Includes the attitudes, beliefs, orientations, and

underlying assumptions prevalent among

people in a society

Refers to interaction between people whose

cultural assumptions are so different that the
communication between them is altered.

The attitudes, beliefs, values, and customs that

majority of people in a society hold in common.

Groups of people living within a dominant culture

but exhibiting communication that is sufficiently
different to distinguish them from the dominant
culture.
Was used to classify people in terms of biological
characteristics such as skin and eye color, hair texture,
and body shape.
Refers to classification of people based on combinations
of shared characteristics such as nationality, geographic
origin, language, origin, ancestral customs, and tradition.
• Focus more on tasks or outcomes • Nurturing role
when they communicate
• Tend to talk more about content
• Likely to include others in
and problem solving conversations
• Emphasize control and status • Actively respond to others
• Less responsive to others
Is a system of beliefs shared by a group and that supplies the
group with an entity (or entities) for devotion, rituals for
worshipping that entity, and a code of ethics.
Level in the power hierarchy of a society.
Membership in each social is determined by
income, education, occupation, and social habits
 The period in which we are born and raised can have a strong
formative influence on us.
People of the same generation form a cultural cohort
whose personal values, beliefs, and behaviors have been
influenced by the common life experiences and events they
encountered as they aged.

Great Depression Kids | World War II Kids |

Baby Boom Generation | Generation X |
Generation Next | Millenials
Is the belief that one’s own Attributions that cover up individual
culture is superior to others. differences and ascribe certain
characteristics to a group of people

At times, we misunderstand one another because the language

A rigid attitude based or other communication behavior of our culture or co-culture
differs from that of another cultural group.
on group
membership.
All cultures base their communication behaviors on
cultural norms and rules on personal values based on
those cultural norms and rules.
Tolerate ambiguity | Be open-minded | Be altruistic

Observe | Formally Study |

Immerse yourself in the culture

Practice listening | Practice intercultural empathy

| Develop flexibility