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EKFDFEJK HCAJ]LKLNV  
  -Ctyalklny IS@@V ELJ]U
  -Hcajtl jdm Klnus    whftc ikllm eckks
  -Mc`fdftfld    Dcutrlphfks (KMLE)
  :. Ikllm :. Whjnleytfe WYLWCY]FCU ?
  9. Elaplsftfld *UWE*   Yckcjsc KVUL_VACU thjt mcstrly ijetcrfj.


  9. : Ucrua 9. Yckcjsc MC@CDUFD prltcfds

9. 9 Wkjsaj   thjt jet kfbc JD]FIFL]FEU


  9. 5 Eckks jdm thcfrs wlrm mcvfjtfld 5. Yckcjsc strldn LXFMJD]U (ikcjeh kfbc jdm strldn
Crythrleytcs

ehcafejks thjt mcstrly ijetcrfj)
Kcubleytcs
 =. Yckcjsc EV]LBFDCU thjt jttrjet lthcr Dcutrlphfks.
]hrlaileytcs


CLUFD LWHFKU (Wjrjsftfe Mc`cdsc Eckks)

 ELAWLDCD]U L@ IKLLM :. Jkkcrnfe rcspldsc
  WKJUAJ   Yckcjsc Jdtf Hfstjafdc


  ]rjdsplrt Acehjdfsa
 9. Uklw mlwd Fd`kjaajtfld ejuscm iy IJULWHFKU
  67-69% ^J]CY


  0->% WYL]CFDU
 IJULWHFKU
  9-5% *@CEEN* 

  Yckcjsc Hfstjafdc, Hcpjrfd, Ucrltldfd.


l @jts :. Hfnhtcd thc FD@KJAAJ]LYV rcspldsc jdm

l Ckcetrlkytcs HVWCYUCDUF]FPF]V rcjetfld.
l Ejrilhymrjtcs (nkuelsc)
l Ehcafejk acsscdncrs ALDLEV]CU - cdtcr vjrflus tfssucs jdm mf``crcdtfjtc fdtl
l Njscs (L9, EL9) WHJNLEV]FE AJEYLWHJNC.

  33% WKJUAJ eldtjfds2 KVAWHLEV]CU - ] & I ECKKU

:. Mfsslkvcm suistjdecs *PJKMFUH* 
Pftjafds

NCDCYJK @SDE]FLDU L@ ]HC IKLLM
Jafdl jefms

MCDY
Kfpfms

  Mc`cdsfvc @udetfld
Mfsslkvcm njsscs

  Cxerctfld
Flds
  Dutrftfld
Uunjr 

  Ycspfrjtfld
Hlraldcs
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 YYJ]
 Ycnukjtfld l` ilmy tcapcrjturc
^hjt fs thc rlkc l` WYL]CFDU<
  Ijkjdefdn LUAL]FE WYCUUSYC  Ycnukjtfld l` ^jtcr Ijkjdec
  Ijkjdefdn l` wjtcr `klw ictwccd thc ikllm jdm  Jefm-Ijsc Ijkjdec
cxtrjeckkukjr `kufms/tfssucs.  ]rjdsplrt l` hlraldcs


^hjt wfkk hjppcd f` thcrc fs j MCEYCJUC L@ WKJUAJ WHVUFEJK EHJYJE]CYFU]FEU L@ IKLLM

WYL]CFD<  ]HFEBCY (Alrc Pfselus) thjd thc wjtcr jdm `klws alrc
  sklwky


:. LUAL]FE WYCUUSYC FU MCEYCJUCM jdm ejuscs
 Saved wjtcr `klw lut tl thc ikllm fdtl thc tfssucs jdm wfkk rcsukt 1 of 13
 
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]CAWCYJ]SYC l` :77. = mcnrccs @
tl U^CKKFDN. Embed Share 


  pH >. = (>. 53->. =3)
  8% l` tltjk ilmy wcfnht

Related titlesWKJUAJ
 (33% l` tltjk IKLLM)   IKLLM PLKSAC


IS@@V ELJ] KCSBLEV]CU JDM WKJ]CKC]U (;:% l`
 3-0 Kftcrs fd jvcrjnc AJKC
tltjk ikllm)   =-3 Kftcrs fd jvcrjnc @CAJKC
 CYV]HYLEV]CU (=3% l` tltjk IKLLM)   HLYALDJK DCNJ]FPC `ccmijeb systcas ajfdtjfd
eldstjdt ikllm vlkuac jdm LUAL]FE WYCUUSYC.
  ELAWLDCD]U L@ IKLLM
IKLLM PFUELUF]V
:. Y CM IKLLM ECKK U   Mfrcet acjsurc l` thc jifkfty l` IKLLM @KL^ thrlunh thc
Crythrleytcs vcsscks.
- Hcalnklifd - L9 icjrfdn alkceukc   Uerccdfdn tcst thjt acjsurcs hlw aueh
*ELAWYFUCM L@ = USISDF]U2 :. @YFE]FLD ld thc ikllm thjt ejuscs jnjfdst thc vcsscks.
  :. NKLIFD (ifdms tl : L9 alkceukc) 9. Hlw hjrm thc HCJY] hjs tl wlrb tl puap ikllm.
  9. HCAC (frld) 5. Hlw aueh LXVNCD fs mckfvcrcm tl lrnjds jdm tfssucs.
5. :77% Ujturjtfld1= NKLISKFD USI-SDF]U ejrryfdn L9
  =. Cjeh Nrja l` HCALNKLIFD1:. 5= aK L9 PFUELUF]V - prlpcrty l` thc `kufm thjt rcsfsts thc `lrec ejusfdn ft tl
  `klw.
9. YCM IKLLM ECKK WYLMSE]FLD  D.P. 1 :. = tl :. 8
:. Crythrlplfcsfs  ]wl `jetlrs thjt j``cet vfselsfty 
  Crythrlplfctfd


9. Hcalkysfs FDEYCJUCM vfselsfty fs sccd fd?

5. Ucqucstrjtfld :. FnA aldlekldjk njaalpjthy
=. Kjilrjtlry jdjkysfs l` rcm ikllm eckks 9. ^jkmcdstrla's Ajerlnkliukfdcafj
  Ycm ikllm eckk eludt
 5. Kyaphlajs? FnJ jdm FnN aycklaj
  Hcajtlerft


  hcalnklifd
 IKLLM PFUELUF]V 
tl sct jpjrt, tl mctjeh j sajkk plrtfld l` tfssuc `rla thc rcst. Hfnh ikllm prcssurc
  Ckcvjtcm KMK ehlkcstcrlk


5. WKJ]CKC]U   Klw HMK



  5. :. Acnjbjryleytcs   ]ypc-FF mfjictcs,



  ]hrlailplfctfd
   Actjilkfe sydmrlac


  5. 9. ]hrlaileytlpcdfj   Licsfty


  5. 5. ]hrlaileytlsfs   Ualbfdn


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   Jnc UCELDM WLKVEV]HCAFJ

   Ajkc ncdmcr    @jetlrs CX]CYDJK tl rcm ikllm eckk prlmuetfld HVWLXFJ.
  Ukccp jpdcj
]hc WYFAJYV mctcrafdjdts l` IKLLM PFUELUF]V   Ecrtjfd tualrs
   Hcajtlerft
   Ycm ikllm eckk mc`lrajifkfty UF]C UCKCE]FLD @LY PCDFWSDE]SYC
   Ycm ikllm eckk jnnrcnjtfld :. Jeecssfifkfty l` thc vcfd
   Wkjsaj vfselsfty 9. Ncdcrjk eldmftfld l` thc vcfd
5. ]ypcs l` `kufm tl ic fd`uscm
  @JE]LYU thjt j``cet ikllm vfselsfty2 Frrftjtfdn? j mf``crcdt sftc wfkk ic suftjikc `rla thc sftcs,


   WKJUAJ prltcfd whfeh ejd ic uscm `lr dld-frrftjtfdn `kufms.

   ]VWCU l` WYL]CFDU fd thc pkjsaj. =. Wcrflm fd fdtrjvcdlus kfdc fs cxpcetcm tl c fd pkjec.
 
PCDCWSDE]SYC (vcdlpudeturc lr vcdcpudeturc) Kldn tcra fdtrjvcdlus thcrjpy wfkk l`tcd rcqufrc j mf``crcdt sftc `rla
   fs thc prlecss l` litjfdfdn fdtrjvcdlus jeecss `lr  thc ldcs thjt ejd ic uscm f` j sfdnkc ilttkc lr ijn l` `kufm wfkk ic uscm
purplsc l` fdtrjvcdlus thcrjpy litjfdfdn j sjapkc l`
vcdlus ikllm @JE]LYU FD NLLM PCDFWSDE]SYC
:. Pcdfpudeturfst
JMPJD]JNC l` Pcdfpudeturc   alttl ? *WYFASA DLD DLECYC*
  Cjsfcst jdm alst eldvcdfcdt   *nllm plfsc*
  Ycmuecs thc jaludt lr vjrfcty l` jppjrjtus   aust ela`lrt thc pjtfcdt
  Jkklws rcpctftfld l` tcst/`lkklw up tcst 9. Wjtfcdt jdm hfs vcfds
  Jvlfm tfssuc oufecs   Ela`lrtjikc plsftfld
  Wrlpcr sckcetfld l` thc vcfds
^HL WCY@LYA PCDCWSDE]SYC<
:. Acmfejk Kjilrjtlry Uefcdtfst, YA] AJ]CYFJKU
9. Mletlrs (surnclds cte.) :. Uj`cty dccmkcs, 99n lr kcss
5. Wjrjacmfej 9. Iuttcr`ky dccmkcs. 9:n lr kcss
=. Whkciltlafst 5. Uyrfdncs
3. Durscs jdm Yjm. tcehs (trjfdcm) =. Ikllm Elkkcetfld ]uics
  Pjeuua tuics - mrjw j prcmctcrafdcm vlkuac l`


PCDFWSDE]SYC fs thc ldc l` thc alst rlutfdcky pcr`lracm fdvjsfvc ikllm.

prlecmurcs jdm fs ejrrfcm lut `lr ]HYCC YCJULDU2 ]uics wfth mf``crcdt jmmftfvcs - uscm `lr elkkcetfdn


:. tl litjfd ikllm `lr MFJNDLU]FE WSYWLUC ikllm spcefacds `lr spcef`fe typcs l` tcsts.
9. ]l aldftlr KCPCKU L@ IKLLM ELAWLDCD]U ( Kjvcry
& Fdnrja, 9773) AJ]CYFJKU dccmcm `lr PCDFWSDE]SYC
5. @lr FDOCE]FDN ACMFEFDCU lr lthcr slkutflds `lr `urthcr    Uckcetfdn thc jpprlprfjtc elkkcetfld tuic jdm spcefacd


mfjndlsfs eldtjfdcr typcs

  ]lurdfqucts, kjtcx-`rcc tlurdfqucts jrc jvjfkjikc (vckbct,


^hjt fs thc vcfd thjt fs ELAALDKV uscm< vcdfbct, vckerl)

Acmfj euiftjk vcfd   Jdtfscptfe, fdmfvfmujkky pjebjncm >7% fslprlpyk jkelhlk


^hy< wfpcs
:. Jeecssfifkfty?
    9x9 njuzc lr elttld ijkks




 Saved    Kfcs jt thc sfmc wfthfd thc `lkm l` thc ckilw 1 of 13  Search document
  Uhjrps mfsplsjk eldtjfdcr, jd LUHJ jeecptjikc,


9.

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Dl kjrnc dcrvc suppky
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  Kfcs eklsc tl thc sur`jec l` thc sbfd pudeturc prll` eldtjfdcr ajrbcm ‛iflhjzjrmlus‑
  Ijdmjncs lr tjpcs


Related titles 


ELKLY ELMCM PJESSA ]SICU
Lthcr Pcfds
Ikuc- eftrjtcs
   Acmfjd Ijsfkfe
Nrccd - Hcpjrfd
   Acmfjd Ecphjkfe
Kjvcdmcr- CM]J
   Jdtcirjehfjk Pcfd fd thc Klwcr jras
Nrjy - @kulrfmc, Kfthfua Lxjkjtc
Ikjeb - Ulmfua Lxjkjtc
L]HCY UF]CU
:. Pcfds jt thc  Vckklw jdm jaicr - `lr eukturc


   Mlrsua,
LYMCY L@ MYJ^ (HCDYV) VINNKN
   ^rfst,
:. Ikllm eukturc tuics  (VCKKL^)
   Kcns
9. Eljnukjtfld slmfua eftrjtc tuic (IKSC U]LWWCY)
(Iut dlt fd pjtfcdt wfth MFJIC]CU, EFYESKJ]LYV WYLIKCA, jdm 5. Ucrua tuics wfth lr wfthlut eklt jetfvjtlr lr nck scpjrjtlr 
HCALNKLIFDLWJ]HFCU.) =. Hcpjrfd tuics wfth lr wfthlut nck (NYCCD U]LWWCY)
3Cthykcdcmfjafdctctrjjectfe jefm tuics (KJPCDMCY U]LWCY)
FD@JD] 0. Nkyelkytfe fdhfift tuic (NYJV U]LWWCY)
:. Kldnftumfdjk sfdus
9. @calrjk vcfd LYMCY L@ MYJ^ (EJWFKKJYV WSDE]SYC) iy YLMJB
:. ikllm njscs
L]HCY SUCU L@ WHKCIL]LAV 9. Ukfmcs, udkcss ajmc `rla thc CM]J aferlelkkcetfld tuic.
   (fdefsfld fdtl j vcfd) fs jksl uscm `lr thc trcjtacdt l` 5. CM]J aferlelkkcetfld tuic
ecrtjfd mfscjscs sueh js2 =. Lthcr aferlelkkcetfldtuics wfth jdtfeljnukjdts
 HCALEHYLAJ]LUFU 3. Ucrua aferlelkkcetfld tuics.
 WYFAJYV WLKVEV]HCAFJ
 UCELDMJYV WLKVEV]HCAFJ ELKLY ELMCM PJESSA ]SICU (w/l Jdtfeljnukjdts)
  :. Wfdb
WYFAJYV WLKVEV]HCAFJ 9. Ycm
   Jidlrajkftfcs fd YCM IKLLM ECKK WYLMSE]FLD 5. Jaicr (`lr tfssuc eukturc)
ejusc jd fdercjsc fd rcm eckk eludt.  =. Vckklw (`lr ikllm eukturc)

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Vckklw- Irlth afxturc Wrcscrvcs vfjifkfty Aferliflklny -

Ikjeb l` aferllrnjdfsas jcrlics,
J@]CY ECD]YF@SNC jdjcrlics, `udnf
  ]lp - Wkjsaj lr Ucrua

Ikjeb Ulmfua @lras ejkefua sjkts ^cstcrnrcd
eftrjtc tl rcalvc ejkefua Ucmfacdtjtfld Yjtc2
  Afmmkc - Nck

(iu``crcm) rcqufrcs `ukk mrjw 
  Ilttla - ikllm eckks w/l afxfdn thc pkjsaj

Lrjdnc ]hrlaifd Zufebky eklts ikllm U]J] scrua
ehcafstrfcs
NLKM? UCYSA UCWJYJ]FDN ]SIC
Kfnht Ulmfua Fdjetfvjtcs Ucrua kcjm
  Ft fs ecdtrf`uncm
Irlwd hcpjrfd thrlaifd jdm mctcrafdjtfld
]hc ikllm eckk sfdb tl thc ilttla l` thc tuic jrc
thrlailpkjstfd2
elvcrcm iy j kjycr l` thc nck
eldtjfds vfrtujkky dl
  ]hc scrua lr pkjsaj fs kc`t ld tlp
kcjm
  ]hc nck cdjikcs thc tuic tl ic tfppcm upsfmc-mlwd jdm
Wfdb Wltjssfua @lras ejkefua sjkts Faaudlhcajtlklny
trjdsplrtcm w/l thc ikllm eckks rcafxfdn wfth thc CM]J
pkjsaj
^hftc Wltjssfua @lras ejkefua sjkts Alkceukjr/WEY jdm
  thc Ucrua lr Wkjsaj fs thc kc`t ld ]lp.
CM]J MDJ tcstfdn
:. YCM
YCZSFUF]FLD @LYA (WJ]FCD]U)
9. NLKM- j Ucrua Ucpjrjtfdn ]uics (UU])
:. Uurdjac, @frst djac, jdm afmmkc fdftfjk
   eldtjfds pjrtfekcs thjt ejusc ikllm tl EKL] qufebky, 9. FM duaicr 
 NCK ? tl scpjrjtc ikllm eckks `rla Ucrua 5. Mjtc l` frth jdm scx
=. Ycqucstfdn physfefjd's elapkctc djac
5. NYJV - thcsc tuics eldtjfd @KSLYFMC jdm LXJKJ]C. 3. Ulurec l` spcefacd
^hjt fs thc YLKC l` @KSLYFMC<   Aust nfvcd whcd rcqucstfdn aferliflklny, eytlklny


   Ft prcvcdt nkyelkysfs `kufm jdjkysfs.,lr lthcr tcstfdn whcrc jdjkysfs jdm

 @kulrfmc prcvcdt cdzyacs fd thc ikllm `rla rcplrtfdn fs sftc spcef`fe
wlrbfdn, sl j suistjdec sueh js nkuelsc wfkk dlt 0. Mjtc jdm tfac l` elkkcetfld.
ic nrjmujkky uscm up murfdn stlrjnc 0. ]cst(s) rcqucstcm

=. MJYB IKSC - eldtjfds thc slmfua sjkt l` hcpjrfd, sjd KJICKFDN ]HC UJAWKC
jdtfeljnukjdt.   prlpcrky kjickcm thc sjapkc fs csscdtfjk sl thjt thc rcsukts


3. LYJDNC - eldtjfd thrlaifd w/e ajbcs thc ikllm eklt l` thc tcst AJ]EH ]HC WJ]FCD].thc bcy ckcacdts fd
cxtrcacky rjpfmky. kjickfdn jrc2
thcsc jkklws thc scrua tl ic jdjkyzcm fd j shlrtcr :. Wjtfcdt's Uurdjac, `frst jdm afmmkc
]fac. 9. FM duaicr 
0. KFNH] VCKKL^ - uscm fd HKJ phcdltypfdn. 5. DL]C 2 ilth l` thc jilvc Aust ajteh thc sjac ld
>. WFDB - sfafkjr tl purpkc tuics (ilth eldtjfd CM]J) thcsc thc rcqufsftfld @LYA.
jrc uscm `lr JIL nrlupfdns jdm erlss-ajtehfdn =. Mjtc, tfac jdm fdftfjks l` thc phkciltlafst aust ic
*lrfnfdjk WFDB mlcs dlt eldtjfd jdtfeljnukjdt.  ld thc kjick l` Cjeh tuic
‘
ELKKCE]FLD ]SICU @LY WHKCIL]LAV JS]LAJ]CM UVU]CA
]cst tuics Jmmftfvc Almc l` Jetfld Sscs l   Ajy fdekumc kjicks wfth ijr elmcs
Y cm Dl dc Ik ll m e kl ts , jd m t hc Ehcafstrfcs, l   Kjickcm elkkcetfld tuics

scrua fs scpjrjtcm iy
 faaudlklny jdm

 Saved ecdtrf`unjtfld
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scrlklny, ikllm
ijdb (erlss
ajteh)
1 of WJ]FCD]U
13 YCKJ]FLDU JDM  Search
Whkciltlafst rlkcs rcqufrcs
document
FMCD]F@FEJ]FLD

l   Wrl`cssfldjk
Nlkm Dldc Ucrua scpjrjtlr tuic Ehcafstry,
Related titles l   Elurtclus


(UU]) eldtjfds j nck faaudlklny jdm l   Sdmcrstjdmfdn
jt thc ilttla tl scrlklny
-nrcct
scpjrjtc ikllm `rla
-fd`lra
scrua fd
-c``cetfvc elaaudfejtfld (ilth vcrijk jdm dld vcrijk fs
ecdtrf`unjtfld
csscdtfjk)
Kfnht Wkjsaj  Jdtfeljnukjtcs wfth Ehcafstrfcs
   Wrlpcr pjtfcdt fmcdtf`fejtfld fs AJDMJ]LYV
Nrccd Ucpjrjtfdn kfthfua hcpjrfd2
   F` pjtfcdt fs jikc tl rcspldm, jsb `lr `ukk djac jdm jkwjys ehceb
]uic (WU]) Wkjsaj fs scpjrjtcm
thc jraijdm `lr eld`frajtfld
w/ kfthfua wfth WU] nck jt thc
hcpjrfd ilttla l` thc tuic  ML DL] MYJ^ IKLLM f` thc jraijdm fs afssfdn
Nrccd Ulmfua Fdjetfvjtcs thrlaifd @lr kfthfua kcvck,    Jkwjys ]HJDB ]HC WJ]FCD] jdm cxeusc ylursck`
hcpjrfd lr jdm thrlailpkjstfd usc slmfua elurtclusky whcd `fdfshcm
kfthfua hcpjrfd
hcpjrfd @lr jaaldfj Jd Lutpjtfcdt
kcvck, usc slmfua :. Aust prlvfmc fmcdtf`fejtfld lthcr thjd thc vcrijk stjtcacdt l` j
lr kfthfua hcpjrfd djac
  9. usfdn thc rcqufsftfld `lr rc`crcdec, jsb j pjtfcdt tl prlvfmc
Mjrb Ikuc CM]J- ]uic fs mcsfndcm tl ]rjec ckcacdt
jmmftfldjk fd`lrajtfld sueh js j surdjac lr ifrth mjtc.
eldtjfd dl tcstfdn (zfde,
eldtjafdjtfdn actjks elppcr, kcjm,
WJ]FCD] ‘U IFKK L@ YFNH]U
acreury) jdm
tlxfelklny Mcekjrcm iy OLFD] ELAAFUFLD LD JEEYCMF]J]FLD L@


HCJK]HEJYC LYNJDF_J]FLD (OEJHL)

Kfnht Nrjy Ulmfua  Jdtfnkyelkytfe jncdt Nkuelsc rcqufrcs
`kulrfmc jdm prcscrvcs nkuelsc up `ukk mrjw (ajy Ijsfe pjtfcdt rfnhts cdmlrscm iy OEJHL


pltjssfua tl 3 mjys ejusc hcalkysfs f`   

lxjkjtc shlrt mrjw) WJ]FCD]‖U YFNH]
Vckklw JEM (jefm- Elapkcacdt HKJ tfssuc Fapjrtfjk jeecss tl trcjtacdt/jeelaalmjtfld
 

eftrjtc- fdjetfvjtfld typfdn, pjtcrdfty Eldsfmcrjtc, rcspcet`uk ejrc

 

mcxtrlsc) tcstfdn, MDJ

Eld`fmcdtfjkfty l` jkk elaaudfejtfld
 
stumfcs

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:=. Ycalvc thc dccmkc `rla thc pjtfcdt's jra usfdn j swf`t ijebwjrm
JYCJU ]L JPLFMCM altfld.
CX]CDUFPC UEJYU `rla iurds jdm surncry
 :3. Wrcss mlwd ld thc njuzc ldec thc dccmkc fs lut l` thc jra,
 ]hc uppcr cxtrcafty ld thc sfmc l` j prcvflus
 jppkyfdn jmcqujtc prcssurc tl jvlfm `lrajtfld l` j hcajtlaj.
AJU]CE]LAV tcst rcsukt ajy ic j``cetcm icejusc l`
KVAWHCMCAJ USAAJYV
:.   @fkk lut thc rcqufsftfld
KVAWHCMCAJ 9.   Cqufpacdt
Uwckkfdn l` thc jras jdm kcns ejuscm iy iufkm up l` kyaphjtfe
 
5.   Jppky tlurdfquct jdm pjkpjtc `lr vcfds
`kufm =.   Utcrfkfzc thc sftc
3.   Fdscrt dccmkc
 ]VWCU L@ KVAWHCMCAJ 0.   Mrjwfdn thc spcefacd
:. FDHCYF]CM (prfajry kyaphcmcaj) >.   Yckcjsfdn thc tlurdfquct
  Wjtfcdts wfth fdhcrftcm kyaphcmcaj wcrc ilrd 8.   Jppkyfdn prcssurc lvcr thc vcfd
kjebfdn kyaph vcsscks jdm dlmcs 6.   Mfsplsfdn dccmkc fdtl shjrp eldtjfdcrs
  Uwckkfdn fd thc `llt, jppcjr murfdn JMLKCUECDEC
MFUJMPJD]JNCU L@ DCCMKC JDM UVYFDNC IKLLM MYJ^U
9. JEZSFYCM (sceldmjry kyaphcmcaj)
Uyrfdnc jrc dlt sj`c icejusc j tuic trjds`cr fs dcecssjry
 
  Uwckkfdn fd thc jras, hjdms, kcns, jdm `cct ejuscm
]hc spcefacd ajy ic hcalkyzcm
iy fdourfdn thc kyaphjtfe systca
Dlt nllm `lr mchymrjtcm pjtfcdts
Dlt nllm `lr pjtfcdt wfth pllr efreukjtfld
 
JYCJU ]L IC JPLFMCM ^HCD EHLLUFDN J UF]C
Ejddlt ic uscm `lr ikllm eukturcs jdm CUY
 
:. HCAJ]LAJ
9. FD]YJPCDLSU ]HCYJWHV (FP) IKLLM
  ELAWKFEJ]FLD FD PCDFWSDE]SYC
]YJDU@SUFLDU
Faacmfjtc Klejk Elapkfejtflds
l   @kufm ay mfkutc thc spcefacd sl elkkcet `rla thc
  :.: Hcaleldecdtrjtfld
lpplsftc jra f` plssfikc
:.9 Hcajtlaj
l   Ujtfs`jetlry sjapkcs ejd ic mrjwd icklw thc FP iy
  :.5 @jfkurc l` ikllm tl cdtcr thc syrfdnc
thc `lkklwfdn prlecmurc   :.5.: Cxecssfvc Jspfrjtfld
- ]urd l`` thc FP `lr jtkcjst 9 afds ic`lrc   :.5.9 Wfcrefdn thc lutcr eljt l` thc vcfd
vcdfpudeturc   :.5.5 ]rjds`fxjtfld l` thc vcfd
- Jppky thc tlurdfquct icklw thc FP sftc lr   :.= Uydelpc
sckcet j vcfd lthcr thjd thc ldc wfth thc FP :.3 Ikccmfdn
- Wcr`lra thc vcdfpudeturc, mrjw 3ak l` ikllm :.0 ]rjdsafssfld l` Mfscjscs
jdm mfsejrm ic`lrc mrjwfdn thc spcefacd tuic
tcstfdn  Jmmftfldjk Eldsfmcrjtfls?
]l prcvcdt j hcajtlaj?
EJDDSKJ/@FU]SKJ/HCWJYFD KLEB :. Wudeturc ldky thc uppcralst wjkk l` thc vcfd
  Ikllm shlukm dlt ic mrjwd `rla jd jra wfth j `fstukj lr

9. Ycalvc thc tlurdfquct ic`lrc rcalvfdn thc dccmkc
ejddukj w/l eldsuktfdn thc jttcdmfdn physfefjd 5. Ssc thc ajolr supcr`fefjk vcfds
CMCAJ]LSU CX]YCAF]FCU =. Ajbc surc thc dccmkc `ukky pcdctrjtcs thc uppcr alst
  ]fssuc `kufm jeeuaukjtfld jktcrs tcsts rcsukts wjkk l` thc vcfd. (Wjrtfjk pcdctrjtfld ajy jkklw ikllm tl
kcjb fdtl thc sl`t tfssuc surrludmfdn thc vcfd iy wjy l` thc
WYLECMSYC @LY PCFD UCKCE]FLD
  dccmkc icvck)

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Wjkpjtc jdm trjec thc pjth l` vcfds wfth fdmcx `fdncr 

wjkk Embed Share

JY]CYFCU WSKUJ]C jrc alst ckjstfe jdm hjvc thfeb
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3-:7 tfacs
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Afx tuics wfth jdtfeljnukjdt jmmftfvcs ncdtky 
]HYLAILUCM PCFDU kjebs rcsfkfcdec, `cck elrm-kfbc
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◠   Jvlfm mrjwfdn ikllm `rla j hcajtlaj


jdm rlkk cjsfky ◠   Jvlfm mrjwfdn thc pkudncr ijeb tll `lrec`ukky,
f` usfdn j dccmkc jdm syrfdnc, jdm jvlfm `rlthfdn l` thc
:. F` supcr`fefjk vcfds jrc DL] rcjmfky jppjrcdt ylu ejd `lrec ikllm sjapkc
fdtl thc vcfd iy ajssjnfdn thc jra `rla wrfst tl ckilw ◠   Ajbc surc thc vcdfpudeturc sftc fs mry
9. ]jp thc sftc wfth fdmcx jdm sceldm `fdncr  ◠   Jvlfm j prlifdn, trjuajtfe vcdfpudeturc
5. Jppky j wjra, mjap wjsh eklth tl thc sftc `lr 3afds.
=. Klwcr thc cxtrcafty lvcr thc icmsfmc tl jkklw thc vcfds tl `fkk FDM^CKKFDN KFDCU LY EJ]HC]CYU
Wltcdtfjk slurec l` tcst crrlrs
 

PCDFWSDE]SYC WYLECMSYC Alst kfdc jrc `kushcm wfth j slkutfld l` hcpjrfd tla rcmuec thc
 

:. Jpprljeh thc pjtfcdt fd j `rfcdmky ejka ajddcr  rfsb l` thrlailsfs

9. Fmcdtf`y thc pjtfcdt elrrcetky MFUEJYM j sjapkc jt kcjst thrcc tfacs thc vlkuac l` thc
 

5. Wrlpcrky `fkk lut jpprlprfjtc rcqufsftfld `lras, fdmfejtfdn thc tcst kfdc
lrmcrs.
=. Pcrf`y pjtfcdts eldmftfld HCALELDECD]YJ]FLD
 @jstfdn    Jd fdercjscm eldecdtrjtfld l` kjrncr alkceukcs jdm `lrecm
 Mfctjry rcstrfetflds ckcacdts fd thc ikllm ajy ic muc tl scvcrjk `jetlrs.
 Acmfejtflds :. Wrlkldncm tlurdfquct jppkfejtfld (: afd)
 ]fafdn 9. Ajssjnfdn, squcczfdn lr prlifdn j sftc
 Acmfejk trcjtacdt 5. Kldn-tcra FP thcrjpy
3. Ehceb `lr jdy jkkcrnfcs tl jdtfscptfes, jmhcsfvcs lr kjtcx iy =. sekcrlscm lr leekumcm vcfds
liscrvfdn `lr jraijdms jdm/lr jsbfdn thc pjtfcdt 3. Mchymrjtfld
0. WLUF]FLD ]HC WJ]FCD]
>. JWWKV ]HC ]LSYDFZSC] 5-= FDEHCU jilvc thc sckcetfvc Wrlkldncm ]lurdfquct Jppkfejtfld?
pudeturc sftc
◠   Wrfajry c``cet fs hcaleldecdtrjtfld l` dld-
8. ]hc pjtfcdt shlukm ajbc j `fst w/l puapfdn thc hjdm
`fktcrjikc ckcacdts (f.c. prltcfds). ]hc hymrlstjtfe prcssurc
6. Uckcet vcdfpudeturc sftc
ejuscs slac wjtcr jdm `fktcrjikc ckcacdts tl kcjvc thc
:7. Ekcjdsc fd j efreukjr `jshfld, icnfddfdn jt thc sftc jdm wlrbfdn
cxtrjeckkukjr spjec.
lutwjrm. Jkklw tl jfr mry.
◠   Ufndf`fejdt fdercjscs ejd ic `ludm fd tltjk
::. Nrjsp thc pjtfcdt's jra `fraky usfdn ylur thuai tl mrjw thc sbfd
prltcfd, jspjrtjtc jafdltrjds`crjsc (JU]), tltjk kfpfms,
tjut jdm jdehlr thc vcfd.
ehlkcstcrlk, jdm frld
:9. ]hc dccmkc shlukm `lra j :3 tl 57 mcnrcc jdnkc
:5. ^hcd thc kjst tuic tl ic mrjwd fs `fkkfdn, rcalvc thc tlurdfquct.

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◠   J``cets pjebcm eckk vlkuac jdm lthcr eckkukjr    elkkcetfdn thc spcefacd
ckcacdts    spcefacd eldtjfdcr 

MYSN ALDF]LYFDN MC@FIYFDJ]FLD

  Eldsfmcrjtflds JMPJDJ]NCU
:. Jmafdfstrjtfld   YIE jdm ^IE alrphlklnfejk stumy


9. Ilmy mfstrfiutfld,   Nfvcs j kjrnc vlkuac l` scrua



5. Actjilkfsa   Sscm `lr K.C prcpjrjtfld



=. Ckfafdjtfld thjt j``cet thc mrun eldecdtrjtfld js acjsurcm AC]HLMU

fd thc ikllm. ^fth thc jppkfejtlr stfebs
 

Ehceb `lr  tfafdn fdstruetflds `lr mrjwfdn thc jpprlprfjtc sjapkcs. Sscm l` Crkcdacycr wfth icjms
 

Sscm l` Crkcdacycr wfth nkjss rlm

 

C@@CE]U L@ CXCYEFUC
Fdercjsc l`  UJ@C]V JDM FD@CE]FLD ELD]YLK SDFPCYUJK
  Ercjtfdfdc bfdjsc(eb)

WYCEJSU]FLD
  Jspjrtjtc jafdltrjds`crjsc (jst)


  Kjetjtc mchymrlncdjsc (kmh)


WYL]CE] VLSYUCK@
  Wkjtckct eludt

  Wrjetfec udfvcrsjk prcejutflds?

- ^cjr nklvcs jdm kji eljts/nlwds whcd hjdmkfdn
^hjt wfkk rcturd tl dlrajk shlrtky j`tcr cxcrefsc< ikllm/ilmy `kufms
:. Jkk jdjkytcs kfbc? Kjetfe jefm, ercjtfdfdc, `jtty jefms, jafdl - Ehjdncs nklvcs j`tcr cjeh pjtfcdt lr whcd eldtjafdjtcm
jefms, prltcfds jdm cdzyacs cxecpt? - ^jsh hjdms `rcqucdtky
   Ercjtfdc bfdjsc (EB) -   Mfsplsc l` ftcas fd jpprlprfjtc eldtjfdcrs
   Jspjrtjtc Jafdltrjds`crjsc - MFUWLUC L@ DCCMKCU faacmfjtcky upld rcalvjk `rla
   (JU]) thc pjtfcdt‖s vcfd. ML DL] ICDM, IYCJB, YCEJW, LY
   Kjetjtc mchymrlncdjsc (KMH) YCUHCJ]H DCCMKCU tl jvlfm jeefmcdtjk dccmkc pudeturc
- EKCJD SW JDV IKLLM UWFKK wfth j mfsfd`cetjdt sueh
U]YCUU? EJSUCU js `rcshky :7% ikcjeh
]rjdsfcdt ckcvjtfld fd whftc ikllm eckks (wie)
 

Ckcvjtcm jmrcdjk hlraldc vjkucs (elrtfslk jdm

  F` ylu stfeb ylursck` wfth j eldtjafdjtcm dccmkc?
ejtcehlkjafdcs)    Ycalvc ylur nklvcs jdm mfsplsc
thca prlpcrky.
JDXFC]V? EJSUCU    Uqucczc pudeturc sftc tl prlaltc
Jefm-ijsc faijkjdecs
  ikccmfdn.
Fdercjscm kjetjtc    ^jsh thc jrcj wckk wfth sljp jdm
Mfurdjk Yhythas?
  wjtcr.
Cx?    Ycelrm thc pjtfcdt's djac jdm FM
:. Ucrua elrtfslk kcvcks jrc hfnhcst fd cjrky alrdfdn iut jrc duaicr.
mcercjscm fd thc j`tcrdlld.    @lkklw fdstftutfld's nufmckfdcs
9. Ucrua frld kcvcks fs mcercjscm murfdn thc mjy. rcnjrmfdn trcjtacdt jdm `lkklw-up.
   DL]C? ]hc usc l` prlphykjetfe
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WLU]SYC? plsturjk ehjdncs (supfdc tl sfttfdn cte.) zfmlvumfdc `lkklwfdn ikllm cxplsurc tl HFP hjs shlwd
Ycjsld? Ecrtjfd kjrncr alkceukcs jrc dlt `fktcrjikc fdtl thc 1  Search document
c``cetfvcdcss (jilut >6%) fd prcvcdtfdn scrleldvcrsfld
Embed
tfssuc, thcrc`lrc thcy jrc Share
alrc eldecdtrjtcm fd thc ikllm
   Fdercjscm wfth ehjdncs fd Wlsftfld _FMLPSMFDC LY J_FML]HVAFMFDC (J_]) (jksl ejkkcm _MP)

Related titles   Cdzyacs ( Cdprlkffe) -  J duekclsfmc jdjkln rcvcrsc-trjdserfptjsc fdhfiftlr  (DY]F),




   Wrltcfds, j typc l` jdtfrctrlvfrjk mrun uscm `lr thc trcjtacdt l`

   Kfpfms, HFP /JFMU fd`cetfld.
   Frld
WYL]CE] ]HC WJ]FCD]
   ejkefua
-  Wkjec IKLLM ELKKCE]FLD CZSFWACD] jwjy `rla
Lthcr @jetlrs? Ncdmcr, Jnc, Wrcndjdey (NJW)
pjtfcdts
- WYJE]FEC HVNFCDC `lr pjtfcdts prltcetfld
UBFD WSDE]SYC
- Jkwjys wcjr j ekcjd kji eljt lr nlwd
Uajkk qujdtftfcs jrc rcqufrcm
:. Fd`jdts Mcpth
  UBFD WYFEB FD FD@JD]U
9. Cxtcdsfvc iurds 9-5 aa- Jmukts
HCCK
5. Icm rfmmcd :.0 aa- fd`jdts
   fs rcelaacdmcm klejtfld `lr ikllm elkkcetfld ld j dcw ilrd ijiy
UF]CU ]cdmcr`llt    prc wjrafdn thc fd`jdts hcck (=9 E `lr 5-3 afds) fs faplrtjdt tl
   Cjr Klic ]cdmcrkctt litjfd EJWFKKJYV IKLLM NJU UJAWKCU
   pjm l` thc `fdncr Wrccaf cte.    nrcjtky fdercjsc thc `klw l` ikllm `lr elkkcetfld l` lthcr
   ifn tlc lr hcck fd fd`jdts spcefacds
 DL] UL HFNH ]CAW. fd`jdts sbfd fs sl thfd jdm cjsfky nct
MFUJMPJD]JNCU L@ UBFD WSDE]SYC iurdcm
  kcss jaludt  Ekcjd thc sftc tl ic pudeturcm wfth jd jkelhlk spldnc.
  eljnukjtfld  Mry thc ekcjdcm jrcj wfth j mry elttld spldnc
  alrc nkuelsc    Ssfdn j stcrfkc ikllm kjdect, pudeturc thc sfmc l` thc hcck fd thc
  alrc kcubleytcs jpprlprfjtc rcnflds.
  hfnhcr YIE jdm Hni  ML DL] SUC thc ecdtrjk plrtfld l` thc hcck
  pkjtckct Et tcdms tl `jkk  ML DL] SUC j prcvflus pudeturc sftc.
   ^fpc jwjy thc @FYU] MYLW L@ IKLLM wfth mry elttld.
@FDNCYU]FEB WYLECMSCYC FKKSU]YJ]CM    usc NCD]KC WYCUUSYC tl prlmuec j rludmcm mrlp l`
  cqufpacdt ikllm
  prlpcr klejtfld ld `fdncr     @fkk thc ejpfkkjry tuic(s) lr aferl elkkcetfld mcvfec(s) js dccmcm.
  pudeturc w/ kjdect
   ^hcd `fdfshcm, CKCPJ]C ]HC HCCK, WKJEC J WFCEC L@
  mrlp l` ikllm
EKCJD, MYV EL]]LD LD ]HC WSDE]SYC UF]C
  wfpc thc `frst ikllm

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 MFUWLUC L@ ELD]JAFDJ]CM AJ]CYFJKU FD - Jkbjkf hcajtfd

JWWYLWYFJ]C ^JU]C YCECW]JEKCU.
   Ycalvc ylur nklvcs jdm wjsh ylur hjdms.
]HC U]SMV L@ HCALNKLIFD
Hcalnklifd
Hi lr Hni fs thc frld eldtjfdfdn lxyncd trjdsplrt 
  Hcalnklifd fd thc ikllm ejrrfcs lxyncd `rla thc rcspfrjtlry
lrnjds (kudns) tl thc rcst l` thc ilmy (f.c. thc tfssucs) whcrc
ft rckcjscs thc lxyncd tl iurd dutrfcdts tl prlvfmc cdcrny jdm
elkkcets thc rcsuktjdt ejrild mflxfmc tl irfdn ft ijeb tl thc
rcspfrjtlry lrnjds tl ic mfspcdscm `rla thc fdmfvfmujk
  Hcalnklifd hjs jd lxyncd ifdmfdn ejpjefty l` :.5= aK L9 pcr
nrja l` hcalnklifd,whfeh fdercjscs thc tltjk ikllm
lxyncd ejpjefty scvcdty-`lkm elapjrcm tl mfsslkvcm lxyncd
fd ikllm.
 HCALNKLIFD eldsfst alstky l` WYL]CFD USISDF]U (thc
"nklifd" alkceukcs), jdm thcsc prltcfds, fd turd, jrc `lkmcm
ehjfds l` j kjrnc duaicr l` mf``crcdt jafdl jefms ejkkcm
plkypcptfmcs.
   ]hc jafdl jefm scqucdec l` jdy plkypcptfmc ercjtcm iy j eckk fs
fd turd mctcrafdcm iy thc strctehcs l` MDJ ejkkcm ncdcs.
Fd jkk prltcfds, ft fs thc jafdl jefm scqucdec whfeh mctcrafdcs
thc prltcfd's ehcafejk prlpcrtfcs jdm `udetfld.
- Eyjdacthcalnklifd
@LYAU L@ HCALNKLIFD
- Ycmuecm Hni
- Lxyhcalnklifd
Fd ncdcrjk, hcalnklifd ejd ic sjturjtcm wfth lxyncd alkceukcs
(lxyhcalnklifd), lr mcsjturjtcm wfth lxyncd alkceukcs
(mclxyhcalnklifd).
Lxyhcalnklifd 
   Fs `lracm murfdn physflklnfejk rcspfrjtfld whcd lxyncd
ifdms tl thc hcac elapldcdt l` thc prltcfd hcalnklifd
fd rcm ikllm eckks.
   ]hfs prlecss leeurs fd thc pukaldjry ejpfkkjrfcs jmojecdt
tl thc jkvclkf l` thc kudns. ]hc lxyncd thcd trjvcks
thrlunh thc ikllm strcja tl ic mrlppcm l`` jt eckks whcrc
ft fs utfkfzcm js j tcrafdjk ckcetrld jeecptlr fd thc
prlmuetfld l` J]W iy thc prlecss l` lxfmjtfvc
phlsphlrykjtfld.

AS]J]FLD FD ]HC NCDCU `lr thc hcalnklifd prltcfds fd j spcefcs

rcsukts fd HCALNKLIFD PJYFJD]U

 JKK ]HCUC MFUCJUCU WYLMSEC JDCAFJ

 HCALNKLIFDLWJ]HFCU ― ejusc j nrlup l` hcrcmftjry

mfscjsc

 UFEBKC ECKK MFUCJUC ― icst bdlwd hcalnklifdlpjthy,

`frst huajd mfscjsc whlsc acehjdfsa wjs udmcrstllm
jt thc alkceukjr kcvck

  ]HJKJUUCAFJU ― scpjrjtc sct l` mfscjsc, fdvlkvcs

udmcrprlmuetfld l` dlrajk jdm slactfacs jidlrajk

 
hcalnklifds, thrlunh prlikcas jdm autjtflds fd nklifd

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ncdc rcnukjtfld
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HCALNKLIFD (Hi)
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-  Fs sydthcsfzcm fd j elapkcx scrfcs l` stcps


- ]hc HCAC pjrt fs sydthcsfzcm fd j scrfcs l` stcps fd thc
AF]LEHLDMYFJ JDM ]HC EV]LULK l` faajturc rcm
ikllm eckks
- ]hc NKLIFD prltcfd pjrts jrc sydthcsfzcm iy YFILUFACU
fd thc eytlslk
- Wrlmuetfld l` Hi eldtfducs fd thc eckk thrlunhlut fts cjrky
mcvcklpacdt `rla thc prlcrythrlikjst tl thc 
rctfeukleytc fd thc ildc ajrrlw.)
- Jt thfs plfdt, thc duekcus fs klst fd thc rcm ikllm eckks.
- ]hc rcsfmujk rfilslajk YDJ jkklws `urthcr sydthcsfs l` Hi
udtfk thc rctfeukleytc klscs fts YDJ slld
- (]hfs hcalnklifd-sydthctfe YDJ fd `jet nfvcs thc rctfeukleytc
fts rctfeukjtcm jppcjrjdec jdm djac).
JIDLYAJK @LYAU L@ HCALNKLIFD
Hni ALKCESKC
:. EJYILXVHCALNKLIFD (EL)
 - nklifd- 9 scts l` plkypcptfmc ehjfds
- Njslkfdc altlrs
  - = alk. L` prltlplrphyrfd FX - Njslkfdc hcjtcrs
  - = frld jtlas fd thc @c++ stjtc - Mc`cetfvc njs stlvcs
  - 9-5 MWN (IWN) Ifsphlsphlnkyecrjtc alk. - Iurdfdn eljk
   Ycsfmcdt jt thc ecdtcr l` Hni udft - Efnjrs jdm efnjrcttcs

WYFDEFWJK EHJYJE]CYFU]FEU 9. AC]HCALNKLIFD

  - frld fd thc `crrlus stjtc -   Frld fs lxfmfzcm tl `crrfe stjtc eldsfsts l` = plkypcptfmc
  - eldtjfds = pyrlkkc nrlupfdns rckjtcm tl ehjfds jdm = alkceukcs l` hcafd
ehklrlphykk
5. AC]HCALNKLIFDCAFJ
YCM IKLLM ECKK - fs j ikllm mfslrmcr fd whfeh jd jidlrajk jaludt l`
- eldtjfds scvcrjk hudmrcm thlusjdm hcalnklifd alkceukcs, acthcalnklifd ― j `lra l` hcalnklifd fs prlmuecm
whfeh trjdsplrt lxyncd - ^fth acthcalnklifdcafj, thc hcalnklifd ejd ejrry
- Hcalnklifd fs cjsfky lxfmfzcm tl lxyncd iut fs udjikc tl rckcjsc ft c``cetfvcky tl ilmy
- Jefm hcajtfd tfssucs.

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   J qufeb jdm cjsy icmsfmc tcst `lr mctcrafdfdn whcthcr

]^L @LYAU L@ AC]HCALNKLIFDCAFJ
:. NCDC]FEU
-   ]hc `frst `lra fs pjsscm ld iy ilth pjrcdts. ]hc
pjrcdts usujkky ml dlt hjvc thc eldmftfld thcasckvcs,
iut thcy ejrry thc ncdc thjt ejuscs thc eldmftfld.
-   Ft leeurs whcd thcrc fs j prlikca wfth jd cdzyac ejkkcm
eytl ehrl ac i3 rcmuetjs c.
9. HCYFMF]JYV AC]HCALNKLIFDCAFJ
9 ]VWCU
 ]ypc : (jksl ejkkcm crythrleytc rcmuetjsc
mc`fefcdey) leeurs whcd rcm ikllm eckks kjeb thc
cdzyac.
 ]ypc 9 (jksl ejkkcm ncdcrjkfzcm rcmuetjsc
mc`fefcdey) leeurs whcd thc cdzyac mlcsd't wlrb
jdywhcrc fd thc ilmy.
   ]hc sceldm `lra l` fdhcrftcm acthcalnklifdcafj fs
ejkkcm hcalnklifd A mfscjsc.
 Ft fs ejuscm iy mc`cets fd thc hcalnklifd prltcfd
ftsck`.
 Ncdctfes? Ldky ldc pjrcdt dccms tl pjss ld thc
jidlrajk ncdc `lr thc ehfkm tl fdhcrft thc mfscjsc.
JEZSFYCM AC]HCALNKLIFDCAFJ
:. JDCU]HC]FEU sueh js icdzlejfdc
9. ICD_CDC
5. JD]FIFL]FEU (fdekumfdn mjpsldc jdm ehklrlqufdc),
Uuk`ldjafmcs
=. JDFKFDC MYSNU jdm fts mcrfvjtfvcs
3. DF]YF]CU (uscm js jmmftfvcs tl prcvcdt acjt `rla splfkfdn)
0 . EHK LY J]C U
>. ZSFDLDCU
8.   Pcnctjikcs eldtjfdfdn DF]YJ]CU (sueh js iccts).
mjrb ikllm fs muc tl acthcalnklifdcafj fs tl iuiikc
:77% lxyncd fd j tuic thjt eldtjfds thc mjrb ikllm.
   Ikllm thjt rcajfds mjrb kfbcky mlcs sl icejusc l` thc
prcscdec l` acthcalnklifd.
LXFAC]CYV
- Jdlthcr sfapkc tcst (jdm ldc thjt fs kcss kfbcky tl spkjsh
pltcdtfjkky fd`cetflus ikllm) fs tl pkjec :-9 mrlps l`
ikllm ld whftc `fktcr pjpcr , thcd cvjkujtc `lr elklr
ehjdnc upld cxplsurc tl lxyncd. (]hfs tcst ejd ic
jeeckcrjtcm iy ncdtky iklwfdn suppkcacdtjk lxyncd ldtl
thc `fktcr pjpcr.)
- Mclxyncdjtcm hcalnklifd ehjdncs `rla mjrb rcm lr
vflkct tl irfnht rcm, whcrcjs acthcalnklifd rcajfds
irlwd.
  Ucrua Dftrftc
USK@HCALNKLIFDCAFJ  
   Fs j rjrc eldmftfld fd whfeh thcrc fs cxecss
suk`hcalnklifd (Uuk`Hi) fd thc ikllm. ]hc pfnacdt fs j
nrccdfsh mcrfvjtfvc l` hcalnklifd whfeh ejddlt ic
eldvcrtcm ijeb tl dlrajk, `udetfldjk hcalnklifd. Ft
ejuscs eyjdlsfs cvcd jt klw ikllm kcvcks.
   Ft fs j rjrc ikllm eldmftfld thjt leeurs whcd j suk`ur  
jtla fs fdelrplrjtcm fdtl thc hcalnklifd alkceukc.
^hcd hymrlncd suk`fmc (H9U) (lr suk`fmc flds) jdm `crrfe
flds elaifdc fd thc ikllm, thc ikllm fs fdejpjikc l`
ejrryfdn lxyncd.
USK@HCALNKLIFD
 - Dld kf`c thrcjtcdfdn
   - Ycajfds fd thc YIEs
   - Ejd‖t trjdsplrt L9 jdm elaifdcs wfth EL tl `lra
ejrilxyhcalnklifd
EJSUCU
  suk`ldjafmcs
   Uuk`ur suk`jsjkjzfdc
   jrlajtfe jafdc mruns
   scvcrc eldstfpjtfld
   ijetcrcafj

 
   Cdtcrlncdlus eyjdlsfs


EHJYJE]CYFU]FEU L@ AC]HCALNKLIFD
 Saved - Wjrt l` thc fdjetfvc Hni 1 of ]CU]U
13 @LY JIDLYAJK Search document
HnI:.
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- Sdjikc tl elaifdc rcvcrsfiky wfth L9 jdm EL9
- Ejuscs j shf`t l` thc L9 mfsslefjtfld eurvc jdm hfdmcrs thC
:. Upcetrlphltlactrfe Acthlm

Related titles
trjds`cr l` L9 `rla thc ikllm tl thc tfssucs.
Ejrilxyhcalnklifd 7.73 ak l` ikllm + :7an. L` Dj9U9L=



- Dlrajk Jaludt fs 7.9= na. 7.3 na/:77 ak  wfkk ejusc
eyjdlsfs  Ejrild aldlxfmc fs j plfsldlus fdvfsfikc njs.
 Ycm ikllm eckks (YIE) hjvc hcalnklifd. ]hfs prltcfd hjs
Uyaptla l`  typc : acthcalnklifdcafj (crythrleytc rcmuetjsc thc prlpcrty l` wrjppfdn thc lxyncd.
mc`fefcdey)  Lxyncd fs trjdsplrtcm thrlunhlut thc cdtfrc ilmy.
  Ikufsh elklrfdn l` thc sbfd  Ejrild aldlxfmc rcpkjecs thc lxyncd fd ylur YIEs,
eldvcrtfdn hcalnklifd fdtl ejrilxyhcalnklifd.
Uyaptlas l`  typc 9 acthcalnklifdcafj (ncdcrjkfzcm rcmuetjsc
mc`fefcdey) Ejrilxyhcalnklifd ejddlt ejrry lxyncd. ]hc lrfnfd l` EL fs thc
  Mcvcklpacdtjk mckjy fdelapkctc elaiustfld ld elaiustfld altlrs lr njs `urdjecs, `frcs
  @jfkurc tl thrfvc jdm tlijeel salbc.
  Fdtckkcetujk mfsjifkfty
  Ucfzurcs Uyaptlas l` EL fdtlxfejtfld jrc?
Hcjmjehc.


Uyaptlas l` Hcalnklifd A mfscjsc Djuscj lr vlaftfdn



   Ikufsh elklrfdn l` thc sbfd Frrftjifkfty



Mfzzfdcss.


Uyaptlas l` Jequfrcm acthcalnklifdcafj fdekumc?

   Ikufsh elklrfdn l` thc sbfd Wurplsc l` thc Ejril xyhcalnkli fd tcst
   Hcjmjehc ]hfs tcst acjsurcs thc eldecdtrjtfld l` ejrilxyhcalnklifd fd
   @jtfnuc ikllm.
   Uhlrtdcss l` ircjth ]hfs tcst fs uscm tl mfjndlsc jdm ajdjnc ejrild
   Kjeb l` cdcrny aldlxfmc plfsldfdn muc tl cxplsftfld tl fdelapkctc
elaiustfld njscs (EL).
]CU] @LY AC]HCALNKLIFD
 Yc`crcdec rjdnc vjkucs
   Upcef`fe cdzyac jssjys (dfeltfdjafmc jmcdfdc Yc`crcdec vjkucs `lr dld-salbcrs 7.773 ― 7.7:3
mfduekcltfmc RDJMHQ―mcpcdmcdt rcmuetjsc,  
eytlehrlac i3 rcmuetjsc) ajy ic mctcrafdcm, l`tcd fd Yc`crcdec vjkucs `lr salbcrs?
auktfpkc eckk kfdcs (fc, pkjtckcts, nrjdukleytcs, jdm    :-9 pjebs/mjy 7.7= ― 7.73
`firlikjsts), tl mfjndlsc fdhcrftcm ejscs.    49 pjebs/mjy 7.78 ―7.76
   ]lxfe kcvcks 47.97

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l   Wltjssfua eyjdfmc
 Jidlrajk `fdmfdns l   Wltjssfua mfhymrlncd phlsphjtc
-  Hfnh kcvck l` Ejrilxyhcalnklifd fd ikllm fs usujk jaldn
salbcrs. ULSYECU L@ CYYLYU FD KJI ]CU]U
- Hcjvy salbfdn kcjm tl ifnncr tcst vjkucs. ]cehdfejk slurecs l` crrlr
- =% (7.7= jrc fdmfejtfvc l` plssfikc hcalkytfe jdcafj :. Fdjmcqujtc afxfdn l` spcefacd
-  97% (7.9) rcprcscdt fdtlxfejtfld thjt ejd kcjm tl scvcrc   9. pfpcts
mjajnc jdm cvcd tl mcjth. 5. pfpctfdn crrlr 
  =. Ssc l` mfrty, serjtehcm, lr udajtehcm
LKM AC]HLMU euvcts
3. usc l` mctcrflrjtcm rcjncdts, lxfmjtfld l`
Uhjbfdn Acthlm thc rcjncdt
:. Dlrajk Ikllm ― Dl ehjdnc fd elklr  Lthcrs
9. Acthcalnklifd- Ehlelkjtc irlwd  Kfpcafe ikllm
5. Ejrilxyhcalnklifd ― Ehcrry Ycm  Hyplehrlafe eckks
=. Uuk`hcalnklifd- nrccdfsh Wrcscdec l` jidlrajk jaludt l` prltcfds

Jkbjkf Uplt ]cst

  :. Vckklwfsh nrccd- Dlrajk Nkyejtcm hcalnklifd (hcalnklifd J:e, HiJ:e , J:E , lr Hi:e 2
  9. Ikuc nrccd- Jidlrajk slactfacs jksl HiJ:e)

Bjtjyjaj‖s ]cst ( j qujkftjtfvc elklrfactrfe ]cst)    Fs j `lra l` hcalnklifd thjt fs acjsurcm prfajrfky tl

fmcdtf`y thc jvcrjnc pkjsaj nkuelsc eldecdtrjtfld 
UWCEFACD ELKKCE]FLD YCZSFYCACD]U lvcr prlkldncm pcrflms l` tfac.
 Elkkcet - ^hlkc Ikllm, ldc hcpjrfdfzcm ikllm njs syrfdnc     Ft fs `lracm fd j dld-cdzyajtfe nkyejtfld pjthwjy iy
Hjdmkfdn - Elkkcet spcefacd jdjcrlifejkky. Ikllm njs syrfdnc hcalnklifd's cxplsurc tl pkjsaj nkuelsc.
shlukm ic ejppcm wfth dl jfr spjec. ]rjdsplrt faacmfjtcky.
Afdfaua Plkuac - 9.7 Ak F. Dlrajk kcvcks l` nkuelsc prlmuec j dlrajk jaludt l` nkyejtcm
]rjdsplrt - Yc`rfncrjtcm (9-8·E) hcalnklifd. 
Ycocetfld Erftcrfj - Upcefacds wfth syrfdnc udejppcm lr FF. Js thc jvcrjnc jaludt l` pkjsaj nkuelsc FDEYCJUCU, thc
wfth jfrspjec, tuics wfth icdzjkbldfua hcpjrfd, CM]J, eftrjtc, `rjetfld l` nkyejtcm hcalnklifd FDEYCJUCU fd j prcmfetjikc
lxjkjtc, jdm `kulrfmc wjy.
Utjifkfty - Jaifcdt (97-93·E)? 57 afdutcs, Yc`rfncrjtcm (9- FFF. ]hfs scrvcs js j ajrbcr `lr jvcrjnc ikllm nkuelsc kcvcks lvcr thc
8·E)? 57 afdutcs, prcvflus aldths prflr tl thc acjsurcacdt
  @rlzcd (jt lr icklw -97·E)? Sdjeecptjikc

FP.   Fd mfjictcs ackkftus, hfnhcr jaludts l` nkyejtcm hcalnklifd,
  Acthlm? Elklrfactry


fdmfejtfdn pllrcr eldtrlk l` ikllm nkuelsc kcvcks, hjvc iccd

  Yc`crcdec Pjkuc ;:.3% l` tltjk hcalnklifd

jsslefjtcm wfth ejrmflvjseukjr mfscjsc, dcphrlpjthy, jdm
]lxfe Kcvcks - ≣:.6%
rctfdlpjthy.
P. Aldftlrfdn HiJ:e fd typc : mfjictfe pjtfcdts ajy faprlvc lutelacs
UVAW]LAU JYC WYLWLY]FLDJK ]L ]HC KCPCK L@
AC]HCALNKLIFD?  
WYFDEFWKC
 
Kcss thjd :7% acthcalnklifd? Dl syaptlas


 Saved :7-97% acthcalnklifd? Ubfd mfselklrjtfld ldky, alst



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dltjiky ld aueus acairjdcs
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97-57% acthcalnklifd? Jdxfcty, hcjmjehc, myspdcj ld

1 of13Nkyejtfld l` prltcfds
fs jSearch document
`rcqucdt leeurrcdec, iut fd thc ejsc
l` hcalnklifd, j dldcdzyajtfe rcjetfld leeurs ictwccd 

nkuelsc jdm thc D-cdm l` thc ictj ehjfd.
cxcrtfld
Related titles   ]hfs `lras j Uehf`` ijsc whfeh fs ftsck` eldvcrtcm tl :-


57-37% acthcalnklifd? @jtfnuc, eld`usfld, mfzzfdcss,


tjehypdcj, pjkpftjtflds mclxy`ruetlsc. ]hfs rcjrrjdncacdt fs bdlwd js Jajmlrf 

37->7% acthcalnklifd? Elaj, scfzurcs, jrrhythafjs,

jefmlsfs
Nrcjtcr thjd >7% acthcalnklifd? Mcjth 

 Alst hcalnklifd tcsts hjm tl ic pcr`lracm fd j acmfejk
kjilrjtlry.
 HCALNKLIFD ]CU] AC]CY? Sscm jt hlac tl acjsurc thcfr
hcalnklifd kcvcks jdytfac murfdn thc mjy.
 ]hc hcalnklifd hlac tcst bft acjsurcs Hcalnklifd, ]ltjk
Ehlkcstcrlk jdm Nkuelsc kcvcks.
  ]hc HCALNKLIKFD HLAC ]CU] AC]CY fs j mfjndlstfe tllk
jdm ejd ic uscm tl aldftlr thc prlnrcss l` ecrtjfd acmfejk
eldmftflds fdvlkvfdn ikllm eludt sueh js jdca fj.
KFAF]J]FLD ]L UJHKF‖U AC]HLM
Utjdmjrm fs dlt pcrajdcdt
rcjrrjdncacdt.
   ^hcd ikllm nkuelsc kcvcks jrc HFNH, NKSELUC
ALKCESKCU jttjeh tl thc hcalnklifd fd rcm ikllm eckks.
  ]hc KLDNCY HVWCYNKVECAFJ leeurs fd ikllm, thc alrc
nkuelsc ifdms tl hcalnklifd fd thc rcm ikllm eckks jdm thc  
HFNHCY ]HC NKVEJ]CM HCALNKLIFD.
  Nkuelsc kcvcks jrc fdtcrafttcdtky rjfscm fd plrtjk vcsscks
ejrryfdn jislricm nkuelsc tl thc kfvcr `lr rcnukjtfld.
Wjssfdn rcm eckks wfkk hjvc FDEYCJUCM NKVEJ]FLD J@]CY
USNJYV MYFDB LY WLYYFMNC.
   Ldec j hcalnklifd alkceukc fs nkyejtcm, ft rcajfds thjt wjy. 
thcrc`lrc, rc`kcets thc jvcrjnc kcvck l` nkuelsc tl whfeh
thc eckk hjs iccd cxplscm murfdn fts kf`c-eyekc.
  Acjsurfdn nkyejtcm hcalnklifd jsscsscs thc c``cetfvcdcss
l` thcrjpy iy aldftlrfdn kldn-tcra scrua nkuelsc
rcnukjtfld.

Eldsfmcrjtcky mckjy fd thc mcvcklpacdt l` thc pcrajdcdt

 
HFNH WCY@LYAJDEC KFZSFM EHYLAJ]LNYJWHV
elklr (ajy fdstjdecs rcjeh 97 ajrbs) (HWKE) - ]hc HiJ:e rcsukt fs ejkeukjtcm js j rjtfl tl
l   :7 afds. ? 63% jefm hcajtfd tltjk hcalnklifd iy usfdn j ehrlajtlnrja
l   97 afds. ? 68% jefm hcajtfd   FAASDLJUUJV
l   : hlur ? :77% jefm hcajtfd   CD_VAJ]FE
Kjrnc crrlrs hjvc iccd `ludm fd sjhkfs pfpcttc, rcejkfirjtfld
 
  EJWFKKJYV CKCE]YLWHLYCUFU
fs dccmcm ic`lrc usfdn thca
Wlfdt l` ejrc (c.n., mletlr's l``fec) mcvfecs usc?
FAWYLPFDN UJHKF‖U AC]HLM   Faaudljssjy
Eyjdlacthcalnklifd jislrijdec rcjehfdn jt 3=7 da
    Ilrldjtc j``fdfty ehrlajtlnrjphy
Ikllm sjapkc trcjtcm wfth
 

l   Wltjssfua `crrfeyjdfmc SDYCKFJIFKF]V L@ YCUSK]U

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 j`tcr ikllm klss Fd pclpkc jeekfajtcm tl hfnh jktftumcs, thc eldecdtrjtfld l`  9,5-
  j`tcr surncry Ifsphlsphlnkyecrjtc (9,5-IWN) fd thc ikllm fs fdercjscm,
  ikllm trjds`usflds whfeh jkklws thcsc fdmfvfmujks tl mckfvcr j kjrncr jaludt l`
  jdcafj lxyncd tl tfssucs udmcr eldmftflds l` klwcr  lxyncd tcdsfld.
  hfnh crythrleytc ]hfs phcdlacdld fs ejkkcm j hctcrltrlpfe  jkklstcrfe c``cet.
 prcscdec l` ehrldfe rcdjk lr kfvcr mfscjsc2 j`tcr jmafdfstrjtfld
l` hfnh-mlsc vftjafd E2 lr crythrlplfctfd trcjtacdt ]HC DLYAJK YJDNC @LY HCALNKLIFD FU
@lr acd, :5.3 tl :>.3 nrjas pcr mcefkftcr (:53 tl :>3 nrjas


   Fd ncdcrjk, thc rc`crcdec rjdnc (thjt `ludm fd hcjkthy pcr kftcr)

pcrslds), fs jilut 97―=7 aalk/alk (=―3.6%) @lr wlacd, :9.7 tl :3.3 nrjas pcr mcefkftcr (:97 tl :33


nrjas pcr kftcr)

 Hfnhcr kcvcks l` HiJ:e jrc `ludm fd pclpkc wfth
Dlrajk rjdncs `lr ehfkmrcd vjry wfth jnc jdm scx.
 
pcrsfstcdtky ckcvjtcm ikllm sunjr, js fd mfjictcs
ackkftus.
@JE]LYU J@@CE]FDN HnI PJKSCU
  J mfjictfe pcrsld wfth nllm nkuelsc eldtrlk hjs j HiJ:e kcvck    Ucx? @cajkc ― :9tl :0 n/mk
thjt fs eklsc tl lr wfthfd thc rc`crcdec rjdnc.   Ajkc - :5 tl :8 n/mk
   Jnc jt ifrth ― :3 tl 97 n/mk
YC@CYCDEC YJDNC L@ Hi   9 aldths - 6 tl := n/mk
   Fdtcrdjtfldjk Mfjictcs @cmcrjtfld jdm Jacrfejd Elkkcnc l`   :7 yrs - :9 tl :3 n/mk
Cdmlerfdlklny rcelaacdm HiJ:e vjkucs icklw   37 yrs - mcercjscm
=8 aalk/alk (0.3%)    Jktftumc - hfnh- fdercjscm
   Jacrfejd Mfjictcs Jsslefjtfld ? rcelaacdms thjt thc HiJ:e    - Klw- mcercjscm
ic icklw 35 aalk/alk (>.7%) `lr alst pjtfcdts.    ]fac - JA- fdercjscm
  WA- mcercjscm
WCYUFU]CD] CKCPJ]FLDU L@ IKLLM USNJY JDM HiJ:e
Fdercjsc thc rfsb l` kldn-tcra vjseukjr elapkfejtflds l`
 KL^CY ]HJD DLYAJK YCUSK]U
mfjictcs Ejuscs l` jdcafj?
elrldjry mfscjsc
    Frld mc`fefcdey
hcjrt jttjeb
    Pftjafd I-:9 mc`fefcdey
strlbc
    @lkjtc mc`fefcdey
hcjrt `jfkurc
    Ikccmfdn
bfmdcy `jfkurc
    Ejdecrs thjt j``cet thc ildc ajrrlw, sueh js kcubcafj
ikfdmdcss
    Bfmdcy mfscjsc
 crcetfkc mys`udetfld
    Kfvcr mfscjsc
 dcurlpjthy (klss l` scdsjtfld, cspcefjkky fd thc `cct),
    Hyplthyrlfmfsa
njdnrcdc    ]hjkjsscafj ” j ncdctfe mfslrmcr thjt ejuscs klw kcvcks
 njstrlpj rcsfs (sklwcm captyfdn l` thc stlajeh) l` hcalnklifd jdm rcm ikllm eckks
  Wllr ikllm nkuelsc eldtrlk jksl fdercjscs thc rfsb l` shlrt-
HFNHCY ]HJD DLYAJK YCUSK]U
tcra elapkfejtflds l` surncry sueh js pllr wludm Wlkyeythcafj vcrj
hcjkfdn.    Kudn mfscjsc
   Mchymrjtfld
KL^CY ]HJD CXWCE]CM KCPCKU L@ HiJFe
     Kfvfdn jt j hfnh jktftumc

 Saved :. Uhlrtcdcm rcm ikllm eckk kf`cspjd, sueh js wfth nkuelsc-0- 1

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phlsphjtc mchymr lncdjsc mc`fefc dey,Share
sfebkc-eckk mfscjsc,  lr jdy
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   Cxecssfvc vlaftfdn

lthcr eldmftfld ejusfdn prcajturc rcm ikllm eckk mcjth.
   Cxtrcac physfejk cxcrefsc

Related titles 9. Ikllm mldjtfld wfkk rcsukt fd rjpfm rcpkjecacdt l` klst


YIEs wfth dcwky `lracm rcm ikllm eckks.
]CYAU FD ELDDCE]FLD ]L YIE JDM HnI
  Jdcafj
HFNHCY ]HJD CXWCE]CM KCPCKU L@ HiJFe
Wlkyeythcafj
^fth kldncr rcm ikllm eckk kf`cspjd
Crythrleytlsfs
   Pftj afd I:9 lr `lkjtc mc`fefcdey. Crythrcafj
Lkfnleythcafj
WHVUFLKLNFE CYYLYU FD HnI MC]CYAFDJ]FLD Crythrld
Kfpcafe ikllm (elrrcetfld- + 0 ak Eyjdacth rcjncdt
 
Hyplehrlafj
- Hfnh Kcubleytc et.- ( iy ecdtrf`unjtfld)
 
Hypcrehrlafj
-His jdm Hie (rcsfstjdec l` eckks tl hcalkysfs)- :?9
 
Hcalnklifdcafj
mfkutfld Hcalnklifdurfj
Cjsfky pptcm Hnis. ― A. aycklaj
 
Yct-Hc (Yctfeukleytc Hcalnklifd)
  ^jkmcdstrla Ajerlnkliukfdcafj
Elrrcetfld- Dcw Mrjibfd‖s    Fs j mfrcet jsscssacdt l` thc fdelrplrjtfld l` frld fdtl
Lkm Mrjibfd‖s ― 7.: na l` EL5 crythrleytc hcalnklifd
 YC]FESKLEV]CU jrc rcm ikllm eckks prceurslrs.
@JE]LY J@@CE]FDN HnI J@@FDF]V ]L L9    Js sueh, Yct-Hc fs j mfrcet cstfajtc l` thc rcecdt `udetfldjk
:.7 Ikllm/ilmy tcap. - Hfnh ―rckcjsc L9 alrc rcjmfky jvjfkjifkfty l` frld (9-5 mjys)
9.7 Ikllm pH (Ilhr C``cet) ]hfs mcercjsc fd hcalnklifd's   ]YJMF]FLDJK EHCAFU]YV tcst uscm `lr frld
j``fdfty `lr lxyncd iy thc ifdmfdn l` ejrild mflxfmc jdm jefm fs jsscssacdt ( UCYSA FYLD, ]sjt, @CYYF]FD) jrc fdmfrcet
bdlwd js thc Ilhr C``cet (shf`ts thc L9-sjturjtfld eurvc tl thc acjjsurcacdt
rfnht    Js j mfrcet acjsurcacdt, Yct-Hc ajy fmcdtf`y frld
5.7 9-5 MWN mc`fefcdey cjrkfcr thjd trjmftfldjk pjrjactcrs.
=.7 EL9 Kcvcks hfnh ejrild mflxfmc kcvcks fs jksl klwcr fd  pH  l Yct-Hc fs jd cstjikfshcm pjrjactcr fd thc Djtfldjk Bfmdcy
(alrc jefmfe). Fdercjscm j``fdfty `lr ejrild mflxfmc iy thc @ludmjtfld nufmckfdcs `lr jsscssfdn thc fdftfjk frld stjtus
vcdlus ikllm fs bdlwd js thc Hjkmjdc c``cet  jdm tl jsscss FP frld rcpkjecacdt l` HCALmfjkysfs
3.7 Jat l` Hni @ pjtfcdts wfth ehrldfe bfmdcy mfscjsc.
0.7 Jid Hni vjrfjdts    j KL^ Yct-Hc fs fdmfejtfvc l` frld mc`fefcdey.
Uhf`t tl thc Yt.-L9 rckcjscm rcjmfky    wfth j Yct-Hc jilvc thc dlrajk rjdnc, j pjtfcdt ajy dlt
Uhf`t tl thc K` ― L9 ―dlt rckcjscm rcjmfky  rcspldm tl jmmftfldjk frld thcrjphy

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  ]HC YC@CYCDEC YJDNC @LY Yct-Hc fs 98. 99-50. 0 pn. AC]HLMU L@ HE] MC]CYAFDJ]FLD Ajerl Acthlms (LKM
acthlm)
]YJDU@CYYFD UJ]SYJ]FLD (]sjt) :. ^ fdt rl ic a ct hl m - M.7 jdtfeljnukjdt
  fd pcrecdtjnc fs j acmfejk kjilrjtlry vjkuc.
 Ycjmfdn X :7 - Het
  Ft fs thc rjtfl l` scrua frld jdm tltjk frld-ifdmfdn

9. Hjmcd's acthlm - :. :% slm. Lxjkjtc
ejpjefty. ft fs thc rjtfl l` scrua frld jdm tltjk frld-ifdmfdn   Ycjmfdn X 97
ejpjefty, auktfpkfcm iy :77 l` thc ]YJDU@CYYFD thjt 5. Pjd Jkkcd - :. 0% slm. Lxjkjtc
fs jvjfkjikc tl ifdm frld. =. Ujd`lrm Ajnjth Acthlm - :. 5% U.L
  ]hfs vjkuc tckks j ekfdfefjd hlw aueh scrua frld jrc

3. Irjy's Acthlm - Hcpjrfd
jetujkky iludm.
  @lr fdstjdec, j vjkuc l` :3% acjds thjt thc :3% l`

SUC l` CWWCDMLY@ ]SICU
frld-ifdmfdn sftcs l` trjds`crrfd jrc icfdn leeupfcm   ECD]YF@SNC ikllm sjapkcs fd CWWCDMLY@ tuics `lr


iy FYLD. :7 afds.

DLYAJK rc`crcdec rjdncs jrc ?
l   Ucrua Frld ? 07-:>7 un/mk (:7-57ualk/K) HCAJ]LEYF] mctcrafdjtfld
l   ]FIE ? 9=7-=37 un/mk ^hcrc ?
  4H: 1 Hcfnht l` thc YIE elkuad
l   ]rjds`crrfd Ujturjtfld ? :3-37% (ajkcs), :9- 
  4H9 1 Hcfnht l` thc YIE + hcfnht l` thc Wkjsaj elkuad
=3% (`cajkcs)
  4Ejkeukjtc He% (hcajtlerft) vjkuc
l   un/mk 1 aferlnrjas pcr mcefkftcr.
  @lraukjc ?
  H: x :77 /H9

HCAJ]LEYF] ELDMF]FLDU
  HCAJ]LEYF] (Ht lr HE])    J hcajtlerft l` kcss thjd :3% ejd rcsukt fd EJYMFJE
Wjebcm Eckk Plkuac (WEP) @JFKSYC
 Crythrleytcs Plkuac @rjetfld (CP@)    j hcajtlerft l` lvcr 07% ajy rcsukt fd UWLD]JDCLSU
 Plkuac Wcrecdtjnc (%) l` Ycm Ikllm Eckks IKLLM ES]]FDN
 Plkuac Wcrecdtjnc (%) l` Ycm Ikllm Eckks fd IKLLM.
  Ft fs dlrajkky jilut =3% `lr acd & =7% `lr wlacd. AFEYL AC]HLM
  Fdtcnrjk pjrt l` elapkctc ikllm eludt.   Hcpjrfdfzcm Ejpfkkjry ]uic - ejpfkkj jttrjetfld (>. 3 aa X
:. 7 lr :. 9 aa)
]HC HCAJ]LEYF]    Ucjkcm wfth j EKJV (Ucjk cjsc2 erftlscjk, erftlejps,
HE] - Plkuac l` pjebcm YCM eckks(PWYE)  pkjstfe fd )
  4YEP jt thc ilttla l` thc tuic   Ecdtrf`unc fd AFEYLECD]YF@SNC (:7, 777 tl :9, 777
  4Dl. l` aa. l` pjebcm rcm eckks/:77 YWA)
 SUC@SKDCUU   mfrcet rcjmfdn mcvfec lr wfth ejkfpcr
  4:. 7 Jislkutc fdmfecs/eldstjdts
  49. 7 Ylunh Zujkfty Eldtrlk Zucstfld? ^hjt fs thc elrrcet lrmcr fd j hcajtlerft tuic f` ajkjrfjk
  45. 7 Iu``y eljt-rlunh fmcj l` ^IE E].
 
 pjjrjjsftcs jrc prcscdt<


4=. 7 Iu``y eljt-sacjrs
 Saved of 13
 J. Ft lr Yfdn, Ajturc ]rlphlzlftcs, Uehfzldts, Njactleytcs
1 I.  Search document
Njactleytcs, Uehfzldts, Ajturc ]rlplzlftcs, Yfdn
HCAJ]LEYF] ]SIC Embed Share @lras (Faajturc ]rlphlzlftcs)
  WKJUAJ E. Uehfzldts, Njactleytcs, Ajturc ]rlphlzlftcs, Faajturc

Related titles   - 33% l` tltjk ikllm vlkuac ]rlplzlftcs


  - 6:% wjtcr 
  - >% Ikllm Wrltcfds (`firfdlncd, jkiuafd,, nkliukfd) KVALNYJ
  - 9% Dutrfcdts (Jafdl jefms, sunjr, kfpfms)    ^hfeh fs `ludm jt thc HFNHCU] WJY] l` thc whftc ikllm eckk
  - Hlraldcs (crythrlplfctfd, fdsukfd, cte. ) kjycr<
  - Ckcetrlkytcs (slmfua,Wltjssfua,ejkefua, cte. )    ^hfeh fs `ludm jt thc KL^CU] WJY] l` thc whftc ikllm eckk
 ECKKSKJY ELAWLDCD]U kjycr<
  - =3% l` ]ltjk Ikllm Plkuac
  -IS@@V ELJ] - ^hftc Ikllm Eckks (>777-6777 pcr aaT5 ^hjt fs thc alst jeeurjtc ajdujk acthlm l` mctcrafdfdn pjebcm
l` ikllm ikllm vlkuac & shlukm ic uscm whcdcvcr `cjsfikc<
  - Wkjtckcts (937, 777 pcr aaT l` ikllm J. A fe rlh ca jt le rf
  - YCM IKLLM ECKKU (YIEs) - jilut 3, 777, 777 pcr I. ^ fdt rl ic A ct hl m
aaT5 l` ikllm. E. Hjmcd Acthlm

SUCU L@ IS@@V ELJ] DLYAJK PJKSCU

:. a jr bc m kcublpcdfj  Yc`crcdec Pjkucs?
9. kcubcafj :. jt ifrth … =3 tl 06%
5. mctcrafdjtfld l` ajkfndjdt eckks 9. : ycjr … 9>-==%
=. Mctcrafdjtfld l` K.C. Eckks 5. ^lacd … 50-=8%
3. ACNJKLIKJU]U fd pcrdfeflus jdcafj =. ^lacd … 58-=9%
0. Whjnleytcm pjthlncdfe aferllrnjdfsas 3. Acd … =7-33%
0. Acd … =9-5-=8%
KJVCYU @LYACM?
  WKJUAJ, Iu``y eljt (Wkjtckcts & ^IEs)

   j Elapkctc Ikllm Eludt (EIE) ajy hlw fdercjscm
  Wjebcm eckks (DYIE, Yctfes, YIE)
 rctfeukleytcs, j sfnd l` fdercjscm rcm ikllm eckk prlmuetfld, &
  Jdtfeljnukjdts ( H C M)
 mcercjscm hcalnklifd & hcajtlerft. ]hc tcra "dld-hcrcmftjry 
sphcrleytlsfs" fs leejsfldjkky uscm.
 YSKC L@ ]HYCC (5) - jppkfcs Dlraleytfe Dlralehrlafe    Fd ncdcrjk, pjtfcdts wfth sfebkc eckk mfscjsc hjvc hajtlerfts
 Jdcafj thjt jr rlunhky hjk` thc dlrajk vjkuc.
  7 afkkfld YIE X 5 1 6 n/mk l` HnI
    Wjtfcdts wfth Hcalnklifd UE mfscjsc (whcrc ldc l` thc ictj
  7 n[mk l` Hni X 5 1 9> vlk. 3% l` Het
 nklifd nccs elmcs `lr hcalnklifd U & thc lthcr `lr thc vjrfjdt,

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hcalnklifd E) hjvc hfnhcr hcajtlerfts thjd thlsc wfth
hlalzynlus Hi UU mfscjsc.
   ]hc hcajtlerfts l` pjtfcdts wfth Hi UE mfscjsc rud fd klw-tl
afm-thfrtfcs.
   ]hc hcajtlerft fs DLYAJK `lr thc pclpkc wfth sfebkc eckk
trjft.
ULSYEC L@ CYYLYU
   ]hc ikllm? jdtfeljnukjdt rjtfl usfdn CM]J.
   Cxecssfvc CM]J wfkk ejusc j `jkscky mcercjscm hcajtlerft
muc tl shrfdbjnc l` thc ikllm eckks.
   Kfqufm jdtfeljnukjdts, sueh js slmfua eftrjtc & hcpjrfd
ajy ejusc `jkscky mcercjscm hcajtlerfts whcd th prlpcr
ikllm ? jdtfeljnukjdt rjtfl fs dlt,ajfdtjfdcm iy mfkutfld l` thc
sjapkc.
I-]hjkjsscafj
   JDCAFJ fs scvcrc ? Hni 97 tl 57 n/K. Hcajtlerft jdm YIE
eludt jrc jksl mcercjscm hcdec thc fdmfecs AEP, AEH &
AEHE jrc jkk mcercjscm, thc YM^ fs fdercjscm.
   ]hc alrphlklny fs scvcrc hyplehrlafe aferleytfe wfth
ajrbc jdfsleytlsf & plfbfkleytlsfs.
ULSYEC L@ CYYLYU ?
:. U]JUFU (Hcaleldccdtrjtfld)
9. Klss l` Ikllm (jjeutc hcalrrhhjnc)
5. J `t cr ] rj jds `u sf ld (WEP, Wkjsaj)
=. P fnl rlu s Cxc re fsc (ft mcpcdms)
3. Wcrflm l` Yceuaicdey
0. J`tcr Acjks
C@@CE] L@ JCYLIFE CXCYEFUC
   Jcrlife cxcrefsc ejd jktcr thc duaicr l` rcm ikllm eckks fd
scvcrjk wjys.
   Fd ncdcrjk, cdmurjdec trjfdfdn fdercjscs thc duaicr l`
rcm ikllm eckks.
   hlwcvcr, fd slac ejscs, cxcrefsc ejd jksl kcjm tl thcfr
mcstruetfld jdm thcrc`lrc MCEYCJUC L@
HCAJ]LEYF].
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 Saved    ]hc vjkucs l` hcalnklifd, hcajtlerft, Crythrleytcs,
Embed Share
Kcubleytcs, &Wkjtckcts fdercjsc wfth thc ehjdncs l` thc
ilmy plsftfld `rla rceuaicdt tl sfttfdn & tl crcet
1 of 13
 plsftfld.
Related titles
   thc ehjdncs jrc muc tl j rcvcrsfikc HCALeldecdtrjtfld
& rcmfstrfiutfld l` thc ikllm.
   ]hc NYCJ]CU] fdercjsc fs l` thc dcutrlphfks whfeh fs
prlijiky muc tl alifkfzjtfld l` thc pllk l` dcutrlphfks
whfeh jrc dcjrcst tl thc vjseukjr wjkk, thc prlecss icfdn
pjrjkkck tl thc prlecss l` hcaleldecdtrjtfld.
C@@CE] L@ ACJKU (Ycscjreh)
   ]hc rcm ikllm eckk eludt, hcalnklifd eldecdtrjtfld,
hcajtlerft kcvck, & pkjtckct eludt MCEYCJUC 9 HLSYU
J@]CY ACJK ELDUSAW]FLD.
   thc KVAWHLEV]CU DSAICY mcercjscm j`tcr thc `frst &
sceldm hlur `lkklwfdn acjk eldsaptfld
   thc duaicr l` dcutrlphfks hjm fdercjscm : & 9 hlurs
J@]CY @LLM FD]JBC (W1.775 & W1.770, rcspcetfvcky)
FDEYCJUC HE]
MCDNSC @CPCY, j hfnh hcajtlerft fs j mjdncr sfnd l` jd
fdercjscm rfsb l` mcdnuc Uhleb Uydmrlac.
  WLKVEV]HCAFJ vcrj9 (WP), j aycklprlkf`crjtfvc
mfslrmcr fd whfeh thc ildc ajrrlw prlmuecs cxecssfvc
duaicrs l` rcm ikllm eckks, fs jsslefjtcm wfth ckcvjtcm
hcajtlerft.
EHYLDFE LIU]YSE]FPC WSKALDJYV MFUCJUC 5
(ELWM) & lthcr pukaldjry eldmftflds jsslefjtcm wfth
HVWLXFJ ajy ckfeft jd fdercjscm prlmuetflds l` rcm ikllm
eckks.
   ]hfs fdercjsc fs acmfjtcm iy thc fdercjscm kcvcks l`
crythrlplfctfd iy thc bfmdcys fd rcspldsc tl hyplxfj.
^hjt fs MCDNSC UHLEB UVDMYLAC< Bdlwd js MH@
Mcdnuc Uhleb Uydmrlac fs j sydmrlac muc tl thc
mcdnuc vfrus thjt tcdms tl j``cet ehfkmrcd udmcr :7,
ejusfdn pjfd, hcalrrhjnc (ikccmfdn) & efreukjtlry
elkkjpsc (Uhleb)
  Ft stjrts jiruptky wfth ?
:. HFNH eldtfdulus `cvcr 
9. Hcjmjehc
5. Ycspfrjtlry & fdtcstfdjk syaptlas wfth slrc
thrljt, elunh, djuscj, vlaftfdn, &
jimlafdjk pjfd.
UHLEB leeurs j`tcr 9 tl 0 mjys wfth summcd elkkjpsc,
ellk ekjaay cxtrcaftfcs, wcjb thrcjm puksc, & ikucdcss
jrludm thc aluth (efreuajk eyjdlsfs)
]hcrc fs ikccmfdn wfth cjsy irufsfdn, ikllm splts fd thc
sbfd ( pctcehfjc), spfttfdn up ikllm (hcajtcacsfs), ikllm
fd thc stllk (ackcdj), ikccmfdn nuas & dlscikccms
(cpfstjxfs)
Wdcualdfj & hcjrt fd`kjaajtfld (aylejrmftfs) ajy
ic prcscdt.
]hc alrtjkfty fs 0% tl 57%. alst mcjths leeur fd
ehfkmrcd. Fd`jdts udmcr j ycjr l` jnc jrc cspcefjkky jt rfsb
l` mcjth.
Ft fs jksl ejkkcm Whfkfppfdc lr Uluthcjst Jsfjd
Hcalrrhjnfe @cvcr..
FDEYCJUC L@ HCAJ]LEYF]
Mchymrjtfld, hcajtlerft fs ckcvjtcm
  Ejpfkkjry Kcjb Uydmrlac - Cpfslmfe Kcjbjnc l`
Wkjsaj lut l` thc efreukjtlry systca.
Ukccp Jpdcj hjs iccd bdlwd tl ejusc ckcvjtcm
hcajtlerft kcvcks.
 Jdjilkfe Jdmrlncdfe Utcrlfms (JJU) usc ejd jksl
fdercjsc thc jaludt l` YIEs &, thcrc`lrc, fapjet thc
hcajtlerft, fd pjrtfeukjr thc elapludms kfbc?
 ilkmcdldc &
 lxyacthlkldc
^hjt fs UKCCW JWDCJ<
   fs j typc l` skccp mfslrmcr ehjrjetcrfzcm iy pjuscs fd
ircjthfdn lr fdstjdecs l` shjkklws lr fd`rcqucdt ircjthfdn

murfdn skccp.
 Search document
  Cjeh pjusc fd ircjthfdn, ejkkcm jd Jpdcj, ejd kjst `rla jt
kcjst tcd sceldms tl scvcrjk afdutcs, & ajy leeur 3 tl

57 tfacs lr alrc jd hlur.

4]hc Acjd Elrpuseukjr Plkuac (AEP) j& thc Ycm Eckk
Mfstrfiutfld ^fmth (YM^) ejd ic quftc hckp`uk fd cvjkujtfdn j
klwcr-thjd-dlrajk hcajtlerft, icejusc ft ejd hckp thc ekfdfefjd
mctcrafdc whcthcr ikllm klss lr Ehrldfe lr Jeutc
4 Jeutc ikllm klss typfejkky MLCU DL] ajdf`cst js j ehjdnc l`
hcajtlerft, sfdec hcajtlerft fs sfapky j acjsurc l` hlw aueh l` thc
ikllm vlkuac fs ajmc up l` rcm ikllm eckks.
*AEP sfzc l` thcc rcm eckks
  * YM^ fjj s rckjtfvc acjsurc l` thc vjrfjtfld fd sfzc l` thc rcm
eckk plpukjtfld
4j klw hcajtlerft wfth j klw EP wfth j hfnh YM^ sunncsts j
EHYLDFE FYLD-MC@FEFCD] JDCAFJ rcsuktfdn fd jidlrajk
hcalnklifd Uydthcsfs murfdn crythrlplfcsfs.
4Ldc udft l` pjebcm rm ikllm eckks wfkk ckcvjtc thc hcajtlerft iy
jilut 5%.
KL^ HCAJ]LEYF]
:. FDJMCZSJ]C frld fdtjbc l` fd`jdts
9. Yjpfm Nrlwth l` ehfkmrcd murfdn whfeh thc frld jvjfkjikc
ejddlt bccp up wfth thc mcajdms `lr nrlwfdn rmm eckk
ajss.
5. ikllm klls murfdn acdstrujtfld
=. pr cn djd t wl acd , fd whla thc nrlwfdn `ctus ercjtcs j
hfnh mcajdm `lr frld.
3. Wjtfcdts wfth ehrldfe bfmdcy mfscjsc whlsc bfmdcys dl
kldncr scercts su``fefcdt kcvck l` thc hlraldc
crythrlplfctfd thjt prlaltcs YIE prlkf`crjtfld.
^hjt fs thc rlkc l` cryhtrlplfctfd fd thc IA< 
Crythrlplfctfd prcvcdts thc mcjth l` eckks fd thc crythrleytc
eckk kfdc fd thcc ildc ajrrlw.
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   ]hcrc`lrc, crythrlplfctfd jkklws thlsc eckks tl eldtfduc tl :. klwcst fd dcwilrd

ajturc, cxft thc ildc ajrrlw jdm icelac YIEs. 9. fdercjscm fd prcndjdey j`tcr 5 aldths
5. fdercjscm fd lkm jnc
CUY HFU]LYV
CUY ]CU]FDN hjs kldn iccd uscm fd thc ekfdfejk scttfdn.. CD]YFDUFE @JE]LYU J@@CE]FDN CUY
   Acjsurcacdt l` thc crythrleytc scmfacdtjtfld rjtc wjs `frst :. ]FAC (ld
  stjdmfdn eckks icelac spcrfejk )
mcserficm fd :86> iy thc Wlkfsh Whysfefjd, CMASDM 9. ]CAWCYJ]SYC  
IFCYDJEBF. 5. ]SIC (Mfjactcr,
  Kcdnth, Wlsftfld)
   Fd :6:8, thc acthlm wjs rc`fdcm iy thc Uwcmfsh =. J D]F ELJ NSK JD] U (lvcrjdtfeljnukjtfld)
Wjthlklnfst YLICY] UJDDL @. & thc fdtcrdfst JK@@ 3. MFKS]FLD  
PFKHCKA JKICY]UULD ^CU]CYNYCD. 0. F DHCY CD] CY YLYU - @fkkfdn thc tuic, Ycjmfdn l`
   Vcjrs kjtcr, thc elrdcrstldc CUY ]CU]FDN acthlm fs stfkk Ycsukts
rc`crrcm tl js thc ^cstcrnrcd acthlm, & ft fs thc
rcelaacdmcm CUY tcstfdn acthlm l` thc Fdtcrdjtfldjk MYSNU thjt wfkk fdercjsc CUY
Elaafttcc `lr Utjdmjrmfzjtfld fd thc HCAJ]LKLNV. Mruns ?
   Yc`crcdec rjdncs `lr thc ^cstcrnrcd CUY jrc ijscm ld :. Mcxtrjfd, acthykmlpj (jkmlact)
jnc & scx.  9. Lrjk eldtrjecptfvcs
5. Wcdfefkkjafdc
CUY =. Wrlejfdjafmc
  @JKK l` thc rcm ikllm eckks 3. ]hclphykkfdc (jsthaj, ELWM)
USUWCDUFLD U]JIFKF]V l` thc YIEs 0. Hcpjrfd
PCKLEF]V l` crythrleytc scmfacdtjtfld. >. Pftjafd J
 dld-spcef`fe acjsurcacdt uscm tl mctcet & aldftlr jd
fd`kjaajtlry rcspldsc tl fdoury (jeutc phjsc rcspldsc) Jilut CUY prlecmurc
 dld spcef`fe ajrbcr l` udmcrkyfdn fd`kjaajtfld. CUY shlukm ic pcr`lracm jt rlla tcapcrjturc.
CUY shlukm dlt ic mctcrafdcm jt j tcapcrjturc icklw :8
mcnrcc E icejusc l` ehjdncs fd Crythrleytcs acairjdc,
thfs wfkk mcercjsc thc CUY.
pcr`lrajdec l` thc prlecmurc jt j tcapcrjturc
CUY js FD@KJAAJ]LYV AJYBCY cxeccmfdn :8 mcnrcc E wfkk prlmuec `jkscky fdercjscm
   ft fs l`tcd uscm tl serccd pjtfcdts wfth `cvcr l` rcsukts.
udmctcrafdcm lrfnfd, jrthrftfs, ausekc pjfds, & lthcr
vjnuc syaptlas. U]JNCU L@ CUY
:. Fdftfjk Wcrflm l` Jnnrcnjtfld (kjn phjsc 2 Ylukcjux
:. CUY ]cstfdn phjsc )
9. Yhcuajjtlfm jrthrftfs 9. Wcrflm l` @jstfdn Ucttkfdn (Yjpfm phjsc)
5. ]uicreuklsfs 5. @fdjk Wcrflm l` Wjebfdn (Uklw Whjsc)
=. Uystcafe Kupus Crythcajtlsfs
3. ]l mfjndlsc & aldftlr nfjdt eckk jrtcrftfs & plkyayjknfj AC]HLMU
rhcuajtfej.  J. Ajerl Acthlms
0. Jd ckcvjtcm CUY  ^fdtrlic & Kjdmsicrn Acthlm - M.L.
>. Jutlfaaudc mfscjsc
8. Jdcafj Jmvjdtjncs
6. Fd`cetfld
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alrc jeeurjtc
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:7. Ajkfndjdey 1  Search document

  alrc scdsftfvc whcd thc CUY FU KL^
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 ]CYAU
Embed Share   Ycqufrcs j sajkk jaludt l` ikllm.
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  Ufapkc
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 JES]C WHJUC YCJE]JD]  - j suistjdec fd thc ikllm thjt
Related titles
 

DL MFKS]FLD l` ikllm fs rcqufrcm

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fdercjscs js j rcspldsc tl jd jeutc eldmftfld sueh js j
fd`cetfld, fdoury, iurds cte.   HE] ejd ic mctcrafdcm
YLSKCJX - thc stjebfdn l` YIEs, ejuscm iy cxtrj lr   Jkklws elrrcetfld l` jdcafj usfdn elrrcetfld ehjrt


jidlrajk prltcfds fd thc ikllm thjt mcercjsc thc dlrajk Uacjrs ejd ic ajmc fd thc Iu``y eljt
mfstjdec rcm eckks ajfdtjfd ictwccd cjeh lthcr.   Aferlifkfruifd ejd ic mldc fd thc WKJUAJ.

@JE]LYU FD@KSCDEFDN CUY FD]YFDUE @JE]LYU ^CU]CYNYCD AC]HLM - 5. 8% ]UE

4FD]YFDUFE   Utrjfnht pfpcttc 57 ea X 9. 3 aa


:. duaicr l` YIEs - jkiuafd   MFKS]FLD l` ikllm 7. 3 + =. 3 ak.

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9. sfzc l` YIEs - ehklkcstcrlk 

5. shjpc l` YIEs - kcefthfd ALMF@FCM ^CU]CYNYCD AC]HLM - CM]J
=. prltcfds - pkjsaj vfselsfty  9. 7 ak CM]J jdtfeljnukjtcm ikllm + 7. 3 ak l` 5. 8%
]UE lr 7. 3 ak l` DUU
@firfdlncd - 55 X nrcjtcr 
   Jkphj : - :8 X nrcjtcr  NYJWHFE & ES]KCY - 5. 7% slm. Eftrjtc
   Jkphj 9 - 5 X nrcjtcr    ]SIC-- 7-37 aa, 7-8
 7-:7aa - acd & wlacd
  Njaaj nkliukfds
   thc almf`fcm wcstcrnrcd acthlm uscs CM]J js thc
FDEYCJUFDN @JE]LYU? (LEJ@) jdtfeljnukjdt fdstcjm l` slmfua eftrjtc
:. fdercjscm Lxyncd    `lr ilth prlecmurcs, thc rcsukts jrc cxprcsscm js afkkfactcrs
9. fdercjscm Ehlkcstcrlk  pcr hlur (aa/hr)
5. Fdercjscm Jkphj kliukfd whfkc thc wcstcrnrcd acthlm fs j UFAWKC ]CU] tl pcr`lra
=. Fdercjscm @firfdlncd ajdujkky, afdlr tcehdfejk prlikcas ejd ejusc
3. Jeutc fd`cetfld CYYLDCLSU ]CU] rcsukts.
ELAALD CYYLYU
MCEYCJUFDN @JE]LYU (EJKD)    Mfkutfld ejuscm iy KFZSFM Jdtfeljnukjdt
:. fdercjscm Ejrild mflxfmc (slmfua eftrjtc slkutfld),
9. Fdercjscm Jkiuafd   Afxfdn crrlrs
5. Fdercjscm Kcefthfd   hjdmkfdn crrlrs sueh js tfktcm tuics &
=. fdercjscm Duekclprltcfd vfirjtflds leeurrfdn murfdn thc scmfacdtjtfld
pcrflm.
WHVUFLKLNFEJK PJYFJ]FLD ?

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9. Kjdmju Acthlm - 3% U.E.

JS]LAJ]CM UVU]CAU-^CU]CYNYCD * ]uic - :9 ea X : aa fd wfmth
 Utrceb CUY-Jutl Wkus, j :7- plsftfld jutlajtcm icdeh 5. Uafth Acthlm - 3% U.E.
tlp CUY jdjkyzcr. *:-3 aa/hr - acd
   thfs fdstruacdt uscs fd`rjrcm kfnht thjt jeeurjtcky   *:-8 aa/hr -wlacd
acjsurcs thc scmfacdtjtfld rjtc l` Crythrleytcs fd :. 9 ak
CUY - Pjeuua tuics thjt jrc suppkfcm scpjrjtcky. FD]CYWYC]J]FLDU
:. UCX  
CUY JS]LAJ]FLD (Utrceb CUY Jutl Wkus) 9. JNC ? wfth fdercjsfdn jnc CUY-hfnhcr 
:. thc vjeuua tuics jkklw mfrcet-mrjw elkkcetfld 5. UWCEF@FEF]V - dld spcef`fe rcspldsc
9. wfth aykjr sj`cty eljtfdn whfeh prlvfmc fapjet =. Mf``crcdtfjk Mfjndlsfs
rcsfstjdec & wfkk eldtjfd nkjss & ikllm spcefacds fd thc
cvcdt l` ircjbjnc. WHVUFLKLNFEJK @JE]LYU
5. Ycsukts jrc acjsurcm fd aa/hr (almf`fcm wcstcrnrcd :. Vludn ehfkmrcd
acthlm) & jrc jvjfkjikc fd 57 afds 2 thcrc`lrc, thc 9. Wrcndjdey  
jdjkyzcr ejd hjdmkc 97 sjapkcs/hr. 5. Acdstrujtfld
=. 07 ycjrs lkm  
JMPJD]JNC L@ CUY JS]LAJ]FLD
:. 68% elrrckjtfld wfth thc ajdujk almf`fcm wcstcrnrcd WJ]HLKLNFEJK FD]CYWYC]J]FLDU
acthlm.
9. ]hc fdstruacdt `cjturcs rjdmla jeecss, j iufkt-fd FDEYCJUCM CUY
 prfdtcr, sjapkc FM ejpjifkfty, & j :3 afds :. Jetfvc fd`kjaajtfld, fd`cetfld & tlxcafj
WYCMFE]FLD ALMC. 9. Eckk lr tfssuc mjajnc
5. ]hc CUY-Jutl Wkus fdelrplrjtcs 5. Ucvcrc jdcafj
=. Jetfvc tuicreuklsfs & syphfkfs
j. qujkfty eldtrlk systca `lr aldftlrfdn thc 3. Ajkfndjdey
kjilrjtlry's qujkfty eldtrlk prlnrja & thc Mjtj/ejd 0. Yhcuajtfe, nldlrrhcj, & nluty jrthrftfs
ic mlwdkljmcm tl j kjilrjtlry fd`lrajtfld systca. >. E lk kj ncd m fsc js c
   ]hfs qujkfty eldtrlk `cjturcs l` thc CUY-Jutl Wkus MCEYCJUCM CUY
ckfafdjtcs thc dccm tl ajdujkky rcelrm mjfky ruds. :. Mcercjscm @FIYFDLNCD fd fd`jdts
9. Wlkyeythcafj
  ELD]YLK UJAWKCU jrc stlrcm fd fdmfvfmujk kln `fkcs 5. U febk c Ec kk Jd ca fj
thjt hlkm up tl :77 sjapkcs pcr kcvck. Utjtfstfejk rcplrts =. Eldncstfvc Hcjrt @jfkurc
jrc ncdcrjtcm wfth thc `lkklwfdn `cjturcs2 stjdmjrm 3. Ujkfeykjtcs, Elrtfsldc, JE]H l` thc jdtcrflr klic l` thc
mcvfjtfld, pcrecdt elc``fefcdt l` vjrfjtfld, acjd, & pftuftjry nkjdm ejusc j prlapt mcercjscm l` thc rjtc.
hfnhcst & klwcst rcsukt. 0. H fnh Ikl lm Uu nj r

Acehjtrldfes SUJ KKE ( Cjst prlvfdec, YF) l``crs thc _UY

UtjYYscm Elapjet, j icdehtlp jutlajtcm CUY
jdjkyzcr
Hcaj]cehdlklnfcs (Kcijdld, DO) l``crs thc CUY U]J]
WKSU jdjkyzcr, j sceldm - ncdcrjtfld jutlajtcm scm
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  acjsurcacdt l` elapjetfld jksl ejkkcm MFUWCYUFLD
U]YCUU l` thc YIEs
ft fs fdvcrscky rckjtcm tl thc zctj pltcdtfjk l` thc eckks whcd
suspcdmcm fd pjrtfeukjr pkjsaj udmcr eldsfmcrjtfld. 
   thc tcst fs j dld-spcef`fe fdmfejtlr l` fd`cetflus mfscjsc
& fd`kjaajtlry stjtcs, rc`kcets j Jeutc phjsc rcsfstjdt

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rjtc jdjkyzcr thjt uscs C_-UJ@C Aykjr-wrjppcm, sck`- 
 Saved scjkfdn jdjkysfs tuics. 1 of 13  Search document
kcvcks, serccd `lr elkkjncd mfscjsc, rhcuajtlfm jrthrftfs.

@SKKV JS]LAJ]CM JDJKV_CY

Embed Share FD]CYWYC]J]FLD ?
 FDEYCJUCM 2
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4Dl rcjncdts rcqufrcm - dl wjstc


  4mfrcet usc l` prfajry CM]J tuics - dl eldtjet l` ikllm :. Fd`cetfld
   thcrc`lrc thc CM]J tuic ejd ic uscm udehjdncm `lr 9. Fd`kjaajtfld
`urthcr jdjkysfs j`tcr rythrleytc scmfacdtjtfld. 5. ]fssuc dcerlsfs
   Elapjtfikc wfth jkk thc elaaldky uscm CM]J tuics fd th =. Ajerl nkliukfds (fdercjscm)
ajrbct.
Whltlactrfe fd`rjrcm (637da) rcjmfdn prcvcdts  MCEYCJUCM ?
fdtcr`crcdec ejuscm iy kfpfms lr ifkfruifd fd thc sjapkc.  Ufebkc Eckk Mfscjsc
 Uphcrleytlsfs
^FD]YLIC Acthlm ?  ]hc tcst CUY, _UY, &/lr EYW jrc uscm fd thc
   ]hc wfdtrlic tuic fs sajkkcr fd mfjactcr thjd thc mf``crcdtfjtfld l` Jdcafj `rla frld mc`fefcdey.
^cstcrnrcd tuic & ldky :77 aa kldn. CM]J
 Jdtfeljnukjtcm ikllm wfthlut cxtrj mfkucdt fs mrjwd fdtl thc _C]J UCMFACD]J]FLD YJ]FL
tuic, jdm thc rjtc l` `jkk l` rcm ikllm eckks fs acjsurcm fd :. Mcpcdmcdt ld thc elde. L` `firfdlncd & njaaj nkliukfds
afkkfactcrs j`tcr : hlur. 9. Jdtfeljnukjdt - CM]J
   ]hc shlrtcr elkuad ajbcs thfs acthlm KCUU scdsftfvc 5. _C]J@SNC - elapjetfld/mfspcrsc l` Crythrleytcs
thjd thc ^cstcrnrcd acthlm icejusc th ajxfajk =. UWCEFJK ]SIC - >3aa X 9-5 aa lutcr, 9. 7 - fddcr 
 plssfikc jidlrajk vjkuc fs KL^CY. hlwcvcr, thfs acthlm 3. ECD]YF@SNC - = afd lr =3 sce (= tfacs)
fs alrc prjetfejk `lr mcaldstrjtfld purplscs.
   ]hc dlrajk scmfacdtjtfld rjtc (^CU]CYNYCD Acthlm) _UY @LYASKJC
*AJKC - 7-:3 afkkfactcrs pcr hlur   
  *@CAJKC - 7-97 afkkfactcrs pcr hlur - _UY 1 Het (%) X :77 lvcr _et (%)
   ]hc scmfacdtjtfld rjtc ejd ic skfnhtky alrc ckcvjtcm fd thc 17. =3/7. 8> 1 39%
ckmcrky.
4=7-37 vlk.% - Yc`crcdec Pjkuc
KFDUCDACFCY AC]HLM (. >% ]UE) 43:-3=% - ilrmcrkfdc
  Kcdnth l` tuic - 7-03 aa

433-36% - afkm
  537-077afd - acd 2 577-077afd - wlacd

407-0=% - almcrjtc
403 & hfnhcr - ajrbcm fdercjscm.
AFEYL AC]HLMU
:. Hckkfnc Plkkacr lr Erfstj Acthlm - 3% U.E.
* 8-:7 aa/hr - ehfkmrcd
*0-8 aa/hr - jmukts

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