Acporck Hcsus

@E\C]F]F^ B MCACD HE@CDFACK

 Mfciuhck ^ebcjcf ^cac`

^cac` ^ctu ]ujcs Mcac
Mcacd
d Dekicackf
 Fkterksfp mf R^UM @cif Cbmoea
Cbmoea Dcmifm Bctoe Hcbupctek
Hcbupctek Bctckj`crf

Mfsusuk Oae` 9
mr. Kfnhy

\edbfdbfkj9
mr. @.C Bumf \utrc, ^p.OJ

\ekmcdpfkj 9
mr. D. Cagfck Kcsfok
mr. Mfkcfaf Dcfaf

R^UM @CIF CBMOEA DCMIFM BC]OE

HCBU\C]EK BC]CKJ@CRF
\ROWFK^F ICDBF
2<36
 

HC]C \EKJCK]CR 

\uif mck syuhur hepcmc Caac` ^Z] yckj teac` deafdpc`hck rc`dct mck hcrukfc
 Kyc se`fkjjc acporck hcsus 
hcsus  yck
yckj
j berium
beriumua
ua ‑@epctf
‑@epctftfs
tfs B mcacd
mcacd He`cdf
He`cdfack—
ack— fkf mcpct
mcpct
 pekuafs seaescfhck.

]erfdc hcsf` pekuafs uncphck hepcmc seduc pf`ch yckj teac` bckych dedbcktu
dekyusuk dchcac` fkf, h`ususkyc hepcmc mr. @.C Bumf \utrc ^p.OJ seachu pedbfdbfkj
hedumfck mr. D. Cagfck Kcsfok
Kcsfok mck mr. Mfkcfaf Dcfaf seachu pekmcdpfkj
pekmcdpfkj mck iujc hepcmc
rehck-rehck mohter Fkterksfp.

\ekuafs dekycmcrf sepeku`kyc bc`wc dchcac` fkf dcsf` icu` mcrf hesedpurkcck.
Oae` hcrekc ftu, pekuafs dekj`crcphck hrftfh mck scrck sebcjcf dcsuhck uktuh perbcfhck
medf hesedpurkcck dchcac` fkf. ^edojc dchcac` fkf mcpct berdckgcct bcjf hftc seduc
mc
mcac
acd
d dekc
dekcdb
dbc`
c` pe
pekj
kjet
etc`
c`uc
uck
k mc
mck
k pe
pedc
dc`c
`cdc
dck
k te
teru
rutc
tcdc
dc te
tekt
ktck
ckj
j @epc
@epctf
tftf
tfss B mc
mcacd
acd
He`cdfack

Ducrc Buafck, 2: Kovedber 2<36

\ekuafs

3
 

BCB F

\EKMC@UAUCK

\ekychft `epctftfs derupchck dcscac` hese`ctck dcsycrchct mf kejcrc berhedbckj

mf mukfc, terdcsuh mf Fkmokesfc. Wfrus `epctftfs B (W@B) teac` dekjfkgehsf seiudac` 2
dfaycr orckj mf mukfc mck sehftcr 2=< iutc derupchck pekjfmcp vfrus `epctftfs B hrokfs.
Fkmoke
Fkmokesfc
sfc der
derupc
upchck
hck kej
kejcrc
crc mek
mekjck
jck pek
pekjfm
jfmcp
cp @ep
@epctf
ctftfs
tfs B ko
kodor
dor 2 ter
terbesc
bescrr sesu
sesumc`
mc`
Dyckdcr mfcktcrc kejcrc-kejcrc ckjjotc Z@O ^ECR (^out`
( ^out` Ecst Csfck Rejfok).
Rejfok ). ^ehftcr 
2> iutc pekmumuh Fkmokesfc teac` terfkgehsf @epctftfs B. Dekurut `csfa Rfshesmcs 2<<:,
`csfa
`csfa ped
pederfh
erfhscck
scck Bfo
Bfodem
demfs
fs 3<.
3<.>63
>63 scdp
scdpea
ea seru
serud
d yck
yckj
j mfp
mfperfh
erfhsc,
sc, pre
prevca
vcaeks
eksff @Bs
@BsCj
Cj
 posftfg 6.=% yckj bercrtf mfcktcrc 3< pekmumuh mf Fkmokesfc termcpct seorckj pekmerftc
@epctftfs B vfrus.3,2
Ckjhc pekuacrck sencrc vertfhca mcrf fbu pekjfmcp @epctftfs B hepcmc bcyfkyc nuhup
tfkjjf. Bermcscrhck pekeaftfck bebercpc rudc` schft mf Fkmokesfc, prevcaeksf @BsCj pcmc
fbu `cdfa berhfscr 2,3 „ >5,3%. Resfho tfkjjf ter`cmcp @epctftfs B termcpct pcmc ckch 
yckj mfac`frhck mcrf fbu pekmerftc @eptftfs B, pcsckjck pekmerftc @epctftfs B, orckj yckj
serfkj
serfkj berjcktf
berjcktf pcsckjck
pcsckjck sex, fki
fkientf
entfok
ok mru
mruj
j use
user 
r , hok
hoktch
tch seru
serudc`
dc` mek
mekjck
jck pek
pekmer
merftc
ftc,,
 pekmerftc `edomfcafsfs, peheric hese`ctck, petujcs acborctorfud mck berhukiukj he
wfacyc` mekjck ekmedfsftcs tfkjjf.3
\ekckjckck @epctftfs B mf Fkmokesfc cmcac` dcscac` yckj rudft mck dedbutu`hck
hoormf
hoormfkcs
kcsff mcr
mcrff bck
bckych
ych pf`
pf`ch.
ch. ^ua
^uaftk
ftkyc
yc pek
pekckj
ckjckc
ckck
k fkf ckt
cktcrc
crc acf
acfk
k mfs
mfsebc
ebcbhc
bhck
k hcr
hcrekc
ekc
tfkjjfkyc prevcaeksf @epctftfs B mf Fkmokesfc, sfgct vfrus @epctftfs B yckj sckjct fkgehsfus,
mck hurckjkyc pekjetc`uck mck hepemuafck dcsycrchct tektckj @epctftfs B. \ekckjckck
@epctft
@epctftfs
fs B mf Fkm
Fkmoke
okesfc
sfc senc
sencrc
rc udu
udud
d mcp
mcpct
ct mfb
mfbcjf
cjf dek
dekicm
icmff up
upcyc
cyc ded
dedutu
utuss rck
rcktcf
tcf
 pekuacrck vfrus @epctftfs B mck pekckjckck sencrc tepct pekmerftc @epctftfs B. \edutusck
rcktcf
rcktcf pek
pekuac
uacrck
rck vfr
vfrus
us @ep
@epctf
ctftfs
tfs B bfs
bfscc mfa
mfachu
chuhck
hck senc
sencrc
rc ver
vertfh
tfhca
ca dcu
dcupuk
puk `or
`orfzo
fzoktc
ktca.
a.
\ekckj
\ekckjckc
ckck
k pek
pekmer
merftc
ftc @ep
@epctf
ctftfs
tfs B senc
sencrc
rc tep
tepct,
ct, seac
seacfk
fk ber
berjuk
jukcc ukt
uktuh
uh dek
dekehc
ehck
k ckj
ckjhc
hc
heicmfck sfrosfs mck hckher `ctf, iujc berjukc uktuh deknejc` pekuacrck mekjck ncrc
dekjurckjf tfkjhct fkgehsfusftcs pekmerftc.3

2
 

BCB FF
]FKICUCK \U^]CHC

2.3 @epctftfs B

2.3.3 Etfoaojf

\e
\eky
kyeb
ebcb
cb peky
pekych
chft
ft cmca
cmcac`
c` vfru
vfruss @epc
@epctf
tftf
tfss B (W@B
(W@B)) yc
yckj
kj te
terd
rdcs
csuh
uh gc
gcdf
dfay
ay
@epcmkcvfrus mck beruhurck sckjct henfa (=2kd). W@B derupchck vfrus MKC mck scdpcf
scct fkf termcpc
termcpctt 0 jekotf
jekotfp
p W@B yckj tea
teac`
c` terfme
terfmektf
ktfgfhc
gfhcsf,
sf, ycftu
ycftu jekotf
jekotfp
p C-@.
C-@. W@B
dedfaf
dedfafhf
hf > dorgoa
dorgoaojf
ojf mck dcdpu
dcdpu dekjho
dekjhome
me = iekfs
iekfs cktfje
cktfjek,
k, ycftu
ycftu @BsCj,
@BsCj, @BeCj,
@BeCj,
@BnCj, mck @BxCj.3,2 

Jcdbcr 3. Wfrus @epctftfs B

Bcjf
Bcjfck
ck aucr
aucr Wf
Wfru
russ fkf
fkf term
termfr
frff mcrf
mcrf @BsC
@BsCj
j se
semc
mckj
kjhc
hck
k bc
bcjf
jfck
ck mc
mcac
acd
d cm
cmca
cac`
c`
kuhaeohcpsfm yckj termfrf mcrf @BnCj. Mcacd kuhaeohcpsfm mfmcpcthck home jeketfh W@B
yckj termfrf mcrf MKC uktcf jckmc (moubae
( moubae strckmem ) mekjck pckickj >2<< kuhaeotfmc.
Hetfjc dorgoaojf mcrf W@B ycftu93,2

3. \crtfhea
\crtfhea sgerfs
sgerfs (buact)
(buact) henfa
henfa yckj
yckj paeodo
paeodorgfh
rgfh bermfcd
bermfcdeter
eter 22 kd.
2. \crtfh
\crtfhea
ea berbek
berbektuh
tuh tubuae
tubuaerr ctcu
ctcu gfacde
gfacdekt
kt bermfcde
bermfcdeter
ter 22 kd mekjck
mekjck berbcjcf
berbcjcf dcncd
dcncd
 pckickj cktcrc 5<-25< kd
>. \crtfhea
\crtfhea vfrus `epctftfs
`epctftfs B sekmfrf
sekmfrf bermfcdeter
bermfcdeter =2 kd,
kd, berbektuh
berbektuh sgerfs,
sgerfs, berhuaft
berhuaft rckjhcp
rckjhcp
yckj mfsebut pcrtfhea
pcrtfhea Mcke. \crtfhea
\crtfhea fkf mfckjjcp sebcjcf bcjfck vfrus `epctftfs yckj
fkgehsfus.

>
 

Jcdbcr 2. ]fjc Dorgoaojf W@B

^truht
^truhtur
ur mck orjckf
orjckfscsf
scsf jeketf
jeketfh
h W@B tersusu
tersusuk
k mekjck
mekjck hodpch
hodpch.. Jekod
Jekod W@B
derupc
derupchck
hck jekod
jekod henfa
henfa yckj
yckj berupc
berupc sepcsck
sepcsckj
j rcktcf
rcktcf MKC yckj
yckj berbek
berbektuh
tuh afkjhc
afkjhcrck
rck
me
mekj
kjck
ck pc
pcki
kick
ckj
j rcktc
rcktcff yc
yckj
kj tfmc
tfmch
h scdc
scdc ( pcrtfcaay moubae strckmem ).
). Jekod
Jekod terseb
tersebut
ut
dedpukycf = Opek Recmfkj Grcde (ORG), ycftu jek ^ mck pre-^ yckj dekjhome @BsCj
(A@Bs, D@Bs, mck ^@Bs), jek pre-N mck jek N yckj dekjhome @BeCj mck @BnCj mck
jek \ yckj dekjhome MKC poaydercse sertc jek P yckj dekjhome @BxCj.2

Jcdbcr >. ^truhtur Jekode W@B

Jek
Jek P terse
tersebu
butt be
bergu
rgukj
kjsf
sf dedc
dedcnu
nu eh
ehsp
spre
resf
sf se
seau
auru
ru`
` je
jeko
kod
d vfru
vfruss me
mekj
kjck
ck nc
ncrc
rc
 berfkterchsf pcmc mcerc` jek tertektu pcmc jekod fkckj. Mekjck medfhfck, @BxCj
dedpukycf sfgct trckschtfgctor yckj dukjhfk pektfkj uktuh egfsfeksf repafhcsf W@B.2
Fkgehsf W@B tericmf bfac pcrtfhea utu` W@B ber`csfa dcsuh he mcacd `epctosft,
hedumfck home jeketfh W@B chck dcsuh he mcacd fktf sea `ctf mckh ome jeketfh ftu chck

=
 

dederfktc`hck sea `ctf uktuh dedbuct protefk-protefk yckj derupchck hodpokek W@B.
Icmf, sebekcrkyc vfrus yckj cmc mf mcacd tubu` pekmerftc ftu mfbuct sekmfrf oae` `epctosft
 pekmerftc yckj bersckjhutck mekjck jekod
jekod W@B yckj pertcdc dcsuh sebcjcf netch bfru.2
sebcjcf

2.3.2 ^fhaus Repafhcsf W@B

Repafhcsf cmcac` suctu bektuh chtfvftcs perhedbckjck vfrus mf mcacd sea `ctf yckj
terfkg
terfkgehs
ehsff yckj
yckj mcpct
mcpct berupc
berupc bc`ck-
bc`ck-bc`
bc`ck
ck jekod
jekod mck protef
protefk
k vfrus,
vfrus, yckj
yckj dekyus
dekyusuk
uk
 projeky vfrus mck dekjeaucrhckkyc mcrf sea. Repafhcsf W@B tericmf mf mcacd sea `ctf mck
 berackjsukj deacauf suctu percktcrc RKC. ^fhaus repafhcsf W@B mfbcjf dekicmf bebercpc
tc`cp, ycftu92

c. \ekedpeack (cttcn`dekt 
( cttcn`dekt ) W@B pcmc sea `epctosft. \ekedpeack tersebut mcpct
teri
tericm
cmff me
mekj
kjck
ck pe
perck
rcktc
tcrcc
rcck
k pr
prot
otef
efk
k  pre
 pre-^
-^3,
3, prote
protefk
fk  pre
 pre-^
-^2,
2, mc
mck
k po
poay
ay @C^
@C^
( \oayderfzem
 \oayderfzem @udck ^erud Cabudfk
Cabudfk)) sertc mekjck percktcrc ^@Bs.

Jcdbcr =. Wfrus @epctftfs B dekedpea pcmc sea `ctf mekjck percktcrcck

percktcrcck
poay @^C
 b. W@B dcsuh (peketrcsf) he mcacd `epctosft mekjck dehckfsde ekmosftosfs.
ekmosftosfs.
n. \eaepc
\eaepcsck
sck pcrtfhe
pcrtfheaa nore yckj termfrf
termfrf mcrf @BnCj,
@BnCj, ekzfd
ekzfd poayder
poaydercse
cse mck MKC
W@B he mcacd sftopacsdc. \crtfhea nore tersebut seackiutkyc mftrcksportcsfhck
dekuiu kunaeus `epctosft.
m. Hcre
Hcrekc
kc uh
uhur
urck
ck au
aubc
bckj
kj pc
pcmc
mc mfkm
mfkmfk
fkj
j ku
kunae
naeus
us aebf`
aebf` he
henfa
nfa mcrf pc
pcrt
rtfh
fhea
ea no
nore,
re,
sebeaud dcsuh kunaeus chck tericmf jekode
tericmf  jekode uknoctfkj  (aepcskyc
  (aepcskyc @BnCj), mck
seackiutkyc jekod W@B yckj dcsf` terbektuh pcrtfcaay
terbektuh pcrtfcaay moubae strckmem dcsuh 
he mcacd kunaeus (peketrcsf jekod he mcacd kunaeus).

5
 

e. ^eackiutkyc  pcrtfcaay moubae strckmem   MKC tersebut chck dekjcacdf proses

MKC repcfr  dekicmf
 dekicmf moubae strckmem novcaektay naose nfrnae MKC
nfrnae  MKC (nnn MKC)
g. ]rck
]rcksh
shrf
rfps
psff nnnMK
nnnMKC
C deki
dekicm
cmff pr
prej
ejek
ekod
od RKC
RKC mc
mck
k be
bebe
berc
rcpc
pc desse
dessekj
kjer
er RKC
RKC
(dRKC A@Bs, dRKC D@Bs mck dRKC ^@Bs).
j. \rejek
\rejekod
od RKC mck
mck dessekje
dessekjerr RKC chck heauc
heaucrr mcrf kunaeu
kunaeuss deacauf
deacauf kunaeus
 pore.. ]rcksacsf prejekod RKC mck dessekjer RKC chck dekj`csfahck protefk
 pore
noree (@BnCj
nor (@BnCj),
), @BeCj
@BeCj mck ekzfd
ekzfd poayde
poaydercse
rcse,, semckjh
semckjhck
ck trcksa
trcksacsf
csf dRKC
dRKC
A@Bs, dRKC D@Bs mck dRKC ^@Bs chck dekj`csfahck hodpokek protefk
@BsCj, ycftu acrje protefk 
protefk  (A@Bs), dfmmae protefk (D@Bs) mck sdcaa
mck sdcaa protefk
(^@Bs).
`. Ekhcp
Ekhcpsfm
sfmcsf
csf prejekod
prejekod RKC,
RKC, @BnCj
@BnCj mck ekzfd poayder
poaydercse
cse dekicmf
dekicmf pcrtfhea
pcrtfhea
nore. \roses fkf mfsebut iujc proses cssedbay
cssedbay mck
 mck tericmf mf mcacd sftopacsdc.
f. \roses dcturcsf
dcturcsf jekod
jekod mf mcacd
mcacd pcrtfhea
pcrtfhea nore mekjck
mekjck bcktuck
bcktuck ekzfd
ekzfd poayder
poaydercse
cse
 berupc trckshrfpsf bcafh prejekod RKC. \roses fkf mfduacf mekjck proses
 prfdfkj   sfkte
sfktesfs
sfs uk
uktc
tcff MKC
MKC (-
(-)) yc
yckj
kj te
teri
ricm
cmff be
bersc
rscdc
dcck
ck me
mekj
kjck
ck me
mejr
jrcm
cmcsf
csf
 prejekod RKC, mck ch`frkyc
ch`frkyc sfktesc uktcf MKC (+).
 i. Hcrekc dcsc pcru` `fmup nnnMKC mf mcacd kunaeus `ckyc 2-> `crf, uktuh 
dedpertc`ck
dedpertc`ckhck
hck persfsteksf perau supacf
supacf jekod
jekod terus dekerus. ^upacf MKC
tersebut bfsc bercsca mcrf fkgehsf bcru `epctosft oae` W@B ctcu proses re-ektry
 pcrtfhea nore yckj mf`csfahck mf mcacd sftopacsdc.
h. ^e
^eac
acki
kiut
utky
kycc teri
tericm
cmff pr
pros
oses
es noctfkj   pcrtfhea nore yckj teac` dekjcacdf proses
dcturcsf
dcturcsf jekod oae` protefk @BsCj. \roses noctfkj  tersebut
  tersebut tericmf mf mcacd
retfnuaud
retfnuaud ekmopacsdfn.
ekmopacsdfn. Mfscdpfkj
Mfscdpfkj ftu mf mcacd retfnuaud ekmopacsdfn
ekmopacsdfn iujc
tericmf sfktesc pcrtfhea W@B acfkkyc pcrtfhea tubuaer mck pcrtfhea sgerfh yckj
`ckyc dekjckmukj A@Bs, D@Bs, ^@Bs (tfmch dekjckmukj pcrtfhea nore).
a. ^eac
^eacki
kiut
utky
kycc de
deac
acau
auff cp
cppc
pcrct
rctus
us Joaj
Joajff mf
mfseh
sehre
resf
sf pc
pcrt
rtfh
fhea
ea-pc
-pcrt
rtfh
fhea
ea W@B
W@B yc
ycft
ftu
u
 pcrtfhea Mckc, pcrtfhea tubuaer, mck pcrtfhea sgerfh. @epctosft iujc chck
dekyehresfhck @BeCj ackjsukj he mcacd sfrhuacsf mcrc` hcrekc @BeCj buhck
derupchck bcjfck struhturca pcrtfhea W@B.

7
 

Jcdbcr 5. ^fhaus Repafhcsf W@B

2.3.> Epfmedfoaojf

@epctftfs B tersebcr mf seauru` mukfc, Z@O dedperhfrchck aebf` mcrf 2 dfaycr orckj
terfkg
terfkgehs
ehsff @BW
@BW (terdc
(terdcsuh
suh 2=< iutc
iutc mekjck
mekjck fkgehs
fkgehsff hrokfs
hrokfs).
). ^etfcp
^etfcp tc`uk
tc`uk mfperh
mfperhfrc
frchck
hck
sehftcr 3.<<<.<<< orckj dekfkjjca chfbct fkgehsf @BW. \cmc kejcrc mekjck W@B ekmedfs
tfkjjf (prevcaeksf @BsCj berhfscr mf ctcs 0%), fkgehsf mcpct tericmf pcmc seduc joaokjck
usfc. \revcaeksf tericmfkyc fkgehsf @epctftfs B hrokfh pcmc ckch-ckch icu` aebf` tfkjjf
mfbckmfkjhck pcmc orckj mewcsc. \ekuacrck @epctftfs B terutcdc tericmf seacdc dcsc
he`cdfack mcrf fbu mekjck @epctftfs B he ckch (pekyebcrck perfkctca). 3,2,>

Dekurut tfkjjfkyc prevcaeksf fkgehsf W@B, Z@O dedbcjf mukfc dekicmf > dcncd
mcerc` ycftu mcerc` mekjck ekmedfsftcs tfkjjf, semckj, mck rekmc`.2

c. Mce
Mcerc`
rc` Ekmed
Ekmedfsft
fsftcs
cs ]fkjjf
]fkjjf
Mf mcerc` mekjck ekmedfsftcs tfkjjf, pekuacrck utcdc tericmf pcmc dcsc perfkctca
mck hckch-hckch. Bctcs terekmc` grehueksf @BsCj mcacd popuacsf berhfscr 3<-
35%. Mcerc` yckj terdcsuh heaodpoh fkf cmcac` Cgrfhc, kejcrc Csfc sebeac`
tfdur
tfdur Fkmfc
Fkmfc terdcsu
terdcsuh
h Nfkc,
Nfkc, puacu-p
puacu-puac
uacu
u mf Acutck
Acutck \csfgfh
\csfgfh,, Aedbc`
Aedbc` Cdczok
Cdczok,,

:
 

mc
mcer
erc`
c` pe
pesf
sfsfr
sfr Crtf
Crtfn,
n, sebcj
sebcjfc
fck
k ke
kejc
jcrc
rc ]fdu
]fdurr ]ekj
]ekjc`
c` mc
mck
k Csfc
Csfc he
henf
nfaa se
sertc
rtc
hepuacuck Hcrfbfc.
 b. Mcerc` Ekmedfsftcs ^emckj
Mf mcerc` mekjck ekmedfsftcs semckj pekuacrck tericmf pcmc dcsc perfkctca mck
hckch-hckch icrckj tericmf. Grehueksf @BsCj mcacd popuacsf berhfscr 2-3<%.
Mcerc` mekjck ekmedfsftcs semckj cmcac` Eropc ^eactck, Eropc ]fdur, sebcjfck
Rusfc, sebcjfck kejcrc ]fdur ]ekjc, Csfc Bcrct, Fkmfc, Iepckj, Cderfhc ]ekjc`,
Cderfhc ^eactck.
n. Mce
Mcerc`
rc` Ekme
Ekmedfs
dfsftc
ftcss Rek
Rekmc`
mc`
Mf mcerc`
mcerc` mekjck
mekjck ekmedf
ekmedfsftc
sftcss rekmc`
rekmc` pekuac
pekuacrck
rck utcdc
utcdc tericm
tericmff dcsc
dcsc mewcsc.
mewcsc.
\ekuacrck pcmc dcsc perfkctca dcsc perfkctca mck hckch-hckch sckjct icrckj.
Grehue
Grehueksf
ksf @BsCj
@BsCj mcacd
mcacd popuac
popuacsf
sf berhfs
berhfscr
cr hurckj
hurckj 2%. Mcerc`
Mcerc` fkf deafpu
deafputf
tf
Cderfhc Utcrc, mck Eropc Bcrct, sebcjfck Rusfc, mck sebcjfck Cgrfhc ^eactck,
Custrcafc mck ^eackmfc Bcru.
]CBEA 3. \oac jeojrcgfh prevcaeksf fkgehsf `epctftfs B mf mukfc

\cmc kejcrc mekjck ekmedfsftcs @epctftfs B rekmc` (prevcaeksf @BsCj hurckj mcrf
2%), sebcjfck bescr fkgehsf tericmf pcmc mewcsc dumc, h`ususkyc pcmc heaodpoh berfsfho.
]fkjhct prevcaeksf @epctftfs B mf Fkmokesfc sckjct bervcrfcsf ycftu berhfscr mcrf 2,5% mf
mcerc`
mcerc` Bck
Bckicrd
icrdcsfk
csfk `fk
`fkjjc
jjc 25,
25,73%
73% mf Hup
Hupckj
ckj,, se`
se`fkj
fkjjc
jc Fkm
Fkmoke
okesfc
sfc terd
terdcsu
csuh
h mca
mcacd
cd
heaodpoh kejcrc mekjck ekmedfsftcs semckj `fkjjc tfkjjf. 3

0
 

^ebeau
^ebeaud
d heb
hebfic
fichck
hck shr
shrfkf
fkfkj
kj ter
ter`cm
`cmcp
cp mcr
mcrc`
c` mok
mokor
or mft
mftetc
etcphc
phck,
k, pek
pekmer
merftc
ftc yck
yckj
j
dekerfdc mcrc` mcrf mokor ncrrfer @epctftfs B dedpukycf rfsfho tfkjjf tertuacr pekychft
fkf. Kcduk scct fkf sebcjfck bescr kejcrc mf mukfc dekyemfchck gcsfaftcs shrfkfkj uktuh 
@BsCj ter`cmcp mcrc` mokor sebeaud mfberfhck hepcmc pekmerftc yckj dederauhck.3

2.3.= Ncrc pekuacrck

Cmcc 2 jo
Cm joao
aokj
kjck
ck ncrc
ncrc pe
peku
kuac
acrck
rck fk
fkgeh
gehsf
sf W@B,
W@B, yc
ycft
ftu
u pe
peku
kuacr
acrck
ck `o
`orf
rfzo
zokt
ktca
ca mc
mck
k
 pekuacrck vertfhca. Ncrc pekuacrck `orfzoktca tericmf mcrf seorckj pekjfmcp fkgehsf W@B
hepcmc fkmfvfmu yckj dcsf` rektck mf seheafafkjkyc. \ekuacrck `orfzoktca mcpct tericmf
deacauf huaft ctcu deacauf seacput aekmer, semckjhck pekuacrck vertfhca tericmf mcrf seorckj
hepcmc bcyf yckj mfac`frhckkyc.2
 pekjfmcp yckj `cdfa hepcmc

Cmc 2 dcncd pekuacrck deacauf huaft, ycftu pekuacrck deacauf huaft yckj mfsebcbhck
tusuhck yckj ieacs (pekuacrck pcrekterca), dfscakyc deacauf suktfhck, trcksgusf mcrc` ctcu
 pedberfck promuh bercsca mcrf mcrc`, mck tcto. Heaodpoh hemuc cmcac` pekuacrck deacauf
huaft tckpc tusuhck yckj ieacs, dfscakyc dcsuhkyc bc`ck fkgehtfg deacauf joresck ctcu
cbrcsf huaft mck rcmckj huaft.2

^eacput aekmer yckj mcpct dekicmf tedpct dcsuh fkgehsf W@B cmcac` seacput aekmer 
duaut, dctc, `fmukj, scaurck dchckck bcjfck bcwc` mck seacput aekmer jekftcafc.2

\ekuacrck fkgehsf mcrf fbu `cdfa hepcmc bcyf yckj mfac`frhckkyc. Mcpct tericmf pcmc
dcscc sebeaud
dcs sebeaud heac`f
heac`frck
rck ctcu
ctcu prekct
prekctca
ca (fkute
(fkutero)
ro),, seacdc
seacdc persca
perscafkc
fkck
k ctcu perfkc
perfkctca
tca mck
seteac` perscafkck ctcu postkctca. Muau mfperhfrchck bc`wc pekuacrck fkutero `ckyc tericmf
 pcmc 5-35% bcyf yckj mfac`frhck oae` fbu @BsCj mck @BeCj posftfg. Kcduk, tercmcpct
 buhtf bc`wc sebekcrkyc pekuacrck fkutero tericmf aebf` tfkjjf mcrf ckjhc-ckjhc tersebut.
\ekeaftfck dekukiuhhck bc`wc sebcjfck bescr bcyf yckj tertuacr W@B sencrc vertfhca
dekmcpct pekuacrck pcmc dcsc perfkctca ycftu pcmc scct tericmf proses perscafkck. Hcrekc
ftu bcyf yckj dekmcpct pekuacrck vertfhca sebcjfck bescr duacf termetehsf @BsCj posftfg 
 pcmc usfc >-7 buack yckj sesucf mekjck dcsc tukcs fkgehsf W@B yckj pcafkj serfkj
mfmcpcthck
mfmcpcthck.. \ekuacrck yckj tericmf pcmc dcsc perfkctca
perfkctca mcpct deacauf ncrc dcterkogetca 
dfnro fkgusfok yckj
fkgusfok yckj tericmf pcmc wchtu tericmf hoktrchsf uterus, terteackkyc ncfrck cdkfok
yckj bckych dekjckmukj W@B sertc dcsuhkyc W@B deacauf aesf yckj tericmf pcmc huaft
 bcyf wchtu deacauf icack ac`fr. \ekuacrck fkgehsf W@B vertfhca iujc mcpct tericmf seteac`
 perscafkck.3,2

6
 

2.3.5 \ctojekesfs

\ekeaftfck dekukiuhhck bc`wc W@B buhckac` suctu vfrus yckj sftopctfh. Heacfkck
sea `ctf yckj mfchfbcthck oae` fkgehsf W@B mfsebcbhck oae` rechsf fduk tubu` ter`cmcp
`epctosft yckj terfkgehsf W@B mekjck tuiuck ch`fr uktuh dekjeafdfkcsf W@B tersebut.
\cmc hcsus-hcsus @epctftfs B chut respoks fduk tersebut ber`csfa dekjeafdfkcsf sea-sea
`epcr yckj terhekc fkgehsf W@B se`fkjjc tericmf kehrosfs sea-sea yckj dekjckmukj W@B
mck tericmf jeicac hafkfh yckj mffhutf mekjck hesedbu`ck. \cmc sebcjfck pekmerftc respoks
fduk tersebut tfmch ber`csfa dekj`cknurhck sea-sea `ctf yckj terfkgehsf se`fkjjc W@B
tersebutt tetcp dekjcacdf repafhcsf.
tersebu repafhcsf. \cmc hcsus-hcsus
hcsus-hcsus mekjck
mekjck @epctftfs
@epctftfs B hrokf
hrokfh,
h, respoks
fduk tersebut cmc, tetcpf tfmch sedpurkc se`fkjjc `ckyc tericmf kehrosfs pcmc sebcjfck sea
`ctf yckj dekjckmukj W@B mck dcsf` tetcp cmc sea `ctf yckj terfkgehsf yckj tfmch 
dckjcacdf kehrosf. Mekjck medfhfck fkgehsf W@B mcpct dekicacr he sea acfkkyc. \cmc
 pekjfmcp @BsCj csfdptodctfh respoks fduk tersebut scdc sehcaf tfmch egehtfg se`fkjjc
tfmch cmc kehrosfs sea `ctf yckj terfkgehsf mck vfrus tetcp dekjcmchck repafhcsf tckpc
cmckyc jeicac hafkfh.2

^eteac` W@B dcsuh mcacd tubu` mck ch`frkyc dcsuh he mcacd sea `ctf W@B chck
dekj
dekjca
cacd
cdff repa
repafh
fhcsf
csf.. \ert
\ertcd
cdcc hc
hcaf
af W@B
W@B ch
chck
ck be
ber`
r`ub
ubuk
ukjc
jck
k me
mekj
kjck
ck respo
respoks
ks fduk
fduk
kokspesfgfh yckj dcdpu beheric mcacd wchtu bebercpc dekft ctcu icd yckj hedumfck
mffhutf oae` kcfhkyc hcmcr FGK. \roses eafdfkcsf kokspesfgfh fkf tfmch mfsertcf restrfhsf
@AC mck deafbcthck KH mck AH] yckj mfrckjsckj oae` FGK. ^eackiutkyc chck tericmf
respokss fduk spesfgfh, bcfh yckj bersfgct
respok bersfgct seauaer
seauaer dcupuk
dcupuk `udorca. Respoks fduk seauaer 
 berupc proses sftoaftfh yckj chck dekyebcbhck penc`kyc sea-sea `ctf yckj terfkgehsf.
\roses sftoaftfh tersebut mfsebcbhck oae` chtfvftcs sea ] sftoaftfh yckj teac` mfchtfghck. Mf
scdpfkj
scdpfkj ftu, iujc tericmf
tericmf eafdfkcsf
eafdfkcsf vfrus fktrcseauaer
fktrcseauaer tckpc dekfdbu
dekfdbuahck
ahck penc`kyc sea-sea
yckj terfkgehsf. \roses ftu mfsebut proses eafdfkcsf koksftoaftfh yckj tericmf hcrekc chtfvftcs
sftohfk. Respoks fduk `udorca tericmf deacauf proses terbektuhkyc cktf-@Bs yckj fhut
dedbcktu eafdfkcsf W@B.2

Bfacc proses
Bfa proses yckj
yckj tericm
tericmff pcmc
pcmc @epctf
@epctftfs
tfs B chu
chutt tfmch
tfmch egehtfg
egehtfg se`fkj
se`fkjjc
jc sea yckj
yckj
terfkgehsf tfmch ber`csfa mf`fackjhck seauru`kyc, chck tericmf fkgehsf @epctftfs B hrokfh.
\cmc @epctftfs B hrokfh cktfjek vfrca yckj mfehspresfhck pcmc dedbrck `epctosft cmcac`
@BnCj
@BnCj mck @BeCj.
@BeCj. \erau
\erau mfhetc
mfhetc`uf
`uf bc`wc
bc`wc cktcrc
cktcrc @BnCj
@BnCj mck @beCj
@beCj tericm
tericmff rechsf
rechsf
fdukoaojfh sfackj pcmc tfkjhct sea ].2

3<
 

\roses eafdfkcsf W@B oae` respoks fduk yckj tfmch egfsfek mcpct mfsebcbhck oae`
gchtor vfrca ctcupuk gchtor fkckj. Gchtor vfrca cktcrc acfk9 2

 ]ericmfkyc toaercksf fduk ter`cmcp promuh W@B

 @cdbctck ter`cmcp N]A yckj bergukjsf deachuhck afsfs sea-sea terfkgehsf

 ]ericmfkyc dutck W@B yckj tfmch dedpromuhsf @BeCj

 Fktejrcsf jekod W@B mcacd jekod sea `ctf.

Gchtor fkckj cktcrc acfk92

 Gchtor jeketfh 

 Hurckjkyc promuhsf FGK

 Cmckyc cktfbomy ter`cmcp cktfjek kuhaeohcpsfm

 Heacfkck gukjsf afdgosft

 Respoks cktffmfotfpe

 Gchtor heacdfk ctcu `ordokca

\erb
\erbem
emcc
cck
k re
resp
spok
okss sft
sftoa
oaft
ftfh
fh sea ] ter`
ter`cm
cmcp
cp pr
prot
otef
efk
k W@B
W@B sc
sckj
kjct
ct deke
dekekt
ktuh
uhck
ck
dckfgestcsf hafkfh yckj tfdbua. Bfac respoks sea ] nuhup huct, chck tfdbua `epctftfs chut
mck tubu` mcpct dekyfkjhfrhck vfrus. Bfac respoks sea ] fkf sckjct `ebct mcpct tfdbua
@epctftfs B chut guadfkckt. Kcduk, `ubukjck cktcrc respoks sea ] mck dckfgestcsf hafkfh 
rupckyc tfmch dutach. ^ebcjcf nokto`, pcmc pekmerftc yckj dekjfmcp fkgehsf W@B mekjck
dutck prenore 
prenore  hcrekc tfmch tericm pekcdpfack cktfjek kuhaeohcpsfm pcmc dedbrck sea
yckj terfkgehsf,
terfkgehsf, respoks sea ] berhurckj.
berhurckj. Kcduk, iustru pcmc hcsus-hcsus tersebut serfkj
tericmf @epctftfs berct mck bc`hck @epctftfs guadfkckt. Mfmujc mcacd hecmcck fkf gchtor 
yckj berpekjcru`
berpekjcru` cmcac` pctojekesftcs
pctojekesftcs W@B. \ektfkjkyc
\ektfkjkyc gchtor
gchtor pctojekesft
pctojekesftcs
cs vfrus iujc
tcdpch pcmc fkgehsf W@B berscdcck mekjck W@M (Wfrus @epctftfs Meatc). Jeicac hafkfh 
 pcmc fkgehsf W@B mck W@M aebf` `ebct mfbckmfkjhck mekjck fkgehsf W@B scic wcacupuk
respoks sea ] pcmc fkgehsf W@B mck W@M tfmch bckych berbemc mekjck fkgehsf W@B scic. 2

2.3.7 Dckfgestcsf hafkfs

Dckfgestcsf hafkfs fkgehsf W@B pcmc wckftc `cdfa tfmch berbemc mekjck fkgehsf W@B
 pcmc ududkyc. ]ercmcpct = dcncd jcdbcrck hafkfh fkgehsf W@B, ycftu 9 csfdtodctfh,
chut, hrokfs mck hcrsfkodc `epctoseauaer.2

33
 

c. Cs
Csfd
fdto
todc
dctf
tfh 
h 
Jcdbcrck hafkf pcmc pekjfmcp csfdtodctfh tfmch dekukiuhhck jeicac hafkfh yckj h`cs.
\ekmerftc tcdpch se`ct `ckyc scic mcacd mcrc`kyc mfmcpctf @BsCj posftfg. Bfac mcacd
tubu`kyc termcpct @BeCj dchck pekjfmcp fkf terjoaokj fkgehsfus sebcb @BeCj posftfg 
dekjjcdbcrhck proses repafhcsf yckj dcsf` chtfg beheric.
 b. @epctftfs B chut
\ericackck hafkfs pekychft `epctftfs chut mfbcjf dekicmf = tc`cp ycftu9
3. Dcsc
Dcsc fkhu
fkhubc
bcsf
sf
Dcsc fkhubcsf cmcac` dcsc cktcrc pekuacrck fkgehsf mekjck tericmfkyc jeicac.
Dcsc fkhubcsf W@B berhfscr ><-30< `crf mekjck rctc-rctc 7<-6< `crf. Acdc
dcsc fkhubcsf terjcktukj bckychkyc vfrus yckj cmc mcacd tubu` pekmerftc, ncrc
 pekuacrck mck gchtor peicdu. Iudac` vfrus mck usfc derupchck gchtor pektfkj
yckj ber`ubukjck mekjck hepcrc`ck chut ctcu hrokfh @epctftfs B.
2. Gc
Gcse
se pr
prc-
c-fh
fhte
terf
rfh 
h 
Gcse prc-fhterfh cmcac` wchtu cktcrc tfdbuakyc jeicac pertcdc mekjck tfdbuakyc
fhterus. Heau`ck pcafkj cwca cmcac` aedcs, dcacs, ckorehsfc, duca, duktc`,
 pckcs mck rcsc tfmch ekch mcerc` perut hckck ctcs. Duktc` pcmc he`cdfack
dumc mcpct mfbemchck mekjck duktc` pcmc `epctftfs mcrf cwca tericmfkyc. \cmc
`epctftfs, sedchfk sore `crf duktc` sedchfk berct semckjhck pcmc he`cdfack
dumc duktc` pcafkj serfkj mfrcschck pcmc pcjf `crf. \cmc ch`fr dcsc fkhubcsf,
 bebercpc fkmfvfmu berhedbckj jeicac sepertf `fperseksftfvftcs yckj berupc
ctrcajfc, rucd huaft mck vcshuaftfs. Hecmcck fkf tericmf hcrekc hodpaehs cktfjek-
cktfbomf yckj fhut mcacd sfrhuacsf mcrc`.
>. Gcse fhterfh 
Fnterus chck tfdbua mck tericmfkyc berhfscr cktcrc 3-> dfkjju tetcpf mcpct puac
tericmf bebercpc `crf ctcu bc`hck scdpcf 7 buack. Gcse fhterfh berch`fr cktcrc 2-
7 dfkj
dfkjju
ju.. Hetf
Hetfhc
hc je
jeic
icac
ac fh
fhte
teru
russ tcdp
tcdpch
ch dchc
dchck
k me
medc
dcd
d mc
mck
k dcac
dcacfse
fse ch
chck
ck
dekj
dekj`f
`fac
ackj
kj.. \cmc
\cmc gc
gcse
se fk
fkff pc
pcmc
mc pe
pede
derfh
rfhscc
scck
k gfsfh
gfsfh te
tercp
rcpcc `e
`epc
pcrr mc
mck
k afek
afek
dedbescr mck chck deketcp bebercpc wchtu seteac` fnterus `fackj. Bfac fhterus
fkf berackjsukj mekjck `ebct dchck chck tericmf `epctftfs guadfkckt yckj mcpct
dekyebcbhck hedctfck. \cmc `epctftfs guadfkckt yckj tericmf hejcjcack gukjsf
`c
`ctf
tf pr
proj
ojre
resfg
sfg yc
yckj
kj mftc
mftckm
kmcf
cf me
mekj
kjck
ck ek
ekseg
segca
caop
opct
ctf,
f, ho
hocj
cjua
uaop
opct
ctff mc
mck
k ho
hodc
dc..
@epctf
@epctftfs
tfs guadfk
guadfkckt
ckt dedpuk
dedpukycf
ycf resfho
resfho hedctfc
hedctfck
k :<
:<-65
-65%.
%. ^eacfk
^eacfk ftu 5<%
 pekmerftc `epctftfs guadfkckt dekjcacdf permcrc`ck jcstrofktestfkca, ><%

32
 

me
mekj
kjck
ck sf
sfkm
kmro
rodc
dc jc
jcjc
jcaa kc
kcgc
gcs,
s, =<
=<%
% me
mekj
kjck
ck cr
crft
ftdf
dfcc ho
horm
rmfs
fs mc
mck
k 3<
3<-2
-2<%
<%
dekjca
dekjcacdf
cdf sepsfs.
sepsfs. \cmc
\cmc pederf
pederfhsc
hscck
ck acborc
acborctor
torfud
fud mfmcpc
mfmcpcthc
thck
k aeuhos
aeuhosfto
ftosfs,
sfs,
`fpokc
`fpokctred
tredfc,
fc, `ypohc
`ypohcaed
aedfc,
fc, hurckj
hurckj mcrf
mcrf 3<% dekjca
dekjcacdf
cdf `fojaf
`fojafhed
hedfc
fc sertc
sertc
 pekfkjhctck bfafrubfk mck trckscdfkcse serud.
=. Gc
Gcse
se peky
pekyed
edbu
bu`c
`ck
k
Gcse pekyedbu`ck cmcac` gcse cktcrc `fackjkyc fhterus scdpcf hesedbu`ck mcrf
`epctftfs.
`epctftfs. \cmc pederfhscck
pederfhscck acborctorfud
acborctorfud teraf`ct
teraf`ct @BsCj,
@BsCj, @BeCj mck MKC
W@B dekj`fackj.
dekj`fackj. Cktf-@Bn
Cktf-@Bn duacf tfdbua mfsertcf
mfsertcf FjD cktf-@Bn dekfkjhct
dekfkjhct
semckj
semckjhck
hck FjJ cktf-@b
cktf-@bnn tfdbua
tfdbua hedumf
hedumfck
ck mck deketc
deketcp.
p. \cmc
\cmc gcse fkf puac
puac
sebeau
sebeaud
d @BsC
@BsCj
j dekj
dekj`f
`fac
ackj
kj ch
chck
ck tfdb
tfdbua
ua ck
cktf
tf-@
-@Be
Be yc
yckj
kj be
bercr
rcrtf
tf teric
tericmf
mf
 pekjurckjck repafhcsf vfrus mck duacf tericmf resoausf. Mcacd wchtu 7 buack
chck tfdbua cktf-@Bs seteac`
seteac ` @BsCj dekj`fackj pcmc ><-5<% pekmerftc.
n. @e
@epc
pctf
tftf
tfss B hrokf
hrokfss
Jcdbcrck hafkfs pcmc @epctftfs B hrokfs mcpct berdcncd-dcncd, duacf mcrf tckpc
jeicac scdpcf jeicac yckj h`cs. Jeicac tersebut sencrc hafkfs serfkj hcaf suaft mfbemchck
cpchc` seseorckj dekmerftc `epctftfs hrokfs persfstek (@H\) ctcu `epctftfs hrokfs chtfg 
(@HC).
(@HC). Heau`
Heau`ck
ck yckj
yckj serfkj
serfkj tericmf
tericmf pcmc
pcmc @HC cmcac` dumc` aeac`, kcgsu
kcgsu dchck
dchck
dekuruk mck berct bcmck turuk, hcmckj-hcmckj termcpct pckcs subgebrfa.
m. Hcrsfkodc
Hcrsfkodc @epctos
@epctoseauaer
eauaer prfder (H@\)
(H@\)
Jeicac hafkfs H@\ chck tfdbua mck perau mfnurfjcf bfac pekmerftc sfrosfs dedburuh.
Heau`
Heau`ck
ck udud
udud berup
berupcc dcacfs
dcacfse,
e, rcsc peku`
peku` mcerc`
mcerc` perut,
perut, ckoreh
ckorehsfc,
sfc, berct
berct bcmck
bcmck
dekuru
dekuruk
k mck pckcs
pckcs subgeb
subgebrfa
rfa.. \cmc
\cmc pederf
pederfhsc
hscck
ck teraf`
teraf`ct
ct perut
perut yckj
yckj dedbek
dedbekjhc
jhch 
h 
hcrekc csftes mck pedbescrck `epcr. Jcdbcrck yckj deknurfjchck he crc` hckher `ctf
cmcac` bfac pedbescrck `epcr he ctcs mckh e bcwc` mfsertcf bekioack hercs tch terctur mf
mcerc` hucmrck
hucmrck hckck ctcs. Hcmckj-hcmckj
Hcmckj-hcmckj tercbc tfmch kyerf ctcu bc`hck
bc`hck kyerf tehck
mekjck hecmcck udud pcrc`.

2.3.: Mfcjkosfs

Mfcjkosfs pekychft `epctftfs B mftejchhck bermcscrhck jeicac hafkfs, pederfhscck

acborctorfud hafkfh, pederfhscck seroaojfs `epctftfs B, mck pederfhscck pekukickj berupc
U^J. @epctftfs hrokfs ududkyc tfmch dekfdbuahck jeicac ctcu tfmch dekukiuhhc jeicac
yckj h`cs berupc tfmch cmc kcgsu dchck, heaeac`ck, duca, duktc`-duktc`, kyerf mcerc`
 perut sebeac` hckck ctcs mck fhterus. Bcjcfdckcpuk iujc ckcdkesfs yckj teaftf sepertf ac`fr 

3>
 

mck `fmup mfmcerc` ekmedfs, heaucrjckyc

heaucrjckyc cmc yckj schft `epctftfs
`epctftfs B mck sebcjcfkyc chck
dedbcktu tejchkyc mfcjkosfs `epctftfs B.2

\ederfhscck ekzfd trckscdfkcse sepertf ^J\] mck ^JO] chck dekfkjhct yckj
dekuki
dekukiuhh
uhhcc tericm
tericmff herusc
heruschck
hck mck kehros
kehrosfs
fs sea `ctf.
`ctf. \cmc
\cmc herusc
heruschck
hck `epcto
`epctosfs
sfs iujc
iujc
mfmcpcthck jcdc J] dekfkjhct mfscdpfkj pekfkjhctck bfafrubfk.2

\etckm
\etckmcc serud
serud derupc
derupchck
hck huknf
huknf mcacd
mcacd dekejc
dekejchhc
hhck
k mfcjko
mfcjkosfs
sfs `epctf
`epctftfs
tfs B. ]fjc
]fjc
uktuh mfcjkosfs, ycftu92
 petckmc yckj pektfkj uktuh

3. \etckm
\etckmcc fkgehsf
fkgehsf 9 @BsCj
@BsCj cmcac`
cmcac` sebcjc
sebcjcff tckmc cmc fkgehs
fkgehsff `epctftf
`epctftfss B mck bfac
mcacd 7 buack tfmch `fackj bercrtf dekicmf hrokfs. FjD cktf-@Bn cmcac` scac`
sctu cktfbomy yckj teraf`ct seacdc dcsc chut semckjhck FjJ cktf-@Bn tetcp
 posftfg seudur `fmup.
2. \etc
\etckm
kmcc repaf
repafhc
hcsf
sf 9 pe
petc
tckm
kmcc uk
uktu
tuh
h dekj
dekjet
etc`
c`uf
uf cm
cmck
ckyc
yc repaf
repafhc
hcsf
sf vf
vfru
russ cm
cmcac
cac`
`
@BeCj mck MKC W@B
>. \etckm
\etckmcc uktuh
uktuh dekjetc`
dekjetc`uf
uf pekychft
pekychft chut ctcu hrokfs
hrokfs,, ycftu
ycftu FjD cktf-@Bn
cktf-@Bn yckj
dekukiuhhck cmckyc heruschck `ctf pcmc `epctftfs chut.

Jcdbcr 7. \etckmc seroaojfs @epctftfs B

^cdpcf scct fkf termcpct bebercpc fkmfhctor acborctorfs yckj bfsc mfjukchck uktuh 
dekfacf fkgehsf @epctftfs B. pcmc fkgehsf chut, cktfbomy ter`cmcp @BnCj cmcac` yckj

3=
 

 pcafkj pertcdc duknua, mffhutf mekjck duknuakyc @BsCj mck @BeCj serud. Bfac
 pekmerftc dekjcacdf hesedbu`ck spoktck seteac` @epctftfs B chut, dchc chck tericmf
serohokversf @BsCj mck @BeCj, yckj mftckmcf hcmcr hemuc pekckmc tersebut tfmch chck
mcpct termetehsf acjf mf serud sedektcrc cktf-@Bs mck cktf-@Be iustru duacf termetehsf.
^ebcafhkyc, pcmc @epctftfs B hrokfh, @BsCj mck @BeCj chck terus termetehsf mf serud
 pekmerftc. \cmc pekmerftc mekjck @epctftfs B hrokfh, MKC W@B sebcfhkyc mfperfhsc
uktuh dedcktcu pericackck pekychft. \cmc bebercpc iekfs vfrus dutck, @BeCj bfsc tfmch 
termetehsf mf serud wcacupuk proses percmckjck `ctf dcsf` tericmf mck hcmcr MKC W@B
serud dcsf` tfkjjf.3

\cmc pederfhscck U^J chck tcdpch pedbescrck `ctf sertc bertcdbc` meksftcs jedc
mcrf pcrekhfd `ctf pcmc `epctftfs chut-hrokfs. 2

2.3.0 \eknejc`ck

^epertf pcmc pekychft fkgehsf acfkkyc, peknejc`ck fkgehsf @epctftfs B bfsc berupc
peknejc`ck spesfgfh.3 
 peknejc`ck kok-spesfgfh dcupuk peknejc`ck

\eknejc`ck kok-spesfgfh fkgehsf @epctftfs B mcpct mfachuhck mekjck dekercphck

 peknejc`ck ukfversca yckj bcfh mck deachuhck pekcpfsck pcmc heaodpoh resfho tfkjjf.
\rfksfp-prfksfp hewcspcmcck ukfversca, sepertf dekjjukchck scrukj tckjck hetfhc beheric
mekjck ncfrck tubu` pekmerftc, pekckjckck afdbc` icrud suktfh yckj bekcr, sterfafscsf cact
mekjck ncrc yckj bekcr sebeaud deachuhck prosemur fkvcsfg, mck deknunf tckjck sebeaud
dekckjckf
dekckjckf pekmerftc mcpct dekjurckj
dekjurckjff rfsfho pekuacrck,
pekuacrck, terutcdc
terutcdc pcmc tekcjc demfs,
scac` sctu heaodpoh
heaodpoh yckj pcafkj
pcafkj berfsfho
berfsfho tertuacr @epctftfs
@epctftfs B. ^eacfk ftu, pekcpfsck pcmc
heaodpoh rfsfho tfkjjf (orckj yckj ac`fr mf mcerc` mekjck ekmedfsftcs W@B tfkjjf, orckj
mekjck pcsckjck sehsuca duatfpea, `odosehsuca, seduc wckftc `cdfa, pekmerftc @FW mck
@epctft
@epctftfs
fs N, pekjju
pekjjukc
kc icrud
icrud suktfh
suktfh,, pekmer
pekmerftc
ftc `edomf
`edomfcaf
cafsfs,
sfs, pekmer
pekmerftc
ftc mekjck
mekjck tercpf
tercpf
fdukosupresck, sertc orckj mekjck hcmcr CA]/C^] yckj tfkjjf mck deketcp) sebcfhkyc
mfachu
mfachuhck
hck.. \ekmer
\ekmerftc
ftc yckj
yckj terbuh
terbuhtf
tf dekmer
dekmerftc
ftc @epctf
@epctftfs
tfs B seb
sebcfh
cfhkyc
kyc mfberf
mfberf emuhcsf
emuhcsf
dedutus rcktcf fkgehsf @epctftfs B.3 
 perubc`ck perfachu uktuh dedutus
Bcjf orckj yckj tfmch mffdukfscsf mck terpcick mekjck @epctftfs B, peknejc`ck
 postexposure berupc
 postexposure  berupc hodbfkcsf @BFJ (uktuh dekncpcf hcmcr cktf-@Bs yckj tfkjjf mcacd
wchtu sfkjhct)
sfkjhct) mck vchsfk @epctftfs B (uktuh
(uktuh hehebcack
hehebcack ickjhc pckickj
pckickj mck dekjurckjf
dekjurckjf
jeicac hafkfs) `crus mfberfhck. Uktuh pcickck perfkctca (bcyf yckj ac`fr mcrf fbu mekjck
@epctftfs
@epctftfs B), pedberfck @BFJ sfkjae
@BFJ  sfkjae mose,
mose, <,5 dA sencrc fktrc dushuacr mf pc`c `crus

35
 

mfberfhck sejerc seteac` perscafkck mck mffhutf > mosfs vchsfk @epctftfs B (fdukfscsf),
mfduacf pcmc usfc hurckj mcrf 32 icd seteac` perscafkck. \edberfck @BFJ mck Wchsfk
@epctftfs
@epctftfs B mfachuhck
mfachuhck pcmc pc`c yckj berbemc. Uktuh derehc
derehc yckj dekjcacdf
dekjcacdf fkohuacsf
fkohuacsf
ackjsukj
ackjsukj ctcu hoktch
hoktch duhosc ackjsukj
ackjsukj mekjck ncfrck tubu` pekme
pekmerftc
rftc @epctftfs B, dchc
 progfachsfs yckj mfjukchck cmcac` @BFJ  sfkjae mose <,<7 dA/hj BB, yckj mfberfhck
seseje
sesejerc
rc duk
dukjhf
jhfk.
k. \ekmer
\ekmerftc
ftc aca
acau
u `crus
`crus dekerf
dekerfdc
dc fdukfs
fdukfscsf
csf @epctf
@epctftfs
tfs B, mfduac
mfduacff mcrf
mcrf
dfkjju pertcdc seteac` pcickck. Bfac pcickck yckj tericmf cmcac` hoktch sehsuca, dchc
 pedberfck mosfs @BFJ <,<7 dA/hj BB `crus mfberfhck sebeaud 3= `crf seteac` pcickck,
mc
mck
k tekt
tektu
u mffh
mffhut
utff me
mekj
kjck
ck fduk
fdukfs
fscsf
csf.. \edb
\edber
erfc
fck
k vc
vchs
hsfk
fk @epc
@epctf
tftf
tfss B mc
mck
k @BFJ
@BFJ bf
bfsc
sc
mfachuhck pcmc wchtu berscdcck, kcduk mf aohcsf fkiehsf yckj berbemc.3 

\ekn
\eknej
ejc`
c`ck
ck spesf
spesfgf
gfh
h  pre-exposure mcp
mcpct
ct mfachu
mfachuhck
hck mekjck
mekjck dedber
dedberfhc
fhck
k vchsfk
vchsfk
@epctft
@epctftfs
fs B pcmc
pcmc heaodp
heaodpoh
oh rfsfho
rfsfho tfkjjf
tfkjjf.. Wchsfk
Wchsfk @epctf
@epctftfs
tfs B yck
yckj
j tersem
tersemfc
fc scct fkf
derupc
derupchck
hck vchsfk
vchsfk rehodb
rehodbfkc
fkck
k @BsCj
@BsCj yckj
yckj mfprom
mfpromuhs
uhsff mekjck
mekjck bcktuc
bcktuck
k rcjf.
rcjf. Wchsfk
Wchsfk
mfberfhck sebckych = hcaf mekjck ncrc fkiehsf fktrc dushuacr (mf meatofm, buhck jauteus)
 pcmc <, 2, > mck = buack. (projrcd fdukfscsf kcsfokca). Fkmokesfc teac` dedcsuhhck
fdukfscsf @epctftfs B mcacd projrcd fdukfscsf rutfk Kcsfokca pcmc bcyf bcru ac`fr pcmc
tc`uk 366:.3 

Fdukfscsf @epctftfs B dcdpu dedberfhck perafkmukjck ter`cmcp fkgehsf @epctftfs B

seacdc aebf` mcrf 2< tc`uk. Heber`csfack
Heber`csfack fdukfscsf
fdukfscsf mfkfacf mcrf termetehsfkyc
termetehsfkyc cktf-@Bs mf
serud
serud pekmer
pekmerftc
ftc seteac`
seteac` pedber
pedberfck
fck fdukfs
fdukfscsf
csf @epctf
@epctftfs
tfs B aekjhc
aekjhcp
p (>-=
(>-= hcaf).
hcaf). ]fkjhc
]fkjhctt
heber`
heber`csfa
csfack
ck fdukfs
fdukfscsf
csf mftekt
mftektuhc
uhck
k oae`
oae` gchtor
gchtor usfc
usfc pekmer
pekmerftc,
ftc, mekjck
mekjck aebf`
aebf` mcrf
mcrf 65
65%
%
 pekmerftc dekjcacdf hesuhsesck fdukfscsf pcmc bcyf, ckch mck redcic, hurckj mcrf 6<%
 pcmc usfc =< tc`uk, mck `ckyc 75-:<% pcmc usfc 7< tc`uk. \ekmerftc mekjck sfsted fduk
yckj terjckjju iujc chck dedberfhck respoks hehebcack yckj aebf` rekmc`. Bcyf mcrf fbu
mekjck
mekjck @BsCj (-) tfmch chck terpcick vfrus @epctftfs B seacdc proses perscafkc
perscafkck,
k, kcduk
rfsfho bcyf tersebut uktuh terpcick vfrus @epctftfs B tetcp tfkjjf, dekjfkjct ekmedfsftcs
 pekychft fkf mf Fkmokesfc. ^epertf teac` mfsebuthck mf ctcs, fkgehsf vfrus @epctftfs B pcmc
ckch dedfafhf rfsfho perhedbckjck hecrc` @epctftfs B hrokfs yckj aebf` bescr. Dchc
setfcp
setfcp bcyf
bcyf yckj
yckj ac`fr
ac`fr mf Fkmoke
Fkmokesfc
sfc mfwcif
mfwcifbhc
bhck
k fdukfs
fdukfscsf
csf @epctf
@epctftfs
tfs B. Wchsfk
Wchsfk yckj
yckj
mfjukchck cmcac` vchsfk rehodbfkck yckj dekjckmukj @BsCj yckj mfpromuhsf rcjf.3 

Wchsfk
Wchsfk fkf mfberf
mfberfhck
hck sencrc
sencrc fktrcd
fktrcdush
ushuac
uacrr pcmc
pcmc scct bcyf
bcyf ac`fr
ac`fr mck mfacki
mfackiuth
uthck
ck
dfkfdca
dfkfdca pcmc buack he-3 mck he-7. Kcduk pckmuck
pckmuck fdukfscsf yckj berachu mf Fkmokesfc
Fkmokesfc

37
 

dekycrckhc
dekycrckhck
k pedberfck
pedberfck fdukfscsf pcmc scct bcyf ac`fr, pcmc buack he-2, buack he->, mck
 buack he-=. \edberfck fdukfscsf mfachuhck oae` tekcjc demfs teractf` mf dcsfkj-dcsfkj
mcerc`.3 

2.3.6 \ekckjckck

Orckj yckj tfmch dedfafhf hehebcack ter`cmcp @epctftfs B ctcu tfmch mfhetc`uf stctus
fdukftcskyc mck terpcick ncfrck tubu` pekmerftc @epctftfs B, bcfh sencrc perhutck dcupuk
sencrc
sencrc seh
sehsuca
suca `cr
`crus
us dek
dekmcp
mcpcth
cthck
ck pro
progfac
gfachsf
hsfss pcs
pcsnc
nc pci
pcickc
ckck
k sene
senepct
pctkyc
kyc.. \cm
\cmcc hcs
hcsus
us
 pcickck pcmc ncfrck tubu` pekmerftc yckj tfmch mfhetc`uf stctus @BsCj-kyc, sebcfhkyc
sudber
sudber pci
pcickc
ckck
k mfp
mfperfh
erfhsc
sc mc`
mc`uau
uau stc
stctus
tus @Bs
@BsCj-
Cj-kyc
kyc.. Cpc
Cpcbfa
bfacc sud
sudber
ber pci
pcickc
ckck
k tfm
tfmch 
ch 
dekjfmcp
dekjfmcp @epctftfs B (@BsC
(@BsCj
j kejct
kejctfg),
fg), dchc progfachsfs
progfachsfs pcsnc pcickck tfmch mfper
mfperauhck
auhck,,
kcduk
kcduk cpc
cpcbfa
bfacc stct
stctus
us @Bs
@BsCj
Cj sud
sudber
ber pci
pcickc
ckck
k (+) ctcu tfmch mcp
mcpct
ct mfh
mfhetc`
etc`uf,
uf, dch
dchcc
 progfachsfs wcifb mfberfhck. \rogfachsfs yckj mfjukchck cmcac` @BFJ sfkjae mose <,<7
dA/h
dA/hj
j BB
BB,, yc
yckj
kj mf
mfbe
berf
rfhc
hck
k se
sesej
sejerc
erc du
dukj
kjhf
hfk
k (d
(dch
chsf
sfdc
dcaa =0 ic
icd
d set
setea
eac`
c` pc
pcick
ickck
ck).
).
\ekmerftc acau `crus dekerfdc fdukfscsf @epctftfs B, pcafkj acdbct pcmc dfkjju pertcdc
seteac` pcickck. Bfac pcickck yckj tericmf cmcac` hoktch sehsuca, dchc pedberfck mosfs
@BFJ <,<7 dA/hj BB `crus mfberfhck sebeaud 3= `crf seteac` pcickck, mck tektu mffhutf
mekjck fdukfscsf. \edberfck vchsfk @epctftfs B mck @BFJ bfsc mfachuhck pcmc wchtu
 berscdcck, kcduk mf aohcsf fkiehsf yckj berbemc. ^tctus @BsCj mck cktf-@Bs pekmerftc
acau
acau mfp
mfperfh
erfhsc
sc hed
hedbca
bcaff 3 bua
buack
ck sete
seteac`
ac` pci
pcickc
ckck.
k. Cpc
Cpcbfa
bfacc orc
orckj
kj yck
yckj
j terp
terpcick
cick ter
terbuh
buhtf
tf
dedfafhf hcmcr cktf-@Bs ; 3< FU/A, dchc progfachsfs pcsnc pcickck tfmch perau mfberfhck. 3

\ekmer
\ekmerftc
ftc mek
mekjck
jck @Bs
@BsCj
Cj (+) `cr
`crus
us seje
sejerc
rc mfh
mfhoks
oksuat
uatcsfh
csfhck
ck mek
mekjck
jck moh
mohter
ter ukt
uktuh 
uh 
evcaucsf aebf` ackiut. \ekmerftc iujc `crus mfperfhschck stctus @BeCj, cktf-@Be, MKC
W@B, ^JO], mck ^J\]-kyc uktuh dekektuhck tfkjhct hepcrc`ck pekychft mck scct tercpf
yckj tepct. \faf`ck tercpf yckj bfsc mfjukchck deknchup Fktergerok, Acdfvumfk, Cmegovfr,
]eabfvumfk, Ektencvfr, ctcu ]ekogovfr.3 

2.2 @epctftfs B pcmc He`cdfack

2.2.3 \ekjertfck @epctftfs B mcacd he`cdfack

@epctftfs
@epctftfs cmcac` fkgacdcsf
fkgacdcsf mcrf `epcr yckj mcpct mfsebcbhck oae` terpcpcrkyc
terpcpcrkyc `epcr 
mekjck bc`ck hfdfc tertektu, pekychft cutofduk, ctcu fkgehsf bchterf tetcpf pcafkj serfkj
mfsebcbhck oae` bebercpc vfrus.=
^eorckj fbu mfhctchck dekjfmcp ctcu dekmerftc `epctftfs B hrokfh cpcbfac 9

3:
 

3. Bfac
Bfac fbu dekjfmc
dekjfmcp
p @BsCj posftf
posftfgg uktuh ickjh
ickjhcc wchtu aebf`
aebf`  mcrf 7 buack mck tetcp
 posftfg seacdc dcsc he`cdfack mck deac`frhck.
2. Bfac stctus
stctus @bsCj
@bsCj posftfg
posftfg tfmch mfsertcf
mfsertcf mekjck
mekjck pekfkjhc
pekfkjhctck
tck ^JO]/\]
^JO]/\] dchc,
dchc, stctus
stctus
fbu cmcac` pekjfmcp `epctftfs B.
>. Bfac
Bfac mfsertc
mfsertcff mekjck
mekjck pekfkj
pekfkjhct
hctck
ck ^JO]/\]
^JO]/\] pcmc
pcmc aebf`
aebf` mcrf > hcaf
hcaf pederfh
pederfhscck
scck
mekjck fktervca pederfhscck setfcp 2-> buack, dchc stctus fbu cmcac` pekmerftc
`epctftfs B hrokfh.
=. ^tctus
^tctus @bsCj posftfg
posftfg tersebut
tersebut mcpct mfsertcf
mfsertcf mekjck
mekjck ctcu tckpc @BeCj
@BeCj posftfg. =
posftfg.

2.2.2 \ekjcru` fkgehsf W@B pcmc he`cdfack

Fkgehsf W@B hrokfs ctcu chut pcmc he`cdfack scdc mekjck popuacsf pcmc ududkyc.
Fkgehs
Fkgehsff W@B tfmch
tfmch dekyeb
dekyebcbh
cbhck
ck pekfkj
pekfkjhct
hctck
ck dortcaf
dortcaftcs
tcs dcupuk
dcupuk dekyeb
dekyebcbh
cbhck
ck egeh 
terctojekfh. Kcduk, pcmc fkgehsf W@B chut fksfmeksf uktuh tericmfkyc berct bcyf ac`fr 
rekmc` mck predctur aebf` tfkjjf. Mfdckc mfcbetes jestcsfokca, permcrc`ck cktepcrtud mck
 perscafkck predctur aebf` serfkj tericmf pcmc fkgehsf W@B hrokfh.> 

Heac`f
Heac`frck
rck predct
predctur
ur dekfkj
dekfkjhct
hct sebescr
sebescr 35->5%
35->5%,, yckj
yckj hedukj
hedukjhfk
hfkck
ck mfsebc
mfsebcbh
bhck
ck
hc
hcre
rekc
kc he
hecm
cmcc
cck
k pe
peky
kych
chft
ftky
kycc yc
yckj
kj be
berc
rct,
t, pe
pekj
kjcru
cru`
` vf
vfru
russ pc
pcmc
mc ic
ickf
kfk
k ct
ctcu
cu pa
pacse
csekt
ktc.
c.
Mfperhfrchck bc`wc hekcfhck hcmcr cscd edpemu mck cscd aedch bebcs berscdc mekjck
tfdbuakyc fhterus mcpct dekfkjhcthck tokus otot uterus mck deduacf perscafkck. >

]fmch mfmcpcthck cmckyc egeh terctojekfh dcupuk hokmfsf chut pcmc ickfk, se`fkjjc
mfckjjcp
mfckjjcp outnode
outnode bcyf
 bcyf yckj mfac`frhck mcrf fbu yckj terfkgehsf W@B scdc mekjck bcyf
yckj mfac`frhck mcrf fbu yckj tfmch terfkgehsf. \cmc ududkyc yckj dekicmf perdcscac`ck
mf sfkf cmcac` pekuacrck vertfhcakyc scic. Bfac fbu `cdfa terfkgehsf W@B pcmc he`cdfack
trfdester F mck FF dchc pekuacrck vertfhca `ckyc hurckj mcrf 3<%. ]etcpf bfac fkgehsf W@B
tericmf pcmc he`cdfack trfdester FFF, pekuacrck vertfhca dekicmf aebf` tfkjjf ycftu :7%. >

Fkg
Fkgeh
ehsf
sf chut W@B pcmc he`cdfack trfdester FFF
FFF ser
erffkj berh
rheedbckj
dekicm
dekicmf/d
f/deky
ekyebc
ebcbhc
bhck
k `epctf
`epctftfs
tfs guadfk
guadfkckt
ckt mck perscaf
perscafkck
kck predct
predctur
ur semckj
semckjhck
hck pcmc
pcmc
 perscafkck mcpct dekyebcbhck permcrc`ck postpcrtud terutcdc bfac tericmf jckjjuck
gukjsf `ctf. Mfhcrekchck cmckyc jckjjuck pcmc gukjsf `ctf dchc tericmf perpckickjck
wchtu protrodbfk
protrodbfk mck wchtu chtfvcsf
chtfvcsf pcrsfca
pcrsfca trodbopacst
trodbopacstfk
fk yckj mcpct dekyebcbh
dekyebcbhck
ck
henekmerukjck permcrc`ck, terutcdc permcrc`ck post pcrtud. >

30
 

2.2.>. \ekjcru` he`cdfack pcmc fkgehsf W@B

\cmc fbu `cdfa kordca serfkj teraf`ct tckmc-tckmc sepertf yckj hftc mcpcthck pcmc
 pekmerftc sfrosfs `ctf dfscakyc spfmer ckjfodc mck erftedc pcadcrfs. @ca fkf wcicr pcmc
he`cdfack sebcjcf chfbct dekfkjhctkyc hcmcr estrojek. ^eacdc he`cdfack dcsf` mcacd
 bctcs kordca, gukjsf `ctf tfmch chck terjckjju. \cmc tes acborctorfud gcca `ctf serfkj
mfmc
mfmcpc
pcth
thck
ck kfac
kfacfk
fkyc
yc yc
yckj
kj be
beru
rubc
bc`
` pc
pcmc
mc he
he`c
`cdf
dfac
ack
k trfd
trfdes
ester
ter FFF.
FFF. @c
@caa fk
fkff dukj
dukjhf
hfk
k
mfsebcbhck
mfsebcbhck hcrekc dekfkjhctk
dekfkjhctkyc
yc voaude
voaude pacsdc mcrc` se`fkjjc
se`fkjjc tericmf
tericmf `edomfausf
`edomfausf yckj
mfjcdbcrhck mekjck dekurukkyc protefk totca, cabudfk, jcdc jaobuafk mck cscd urct.
\acsektc yckj semckj berhedbckj dekj`csfahck cahcaf gosgctcse se`fkjjc hcmcr cahcaf
gosgctcse dekfkjhct mcacd mcrc`. Medfhfck iujc hoaesteroa, jaobuafk mck gfbrfkojek chck
dekfkj
dekfkjhct
hct.. Bfafru
Bfafrubfk
bfk,, trcksc
trckscdfk
dfkcse,
cse, cscd edpemu
edpemu tfmch
tfmch berubc
berubc`
` ctcu
ctcu bfac
bfac berub
berubc`
c`
dekfkjhct semfhft mck chck dekuruk acjf pcmc scct cterd.  >

Resfho fkgehsf W@B pcmc he`cdfack cmcac` scdc mekjck pcmc wckftc yckj tfmch 
`cdfa.
`cdfa. Bc`cyc
Bc`cyc fkgehs
fkgehsff terseb
tersebut
ut cmcac`
cmcac` scdc
scdc pcmc
pcmc seduc
seduc trfdes
trfdester
ter he`cdf
he`cdfack.
ack. \cmc
\cmc
dcsycrchct mekjck jfzf yckj bcfh, ckjhc hedctfck mcrf fkgehsf W@B pcmc wckftc `cdfa
dcup
dcupuk
uk wckf
wckftc
tc tfmc
tfmch
h `c
`cdf
dfaa cm
cmcac
cac`
` scdc.
scdc. ]etc
]etcpf
pf pc
pcmc
mc dcsy
dcsycrc
crchc
hctt me
mekj
kjck
ck dcsc
dcscac`
ac`
dcakutrfsf, ckjhc hedctfckkyc cmcac` aebf` tfkjjf tetcpf tetcp scdc pcmc wckftc `cdfa
dcupuk
dcupuk tfmch.
tfmch. Bfac
Bfac fkgehs
fkgehsff W@B tericmf
tericmf pcmc
pcmc he`cdf
he`cdfack
ack trfdes
trfdester
ter F ctcu
ctcu perdua
perduacck
cck
trfdester FF, dchc jeicac-jeicackyc chck scdc mekjck jeicac fkgehsf W@B pcmc wckftc
tfmch
tfmch `cdfa.
`cdfa. ^em
^emckj
ckjhck
hck fkgehsf
fkgehsf W@B yckj tericmf
tericmf pcmc
pcmc fbu `cdfa trfdes
trfdester
ter FFF, chck
dekfdbuah
dekfdbuahck
ck jeicac-jeica
jeicac-jeicacc yckj aebf` berct bc`hck mcpct dekukiuhhck
dekukiuhhck jeicac-jeicac
jeicac-jeicac
`epctf
`epctftfs
tfs guadfk
guadfkckt
ckt.. @ca fkf mfsebc
mfsebcbhc
bhck
k hcrekc
hcrekc pcmc
pcmc he`cdf
he`cdfack
ack trfdeste
trfdesterr FFF termcpc
termcpctt
megfsfeksf gchtor afpotrogfh mfsertcf hebutu`ck ickfk chck kutrfsf yckj dekfkjhct. @ca fkf
dekyebcbhck fbu dumc` ictu` he mcacd chut `epctfn kehrosfs. Ckjhc heicmfck `epctftfs
guadfkckt
guadfkckt pcmc wckftc
wckftc `cdfa berhfscr 3<-2<%, terutcdc tericmf pcmc he`cdfack trfdester 
FFF.

^eac
^eacdc
dc he
he`c
`cdf
dfack
ack teri
tericm
cmff be
bebe
berc
rcpc
pc pe
peru
rubc
bc`c
`ck
k pc
pcmc
mc sfste
sfsted
d fduk
fduk fb
fbu,
u, seper
sepertf
tf
 perjeserck pcmc hesefdbckjck ]`3-]`2 he respok ]`2, pekfkjhctck iudac` mcrf rejuactor 
sea ], maa, yckj berhoktrfbusf ter`cmcp pekurukck respok fduk ter`cmcp @BW. ]uiuck mcrf
 perubc`ck fkf cmcac` uktuh deknejc` tericmfkyc pekoachck ter`cmcp getus yckj sebcjfck
 bersfgct caojekfh ter`cmcp sfsted
sfs ted fduk fbu. \erubc`ck fkf dekyebcbhck pekfkjhctck MKC

36
 

@BW mck pekurukck aevea cdfkotrcksgercse. ^eteac` perscafkck tericmf perbcfhck hedbcaf
sfst
sfsted
ed fduk
fduk yc
yckj
kj deky
dekyeb
ebcb
cbhc
hck
k `c
`caa yc
yckj
kj sebca
sebcafh
fhky
kyc.
c. ]eric
]ericmf
mf pe
pekf
kfkj
kjhc
hctc
tck
k ca
cack
ckfk
fkee
cdfkotrcksgercse (CA]) yckj sfjkfgfhck mck pekurukck MKC @BW pcmc scct ftu.>

2.2.= ]rcksdfsf W@B perfkctca

]rcksdfsf perfkctca derupchck ncrc yckj pcafkj udud tericmf pcmc trcksdfsf @BW.
^ehftcr sepertfjc fkgehsf @BW mfmcpcthck deacauf trcksdfsf perfkctca. Fkgehsf @BW pcmc
keokctus mf megfkfsfhck sebcjcf mfmcpcthck @BsCj posftfg 7 buack seteac` ac`fr. Cktfbomf
uktuh
uktuh cktf-@B
cktf-@Bee mck cktf-`e
cktf-`epct
pctftf
ftfss B nore
nore cktfje
cktfjek
k mcpct
mcpct deaewc
deaewctf
tf scwcr
scwcr pacsek
pacsektc
tc mck
dekj`fackj sebeaud usfc 32 mck 2= buack. Icmf, ftu derupchck cktfbomf fbu trckspacsektc
mck buhck derupchck fkmfhctor fkgehsf @BW. >,5

Fkgehsf perfkctca mfdemfcsf deacauf tfjc ncrc utcdc9 3) trcksdfsf fktrcuterfke8 2)

trcksdfsf fktrcpcrtud ctcu acbor8 >) trcksdfsf postkctca. Dehckfsde trcksdfsf fktrcuterfke
dcsf` beaud bckych mfhetc`uf tcpf termcpctkyc fkgehsf fktrcuterfke mfperaf`cthck mcacd
 bebercpc stumf, mffkmfhcsfhck mekjck mfteduhckkyc
mfteduhckkyc @BsCj mck @BW MKC pcmc bcyf bcru
ac`fr mck mcrf pacsektc mck stumf \NR. Gchtor resfho uktuh tericmfkyc fkgehsf fktrcuterfke
cmcac` fbu mekjck @BeCj posftfg, MKC @BW yckj termetehsf, dutcsf spesfgfh caaea pcmc
@BW fbu, rfwcyct pcrtus predcturus fdfkeks, mck fkgehsf `epctftfs B chut mfmcpct scct
`cdfa, terutcdc scct trfdester ch`fr. @BeCj kejctfg pcmc fbu mekjck vfrca aocm yckj tfkjjf
(MKC @BW aocm ;3<0 FU/dA) derupchck resfho yckj tfkjjf uktuh tericmfkyc trcksdfsf
vfrus hepcmc ickfk mf fktrcuterfke.>,5

^eich acdc pcrc c`af berpekmcpct bc`wc pcrtfhea W@B utu` (pcrtfhea Mcke) mcacd
hecmcck bfcsc tfmch mcpct dekedbus pacsektc. Mc`uau mfmujc aewctkyc pcrtfhea Mcke
deacau
deacauff pacsek
pacsektc
tc `ckyc
`ckyc tericmf
tericmf bfac
bfac termcp
termcpct
ct heb
hebono
onorck
rck pacsekt
pacsektc,
c, dfscak
dfscakyc
yc bfac
bfac tericm
tericmff
robehck mck acfk-acfk. Kcduk, bckych buhtf dekukiuhhc bc`wc mcacd hecmcck tertektu
tckpc hebonorck pacsektc iujc mcpct tericmf perpfkmc`ck vfrus. Buhtf-buhtf tersebut cktcrc
acfk =>,0% mcrf icrfkjck `ctf mck serud bcyf yckj mfac`frhck oae` fbu @BsCj posftfg yckj
dekjcacdf cbortus terkyctc dekukiuhhck MKC W@B yckj posftfg mck bc`hck >>,>% bcyf-
 bcyf tersebut
te rsebut teac` dekjcacdf fktejrcsf MKC W@B mcacd jekod sea
s ea `ctf. Mfscdpfkj ftu,
 bckych keokctus yckj dekukiuhhc @BsCj posftfg mekjck tfter yckj sckjct tfkjjf pcmc
mcrc` tcaf pusct ctcupuk mcrc` bcyf yckj mfcdbfa pcmc `crf-`crf pertcdc seteac` ac`fr. @ca
fkf dekukiuhhck bc`wc W@B teac` dekjcacdf repafhcsf sebeaud bcyf mfac`frhck.

2<