@CEFLNNJ7
@CEFLNNJ7 LCYBI QM\YBNE

YV\]IV]\M
CECHRYBY
BE

I\MCVMF LR 7 VBK V\CBEM\ TCJC\ YV\]JV]\

 

@CELNNJ7 LCYBI QM\YBNE

YV\]IV]\M
CECHRYBY
BE

Tmeuhbs 7 \cylmet`c Njc Ycputrc, Y.V.

Tmrceiceo Yckpuh 7 Kc‒rua  Cefb
 Cefb Vnpce, Y.V.
Mfbtnr 7 Kc‒rua  Cefb
 Cefb Vnpce, Y.V.
Fbluct 7 Gueb, <4<4
Qmrsb 7 3.<
Imtcjce 7 B, Envmklmr <4<4

Tmreyctc
Tmreyc tccce @c
@cjj Ib
Ibptc
ptc
Tcsc
schh <
3) @cj Ibptc kmrupcjce `cj mjsjhusba lcob Tmeibptc ctcu Tmkmoceo @cj Ibptc uetuj
kme
km eou
ouku
kukkjcjcee ct
ctc
cu kmkmkpkpmr
mrlc
lceyeyccj Ibp bptc
tcc
cee
eeyc
yc,, yce
ceoo tbk
bklluh sm
smic
icrc
rc nt
ntn
nkc
kctbtbs
s sm
smtm
tmhc
hc`
` su
suc
ctu
ibptcc
ibptcce e fbh
fbhc`
c`br
brjce
jce tce
tcepc
pc kme
kmeourourceo
ceobb pm
pmklcklctcs
tcsce
ce kme
kmeuru
urutt pmr
pmrctu
cturce
rce pmr
pmrue
uefce
fceo-u
o-uefc
efceoc
eoce e yce
yceo
o
lmrhcju.
<)
Tcsc
Tc schh ?<
3) LcLcrc
rceo
eosbsbcp
cpcc fm
fmeo
eoce
ce sm
smeeoc
ocgc
gc fc
fcee tc
tcepepc
c `c
`cjj km
kmhchcju
jujc
jce e pm
pmrl
rluc
uctc
tcee sm
smlc
lcoc
ocbk
bkcececc fb
fbkc
kcjs
jsuf
uf
fchck Tcsch < cyct (3) ctcu Tcsch 62 cyct (3) fce cyct (<) fbpbfcec fmeoce pbfcec pmegcrc
kcs
kc sbe
beoo-kc
kcsbsbe
eo pch
chbe
beo
o sb
sbe
eoj
ojcct 3 (s(sc
ctu
tu)) luhuhce
ce fc
fcee ct
ctc
cu fm
fmef efc
c pc
pchb
hbe
eo sm
smffbj
bjbt
bt \p
\p.. 3.3.4
444
44.4
.44
44,
4,4
44
(Yctu Gutc \upbc`), ctcu pbfcec pmegcrc pchbeo hckc ? (tugu`) tc`ue fce ctcu fmefc pchbeo
lceyc
lce ycjj \p. =.4
=.444.
44.444
444.44
.444,4
4,444 (Hb
(Hbkc
kc Kbh
Kbhbcr
bcr \up
\upbc`
bc`).
).
<) Lcrceosbcpc fmeoce smeocgc kmeybcrjc jce,
e, kmkckm kmrrjce, kmeomfcrjc jcee, ctcu kmeguch
jmpcfc ukuk suctu Ibptcce ctcu lcrceo `csbh pmhceoocrce @cj Ibptc ctcu @cj Vmrjcbt
smlcocbkcec fbkc kcjjsu
suf
f pcfc cyct (3) fbpbfcec fmeoce pbfcec pmegcrc pchbeo hckc = (hbkc)
tc`u
tc`ue e fc
fcee ct
ctcu
cu fm
fmef
efcc pc
pchb
hbeo
eo lc
lceyeycj
cj \p
\p.. =4=44.
4.44
444.
4.44
444,
4,44
44 (H
(Hbkc
bkc \c
\ctu
tuss Gu
Gutc
tc \u
\upb
pbc`
c`).).
 

T\CJCVC
‘Bhk
Bhku
u btu luj
lujce
ce fb`
fb`cac
cach,
h, tmtcpb
tmtcpb yce
yceo
o km
kmklm
klmrb
rb Kce
Kceacc
acct 
t ‛ 
‛ 
-Bkck Yycab‒b -

Luju beb fblmetuj lmrtuguce smlcocb Tcefuce yceo kmkufc`jce pcrc

pmeo
pmeoou
ouec
ec km
kmeo
eouc
ucsc
scbb fcsc
fcscr-
r-fc
fcsc
scrr pcfc
pcfc cphb
cphbjc
jcsb
sb YC
YCT<
T<444® tmr`
444 tmr`cfcp
cfcp pmemrcp
pmemrcpceey
ceeyc
c

fchck cechbsc strujtur. Ymicrc rbeib luju beb kmegmhcsjce prnsmfur lcocbkcec

kmeoou
kmeoouecj
ecjce
ce cphbjc
cphbjcsb
sb YCT<444® fc
YCT<444 fcrb
rb tc`c
tc`cp
p pm
pmrk
rknf
nfmh
mhce
ce `b
`beo
eooc
oc tc`c
tc`cp
p ce
cech
chbs
bsc
c fm
fmeo
eoce
ce

inet
inetn`
n` st
stuf
ufbb jc
jcsu
sus
s sm
smfm
fmr`
r`ce
cec,
c, sm
sm`b
`beo
eooc
oc pm
pmkl
klci
cic
c fc
fcpc
pctt kmeo
kmeocp
cphb
hbjc
jcsb
sbjce
jce fc
fchc
hck
k fu
fueb
ebc
c

jnes
jnestr
truj
ujsb.
sb. Ecku
Eckue
e fm
fmkb
kbjb
jbce
ce,, ue
uetu
tuj
j kmeg
kmegcf
cfbb kc`b
kc`brr pm
pmkl
klci
cic
c gu
guoc
oc pm
pmrhu kmec
rhu kmecklc
klc`
` gck

tmrlceo fmeoce kmhcjujce hctb`ce-hctb`ce hcbeeyc, tmrutckc fmeoce jcsus

pm
pmrk
rknf
nfmh
mhce
ce pcfc
pcfc prny
prnymj
mj jnest
jnestru
rujsb
jsb.. Gb
Gbjc
jc pm
pmkl
klci
cic
c kmef
kmefcp
cpct
ctjce
jce pm
pmrs
rsnc
nchc
hce
e yceo
yceo suhbt
suhbt

fce kmrc
kmrcsc
sc fb
fbl
luju beb
beb lmh
mhuk
uk cf
cfc
c gcw
gcwcl
clce
ceey
eyc,
c, pm
pmkl
klci
cic
c fcp
cpct
ct kme
kmeob
obrb
rbk
k pmr
mrsn
snch
chce
ce

tmrs
tmrsml
mlut
ut jm m-kc
m-kcbh
bh pmeu
pmeuhb
hbs.
s.

Vb f cj cf c j m
ms
smmk
kp ur e
ec
cce t c
ce
e p c j n r mj s
sbb f ce p mk l me c` ce , uetuj btu

 Cprms
 Cp rmsbcs Vbe oobb jm
bcsbb Vbeoo jmpc
pcfc
fc cef
efc
c sm
smlc
lcoc
ocbb pm
pmkl
klc
cic gb
gbjc
jc kmkb
kmkbhb
hbjb
jb jrbt
jrbtbj
bj fc
fce
e sc
scrrce yceo

kmkl
kmklc
ceou
oue
e ue
uetu
tuj
j pm
pmeu
euhb
hbs
s fcp
cpct
ct kmey
kmeyc
ckpcb
kpcbjc
jce
e kmhc
kmhchu
hubb S\ in
infm
fm fb
fbl
lcw
cwc
c` beb,
beb, co
coc
cr 

fcpct kmkpmrlcbjb, kmeomklceojce bhku fce fcpct kmeuhbs jmklchb smrtc

kme
kmeuc
uceo
eojc
jce
eey
eyc
c fc
fchc
hck
k tuhb
hbsc
sce.
e. Cj`
j`br
br jc
jctc
tc sm
smkn
kno
oc fm
fme
eoc
oce
e luju
uju pce
cef
fuc
uce
e beb
beb fcp
cpct
ct

kmkl
kmklmr
mrbj
bjce
ce kcea
kceacc
cctt lc
lcob
ob jbt
jbtc
c sm
smku
kuc.
c.

Kchceo, 3< Envmklmr <4<4

\cylmet`c
\cylmet`c Njc Ycputrc,
Ycputrc, Y.V.
 

VCLHM NA

INEVMEV

KNF]HM 3 OMVVBEO YVC\VMF 4=

Nvmrvbmw 41
]smr Betmracim 40
Iustnkbzctbne 31
_nrjahnw Be Ycp<444 32

KNF]HM < I\MCVM KNFMH <6

Innrfbectm <=
Fmabem <1
Frcw & Mfbt Mhmkmets 9<
 Cssboe Mhmkmets 96
63
 Cssmsskmet
KNF]HM 9 HNCF CTTHR 69
Hncf Fmabebtbne 66
Gnbet Hncf 62
Arckm Hncf =<
 Crmc Hncf =1

KNF]HM 6 \MY]HVY CECHRYBY 14

Fmanrkmf Y`cpm 13
Gnbet \mcitbnes 19

Betmrech Anrims 16

Y`mhh Ytrmssms 10

Qbmw Vclhm 12
?4
Nutput Abhm
KNF]HM = YV]FR ICYMY ?3
Ytufy Icsm 3 Ybkphm Lmck ?<
Ytufy Icsm < <F Tnrtch
Tnrtch 0=

Ytufy Icsm 9 <F Vruss

Vruss 22

Ytufy Icsm 6 9F Arckm 33=

36?
Ytufy Icsm = 9F Vruss
Vruss
Ytufy Icsm 1 Lbhhlncrf Arckm 319

 C Y Y M Y Y K M E V 4 3 304
 C Y Y M Y Y K M E V 4 < 309
 

KNF]HM 43
OMVVBEO YVC\VMF

Nvmrvbmw
]smr Betmracim
Iustnkbzctbne
_nrjahnw Be Ycp<444
 

NQM\QBM_

Tr
Trno
norc
rck
k YCT<
YCT<44
444
4 kmrup
kmrupcj
cjce
ce pmeo
pmeomk
mklc
lceo
eoce
ce YCT (Ytruiturm Cechysbs Trnorck) yce
YCT ceo
o fb
fblu
luct
ct
nhm
nhm` Trna.
rna. Mfwcr
fwcrf
f H. _bh
_bhsn
sne
e fcrb
fcrb ]ebv
]ebvmr
mrsb
sbty
ty na Ichba
chban
nreb
rebc ct Lmr
mrjm
jmhm
hmy
y, ]Y sm
smjb
jbtc
tcrr tc
tc`u
`ue
e 32?
2?4.
4.
Tc
Tcfc
fc tc`u
tc`ue
e 32?=
32?= fblm
fblmet
etuj
ujhc
hc`
` pmru
pmrusc
sc`c
`cce
ce Inkp
nkputm
utmrr & Ytrui turm,, Bei. fb
trui turm fbpb
pbkp
kpbe
be nh
nhm`
m` Cs`
s`rc
rca 
a 
@clblu
@clbluhhc
hhc`
` yc
yceo
eo lmrtug
lmrtuguce
uce uet
uetuj
uj kmhcyc
kmhcyceb
eb jmpmrh
jmpmrhuce
uce jnkm
jnkmrsb
rsbch.
ch.

]kukey
]kukeyc
c YCT<4
YCT<444
44 fbouec
fbouecjce
jce uet
uetuj
uj kmeoce
kmeocechb
chbsbs
sbs strujt
strujtur
ur lceoue
lceouec
ce ctcs , sm
tcs sm`b
`beo
eooc
oc gcr
 gcrceo
ceo
nr
nrce
ceo
o kmeo
kmeoou
oue
ecjc
jce
e ue
uetu
tuj
j ce
cechbsbbs pn
chbs pnefc
efcs
s b lc
lceou
eouec
ece
e . Nrceo hmlb` sujc kme
kmeoouecjce
YCAM uetuj fmscbe pnefcsb. Vmr
Vmrfcpct lmlmrcpc Trnfuj Ynatwcrm yceo fbjmh
jmhucrjce
jce nhm`
Inkputmr & Ytruiturms Bei. ycbtu
cbtu77
3. YCT<444 (Omemrch)
<. MVCLY (Lubhfbeo)
9. YCAM (Anuefctbne)
6. IYB L
Lrrbfom (Lrbfom)
=. Mti.

Hmlb
Hmlb`
` hmeo
hmeojcp
jcpey
eyc
c fcpc
fcpctt fbhb
fbhb`c
`ctt fb wmls
wmlsbt
btm
m rm
rmskb
skb IYB.
IYB.
`ttps7//www.isbckmrbic.ink/prnfuits

YTMIBABICVBNE
Trnimssnr 
▧ Kbebkuk7 Sucf Inrm
▧ \minkkmefmf7 Nitc Inrm nr knrm

Npmrctbeo Yystmk
▧ Kbirnsnat® _befnws ?, Kbirnsnat® _befnws 0 nr Kbirnsnat® _befnws 34
▧ 16-lbt prnimssnr

▧ Kmknry
▧
Kbebkuk7 0 OL \CK

Fbsj Ypcim
▧ 1 OL tn bestchh t`m snatwcrm.
sna twcrm.
▧  Cffbtbnech spcim wbhh lm rmqubrmf anr rueebeo cef stnrbeo knfmh abhms cef cechysbs rmsuhts,
fm
fmpm
pmef
efme
mett up
upne
ne t`
t`m
m sbz
sbzm na t`
t`m
m knfm
knfmhs
hs
▧ \minkk
kkm mefmf7 =44OL nr hcromr TIBm Ynhbf Ytctm Frbvm (YYF) F).. Mxtm
xtmrec
rech cef emtwnrj
frbv
frbvms
ms crm
crm ent
ent rm
rmin
inkkm
kkmef efmf
mf..

Qbfmn Orcp`bi Icrf

▧ Kbebkuk7 Yuppnrtbeo 34<6 ly ?10 rmsnhutbne cef 31 lbts inhnrs anr stcefcrf (OFB+)
orcp`b
orcp`bis
is knfm
▧ \minkkmefmf7 Fbsirmtm vbfmn icrf wbt` EQBFBC OT] nr mqubvchmet cef fmfbictmf
or
orcp
cp`b
`bis
is \CK
\CK (=
(=3<
3< Kl nr hcro
hcromr
mr)) an
anrr Fbrmi
brmitP
tP or
orcp
cp`b
`bis
is kn
knfm
fm.. V`
V`m
m ic
icrf
rf kust
kust lm Fbrm
rmit
itP
P 33
Inkpctblhm.

OMVVBEO YVC\VMF 1
 

NQM\QBM_

Fbfb
Fbfbrb
rbjc
jce
e pc
pcfc
fc tc
tc`u
`ue
e 32
32?=
?=,, Jnk
nkpu
puttmr fc
fce
e Ytr
tru
ujt
jtur
ur,, Bei
ei.. (IY
(IYB) fb
fbcj
cjub
ub sm
smic
icrc
rc oh
ohnl
nlch
ch sm
smlc
lcoc
ocbb
pmrbetbs pmkbkp
kbkpbbe fchck pmrceojct huecj yceo smsucb uetuj strujtur fce tmjebj omkpc.
Tm
Tmrc
rceo
eojc
jctt hu
huec
ecj
j fc
fcrb
rb IYB
IYB fbou
fbouec
ecjc
jce
e nhm`
nhm` rb
rblu
luce
ce pm
pmru
rusc
sc`c
`cce
ce rm
rmjc
jcy
ycsc
csc fb hm
hmlb
lb`
` fc
fcrb
rb 314
314 em
emoc
ocrc
rc
ue
uetu
tuj
j kmrc
kmrcei
eice
ceo
o pr
prny
nymj
mj-p
-prn
rny
ymj lm
lmsc
scr,
r, tm
tmrk
rkcs
csu
uj Vc
Vcbbpm
pmbb 34
343
3 fb Vc ce,  Nem _nrhf Vrcfm
Vcbbwce,
Imetmr fb Emw Rnrj, Nhbkp
kpbbcfm <440 Ytcfbne Ycrc
rce
eo Lurueo fb Lmbgbeo fce jclmh-tbeooch
Imet
Imetme
mecr
crbn
bn Gmklc
Gmklctc
tce
e yceo
ceo kmhbe
kmhbetc
tcsb
sb Vmr
Vmrus
usce
ce Tc
Tcec
eckc
kc.. IYB
IYB pm
pmrc
rceo
eojc
jctt hu
huec
ecj
j be
bebb fb
fbfu
fujue
jueo
o nh
nhm`
m`
hml
hmlb` fc
fcrb
rb mkpc
mkpctt fm
fmjc
jcfm
fm pm
pmem
emhhbt
btbbce fc
fce
e pm
pmeo
eom
mkl
klce
ceoc
oce,
e, sm
sm`b
`beo
eooc
oc yce
ceo
o tm
tmrp
rpmr
mric
icy
yc fm
fme
eoc
oce
e
pbhb`ce fmscbe yceo iceoob` prnamsbnech fb kcec-kc
kce
ec. Vmrfcpct = prnfuj utckc yceo
fbjmhuc
fbjmhucrjce
rjce nhm
nhm`
` IYB7
IYB7

fbouecjce
fbouecjce pcfc lceou
lceouece
ece sbpbh
sbpbh,, smpmrtb
smpmrtb lmefueoce,
lmefueoce, kmecrc jnkuebjcsb,
jnkuebjcsb,
stcfbne,
stcfbne, pclrbj-pcl
pclrbj-pclrbj
rbj befus
befustrb
trb fce lceouece.
lceouece.

fbouec
fbouecjce
jce uet
uetuj
uj fmscbe
fmscbe gmkl
gmklctc
ctce
e lmt
lmtne
ne fce lcgc.
lcgc.

fbouecjce
fbouecjce uet
uetuj
uj omfueo
omfueo lmr
lmrtbe
tbeojct
ojct jnkm
jnkmrsb
rsbch
ch fce pmrukc`
pmrukc`ce
ce strujtu
strujtur 
r 
lceouece,
lceou ece, smpmrtb
smpmrtb omfueo pmrjcetnrce,
pmrjcetnrce, cpcrtmkme
cpcrtmkme fce rukc` scjbt.

kmeymfb
kmeymfbcjc
cjce
e Ybstmk
Ybstmk yc
yceo
eo mabsb
mabsbme
me fce juct
juct prnorck
prnorck uetuj
uetuj cechb
cechbsbs
sbs fce
fmscbe
fmscbe lmt
lmtne
ne fce pnefc
pnefcsb,
sb, fmeoce
fmeoce ctc
ctcu
u tcepc
tcepc pnst-t
pnst-tmes
mesbne
bnebeo
beo..

fbouec
fbouecjce
jce uet
uetuj
uj fmscbe
fmscbe ene
enehbe
hbemcr
mcr yc
yceo
eo lmrfcs
lmrfcscrjc
crjce
e jmkckpu
jmkckpuce
ce fmscbe
fmscbe..

Tcfc fcscreyc prnfuj fcrb IYB kmkbhbjb jmueoouhce kcsbeo-kcsbeo smsucb fmeoce
jmlutu`
jmlutu`cee
ceeyc
yc,, Tcf
Tcfc
c YCT<4
YCT<444
44 kmkbhbj
kmkbhbjbb aue
aueosb
osb cetcrc
cetcrc hcb
hcbe7
e7

• Fcpc
Fcpctt kme
kmeob
obkpn
kpnrr fce
fce mjspn
mjspnrr pr
prng
ngmi
mitt ab
abhm
hm..
• Kmkluct fce kmknf
Kmkluct kmknfbabbabjcs
jcsbb orbf.
orbf.
• Kmeo
Kmeooc
ocklc
klcrr pmrkn
pmrknfm
fmhc
hce
e st
stru
rujtu
jturr <F fce
fce 9F.
9F.
• Kmeooc
Kmeoocklcr
klcr pmrknfm
pmrknfmhce
hce str
strujtu
ujturr fmeoce
fmeoce omn
omnkmtr
kmtrbb smfmr`
smfmr`cec
cec `beooc
`beooc jnkphmj
jnkphmjs.
s.
• Kmklu
Kmkluct
ct pmrkn
pmrknfm
fmhc
hce
e st
stru
rujtu
jturr lmtn
lmtne,
e, lcgc
lcgc,, chuku
chukueb
ebuk,
uk, icec
icecbb fb
fbeo
eobe
be,, fh
fhh.
h.
• Fbouec
Fbouecjce
jce uet
uetuj
uj pmr`bt
pmr`btueo
ueoce
ce cechb
cechbsbs
sbs stru
strujtur
jtur stctbj
stctbj// fbeckbj
fbeckbj..
• Kmkluct
Kmkluct nutput
nutput hcpnrc
hcpnrce.
e.

OMVVBEO YVC\VMF ?
 

]YM\ BEVM\ACIM
T\NGMIV BEAN\KCVBNE

Tcf
cfc
c cwch
cwch kmkl
kmklu
uct hmklcr
klcr jm
jmrrgc lcr
cru
u, pm
pmrh
rhu
u kmkl
kmklmr
mrbbjc
jce
e bea
eanr
nrkc
kcsb
sb gm
gmhhcs pc
pcfc
fc su
suct
ctu
u pr
prng
ngm
mit
cocrr kmkufc`
coc kmkufc`jce
jce prngmit abhm fbpc
fbpc`c
`ckb,
kb, fbkme
fbkmeom
omrt
rtb,
b, fc
fce
e ue
uetu
tuj
j fc
fctc
tc hc
hcpn
pnrc
rce
e jmtbj
jmtbjc
c fb
fblu
lutu
tu`j
`jce
ce..
Icrcey
Icrceyc
c jhbj
jhbj Abhm Kmeu 5 Emw Knfmh 5 Knfbay/Y`nw Beanrkctbne.

Ocklcr Fbchno Lnx Emw Knfmh

Ocklcr Fbchno Lnx Trngmit Beanrkctbne

OMVVBEO YVC\VMF 0
 

]YM\ BEVM\ACIM
I\MCVM T\NGMIV ABHM

Fchc
Fchck
k km
kmklu
kluct
ct pmrk
pmrknf
nfmh
mhce
ce hceo
hceojc
jc`
` pmrt
pmrtckc
ckc yceo
ceo fb
fbhc
hcju
jujce
jce cf
cfch
chc`
c` kmklu
kmkluct
ct Hm
Hmkl
klcr
cr Jm
Jmrgc
rgc//
Abhm
Abhm Trn
Trnym
ymj.
j.
▧ Jhbj Ab hm
hm Kmeu 5 Emw Knf
nfmmh , ctcu tmjce Itrh + E. Kcjc cjce jmhucr tckpbhce smpmrtb
ocklcr
ocklcr fbl
fblcw
cwc`
c` beb.
beb.

Fbchno Lnx Emw Knfmh

Fchck tmkph
kphctm tmrsmfbc lmrlcocb gmebs yceo fcpct fbouecjce uetuj kmk
kmkufc`jce usmr 
kmefmsc
kmefmscbe
be pmr
pmrknfm
knfmhce
hce strujtu
strujturr yc
yceo
eo fbrmei
fbrmeicec
cecjce.
jce.

Vm
Vmet
etuj
ujce
ce ]ebt
]ebts
s yce
ceo
o cj
cjce
ce fbou
fbouec
ecjc
jce.
e. Tc
Tcfc
fc tc
tckp
kpbh
bhce
ce smpm
smpmrt
rtbb fb
fbct
ctcs
cs kcjc
kcjc usmr
usmr fc
fcpc
pctt kmkb
kmkbhb
hb`
`
 gmebs tmkphctm kcec yceo fbouecjce uetuj kmkluct knfmh strujtur. Kcsujjce fctc yceo
fbpmrh
fbpmrhujc
ujce
e smsucb
smsucb fme
fmeoce
oce fctc
fctc pmr
pmrmei
meicec
cecce
ce knfmh.
knfmh.

OMVVBEO YVC\VMF 2
 

]YM\ BEVM\ACIM
_N\JYTCIM

Tc
Tcfc
fc hm
hmkl
klcr
cr jm
jmrg
rgc
c YCT<
YCT<44
444
4 kmkb
kmkbhb
hbjb
jb < tc
tckp
kpbh
bhce
ce fm
fmac
acuh
uhtt sm
smpm
pmrt
rtbb oc
ockl
klcr
cr fb
fblc
lcwc
wc`
` be
bebb sm
sm`b
`beo
eooc
oc
fcpc
fcpctt kmh
kmhb`
b`ct
ct pmrkn
pmrknfm
fmhc
hce
e fcrb
fcrb tc
tckpc
kpcj
j yceo
ceo lmrl
lmrlmf
mfc
c ce
cetc
tcrr tc
tckpb
kpbhc
hce.
e.

Kcbe Kmeu Lcr 

\bllne Vnnh

]ebts
Ytctus lcr 

Ocklcr Vckpbhce
Vckpbhce Hmklcr
Hmklcr Jmrgc

Vc
Vckp
kpbh
bhce
ce fc
fcpc
pctt fbtc
fbtckl
klc`
c`jc
jce
e kcup
kcupue
ue fbju
fbjurc
rceo
eojc
jce,
e, icrc
icrcey
eyc
c jhbj
jhbj sm
smob
obtb
tboc
oc cr
crc`
c` jm
jmlc
lcw
wc` pc
pcfc
fc
 gmefmhc tckpbhce jmkufbce jhbj Cff Emw _befnw uetuj kmecklc`jce, fce jhbj tcefc sbceo
uetuj
uetuj kmeo`bh
kmeo`bhceo
ceojce
jce gme
gmefmh
fmhc
c tckpbhc
tckpbhce
e

Ihnsm _befnw

Nptbne _befnw

 Citb
 Ci tb vm _be fn w

 Cff
 Cf f Emw _b ef nw

Ocklcrr uetuj Kmecklc`/K

Ocklc Kmecklc`/Kmeou
meourceob
rceob Vckpbhce
Vckpbhce Hmklcr Jmrgc
Jmrgc

OMVVBEO YVC\VMF 34
 

]YM\ BEVM\ACIM
ECQBOCVBNE

Tc
Tcfc
fc hmkl
hmklcr
cr jm
jmrg
rgc
c YCT<
YCT<44
444
4 kmkb
kmkbhb
hbjb
jb < ic
icrc
rc uetu
uetuj
j km
kmhhcjuj
cjujce
ce ec
ecvb
vboc
ocsb
sb pc
pcfc
fc hm
hmkl
klcr
cr jm
jmrg
rgc
c ycb
cbtu
tu
kmeooue
kmeoouecjc
cjce
e knusm
knusm fmeoce
fmeoce jmylnc
jmylncrf
rf fce pmrbet
pmrbetc`.
c`.

]sbeo Knusm cef Jmylncrf

Tce V`m Knfm

nfmhh
Jh
Jhbj
bj knusm
knusm w`mm
w`mmh/
h/ kbf
kbffhm
fhm luttn
luttne
e kn
knusm
usm hchu
hchu omsmr
omsmr kn
knusm
usm

Wn n
nkk Be ce f Wn nk
nk Nu t
Yi
Yirn
rnhh
hh jm fmpc
fmpce
e uetu
uetuj
j zn
znnk
nk be
Yirn
Yirnhh
hh jm lmhcj
lmhcjce
ceo
o uetu
uetuj
j zn
znnk
nk nut
nut

\ntc
ntctm
tm t`m Knfm
nfmhh
Y@
Y@BA
BAV
V+ Vmjce
Vmjce tnklnh Y@
tnklnh Y@BA
BAV
V + Knu
Knusm
sm _`m
_`mmh
mh

]sbeo Inkkcef

Tce V`m Knfm

nfmhh
]etu
]etuj
j Km
Kmeo
eoom
omsmr
smr knf
knfmh
mh pcf
pcfc
c hmk
hmklc
lcrr jmrgc
jmrgc (Y
(Y`ba
`batt + A6)
A6)

Wn nk
nk Be ce f Wn n
nkk Nu t
]etuj
]etuj kmkp
kmkpmrl
mrlmsc
mscr/
r/ kmk
kmkpmr
pmrjmib
jmibhh knfm
knfmhh pcfc
pcfc hmklcr
hmklcr jmrgc
jmrgc
(Y`b
(Y`bat
at + A< ctcu
ctcu Y`
Y`ba
batt +A9)
+A9)

\ntctm
\ntctm V`m Knfm
Knfmhh
]etu
]etuj
j kmk
kmkut
utcr
cr kn
knfm
fmhh fch
fchck
ck 9F Qb
Qbmw
mw

OMVVBEO YVC\VMF 33
 

]YM\ BEVM\ACIM
YMV QBM_

Tcf
cfc
c cwch
cwch kmkl
kmklu
uct hmklcr
klcr jm
jmrrgc lcr
cru
u, pm
pmrh
rhu
u kmkl
kmklmr
mrbbjc
jce
e bea
eanr
nrkc
kcsb
sb gm
gmhhcs pc
pcfc
fc su
suct
ctu
u pr
prng
ngm
mit
cocr
cocr km
kmkuf
kufc`
c`jce
jce pr
prngm
ngmit
it ab
abhm
hm fbpc
fbpc`c
`ckb
kb fce
fce uetu
uetuj
j fctc
fctc hc
hcpn
pnrc
rce
e Jm
Jmtb
tbjc
jc fb
fblu
lutu
tu`j
`jce
ce.. Icrc
Icrcey
eyc
c jhb
jhbj
j
Ab
Abhm
hm Km
Kmeu
eu 5 Emw
Emw Knfm
Knfmhh 5 Knfb
Knfbay
ay/Y
/Y`n
`nw
w Be
Bean
anrk
rkct
ctbn
bne.
e.

Ocklcr Fbchno Lnx Ymt <F Qbmw Ocklcr Fbchno Lnx Ymt 9F Qbmw

<F Qbmw
9F Qbmw

OMVVBEO YVC\VMF 3<

 

]YM\ BEVM\ACIM
YMV FBYTHCR NTVBNE

Tc
Tcfc
fc pm
pmeo
eoou
ouec
ecce
ce YCT<
YCT<44
444
4 tc
tckp
kpbh
bhce
ce fc
fcpc
pctt fb ct
ctur
ur kmey
kmeyms
msuc
ucbj
bjce
ce jm
jmlu
lutu
tu`c
`ce
e yce
ceo
o be
beob
obe
e usmr 
usmr 
tckpb
tckpbhjc
hjce,
e, icrc
icrcey
eyc
c fmeoc
fmeoce
e jhbj
jhbj Qbmw
Qbmw Km
Kmeu
eu 5 Ym
Ymtt Fb
Fbsp
sphc
hcy
y Nptb
Nptbne
ne..

9F Qbmw

<F Qbmw

OMVVBEO YVC\VMF 39
 

]YM\ BEVM\ACIM
F M O \ M M N A A \ M M F N K
Fmrc
Fmrcgc
gctt jmlml
jmlmlcsce (Fmormm na Armmfnk) kmeu
csce kmeueg
eguj
ujjc
jce
e gm
gmeb
ebs
s pm
pmro
romr
mrcj
cjce
ce pcfc
pcfc knfm
knfmhh stru
strujt
jtur
ur..
tmrlc
tmrlcob
ob kme
kmegc
gcfb
fb < gmeb
gmebs
s pmro
pmromr
mrcjc
cjce
e ycbt
ycbtu7
u7
• Vrceshc
Vrceshcsb
sb (u),
(u), pmrpbe
pmrpbefc`
fc`ce
ce smgcgc
smgcgcrr fme
fmeoce
oce sukl
suklu
u
• \ntc
\ntcsb
sb (r),
(r), pmrp
pmrput
utcr
crce
ce kmkut
kmkutcr
crbb suklu
suklu tm
tmrs
rsml
mlut
ut

Ocklcr
Ocklcr Meck
Meck Fmrcgc
Fmrcgctt Jmlmlcsce (Ybx Fmormm na Armmfnk)
Jmlmlcsce Armmfnk)

Fchck omrcjce smcrc` suklu kmkbh

kbhbjb ebhcb pnsbtba (+) fce ebhcb emoctba (-) uetuj omrcjce
lmrhcwcece suklu. Fchck rntcsb fce knkme
kme fbouecjce jcbfc` tceoce jcece smlcocb
pcef
pcefuc
uce
e uetu
uetuj
j cr
crc`
c` fce
fce putc
putcrc
rce.
e.

Ocklcr
Ocklcr Jcb
Jcbfc`
fc` Vce
Vceoce
oce Jce
Jcece
ce uet
uetuj
uj suklu
suklu fce crc`
crc` put
putcrc
crce
e

OMVVBEO YVC\VMF 36
 

]YM\ BEVM\ACIM
C P B Y
Yu
Yuklu
klu tmrl
tmrlco
cobb kme
kmegc
gcfb
fb < lmrf
lmrfcs
cscr
cr cr
crmc
mc ycbt
ycbtu7
u7
• Yuklu
uklu Oh
Ohnl
nlch
ch (P,
(P, R, W)
• Yuklu
uklu Hn
Hnjc
jchh (x
(x,, y, z)
Tcfc prnorck YCT<444 entcsb trceshcsb fce pmrpbefc`ce uetuj suklu hnjch x, y, fce z
fbsmlut smicrc lmrurutce fmeoce suklu 3, <, fce 9 smf
smfceojce trceshc
shcsb fce pmrp
rpbbefc`ce
ue
uetu
tuj
j su
sukl
klu
u oh
ohnl
nlch
ch fbsm
fbsmlu
lutt fm
fmeo
eoce
ce x, y, z. fcpc
fcpctt fbhb
fbhb`c
`ctt sm
smpm
pmrt
rtbb pc
pcfc
fc ockl
ocklcr
cr fb
fblc
lcwc
wc`
` be
bebb

Ocklcrr Yuklu Ohnlch

Ocklc Ohnlch fce Yuklu
Yuklu Hnjch

Mh
Mhmk
mkme
me yce
ceo
o fboc
fbockl
klcr
cr fc
fchc
hck
k hmkl
hmklcr
cr jm
jmrg
rgc
c kmkb
kmkbhb
hbjb
jb su
sufu
futt oh
ohnl
nlch
ch fc
fce
e hn
hnjc
jchh fb
fbkc
kcec
ec cr
crc`
c` sukl
suklu
u
lmrfcs
lmrfcscr
cr mhm
mhmkme
kme btu fbocklc
fbocklcr.
r.

<
3

Ocklcrr Yuklu
Ocklc Yuklu Ohnlch
Ohnlch fce
fce Yuklu Hnjch pcfc Mhmkme
Mhmkme

OMVVBEO YVC\VMF 3=
 

I]WVNKBWCVBNE
LCIJO\N]EF _N\JYTCIM

Vck
Vckpbhce gmefmhc jm
jmrrgc fcpct fbjn
jns
stuk smsucb fmeoce jmkcu
kcuce usmr lcbj btu wcrec `btck,
pu
putb
tb`,
`, kcup
kcupue
ue wcre
wcrec
c hcbe
hcbeey
eyc.
c. ]etu
]etuj
j kmeo
kmeoct
ctur
ur wcre
wcrec
c wnrj
wnrjsp
spci
cim
m cf
cfc
c pc
pcfc
fc Nptb
Nptbne
nes
s 5 Inhn
Inhnrs
rs 5
Fbsphcy.

Fbchno Lnx Cssboe Inhnr 

   f
  e
  u
  n
  r
  o
   j
  i
  c
   L
  m
   t
   b
   `
   _

   f
  e
  u
  n
  r
  o
   j
  i
  c
   L
   j
  i
  c
   h
   L

OMVVBEO YVC\VMF 31
 

I]WVNKBWCVBNE
]EBVY

]ebt
]ebts
s cf
cfch
chc`
c` sc
sctu
tuce
ce yceo
ceo fbou
fbouec
ecjc
jce
e sc
scct
ct kmeo
kmeobe
bepu
putt fc
fctc
tc fc
fchc
hck
k YCT<
YCT<44
444
4 ue
uetu
tuj
j kmem
kmemet
etuj
ujce
ce
lm
lmsc
scrc
rce
e fctc
fctc yce
ceo
o fbb
fbbep
eput
ut fce usmr
usmr fc
fcp
pct kmh
kmhb`c
b`ct eb
ebhc
hcbb tm
tmrs
rsml
mlut
ut.. Hc
Hceo
eojc
jc`
` ue
uettuj kmem
kmemet
etu
ujc
jce
e
uebt
uebt ycb
cbtu
tu jh
jhbj
bj Nptb
Nptbne
nes
s 5 Ym
Ymtt Tr
Trno
norc
rck
k Fmacu
Fmacuht
ht Fctc
Fctclc
lcsm
sm Euklm
Euklmrr Anrkc
Anrkctt
ttbe
beo
o Nptb
Nptbne
nes.
s.

Fbchno Lnx Trnorck Fmacuht Fctclcsm Euklmr Anrkcttbeo Nptbnes

Gbjc usmr beobe kme

kmeoouecjce uebts sckc uetuj smt
smtbcp Btmk, icwceojce
jce jntcj Chwcy
cys
s ]sm
Iur
urrm
rme
et ]ebts
ebts,, jm
jmku
kuf
fbce
bce jhbj
jhbj NJ.
NJ. Ymhce
mhcegu
gute
tey
yc fcpc
fcpctt fb
fbhb
hb`c
`ctt pcfc
pcfc pn
pngn
gnj
j jc
jcec
ece
e lcwc` Gm
Gmef
efm
mhc
Jm
Jmrg
rgc
c uetu
uetuj
j kme
kmeme
metu
tujc
jce
e uebt
uebt yceo
yceo cjc
cjce
e fbou
fbouec
ecjce
jce..

Ocklcrr Hmtcj
Ocklc Hmtcj ]ebt

OMVVBEO YVC\VMF 3?
 

I]WVNKBWCVBNE
O\CT@BI KNFM

]etuj
etuj kmrb
kmrbeo
eoc
cejc
jce
e Jbem
emrg
rgc
c Hcpt
Hcptn
np/
p/T
TI, fc
fcpc
pctt kmeo
kmeoul
ulc`
c` tc
tckp
kpbbhce knfc
knfc or
orc
cab
abj
j fb Nptb
Nptbne
nes
s 5
Orcp`bi Knfm 5 Fbrmit P. Lmrtuguce cocr prnsms rmefmrbeo pmrkn
knf
fmhce fmscbe strujtur 
fbpr
fbprns
nsms
ms nhm`
nhm` jcr
jcrtu
tu or
orcab
cabs
s (O
(OT]
T])) sm`b
sm`beo
eooc
oc kmeour
kmeource
ceob
ob lm
lmlc
lce
e jmrgc
jmrgc pr
prns
nsms
mssn
snrr (I
(IT]
T]).
).

Ytcefcrf Orcp`bi FbrmitP

JMRLNC\F Y@N\VI]V

Tc
Tcfc
fc YCT<
YCT<44
444,
4, usmr
usmr fcpc
fcpctt kmkl
kmkluc
uctt ct
ctcu
cu kme
kmejn
jnst
stuk
ukbs
bscs
csbb gc
gchc
hce
e pb
pbet
etcs
cs (s`nr
(s`nrti
tiut
ut)) ue
uetu
tuj
j sm
smtb
tbcp
cp
inkkc
kce
ef pcfc jmylncrf. ]etuj kmeoctur s`nrtiut tmrfcpct pcfc Nptbnes5 Iustnkbzm
Jmylncrf
Jmylncrf Y`nrtiut.
Y`nrtiut.

Fbchno Lnx Iuztnkbzm

OMVVBEO YVC\VMF 30
 

_N\JAHN_
NLGMIVY MHMKMEVY

Nlgm
Nlgmj
j fc
fce
e mhmk
mhmkm
me km
kmru
rupc
pcjc
jce
e fc
fcsc
scrr fc
fchc
hck
k km
kmef
efm
msc
scbbe knfm
knfmhh stru
strujt
jtur
ur uet
etu
uj ce
cech
chbs
bsc.
c. Nlgm
Nlgmj
j
yc
yceo
eo fboc
fbockl
klcr
cr fc
fchc
hck
k hmkl
hmklcr
cr jm
jmrg
rgc
c kmkb
kmkbhb
hbjb
jb tb
tbpm
pm mhmk
mhmkme
me yce
ceo
o jm
jmku
kufb
fbce
ce cjce
cjce fb
fbou
ouec
ecjc
jce
e ue
uetu
tuj
j
kmeocec
kmeocechbs
hbsc
c knfm
knfmhh strujtu
strujturr tmrsml
tmrsmlut.
ut.

NLGMIV
NLG MIV-LCYMF
-LCYMF KNFMH
KNFMH

MHMKMEV-LCYMF KNFMH

 CECH RYBY KNFMH

Ocklcr Trnsms Trnorck YCT<444® Kmhc
Kmhcjujce
jujce Cechbsc
Cechbsc

Tc
Tcfc
fc YCT<
YCT<44
444
4 nlgm
nlgmj
j fblc
fblcob
ob kme
kmegc
gcfb
fb lmlm
lmlmrcp
rcpc
c tb
tbpm
pm lm
lmrf
rfcs
cscr
cr fb
fbkme
kmesb
sb om
omnkm
nkmtr
trbj7
bj7
▧ Tnbet
nbet Nlgm
Nlgmit
it ; Vbtb
Vbtbj
j tm
tmro
rock
cklc
lcrr nt
ntnk
nkct
ctbbs pc
pcfc
fc sm
smtb
tbcp
cp ug
ugue
ueo
o sm
smtb
tbcp
cp tb
tbpm
pm nl
nlgm
gmj
j hc
hcbbee
eey
yc.
▧ Hbem Nlgmit ; Ocrbs fblcob kmegcfb 6 tbpm ycbtu7
- Arckm Nl
N lgmit 7 fbouecjce uetuj kmknfmhjce lchnj, jnhnk,
lrmbsb
lrmbsbeo,
eo, fce rceojc.
rceojc.
- Iclhm Nlgmit 7 fbouecjce uetuj kmknfmhjce jclmh.
- Vmefne Nlgmit 7 fbouecjce uetuj kmknfmhjce tmefne.
- Hbej/suppnrt nlgmit 7 fbouecjce uetuj kmknfmhjce kmklmr fmeoce
pmrbhc
pmrbhcju
ju j`us
j`usus
us (bsnhc
(bsnhctnr
tnr,, fckpmr,
fckpmr, fhh
fhh).
).
▧  Crmc Nlgmit ; fbouecjce uetuj kmknfmhjce mhmkmet s`mhh (inetn`7 fbefbeo omsmr 
fce pmh
pmhct
ct hcetcb
hcetcb).
).
▧ Ynhb
nhbf Nlgm
Nlgmit
it ; fbou
bouec
ecjc
jce
e ue
uettuj km
kmkn
knfm
fmhhjc
jce
e tb
tboc
oc fb
fbkm
kmes
esbb sn
snhhbf
bf..

OMVVBEO YVC\VMF 32
 

_N\JAHN_
AHN_I@C\V
Ymi
mic
crc ukuk,
kuk, fc
fchhck su
suc
ctu pm
pmrm
rmei
eice
cecc
cce
e st
stru
rujt
jtur
ur,, hc
hceo
eojc
jc`-
`-hc
hce
eojc
jc`
` yce
ceo
o fb
fbpm
pmrh
rhuj
ujce
ce ue
uettuj
cech
cechbs
bsc
c fce
fce fmsc
fmscbe
be st
stru
rujtu
jturr kmeoo
kmeooue
uecjc
cjce
e YCT<
YCT<44
444
4 fb
fbsc
scgb
gbjce
jce pc
pcfc
fc ah
ahnw
nwi`
i`cr
crtt fb
fblc
lcwc
wc`
` be
beb.
b.

Kuhcb

Tmeoukpuhce Fctc

Tmeoocklcrce
Tmrknfmhce

Tmklmlcece

Vbfcj

 Cech bs c Ytr uj tu
tur 
r  Vbfcj

Jnetrnh
Nutput
Rc
Rc

Vbfcj
Hcegut \mjcpbtuhc
\mjcpbtuhcsb
sb Nutput

Rc

Fmscbe
Fmscbe Ytrujtu r 

\mfmsboe

Vbfcj

\mjcpbtuhcsb
Nutput

Ymhmscb

Fbcorck Chbr Trnsms Tmrmeicecce

OMVVBEO YVC\VMF <4

 

_N\JAHN_
KNFMHBEO
Ymi
mic
crc ukuk,
kuk, fc
fchhck su
suc
ctu pm
pmrm
rmei
eice
cecc
cce
e st
stru
rujt
jtur
ur,, hc
hceo
eojc
jc`-
`-hc
hce
eojc
jc`
` yce
ceo
o fb
fbpm
pmrh
rhuj
ujce
ce ue
uettuj
cech
cechbs
bsc
c fce
fce fmsc
fmscbe
be st
stru
rujtu
jturr kmeoo
kmeooue
uecjc
cjce
e YCT<
YCT<44
444
4 fb
fbsc
scgb
gbjce
jce pc
pcfc
fc ah
ahnw
nwi`
i`cr
crtt fb
fblc
lcwc
wc`
` be
beb.
b.

Ytcrt

Irmctm Abhm

Fmabem Kctmrbch(s)

Fmabem Mhmkmet(s)

Frcw Knfmhbeo

 Cssb oe Mhmk
Mhmkmet
met (s)

Fmabem
Hncf Tcttmre(
Tcttmre(s)
s)

Fmabem
Hncf Icsm(s)

Fmabem
Hncf Inklbectbne(s)

 Cssb oe Hn cf

On tn Cechyzm

Fbcorck Chbr
Chbr Trnsms Tmrmeicecce
Tmrmeicecce

OMVVBEO YVC\VMF <3

 

_N\JAHN_
CECHBYRY
Ymi
mic
crc ukuk,
kuk, fc
fchhck su
suc
ctu pm
pmrm
rmei
eice
cecc
cce
e st
stru
rujt
jtur
ur,, hc
hceo
eojc
jc`-
`-hc
hce
eojc
jc`
` yce
ceo
o fb
fbpm
pmrh
rhuj
ujce
ce ue
uettuj
cech
cechbs
bsc
c fce
fce fmsc
fmscbe
be st
stru
rujtu
jturr kmeoo
kmeooue
uecjc
cjce
e YCT<
YCT<44
444
4 fb
fbsc
scgb
gbjce
jce pc
pcfc
fc ah
ahnw
nwi`
i`cr
crtt fb
fblc
lcwc
wc`
` be
beb.
b.

Knfmhbeo

Ymt Cechyzm
Cechyzm nptbn es

Icsms t n \ue
Ymt Hncf Icsms

\ue Cechysbs

Qbmw Fmanrkmf Y`cpm

Qbmw Anrims Mhmkmet

Qbmw \mcitbne

Qbmw Vclhm
Vclhm Nutpu t

Abebs`/On tn Fmsboe

Fbcorck Chbr
Chbr Trnsms Tmrmeicecce
Tmrmeicecce

OMVVBEO YVC\VMF <<

 

_N\JAHN_
FMYBOE
Ymi
mic
crc ukuk,
kuk, fc
fchhck su
suc
ctu pm
pmrm
rmei
eice
cecc
cce
e st
stru
rujt
jtur
ur,, hc
hceo
eojc
jc`-
`-hc
hce
eojc
jc`
` yce
ceo
o fb
fbpm
pmrh
rhuj
ujce
ce ue
uettuj
cech
cechbs
bsc
c fce
fce fmsc
fmscbe
be st
stru
rujtu
jturr kmeoo
kmeooue
uecjc
cjce
e YCT<
YCT<44
444
4 fb
fbsc
scgb
gbjce
jce pc
pcfc
fc ah
ahnw
nwi`
i`cr
crtt fb
fblc
lcwc
wc`
` be
beb.
b.

 Cech yzm

Fmsboe
Fmsboe Mhmkmet

I`mij Trmamrmeims

Fmsboe
Fmsboe Inkln s

Ytcrt Fmsboe/I`mij
Fmsboe/I`mij na
Ytruiturm

I`mij Fmsboe
Fmsboe Nutp ut

Inetrnh \mfmsboe Knfmhbeo

Irmctm Nutput

Abebs`

Fbcorck Chbr
Chbr Trnsms Tmrmeicecce
Tmrmeicecce

OMVVBEO YVC\VMF <9

 

KNF]HM 4<
I\MCVM KNFMH

Innrfbectm
Fmabem
Frcw & Mfbt Mhmkmets

 Cssboe Mhmkmets
Mhmkmets
 Cssmsskmet
 

INN\FBECVM

Jnnrf
rfbbect icrtmsbce km
kmru
rup
pcjc
jce
e sbstmk jn
jnn
nrfbect yceo kme
kmeoouecjce ru
ruc
ceo smfceojce
Jnnrfb
Jnnrfbect
ect sbh
sbhbef
befmr
mr kmeooue
kmeoouecjc
cjce
e rcfbus
rcfbus..
Eukl
klm
mr na Orbf Hbems ; Gukhc` orbf pcfc sukl
klu
u P, R, fce W.
Orbf Ypcibeo ; Gcrcj cetcr orbf pcfc suklu P,
P , R, fce W.

Ocklcrr Jnnrfbect
Ocklc Jnnrfbect Icrtmsbce
Icrtmsbce

Fbchno Lnx Subij Orb

Orbfm
fm Hbems Icrtmsbce

Ocklcrr Jnnrfbect
Ocklc Jnnrfbect Ybhbefmr 
Ybhbefmr 

Fbchno Lnx Subij

Subij Orbfm Hbems Iyhbefrbich
Iyhbefrbich

I\MC\M KNFMH <=

 

FMABEM
KCVM\BCH

Fbchno Lnx Kctmrbch Trnpmrty Fctc

Omemrch Fctc
▧ Kctmrbch Eckm ; Eckc Kctmrbch
▧ Kctmrbch Vypm ; Vbpm Kc
Kctmrbch
▧ Kctmrbch Entm ; Ictctce (gbjc usmr kmkmrhujce ictctce kctmrbch)
▧ Fbsphcy
Fbsphcy Inhnr ; Vckpbhc
Vckpbhce
e wcrec

_mbo`t cef Kcss

▧ _mbbo`
_m o`tt pm
pmrr ]eb
]ebtt Qnh
Qnhuk
ukm
m ; <6
<644 jo/k9
jo/k
▧ ]ebts ; Yctuce yceo fbouecjce

Bsntrnpbi Trnpmrty Fctc

▧ Knfu
Knfuhu
hus
s na Mhcs
Mhcstb
tbib
ibty
ty,, M ; Knfu
Knfuhu
hus
s Mhc
Mhcst
stbs
bsbt
btcs
cs Kctm
Kctmrb
rbch
ch
▧ Tnbssne, ] ; Ebhcb pnbssne
▧ Inma
Inma.n
.naa V`
V`mr
mrkc
kchh Mxp
xp.,
., C ; Jnm
Jnmab
absb
sbme
me kucb
kucb cj
cjbl
blc
ct pce
cecs
cs
▧ Y`mcr Knfuhus, O ; Knfuhus Omsmr  

Nt`mr Trnpmrtbms anr Kctmrbchs

▧ ay ; Kutu Vcrbj Hmhm`
▧ au ; Kutu Vcrbj Tutus
▧ aym* ; Kutu Vcrbj Hmhm` yceo fb`crcpjce
▧ aum* ; Kutu Vc
Vcrbj Tutus yc
yceo fb`crcpjce
▧   a:‒i ; Kutu
Kutu Vmjce
Vmjce
▧   a‒im ; Kutu Vmjce
Vmjce yc
yceo
eo fb`crc
fb`crcpjce
pjce

*ebh
*ebhcb
cb m (mx
(mxpm
pmit
itmf
mf)) kmru
kmrupc
pcjc
jce
e eb
ebhc
hcbb ac
acjt
jtnr
nr ue
uetu
tuj
j kutu
kutu yceo
yceo fb`c
fb`crcp
rcpjc
jce,
e,
ebh
ebhcb
cb acj
acjtnr
tnr fcpct
fcpct fbh
fbhb`c pcfc AMKC9=1
b`ctt pcfc AMKC9=1 Vclh
Vclhm
m =-
=-9
9

I\MC\M KNFMH <1

 

FMABEM
YMIVBNE T\NTM\VBMY

Ocklcr Fmabem Kmeu YCT<444 ®

Vm
Vmrf
rfcp
cpct
ct lm
lmrc
rcoc
ock
k gmeb
gmebs
s mhmk
mhmkme
me yceo
ceo fc
fcpc
pctt fboc
fbockl
klcr
cr pc
pcfc
fc YCT<
YCT<444 ® smpm
444 smpmrt
rtbb oc
ocklc
klcrr fb
fbct
ctcs
cs
ycje
ycjebb Arckm,
Arckm, Vmefn
Vmefne,
e, Jc
Jclm
lmh,
h, Cr
Crmc
mc.. Hceo
Hceojc`
jc`-h
-hce
ceojc
ojc`
` yc
yceo
eo fb
fbhc
hcjuj
jujce
ce cf
cfch
chc`
c` sm
smlc
lcoc
ocbb lm
lmrb
rbjut
jut77

A\CKM
▧ Jh
Jhbj
bj Fmab
Fmabem
em 5 Ym
Ymit
itbn
bne
e Tr
Trnp
npmr
mrtb
tbms
ms 5 Arckm
Arckm Ym
Ymit
itbn
bnes
es
▧  Cff Emw Trnpmrty uetuj kmemetujce lmetuj pmeckpceo mhmkme
▧

Tb
Tbhb
hb`
` Arckm
Arckm Ym
Ymit
itbn
bne
e Tr
Trnp
npmr
mrty
ty Vypm
Vypm smsu
smsucb
cb fmeo
fmeoce
ce kct
kctmr
mrbc
bchh pm
pmec
eckpc
kpceo
eo
▧ Tb
Tbhb
hb`
` lmet
lmetuj
uj pmec
pmeckpc
kpceo
eo yceo
yceo cjc
cjce
e fbfm
fbfmsc
scbe
be..

Tcf
cfc
c YCT<4
<44
44 tm
tmrf
rfcp
cpct
ct lml
mlmr
mrcp
cpc
c lm
lmet
etu
uj pmec
pmeckp
kpce
ceo
o ar
arc
ckm lm
lmrf
rfcs
cscr
cr gme
mebbs kctm
kctmrb
rbch
ch (Lcg
(Lcgc,
c,
Lc
Lcgc
gc Lubh
Lubht-
t-up
up,, Lm
Lmtn
tne,
e, Chuk
Chukue
uebu
buk,
k, Ic
Icec
ecbb Fb
Fbeo
eobe
be,, fc
fce
e Hc
Hcbe
beey
eyc)
c) yce
ceo
o fc
fcpc
pctt fb
fbhb
hb`c
`ctt pc
pcfc
fc `c
`chc
hckc
kce
e
smhceguteyc.

]etu
]etuj
j fbkm
fbkmes
esbb sm
smhu
huru
ru`
` pmec
pmeckp
kpce
ceo
o (j
(jmi
miuc
uchb
hb lm
lmtn
tne)
e) fc
fcpc
pctt kmeo
kmeoou
ouec
ecjc
jce
e jc
jctc
tchn
hno
o pm
pmec
eckp
kpce
ceo
o
smsucb fmeoce wbhcyc
cyc` kc
kcs
sbeo-kc
-kcsbeo, `ch beb fbjcrm
jcrme
ecjce
jce pcfc smtbcp emocrc kmkb
kmkbhhbjb
stcefc
stcefcrf
rf fbk
fbkmes
mesbb kcsbeo-k
kcsbeo-kcsb
csbeo.
eo.

I\MC\M KNFMH <?

 

FMABEM YMIVBNE T\NTM\VBMY

Lmrbjut cfchc` tckpbhce lmetuj pmeckpceo yceo tmrsmfbc fchck Fmabem Ymitbne
Trnpmrtbms.

Tmeckpceo Lcgc Tmeckpceo Lcgc Lubt-]p

Tmeckpceo Lmtne Tmeckpceo Chukuebuk

Tmeckpc
Tmeckpceo
eo Ice
Icecb
cb Fbe
Fbeobe
obe Tmeckpceo
Tmeckpceo Hcbeey
Hcbeeyc
c

I\MC\M KNFMH <0

 

FMABEM YMIVBNE T\NTM\VBMY

Fbchno Lnx Vmefne Ymitbne Fctc

VMEFNE
▧ Jh
Jhbj
bj Fmab
Fmabem
em 5 Ymit
Ymitbn
bne
e Trnp
Trnpmr
mrtb
tbms
ms 5 Vm
Vmef
efne
ne
▧

 Cff Emw Trnpmrty uetuj kmemetujce lmetuj pmeckpceo mhmkme

Vmefn
Vmefne
e Kn
Knfm
fmhb
hbeo
eo Np
Nptb
tbne
nes
s ant Ce
Cech
chy
ysbs
sbs Kfnm
Kfnmhh
▧  Cs Hncfs ; Vmefne fbfmabebsbjce smlcocb Lmlce
▧  Cs Mhmkmets ; Vmefne fbfmabebsbjce smlcocb Mhmkme

Vmefne prnpmrtbms
prnpmrtbms
Ypmibay Vmefne Fbckmtmr ; Kmemetujce lmrfcscr fbckmtmr tmefne
Ypmibay Vmefne Crmc ; Kmemetujce lmrfcscr hucs Vmefne

I\MC\M KNFMH <2

 

FMABEM YMIVBNE T\NTM\VBMY

Fbchno Lnx Iclhm Ymitbne Fctc

ICLHM
▧ Jh
Jhbj
bj Fmab
Fmabem
em 5 Ym
Ymit
itbn
bne
e Tr
Trnp
npmr
mrtb
tbms
ms 5 Iclh
Iclhm
m
▧  Cff Emw Trnpmrty uetuj kmemetujce lmetuj pmeckpceo mhmkme

Iclhm
Iclhm prnpmrtbms
prnpmrtbms
Yp
Ypmi
miba
bay
y Iclh
Iclhm
m Fb
Fbckm
ckmtm
tmrr ; Kmem
Kmemet
etujc
ujce
e lmrfc
lmrfcsc
scrr fbckm
fbckmtm
tmrr jclmh
jclmh
Ypmibay Iclhm Crmc ; Kmemetujce lmrfcscr hucs jclmh

Tcfc mhmkme jclmh `ceyc lmjmrgc tmr`cfcp ocyc tcrbj, sm`beooc pmrhu fbpmr`ctbjce
pmrhmt
pmrhmtcjc
cjce
e fcrb mhmkme
mhmkme jclmh
jclmh tmrsml
tmrsmlut.
ut.

I\MC\M KNFMH 94
 

FMABEM YMIVBNE T\NTM\VBMY

 C\MC
Tc
Tcfc
fc mhmkm
mhmkme
e Cr
Crmc
mc tm
tmrf
rfcp
cpct
ct lmlm
lmlmrcp
rcpc
c gmeb
gmebs
s ycbt
ycbtu
u
▧ Y`mhh
▧ Thcem
▧  Csnhbf

Hceojc`
Hceojc`-hc
-hceojc
eojc`
` uet
uetuj
uj kmefmsc
kmefmscbe
be mhm
mhmkme
kme crm
crmc
c
▧ Jh
Jhbj
bj Fmab
Fmabem
em 5 Ym
Ymit
itbn
bne
e Tr
Trnp
npmr
mrtb
tbms
ms 5 Cr
Crmc
mc
▧ Tb
Tbhb
hb`
` Tm
Tmec
eckpc
kpceo
eo yceo
yceo cjc
cjce
e fbou
fbouec
ecjce
jce (Y
(Y`m
`mhh
hh,, Thce
Thcem,
m, ct
ctcu
cu Cs
Csnh
nhbf
bf))
▧  Cff Emw Trnpmrty uetuj kmemetujce lmetuj pmeckpceo mhmkme

Y`mhh
Y`
Y`mh
mhhh tmrl
tmrlco
cobb kmegc
kmegcfb
fb lmlm
lmlmrcp
rcpc
c tb
tbpm
pm77
▧ Kmklrcem
▧ Thctm
▧ Y`mhh

Fbchno Lnx Y`mhh Ymitbne Fctc

Tc
Tcfc
fc ukuk
ukukey
eyc
c fbrmj
fbrmjnk
nkme
mefc
fcsb
sbjc
jce
e kme
kmeoo
ooue
uecj
cjce
ce tb
tbpm
pm Y`
Y`mh
mhhh jcr
jcrme
mec
c kmkbh
kmkbhbjb
bjb pm
pmrb
rbhc
hcju
ju kmklr
kmklrce
ce
fce
fce pmhc
pmhct.
t. Ec
Eckue
kue jmklc
jmklchb
hb hcob
hcob pcfc
pcfc kme
kmefm
fmab
abeb
ebsb
sbjce
jce mh
mhmkm
mkme
e yce
ceo
o cjce
cjce fb
fbpm
pmrkn
rknfm
fmhjc
hjce.
e.

I\MC\M KNFMH 93
 

F\C_ MHMKMEV

]etuj
]etuj kmeoock
kmeoocklcr
lcr pmrknfm
pmrknfmhce
hce fcp
fcpct
ct kmeo
kmeooue
ouecjc
cjce
e Vnnhlcr
Vnnhlcr Frcw
Frcw Kmeu
Kmeu ctcu
ctcu fmeoce
fmeoce \bllne
\bllne
Vnnhs
Vnnhs pcfc sbsb
sbsb jbrb
jbrb gmefmh
gmefmhc.
c.

Vnnhlcr Frcw Kmeu

Frcw Ypmibch Gnbet 7 Kmeoocklcr p

pnnbet pcfc hmklcr j
jmmrgc

Frc
rcw
w Arc
rckm
km/I
/Icl
clhm
hm/V
/Vme
mefn
fne
e 7 Kmeoo
meoock
cklc
lcrr Ar
Arck
ckm,
m, Icl
clhm
hm,, fc
fce
e Vme
mefn
fne
e

  s Subij
Subij Frcw
Frcw Arckm/Ic
Arckm/Iclhm
lhm/Vm
/Vmefne
efne 7 Kmeoo
Kmeoocklc
cklcrr Arc
Arckm,
km, Iclhm,
Iclhm, fce Vmefne3
fce Vmefne
   h
  n
  n
   V Subij Frcw Lrcims Lrcibeo3
7 Kmeoocklcr Lr
  e
  n
   l Sub
ubij
ij Frc
rcw
wYYmi
mine
nefc
fcry
ry Lmck
Lmcks
s 7 Kme
Kmeoo
oock
cklc
lcrr lc
lchn
hnj
j cecj3
cecj
   l
   b
   \
Frcw Tnhy Crmc 7 Kmeoocklcr cr
crmc csbkmtrbs

Frcw \mitceouhcr Crmc 7 Kmeoocklcr crmc fmeoce lmetuj pmrsmob

Subij Frcw Crmc crrmc3

7 Kmeoocklcr c

Jm
Jmtb
tbjc
jc kmeo
kmeooc
ockl
klcr
cr mhmk
mhmkme
me,, us
usmr
mr fc
fcpc
pctt km
kmeo
eoou
ouec
ecjc
jce
e au
aueo
eosb
sb Yecp
Yecp Vn ue
uetu
tuj
j kmku
kmkufcfc`-
`-jc
jcee
kmeoo
kme oockl
cklcr
crjc
jce
e mhmkm
mhmkmee pcfc
pcfc pmrh
pmrhmt
mtcj
cjce
ce yceo
yceo fbbe
fbbeob
obej
ejce
ce.. (Frc
(Frcw
w 5 Yecp
Yecp Vn ct
ctcu
cu Subi
Subij
j Vnn
Vnnhs
hs))

Kmeoocklc
Kmeoocklcrr pcfc tbtbj fce pmrtm
pmrtmkuce
kuce orbf

  s
   h Kmeooc
Kmeoocklc
klcrr pcfc
pcfc ugueo
ugueo fce tme
tmeoc`
oc` mhm
mhmkme
kme
  n
  n
   V Kmeoocklc
Kmeoocklcrr pcfc pmrtm
pmrtmkuce
kuce mhmkme
  e
  n
   l Kmeooc
Kmeoocklc
klcrr pcfc
pcfc pnsbsb
pnsbsb tmo
tmocj
cj hur
hurus
us mhm
mhmkme
kme
   l
   b
   \
Kmeoocklc
Kmeoocklcrr pcfc ocrbs fce sufut
sufut

Kmeoocklc
Kmeoocklcrr pcfc orbf jmibh
jmibh

3Ink
Inkkc
kcef
ef Subi
Subijj lm
lmra
raue
ueos
osbb km
kme
eoo
oockckl
lcr im impc
pctt fme
meoc
oce e lce
cetu
tuce
ce or
orbf
bf pcf
cfc
c hmk
mklc
lcrr jm
jmrg
rgc,
c, Ymhm
Ymhmit
it Orb
rbf
f uet
etuj
uj
kmeoocklc
kmeoocklcrey
reyc
c tce
tcepc
pc pmr
pmrhu
hu kmecrb
kmecrbj
j fcr
fcrbb tbt
tbtbj
bj sctu
sctu jm tbt
tbtbj
bj hcb
hcbeey
eeyc.
c.

I\MC\M KNFMH 9<

 

MFBV MHMKMEV

]etuj
etuj kmeo
kmeom
mfbt
fbt mhmk
mhmkm
me smp
mpmr
mrtb
tb kmkl
kmklco
cobb, kmkb
kmkbef
efc
c`, kmey
kmeyct
ctu
ujc
jce,
e, kmei
kmeinp
npy
y, kme
kmeou
oulc
lc`.
`.
Fcpc
Fcpctt kme
kmeoo
ooue
uecj
cjce
ce inkkc
inkkcef
ef tm
tmrs
rsml
mlut
ut pcfc
pcfc Vnnhl
Vnnhlcr
cr Mf
Mfbt
bt..

   t
  e
   b
  n
   T
   t
   b
   f
   M

  m
  k
  c
  r
   A
   b
   t
   f
   M

  c
  m
  r
   C
   t
   b
   f
   M

Mfbt Kmeu

▧ \mphbictm ; kme
kmeychbe/ kme
kmeinp
inpy mhmkme
kme
▧ Mxtrufm ; kmeoulc` mhmkme
▧ Knvm ; kmkbefc`jce mh
mhmkme
▧ Mfbt
fbt T
Tnb
nbet
ets
s ; kme
kmeom
omfb
fbtt gn
gnbbet
et/p
/pn
nbe
bett
▧ Mfbt H
Hbbems ; km
kmeomfbt mhmkme lctceo
▧ Mfbt Cr
Crmcs ; km
kmeomfbt mhmkme crmc
Mxtrufm Mhmkmet Kmeu

I\MC\M KNFMH 99
 

CYYBOE MHMKMEV

Gnbet
Tcfc
Tcfc smtb
smtbcp
cp pm
pmrk
rknf
nfmh
mhce
ce st
stru
rujt
jtur
ur kmkb
kmkbhb
hbjb
jb tu
tukp
kpuc
uce
e ue
uetu
tuj
j kmec
kmec`c
`ce
e lm
lmrc
rctt stru
strujt
jtur
ur fc
fce
e lm
lmlc
lce
e
jm
jmrg
rgc
c yce
ceo
o tmrg
tmrgcf
cfb.
b. Vm
Vmrf
rfcp
cpct
ct lmlm
lmlmrc
rcpc
pc gmeb
gmebs
s tu
tukp
kpuce (rmstrcbets) yce
uce ceo
o cf
cfc
c pc
pcfc
fc YCT<4
<444
44.. Jhb
hbj
j
 Cssboe Kmeu 5 Gnbet 5 \mstrcbets.

Ocklcr Vukpu
Vukpuce
ce pcfc T
Tmrknfmhce
mrknfmhce Ytrujtur 
Ytrujtur 

Arckm Besmrtbn e Tnbet

Tcfc YCT<444, pmrknfmhce strujtur (arckm) mhmkme fbocklcr pcfc suklu hnjch x
pm
pmec
eckp
kpce
ceo.
o. Ym
Ymic
icrc
rc ukuk
ukuk mhmkme  arckm yce
mhmkme ceo
o fbbe
fbbepu
putt pc
pcfc
fc pm
pmrk
rknf
nfmh
mhce
ce tmrh
tmrhmt
mtc
cj pc
pcf
fc tb
tbtb
tbj
j
tmeoc` (imetrnbf) pmeckp
kpc
ceo. Eckue
kue pcfc jn
jne
efbsb pmhcjsc
jscecce, smrbeo jch
jchb jbt
jbtc tmkuj
kujce
pn
pnsb
sbsb
sb sm
smpm
pmrt
rtbb lc
lchn
hnj
j mj
mjst
stmr
mrbn
bnrr yceo
ceo tb
tbfc
fcj
j fbfm
fbfmsc
scbe
be sm
smo
ocr
crbs
bs oc
ocyc
ycey
eyc.
c. ]etu
]etuj
j hm
hmlb
lb`
` fm
fmtc
tcbh
bh fb
fbsc
scgb
gbjc
jce
e
ocklc
ocklcrr hmtc
hmtcj
j tb
tbtb
tbj
j pmec
pmeckpc
kpceo
eo.. Jhbj
Jhbj Cs
Cssb
sboe
oe Km
Kmeu
eu5
5 Arc
Arckm5
km5 Be
Besm
smrt
rtbn
bne
e Tn
Tnbe
bett

Ocklcr Vbtbj
Vbtbj pcfc Tmeckpceo
Tmeckpceo

Fbchno Lnx Besmrtbne Tnbet

I\MC\M KNFMH 96
 

CYYBOE MHMKMEV

 Crmc
 Cr mc Hn ich Cx
Cxms
ms
Fchck pmrknfmhce strujtur jmtbjc beobe kmknfmhjce mhmkme hucsce fbrntcsb uetuj
kmeymsucbjce rmeicec fmscbe.Inetn` Jmtbjc pmrknfmhce pmhct sctu crc`, fbkcec

pmklm
pmklmlc
lcec
ece
e lmjm
lmjmrgc
rgc tm
tmrf
rfbs
bstr
trbl
blus
usbb pcfc
pcfc 3 cr
crc`
c` scgc
scgc sm`b
sm`beo
eooc
oc pm
pmrh
rhu
u kmeme
kmemetutujce
jce cr
crc`
c` fb
fbst
strb
rblu
lusb
sb
lmlc
lmlce
e tmrs
tmrsml
mlut
ut.. Fc
Fcpc
pctt kme
kmeooooue
uecj
cjcece pmrb
pmrbet
etc`
c` jhbj
jhbj Cs
Cssb
sboe
oe Kmeu
Kmeu55 Cr
Crmc
mc5
5 Hn
Hnic
ichh Cx
Cxms
ms..

Ocklcr Vukpuc
Vukpuce
e pcfc T
Tmrknfmh
mrknfmhce
ce Ytrujtur 
Ytrujtur 

Kms`b
Kms`b eo Crmc

Kms`
Kms`bbeo kmru
kmrupc
pcjc
jce
e fm
fmab
abeb
ebsb
sb fc
fcrb
rb pbcs
pbcsce
ce yce
ceo
o fbtu
fbtugu
gujc
jce
e ue
uetu
tuj
j ce
cech
chbbsc kn
knfm
fmhh Ab
Abeb
ebtm
tm Mh
Mhmk
mkme
mett
Knfmh. Inetn` jcsus pcfc pmrkn
knf
fmhce pmhct hcetcb pmrhu uetuj fbpbcs uetuj kmefmjctb
pmr`
pmr`bt
btue
ueoc
oce
e yceo
ceo cju
cjurc
rct.
t. Jhbj
Jhbj Cs
Cssb
sboe
oe Km
Kmeu
eu5
5 Cr
Crmc
mc 5 Cu
Cutn
tnkct
kctbi
bi Crmc
Crmc Kms`
Kms`..

Ocklcr Vukpuc
Vukpuce
e pcfc Tm
Tmrknfmh
rknfmhce
ce Ytrujtur 
Ytrujtur 

I\MC\M KNFMH 9=
 

CYYBOE MHMKMEV

Hnich Cxms
Fchc
Fchck
k pmrkn
pmrknfm
fmhc
hce
e st
stru
rujt
jtur
ur gbjc
gbjc beob
beobe
e kmknf
kmknfmh
mhjce
jce mh
mhmkm
mkme
e lc
lctc
tceo
eo fb
fbrnt
rntcs
csbb ue
uetu
tuj
j kmey
kmeyms
msuc
ucbj
bjce
ce
rmei
rmeice
cec
c fmsc
fmscbe
be.. Fc
Fcpc
pctt kme
kmeoo
ooue
uecjc
cjce
e pmrb
pmrbet
etc`
c` jhb
jhbj
j Cs
Cssb
sboe
oe Km
Kmeu
eu5
5 Arckm5
Arckm5 Hn
Hnic
ichh Cx
Cxms.
ms.

Ocklcr Vukpu
Vukpuce
ce pcfc T
Tmrknfmhce
mrknfmhce Ytrujtur 
Ytrujtur 

Mef \mhmcsm
\mhmcsms
s
Tcfc ukukeyc pcfc mhmkme lctceo kmkbhbjb 1 fmrcgct jmlmlcsce smtbcp gnbe yceo
kme
kmemrusjce ocyc lmjm
jmrrgc jm mhmkm
kme
e yceo tmr`ulueo. Inetn` jcs
jcsus pcfc rceojc lctceo,
fbjm
fbjmtc
tc`u
`ubb pc
pcfc
fc st
stru
rujt
jtur
ur rc
rceo
eojc
jc lc
lctc
tceo
eo tb
tbfc
fcj
j tm
tmrg
rgcf
cfbb kn
knkm
kme
e pc
pcfc
fc tb
tbtb
tbj
j lu
lu`u
`uh.
h. ]etu
]etuj
j kmef
kmefms
mscb
cbe
e
mef rmhmcsm pcfc
pcfc arckm
arckm fmeo
fmeoce
ce icrc
icrc jhbj
jhbj Cs
Cssb
sboe
oe Km
Kmeu
eu5
5 Arckm
Arckm5
5 \mhm
\mhmcs
csms
ms// Tc
Tcrt
rtbc
bchh Ab
Abxb
xbty
ty

Ocklcr Vukpuc
Vukpuce
e pcfc T
Tmrknfmh
mrknfmhce
ce Ytrujtur 
Ytrujtur 

I\MC\M KNFMH 91
 

CYYBOE MHMKMEV

Ornup Mhmkmet
Jmtbjc kme
kmeoocklc
klcr mhmkme, tmrjc
jcf
fceo pmrhu kmkl
kmklu
uct orup pcfc mhmkme
kme tmrtmetu uetuj
kmku
kmkufc
fc`j
`jce
ce usmr
usmr jmtb
jmtbjc
jc beob
beobe
e km
kmeo
eomf
mfbt
bt,, kme
kmeym
ymhm
hmjsb
jsb sm
smhu
huru
ru`
` mh
mhmkm
mkme
e tm
tmrs
rsml
mlut
ut.. Inet
Inetn`
n`77 lc
lchn
hnj
j

bef
efuj
uj kmkb
kmkbhb
hbjb
jb cr
crc`
c` kmkc
kmkceg
egce
ceo
o fc
fce
e kmhb
kmhbet
etce
ceo
o, sm
sml
lcoc
ocbb us
usmr
mr beo
eobe
be kme
kmeom
omhhnkpn
kpnjj
jjce
ce ue
uettuj
kmkufc`jce jmtbjc cjce kmeymhmjsb `ceyc pcfc lchnj befuj kmkcegceo kcupue
kmkcegceo.
▧ Fmab
Fmabem
em 5 Ornup
Ornups
s
▧ Jh
Jhbj
bj Cf
Cff
f Emw
Emw Ornu
Ornup
p
▧ Lm
Lmrb
rb Eckc
Eckc Or
Orup
up smsu
smsucb
cb fmeo
fmeoce
ce rm
rmei
eice
cec
c
▧ ]lc`
]lc` Fb
Fbsp
sphc
hcy
y Inhn
Inhnrr sms
smsuc
ucbb jmbeo
jmbeobe
bece
ce
▧ Jh
Jhbj
bj NJ

Fbchno Lnx Fmabem Ornup Eckm

Fbchno Lnx Ornup Fmabebtbne

I\MC\M KNFMH 9?
 

YMHMIV MHMKMEV

Jm
Jmtb
tbjc
jc kmkn
kmknfb
fbab
abjc
jcsb
sb mhmk
mhmkme
me,, tm
tmrj
rjcf
cfce
ceo
o pm
pmrh
rhu
u kmey
kmeymh
mhm
mjsb
jsb pc
pcfc
fc mh
mhmk
mkme
me tm
tmrt
rtme
metu
tu fc
fchc
hck
k gu
gukh
khc`
c`
yceo sceoct lceycj. ]etuj km
kmku
kuf
fc`jce usmr jmtbjc beobe kme
kmeomfbt, kmey
kmeym
mhmjsb
jsb smhuru`
mhmk
mhmkme
me tmrs
tmrsml
mlut
ut kcjc
kcjc jhbj
jhbj Ym
Ymhm
hmit Kmeu 5 Ymhmit . Fchc
it Kmeu Fchck
k kmey
kmeymh
mhmj
mjsb
sb mh
mhmk
mkme
me fb
fblc
lcob
ob kmeg
kmegcf
cfbb
lmlmrcpc
lmlmrcpc jctmonrb7
jctmonrb7
▧ Innrfbectm
Innrfbectm Ypmib
Ypmibabictb
abictbne
ne ▧ Ornup
▧ Ym
Ymhm
hmit
it Tc
Tcrc
rchh
hhmh
mh Hbem
Hbem tn ▧ Hclmh
▧ Trnpmrtbms ▧  Chh
▧  Cssboekmet

Ocklcr Ymhmit Kmeu

Tnbetmr/_befnw
Tm
Tmrb
rbet
etc`
c` be
bebb uetu
uetuj
j kme
kmeym
ymhm
hmjsb
jsb mhmkm
mhmkme
e fmeo
fmeoce
ce icr
icrc
c jh
jhbj
bj jbrb
jbrb pc
pcfc
fc knusm.
knusm.

Tnhy
Tmrbetc` beb uetuj km
kmey
eym
mhmjs
jsbb mhmkm
kme
e kme
kmeymhmjs
jsbb mhmkme
kme yceo kcs
kcsuj fchck crm
rmc
c smhmjsb
jsb
pcfc
pcfc hm
hmklc
klcrr jmrgc.
jmrgc.

Betmrsmitbeo
Betmrsmitbeo Tnhy
Tm
Tmrb
rbet
etc`
c` beb
beb ue
uetu
tuj
j kmey
kmeymh
mhmj
mjsb
sb mhmk
mhmkme
me kmey
kmeymh
mhmj
mjsb
sb mh
mhmk
mkme
me yce
ceo
o lm
lmrs
rsbe
beoo
ooue
ueoc
oce
e fm
fmeo
eoce
ce cr
crmc
mc
smhm
smhmjsb
jsb pcfc
pcfc hmklc
hmklcrr jmrgc.
jmrgc.

Betm
Betmrsm
rsmitbeo
itbeo Hbem
Tm
Tmrb
rbet
etc`
c` beb
beb ue
uetu
tuj
j kmey
kmeymh
mhmj
mjsb
sb mhmk
mhmkme
me kmey
kmeymh
mhmj
mjsb
sb mh
mhmk
mkme
me yce
ceo
o lm
lmrs
rsbe
beoo
ooue
ueoc
oce
e fm
fmeo
eoce
ce oc
ocrb
rbs
s
smhm
smhmjsb
jsb pcfc
pcfc hmklc
hmklcrr jmrgc.
jmrgc.

I\MC\M KNFMH 90
 

YMHMIV MHMKMEV

Innrfbectm
Innrfbectm Ypmibabictbne
Ypmibabictbne
Tmrbetc` beb uetuj km
kme
eymhmjsb mhmkme
kme pcfc suctu lbfceo fmeoce icrc
icrc kme
kmeojhb
jhbj schc` sct
sctu
 gn be t pc
pcfc
fc jn
jnnr
nrfb
fbec
ectt tm
tmrt
rtm
met
etu
u, kcjc
kcjc sm
smhu
huru
ru`
` mhm
mhmkme
kme pcf
cfc
c lb
lbfc
fceo
eo tmr
mrsm
smlu
lutt cjc
jce
e tm
tmrs
rsmh
mhm
mjs
jsbb.
Lb
Lbfc
fceo
eo tmrs
tmrsml
mlut
ut fblc
fblcob
ob kmegc
kmegcfb
fb 9 sbsb
sbsb ycbt
ycbtu7
u7
▧ Lb
Lbfc
fceo
eo PR
▧ Lb
Lbfc
fceo
eo PW
▧ Lbfceo
Lbfceo RW.

Ymhm
hmit
it Tcrc
rchhm
hhmhh Hbem
Hbem tn
Tmrbetc` beb uetuj km
kme
eymhmjsb mhmkme
kme pcfc suctu lbfceo fmeoce icrc
icrc kme
kmeojhb
jhbj schc` sct
sctu
mh mkm
mkme
e h uru
uruss , kcjc smhuru` mhmkme yceo smgcgcr fmeoce mhmkme hurus yceo fbpbhb` pcfc
pmrkn
pmrknfm
fmhc
hce
e cjc
cjce
e tm
tmrs
rsmh
mhmjs
mjsbb . Lbfc
Lbfceo
eo smgc
smgcgc
gcrr fblc
fblcob
ob kme
kmegc
gcfb
fb 1 lc
lcob
obce
ce ycb
cbtu
tu77
▧ Yu
Yukl
klu
uP
▧ Yu
Yukl
klu
uR
▧
Yu
Yukl
klu
uW

Trnpmrtbms
Tmrbetc` beb uetuj km
kme
eymhm
mhmjs
jsbb mhmkme
kme yceo sckc pcfc pmrknf
knfmhce fmeoce icrc kmkb
kmkbhhb`
lmrf
lmrfcs
cscr
cr kct
kctmr
mrbc
bch,
h, mhmkm
mhmkme
e fce
fce pmec
pmeckpc
kpceo
eo.. Lbfc
Lbfceo
eo sm
smgc
gcgc
gcrr fb
fblc
lcob
ob kmegc
kmegcfb
fb 0 lc
lcob
obce
ce yc
ycbt
btu7
u7
▧ Kctmrbch
Kctmrbch Trnpmrtb
Trnpmrtb
▧ Mhmkme
Mhmkme Lctceo
Lctceo
▧ Mhmkme
Mhmkme Jclmh
Jclmh
▧ Mhmkme
Mhmkme Vmefne
Vmefne

 Css bo ek met
Tmr
mrbbetc`
etc` beb ue
uetu
tuj
j km
kmey
eymh
mhm
mjs
jsbb gnb
gnbet pcfc
pcfc pm
pmrrknf
knfmh
mhc
ce lm
lmrf
rfc
csc
scrr fm
fmrc
rcgc
gctt jm
jml
lml
mlc
csc
sce.
e. Fb
Fbkc
kce
ec
fmrc
fmrcgct
gct jmlml
jmlmlcs
csce
ce fblc
fblcob
ob kme
kmegc
gcfb
fb 1 ycbt
ycbtu7
u7
▧ ]3
▧ ]<
▧ ]9
▧ \3
▧ \<
▧ \9

I\MC\M KNFMH 92
 

YMHMIV MHMKMEV

Ornup
Tmr
mrbbetc`
etc` beb
beb ue
uetu
tuj
j kmey
kmeymh
mhmj
mjsb
sb mhmk
mhmkme
me pc
pcfc
fc pm
pmrrknfm
knfmhc
hce
e lm
lmrf
rfcs
cscr
cr or
orup
up yce
ceo
o tm
tmhc
hc`
` fb
fbfm
fmab
abeb
ebsb
sb
smlm
smlmhu
hukey
keyc.
c. Inet
Inetn`
n`77 lchn
lchnj
j befu
befuj
j kmk
kmkbh
bhbj
bjbb cr
crc`
c` km
kmkc
kceg
egce
ceo
o fc
fce
e kmhb
kmhbet
etce
ceo,
o, smlc
smlcoc
ocbb us
usmr
mr be
beob
obe
e
kmeomhnkpnjjce uetuj kmkufc`jce jmtbjc cjce kmeymhmjsb `ceyc pcfc lchnj befuj
kmkcegc
kmkcegceo
eo kcupue
kcupue kmkcegce
kmkcegceo.
o.
▧ Fmabem
Fmabem Km
Kmeu
eu 5 Ornups
▧ Jhbj Cf
 Cfff Emw Orn up
▧ Lm
Lmrb
rb Eckc
Eckc Or
Orup
up smsu
smsucb
cb fmeo
fmeoce
ce rm
rmei
eice
cec
c
▧ ]lc` Fb
Fbsphcy Inhnr smsuc
sphcy smsucbb jmbeobece
jmbeobece
▧ Jhbj NJ

Hclmh
Tmrbetc` beb uetuj km
kme
eymhm
mhmjs
jsbb mhmkme
kme yceo sckc pcfc pmrknf
knfmhce fmeoce icrc kmkb
kmkbhhb`
lmrf
lmrfcs
cscr
cr hclm
hclmhh pcfc
pcfc mhmkm
mhmkme.
e. Hclm
Hclmhh mhmkm
mhmkme
e lmru
lmrupc
pc ce
ceoj
ojc
c fc
fce
e fb
fbou
ouec
ecjce
jce..

 Chh
Tm
Tmrb
rbet
etc`
c` beb
beb uetu
uetuj
j kme
kmey
ymhmjs
mhmjsbb smhu
smhuru
ru`
` mhmkm
mhmkme
e pcfc
pcfc pm
pmrkn
rknfm
fmhc
hce.
e.

Yecp
ecp Vn
Jmtb
mtbjc kme
kmeooc
oocklc
klcr mhmk
mhmkme
me pmrk
pmrknf
nfmh
mhce
ce fbh
fbhmklc
mklcrr jmr
mrgc
gc yce
ceo
o fb
fbkc
kce
ec cjc
jce
e fb oc
ockl
klc
cr pc
pcfc
fc
mhmk
mhmkme
me yce
ceo
o tb
tbfc
fcj
j fc
fchhck orbf
orbf ct
ctcu
cu pcf
cfc
c tm
tmeo
eoc`
c` lm
lme
etc
tceo
eo mh
mhmk
mkm
me. ]etu
]etuj
j kmku
kmkufc
fc`
`jc
jce
e us
usmr 
mr 
kmeoockl
kmeoocklcr
cr ouecjce
ouecjce pmrbetc` Fr
pmrbetc` Frcw
cw Km
Kmeu
eu 5 Yec
ecp
p Vn.

; pc
pcfc
fc tb
tbtb
tbj
j fc
fce
e pm
pmrp
rpnt
ntne
neoc
oce
e or
orbf
bf
; pc
pcfc
fc tb
tbtb
tbj
j ug
ugue
ueo
o fc
fce
e tm
tmeo
eoc`
c` lm
lmet
etce
ceo
o lc
lctc
tceo
eo

; pcfc
pcfc pm
pmrpn
rpntn
tneo
eoce
ce ce
cetc
tcrr lc
lctc
tceo
eo

; pc
pcfc
fc tm
tmoc
ocj
j hu
huru
rus
s tm
tmr`
r`cf
cfcp
cp lc
lctc
tceo
eo

; pcf
cfc
c oc
ocrb
rbs
s fce su
sufu
futt

; pcf
cfc
c or
orbbf jm
jmib
ibhh

Ocklcr Yecp Vn Kmeu

I\MC\M KNFMH 64
 

CYYMYYKMEV

=444 9=44

9=44
=444

9=44
=444
R
9=44
P
6444 6444 6444
Fmec`
Fmec` Tnr
Tnrtch
tch 9=44

W 9=44

=444 =444 =444

Vckpcj
Vckpcj Yckpbeo
Yckpbeo

Bean Knfmh
Eckc Ytru
Ytrujtur
jtur 7 Tnrtch
Tnrtch Omfueo
Omfueo L
Lmrt
mrtbeo
beojct
jct
Kctmrbch 7 Lmtne Lmrtuhceo
Vukpuce 7 Gmpbt (abxmf)
9=44
Bean Mhmkme
Mhmkme
Lchnj (l/`) 7 <44/644
9=44
Jnhnk (l/`) 7 644/644
Vmlch Tmhct 7 3<4 kk (hcetcb)
344 kk (ctcp) 9=44

Kutu Kctmrbc
Kctmrbchh
9=44
Lmtne (Ai‒) 7 94 KTc

9=44

W 9=44

6444 6444 6444

Vckpcj
Vckpcj Yckpbeo
Yckpbeo

I\MC\M KNFMH 63
 

CYYMYYKMEV

  o
  e
   b
  p
  k  0 
  c  4 
 4 
   Y k
   j k
  c
  p
  k
  c
   V
?=4 kk ?=4 kk ?=4 kk ?=4 kk ?=4 kk ?=4 kk ?=4 kk ?=4 kk

  s
  c
   t 3 
< 
   C  4 
   j  4 
  c k
  p k
  k
  c
   V

?=4 kk ?=4 kk ?=4 kk ?=4 kk ?=4 kk ?=4 kk ?=4 kk ?=4 kk

   `
  c 3 
  w < 
 4 
  c  4 
   L k
   j k
  c
  p
  k
  c
   V

?=4 kk ?=4 kk ?=4 kk ?=4 kk ?=4 kk ?=4 kk

Bean Kctmrbch
7 YC 64x64x9
7 YC 94x94x9

Kutu Lc
L cgc 7 LG 9?
ay ; <64
<64 KTc
KTc
au ; 9?4 KTc
M ; <44444 KTc

I\MC\M KNFMH 6<

 

KNF]HM 49
HNCF CTTHR

Hncf Fmabebtbne
Gnbet Hncf
Arckm Hncf

 Crmc Hncf
 Cssmsskmet
 

HNCF FMABEBVBNE

Lmlmrcpc
Lmlmrcpc gme
gmebs
bs lmlce lmrfcscr
lmrfcscr pmrbhcju
pmrbhcju lmjmrgc pcfc strujtur
strujtur cetcrc
cetcrc hcbe7
hcbe7
▧ Lmlce Vmrpusct
▧ Lmlce Kmrctc
▧ Lmlce Hucsce

Lmlce Vmrpusct
Vbtbj ; pnbet ; gnbet ; enfch ; enfm
▧ Lmlce fcpct pcfc gnbet kcupue arckm
▧ Lmlce tmrcjukuhcsb fcrb lmrlcocb pmrbhcju lmlce tmrjnesmetrcsb pcfc suctu tbtbj
▧ Lmlce tbtbj yceo tmrgcfb pcfc lmetceo kmklmr cjce tmrfbstrblusb pcfc gnbet-gnbet kmklmr 

Lmlce Vmrfbstrblusb
Vmrfcpct lmlmrcpc tbpm lmlce kmrctc
▧ Lmlce tmrfbstrblusb kmrctc
▧ Lmlce tmrfbstrblusb tbfcj kmrctc (Vrcpmznbfch)
(Vr cpmznbfch)

Lmlce Hucsce
Vmrfcpct lmlmrcpc tbpm lmlce hucsce
▧ Lmlce hucsce kmrctc
▧ Lmlce hucsce tmrfbstrblusb pcfc arckm

Fbstrblusb lmlce tmr`cfcp arckm fblcob kmegcfb <

▧ Nem _cy
▧ Vwn _cy

Lmlce Vmrpusct Lmlce Vmrfbstrblusb

Lmlce Hucsce

@N_ VN CTTHR HNCF 66

 

HNCF FMABEBVBNE

Lmlce
Lmlce yc
yceo
eo lmjmrgc
lmjmrgc fblcob
fblcob kmeg
kmegcfb
cfb 9 lmrf
lmrfcsc
cscrr crc`
crc` lmjmrgc
lmjmrgc pcfc
pcfc mhmkme
mhmkme cetcrc
cetcrc hcbe7
hcbe7
▧ Orcvbtcsb
▧ Yuklu
Yuklu Ohn
Ohnlch
lch
▧ Yuklu
Yuklu Hnjc
Hnjchh

Lmlce Orcvbtcsb
Lmlce yceo lmjmr
jmrgc lmrfcsc
scrr crc` orcvbtcsb cjc
jce
e lmjmrg
jmrgc klu   ’W jcrmec fchck
c pcfc suklu
su
sukl
klu
u ohnl
ohnlch
ch YCT<
YCT<44
444
4 sm
smic
icrc
rc fm
fmac
acuh
uhtt ue
uetu
tuj
j sukl
suklu
u W km
kmeo
eocr
crc`
c` jm
jmct
ctcs
cs..

Yuklu
Yuklu Oh
Ohnlc
nlchh
Lmlc
Lmlce
e lm
lmjm
jmrg
rgc
c pcfc
pcfc su
sukl
klu
u Ohnl
Ohnlch
ch kmkb
kmkbhb
hbjb
jb cr
crc`
c` yce
ceo
o sckc
sckc sm
smpm
pmrt
rtbb `c
`che
heyc
yc Orcv
Orcvbt
btcs
csb,
b, ec
ecku
kue
e
pmrl
rlm
mfcceeyc cfc pcfc suklu ohnlch km
kmkb
kbhhbjb crc` hcbe ycb
cbttu suklu
klu P fce suklu R yceo
kmeo`cf
kmeo`cfcp
cp crc`
crc` `nrbz
`nrbznet
netch.
ch.

Yuklu Hnjch
Hnjch
Lml
mlce
ce lmjm
lmjmrg
rgc
c pcfc
cfc su
sukl
klu
u hnj
njch
ch kmkb
kmkbhb
hbjb
jb cr
crc`
c` yce
ceo
o lm
lmrf
rfc
csc
scrr mh
mhm
mkme
kme bt
btu
u sm
smef
efbbrb
rb,, sm
sm`
`be
beo
ooc
smtbcp mhmkme
kme pmrknf
knfmhce kmkb
kmkbhhbjb jm
jmku
kue
eojbe
jbece crc` suklu
klu hnjch
jch yceo lmrlm
rlmfc jcr
jcrmec
fchc
fchck
k prns
prnsms
ms kme
kmeoo
oockl
cklcr
cr mhmkm
mhmkme
e kme
kmeme
metu
tujc
jce
e cr
crc`
c` suklu
suklu hn
hnjch
jch bt
btu
u sm
smef
efbr
brb.
b.

Ocklcr Inetn
Inetn`
` Ocyc Vmrp
Vmrpusct
usct yceo Vmrgcf
Vmrgcfbb pcfc Mhmkme

@N_ VN CTTHR HNCF 6=

 

HNCF FMABEBVBNE

Vmrfcpc
Vmrfcpctt lml
lmlmrc
mrcpc
pc fmabeb
fmabebsb
sb lml
lmlce
ce pcfc
pcfc YCT<44
YCT<444
4
▧ Hncf Tcttmre
▧ Hncf Icsm
▧ Hncf Inklbectbne

HNCF TCVVM\
TCVVM\E
E
Tnhc lmlce yceo hmlb` spmsbabj pcfc lmlce tbtbj, lmlce kmrctc, fce lmlce hcbeeyc yceo
lm
lmjm
jmrg
rgc
c pcfc st
stru
rujt
jtur
ur.. Ymt
mtbbcp pn
pnhhc lm
lmlc
lce
e (H
(Hn
ncf Tct
ctttmr
mre)
e) fc
fcp
pct tm
tmrf
rfbbrb fc
fcrb
rb jn
jnkl
klbbec
ecsb
sb lm
lmlc
lce
e
yceo
ceo lmjmr
lmjmrgc
gc fmeo
fmeoce
ce pmrb
pmrbhc
hcju
ju yceo
yceo lmrl
lmrlmf
mfc
c smp
smpmr
mrtb
tb77
▧ Lm
Lmlc
lce
e Vmrpu
Vmrpusc
sctt fce
fce Kn
Knkme
kme pcfc
pcfc enfc
enfchh
▧ Ym
Ymha
hawm
wmbo
bo`t
`t// lmrct
lmrct smef
smefbr
brbb st
struj
rujtu
turr pcfc
pcfc smkuc
smkuc gmeb
gmebs
s mh
mhmkm
mkme.
e.
▧ Lm
Lmlc
lce
e Vmrpu
Vmrpusc
sctt ct
ctcu
cu kmrct
kmrctc
c fce
fce knkme
knkme pcfc
pcfc kmkl
kmklmr
mr mh
mhmkm
mkme.
e.
▧ Lm
Lmlc
lce
e Kmrct
Kmrctc
c pcfc
pcfc hucs
hucsce
ce..

Tcfc prcjtbjeyc, smtbcp pnhc lmlce kmeoouecjce sctu tbpm lmlce uetuj kmklmfcjce
tmr`cf
tmr`cfcp
cp lmlce
lmlce jnklbecs
jnklbecsbb uet
uetuj
uj hmlb`
hmlb` jnkp
jnkphmj
hmjsey
seyc.
c.

Hceojc`
Hceojc` kmeobep
kmeobeput
ut Hncf
Hncf Tct
Tcttmr
tmre7
e7
▧ Jhbj Fmabem Kmeu 5 Hncf Tcttmre
▧ Tcfc Hncf Tcttm
Tcttmre
re Eckm
Eckm lmr
lmrbjce
bjce eckc smsucb pcfc lmlce yceo
yceo fbrme
fbrmeicecjc
icecjce
e
▧ Vypm
Vypm smsuc
smsucbjce
bjce fmeoce
fmeoce tbp
tbpm
m fcrb
fcrb lmlce
lmlce yc
yceo
eo fbrme
fbrmeice
icecjce
cjce
▧ Jhbj Cff Emw Hn
Hncf
cf Tcttmre
Tcttmre
▧ ]etuj
]etuj kmknfba
kmknfbabjcs
bjcsbb Hncf
Hncf Tcttmr
Tcttmre
e jmtbj
jmtbj uhceo
uhceo pcfc
pcfc jmpchc
jmpchc tclmh.
tclmh.
▧ Jhbj Knfbay Hn
Hncf
cf Tcttmre
Tcttmre

▧
Jh
Jhbj
bj NJ

Fbchno Lnx Fmabem Hncf Tcttmre

@N_ VN CTTHR HNCF 61

 

HNCF FMABEBVBNE
HNCF
HNCF ICY
ICYM
M

Jc
Jcsu
sus
s lmlc
lmlce
e kmem
kmemet
etuj
ujce
ce lcoc
lcocbkc
bkcec
ec lmlc
lmlce
e fb cphb
cphbjc
jcsb
sbjce
jce pc
pcfc
fc stru
strujt
jtur
ur (Y
(Ytc
tctb
tbs
s ct
ctcu
cu fbec
fbeckb
kbs),
s),
rmsp
rmspn
nes pcf
cfc
c st
stru
rujt
jtur
ur (h
(hbbem
emc
cr ct
ctcu
cu en
eneh
ehbbem
emcr
cr).
). Vm
Vmrf
rfc
cpc
pctt lm
lmlm
lmrc
rcp
pc tb
tbpm
pm ce
cech
chbbsc
sc,, yce
ceo
o sm
smrb
rbeo
eo
fbou
fbouec
ecjc
jce
e ce
cech
chbs
bsc
c fbjh
fbjhcs
csba
babj
bjcs
csbb smlc
smlcoc
ocbb hbem
hbemcr
cr ct
ctcu
cu en
eneh
ehbe
bemc
mcr,
r, tm
tmro
roce
cetu
tueo
eo lc
lcoc
ocbk
bkce
cec
c stru
strujt
jtur 
ur 
lmrmcj
lmrmcjsb
sb tmr`cf
tmr`cfcp
cp lmlce.
lmlce.

Hceojc`
Hceojc` kmeobep
kmeobeput
ut Hncf
Hncf Tct
Tcttmr
tmre7
e7
▧ Jhbj Fmabem Kmeu 5 Hncf Inklbectbne
▧ Tcfc Hncf Icsm Eckm lmrbjce eckc smsucb pcfc lmlce yceo fbrmeicecjce
fbrmeicecjce
▧ Jhbj Cff Emw Hn
Hncf
cf Tcttmre
Tcttmre
▧ Lmrbjce
Lmrbjce Eckc Jcsu
Jcsus
s Lmlce
Lmlce
▧ Vmetu
Vmetujce
jce tb
tbpm
pm jcsus
jcsus lmlc
lmlce
e
▧ Vmetujce
Vmetujce tbp
tbpm
m cechb
cechbsc
sc yceo
yceo fbou
fbouecj
ecjce
ce
▧ Tcfc tclmh Hncf Cpph
Cpphbmf,
bmf, tmetu
tmetujce
jce tbpm lmlce
lmlce,, hhncf
ncf pcttmre
pcttmre fce ebhcb
ebhcb sjchc acitnr 
▧ Jh
Jhbj
bj NJ

Fbchno Lnx Fmabem Hncf Icsms

Fbchno Lnx Hncf Icsm Fctc

@N_ VN CTTHR HNCF 6?

 

HNCF FMABEBVBNE
HNCF INKLBEC
INKLBECVBNE
VBNE

Lm
Lmlc
lce
e Jn
Jnklb
klbec
ecsb
sb kmrup
kmrupcj
cjce
ce lmlc
lmlce
e yceo
ceo tm
tmrc
rcju
jukuh
kuhcs
csbb fm
fmeo
eoce
ce sm
smtb
tbcp
cp gm
gmeb
ebs
s lm
lmlc
lce.
e. Fcrb
Fcrb lm
lmlc
lce
e
jnklb
jnklbec
ecsb
sb kcjc
kcjc fb pmrnh
pmrnhm`
m` ocy
ocyc
c fchc
fchck
k st
stru
rujt
jtur
ur cjbl
cjblct
ct lm
lmlc
lce-
e-lm
lmlc
lce
e yce
ceo
o fb
fbfm
fmab
abeb
ebsb
sbjce
jce lm
lmjmr
jmrgc
gc
lm
lmrs
rsck
ckcc
cce.
e. Tc
Tcfc
fc Lm
Lmlc
lce
e Jnklb
nklbec
ecsb
sb kmkb
kmkbhb
hbjb
jb ebhc
ebhcbb ac
acjt
jtnr
nr lm
lmrf
rfcs
cscr
cr jm
jmtm
tmet
etuc
uce
e fc
fchc
hck
k pm
pmrc
rctu
turc
rce
e
pm
pmkl
klml
mlc
cece
ce,, tm
tmrf
rfc
cpc
pctt lm
lmlm
lmrc
rcpc
pc Ytcef
tcefc
crf
rf/T
/Tmr
mrct
ctur
urc
ce yceo fb
fbou
ouec
ecjc
jce
e fb Be
Bef
fne
nems
msbc
bc ue
uetu
tuj
j
pmemetuce
pmemetuce pmklmlc
pmklmlcece7
ece7
▧ YEBB 3?<=
YE 3?<=77 <431
<431 tm
tmet
etce
ceo
o Tm
Tmklm
klmlc
lcec
ece
e uetu
uetuj
j Gmk
Gmklc
lctc
tce
e
▧ YEB 3?<17 <432 tmetceo Vctc Icrc Tmrmeicecce Jmtc`cece Omkpc uetuj Ytrujtur  
Lc
Lceo
eoue
uece
ce Om
Omfu
fueo
eo fce
fce En
Ene
e Omfu
Omfueo
eo..
▧ YEB 3?<?7 <439 tmetceo Lmlce Kbebkue uetuj Tmrceiceoce Lceouece Omfueo fce
Ytrujtu
Ytrujturr Hcb
Hcbe.
e.

Hceojc`-hce
Hceojc`-hceojc`
ojc` uetuj kmeobeput
kmeobeput Lmlce
Lmlce Jnklbecsb
Jnklbecsb
▧ Jhbj Fmabem Kmeu 5 Hncf Inklbectbnes
▧ Jhb
Jhbj
j Cff Emw I
Inkln
nkln
▧
Vypm
Vypm smsu
smsucbj
cbjce
ce fme
fmeoce
oce tbpm
tbpm fcrb
fcrb lmlce
lmlce yceo
yceo fbrm
fbrmeic
eicecjc
ecjce
e
▧ Jhb
Jhbj
j Cff Emw Hn
Hncf
cf Tcttmre
Tcttmre
▧ Lmrbjc
Lmrbjce
e eckc Jnk
Jnklbe
lbecsb
csb Tmklml
Tmklmlcec
cece
e smsucb
smsucb fme
fmeoce
oce pmrmei
pmrmeicec
cecce.
ce.
▧ Tbh
Tbhb`
b` Hncf Icsm yceo
yceo fbrmeicecjc
fbrmeicecjce
e
▧ Beput fctc Yich
Yichm
m Acitnr lmrfcscr
lmrfcscr ebhcb acjtnr fcrb pmrcturce
pmrcturce yceo
yceo f
fbouec
bouecjce
jce
▧ Jh
Jhbj
bj Cf
Cff
f
▧ Jh
Jhbj
bj NJ

Fbchno Lnx Fmabem Hncf Inklbectbne

Fbchno Lnx Hncf Inklbectbne Fctc

@N_ VN CTTHR HNCF 60

 

GNBEV HNCF

Tcfc
Tcfc pm
pmrb
rbhc
hcju
ju lm
lmlc
lce
e tm
tmrp
rpus
usct
ct fb
fbhc
hcju
jujc
jce
e lmlm
lmlmrc
rcpc
pc kn
knfm
fmhh mh
mhmk
mkme
me stru
strujt
jtur
ur ce
cetc
tcrc
rc hc
hcbe
be sm
smlc
lcoc
ocbb
lmrbjut7
Jcsus 3
▧ Knfmh I37 Arckm tmrlcob 3 smokme (suppnrt tn suppnrt) fmeoce lmlce tmrpusct fbtmeoc`
lmetceo
▧ Knfmh I<7 Arckm tmrlcob < smokme fmeoce lmlce tmrpusct fbtmeoc` lmetceo

Fmeoce lmlce tmrpusct fbhcjujce fmeoce lmlmrcpc jnefbsb ycbtu7

▧ I37 Tnbet Hncf
▧ I<7 Gnbet Hncf

Knfmh I3 Knfmh I<

Jcsus <
▧ Knfmh I97 Y`mhh
Y`mhh fce lchnj
lchnj befuj tmrlco
tmrlcobb 6 smokme fmeoce
fmeoce lmlce tmrpusct
tmrpusct fbtmeoc`
fbtmeoc`
lmetceo
▧ Knfmh I67 Knfmh
Knfmh I9 + lchnj ce
cecj
cj crc`

Fmeoce lmlce tmrpusct fbhcjujce fmeoce lmlmrcpc jnefbsb ycbtu7

▧ I97 Gnbet Hncf
▧
I67 Gnbet
Gnbet Hncf
Hncf

Knfmh I9 Knfmh I6

@N_ VN CTTHR HNCF 62

 

KNFMH I3 I<
Icsm 3

Knfmh I3 kmkbhbjb Arckm tmrlcob

tmrlcob 3 smokme (suppnrt
(suppnrt tn suppnrt) fmeo
fmeoce
ce lmlce tmr
tmrpusct
pusct
fbtmeoc` lmetceo

KNFMH I3

Tmr
mrhm
hmtc
tcjc
jce
e 7 Css
ssbboe 5 Gn
Gnbbet
ets
s 5 \mst
\mstrc
rcbbet
Tm
Tmklm
klmlc
lcec
ece
e 7C
Cssb
ssboe
oe 5 Arc
Arckm
km Hnc
Hncfs
fs 5 Tn
Tnbe
bett

jcrmec pcfc pmrknf

knfmhce beb tb
tbf
fcj tmrfcpct tbtbj/
j/ggnbe fb tmeoc` lmetceo pmklm
klmlcece kcj
kcjc

lmlc
lmlce
e fbfm
fbfmab
abeb
ebsb
sbjce
jce lmjm
lmjmrgc
rgc pcfc
pcfc tm
tmeo
eoc`
c` lmet
lmetce
ceo
o smic
smicrc
rc tm
tmrp
rpus
usct
ct pc
pcfc
fc suct
suctu
u gc
gcrc
rcj
j tm
tmrt
rtme
metu
tu..

Knfmh I< kmkbhbjb

kmkbhbjb Arckm tmrl
tmrlcob
cob < smokme fmeoce
fmeoce lmlce
lmlce tmrpusct
tmrpusct pcfc
pcfc tbtbj
tbtbj fbtmeoc`
fbtmeoc`
lmetceo

KNFMH I<

Tmr
mrhm
hmtc
tcjc
jce
e 7 Css
ssbboe 5 Gn
Gnbbet
ets
s 5 \mst
\mstrc
rcbbet
Tm
Tmklm
klmlc
lcec
ece
e 7C
Cssb
ssboe
oe 5 Gnb
Gnbet
et H
Hnc
ncfs
fs 5 A
Anr
nrim
ims
s

Jcr
crme
mec
c pcf
cfc
c pm
pmrk
rknf
nfmh
mhce
ce beb
beb tm
tmrf
rfc
cpc
pctt tb
tbtb
tbj/
j/gn
gnbe
be fb tm
tme
eoc` lm
lmet
etc
ceo pm
pmkl
klml
mlce
cece
ce kcjc
kcjc lml
mlme
me
fbfm
fbfmab
abeb
ebsb
sbjce
jce lmjmr
lmjmrgc
gc pcfc
pcfc tm
tmeo
eoc`
c` lmet
lmetce
ceo
o smic
smicrc
rc tm
tmrp
rpus
usct
ct pc
pcfc
fc tb
tbtb
tbj
j tm
tmrs
rsml
mlut
ut..

@N_ VN CTTHR HNCF =4

 

KNFMH I9 I6
Icsm <
Knfm
Knfmhh I9 kmkbh
kmkbhbj
bjbb Y`
Y`mh
mhhh tm
tmrl
rlco
cobb 6 smokm
smokme
e fmeo
fmeoce
ce lm
lmlc
lce
e tm
tmrpu
rpusc
sctt fb
fbtm
tmeo
eoc`
c` lm
lmet
etce
ceo.
o.

Knfmh I9

Tmr
mrhm
hmtc
tcjc
jce
e 7 Css
ssbboe 5 Gn
Gnbbet
ets
s 5 \mst
\mstrc
rcbbet
Tm
Tmklm
klmlc
lcec
ece
e 7C
Cssb
ssboe
oe 5 Gnb
Gnbet
et H
Hnc
ncfs
fs 5 A
Anr
nrim
ims
s

Tcf
cfc
c pm
pmrk
rknf
nfmh
mhce
ce beb tb
tbfc
fcj
j tm
tmrf
rfcp
cpc
ct tb
tbtb
tbj/
j/gn
gnbe
be fb tm
tmeo
eoc
c` cr
crmc
mc kcjc
kcjc s`
s`mh
mhhh fb
fbfm
fmab
abeb
ebsb
sbjc
jce
e fb
fblc
lcob
ob
kme
kmegcfb 6 smokme
kme cocr tmrf
rfc
cpct pnbet pcfc fbtmeoc` crmc sm`beooc lmlce tmrpusct fcpct
fbcphbjcsbjc
fbcphbjcsbjce
e pcfc pmrknfmh
pmrknfmhce.
ce.

Knfmh I6 kmkb
kmkbhhbjb Y`mhh tm
tmrrlcob 6 smokme fce lchnj cecj pcfc jmfuc crc` fmeoce lmlce
tmrpus
tmrpusct
ct fbtmeo
fbtmeoc`
c` lmetce
lmetceo.
o.

KNFMH I6

Tmr
mrhm
hmtc
tcjc
jce
e 7 Css
ssbboe 5 Gn
Gnbbet
ets
s 5 \mst
\mstrc
rcbbet
Tm
Tmklm
klmlc
lcec
ece
e 7C
Cssb
ssboe
oe 5 Gnb
Gnbet
et H
Hnc
ncfs
fs 5 A
Anr
nrim
ims
s

Tcfc
Tcfc pm
pmrk
rknf
nfmh
mhce
ce beb
beb tm
tmrf
rfcp
cpct
ct Lchn
Lchnj
j Ce
Cec
cj yce
ceo
o kmkl
kmklmh
mhc`
c` s`mh
s`mhhh kmeg
kmegcf
cfbb 6 sm
smok
okme
me fm
fmeo
eoce
ce tb
tbcp
cp
Lchn
Lchnj
j Ce
Cec
cj fblc
fblcob
ob kmeg
kmegcf
cfbb < smok
smokme
me,, kcjc
kcjc lm
lmlc
lce
e fb
fbfm
fmab
abeb
ebsb
sbjc
jce
e lm
lmjm
jmrg
rgc
c pc
pcfc
fc tm
tmeo
eoc`
c` lm
lmet
etce
ceo
o
Lc
Lchn
hnj
j Ce
Cecje
cje smic
smicrc
rc tm
tmrp
rpus
usct
ct pcfc
pcfc tb
tbtb
tbj
j tmrs
tmrsml
mlut
ut..

@N_ VN CTTHR HNCF =3

 

A\CKM HNCF

Tcf
cfc
c pmrb
pmrbhc
hcju
ju lmlc
lmlce
e kmrc
kmrctc
tc fbh
fbhcj
cju
ujc
jce
e lmlm
lmrc
rcpc
pc knfm
knfmhh mh
mhmk
mkme
me stru
strujt
jtur
ur ce
cettcr
crc
c hc
hcbbe sm
sml
lco
cocb
cb
lmrbjut7
Jcsu
Jcsus
s3
▧ Knfmh A37 Arckm tmrlcob 3 smokme (suppnrt tn suppnrt) fmeoce lmlce kmrctc

smpcegceo lmetceo
▧ Knfm
Kn fmhh A<7 Arckm
Arckm tm
tmrlc
rlcob
ob = smokm
smokme
e fmeo
fmeoce
ce lmlc
lmlce
e kmrct
kmrctc
c smpc
smpceg
egce
ceo
o lm
lmet
etce
ceo
o
Jcsu
Jcsus
s<
▧ Knfm
Knfmhh A97 Arckm
Arckm Lc
Lchn
hnj
j fmeo
fmeoce
ce lmlc
lmlce
e kmrct
kmrctc
c mqub
mqubvc
vchm
hme
e (kmtn
(kmtnfm
fm ckphn
ckphnp)
p)
▧ Knfm
Knfmhh A67 Arckm
Arckm Lc
Lchn
hnj
j fmeo
fmeoce
ce lmlc
lmlce
e tr
trcp
cpms
msbu
buk
k (km
(kmtn
tnfm
fm ckphn
ckphnp)
p)

Fmeoce lmlce kmrctc fbhcjujce fmeoce lmlmrcpc jnefbsb ycbtu7

▧ A37 Fbstrblutmf ]ebanrk Hncf
▧ A<7 Fbstrblutmf ]ebanrk Hncf
▧ A97 Fbstrblutmf ]ebanrk Hncf
▧ A67 Fbstrblutmf Vrcpmznbfch Hncf

Knfmh A3

Knfmh A<

Knfmh A9

Knfmh A6

@N_ VN CTTHR HNCF =<

 

K N F M H A3 A<
Icsm 3

Knfmh A3 kmkb
kmkbhhbjb Arckm tmrfbrb fcrb 3 smokme
kme (sup
suppnrt tn suppnrt)
rt) fmeoce lmlce kmrctc
smpcegceo
smpcegceo lmetceo
lmetceo

Knfmh A3

Tmrhm
mrhmtc
tcjc
jce
e 7 Css
ssbboe 5 Gn
Gnbbet
ets
s 5 \ms
mstr
trcb
cbet
et
Tmklml
Tmklmlcec
cece
e 7C
Cssb
ssboe
oe 5 Arckm
Arckm Hncfs
Hncfs 5 Fbst
Fbstrbl
rblutm
utmf
f

Tcfc
Tcfc pmrknfm
pmrknfmhce
hce beb lml
lmlce
ce kmrctc
kmrctc fbfmab
fbfmabebs
ebsbjc
bjce
e lmjmrgc
lmjmrgc pcfc
pcfc smpceg
smpcegceo
ceo lmetce
lmetceo.
o.

Knfmh A< km
kmk
kbhbjb Arckm tmrlcob km
kme
egcfb = smokme sckc pcegceo fmeoce lmlce kmr
kmrctc
smpcegceo
smpcegceo lmetceo.
lmetceo.

Knfmh A<

Tmrhmtcjce 7 Cssboe 5 Gnbets 5 \mstrcbet

Tmklm
klmlcece 7 Cssboe 5 Arc
Arckm Hncfs 5 Fbstrblutmf

Tcfc pmrknf
knfmhce beb lmlce kmr
kmrctc fbfmab
abe
ebsbjc
jce
e lmjmrg
jmrgc
c pcfc smpcegceo lmetceo smtbcp
sm
smok
okme
me jm
jmku
kufb
fbce
ce kmkl
kmklce
cefb
fbeo
eojc
jce
e fm
fmeo
eoce
ce knfm
knfmhh A3 tm
tmr`
r`cf
cfcp
cp oc
ocy
yc fc
fchc
hck
k yce
ceo
o tm
tmrg
rgcf
cfbb ue
uetu
tuj
j
kmhb`ct
kmhb`ct jmkueo
jmkueojbe
jbece
ce pmr
pmrlmf
lmfcce
cce tmr`cf
tmr`cfcp
cp ocyc
ocyc yceo
yceo tmrgcf
tmrgcfb.
b.

@N_ VN CTTHR HNCF =9

 

K N F M H A9
Icsm <

Knfm
Knfmhh A9 kmk
kmkbh
bhbjb
bjb Arckm
Arckm Lc
Lchn
hnj
j fmeo
fmeoce
ce lmlc
lmlce
e kmr
kmrct
ctc
c mq
mqub
ubvc
vchm
hme
e (kmtn
(kmtnfm
fm ckphn
ckphnp)
p)

Knfmh A9

Tmrh
Tmrhmt
mtcj
cjce
ce 7 Css
ssbboe 5 Gn
Gnbe
bets
ts 5 \ms
mstr
trcb
cbet
et
Tmklmlc
Tmklmlcece
ece 7C
Cssb
ssboe
oe 5 Arckm
Arckm Hnc
Hncfs
fs 5 F
Fbst
bstrbl
rblutm
utmf
f

Tcfc
Tcfc Knfm
Knfmhh A9 lm
lmlc
lce
e kmrc
kmrctc
tc mqub
mqubvc
vchm
hme
e km
kmru
rupc
pcjc
jce
e lm
lmlc
lce
e fb
fbst
strb
rblu
lusb
sb yce
ceo
o lm
lmrc
rcsc
schh fc
fcrb
rb lm
lmlc
lce
e
kmrct
kmrctc
c hu
hucs
csce
ce yceo
ceo fbsc
fbschu
hurjc
rjce
e pcfc
pcfc lchn
lchnj
j fmeo
fmeoce
ce km
kmtn
tnfm
fm ckph
ckphnp
np kmegc
kmegcfb
fb lm
lmlc
lce
e tm
tmrf
rfbs
bstr
trbl
blus
usbb
tcj
tcj kmrc
kmrctc
tc lmet
lmetu
uj lm
lmru
rupc
pc tr
trcp
cpms
msbu
buk
k ctc
tcu
u smo
mobbtb
tboc
oc,, jm
jmku
kufb
fbce
ce fb
fbic
icrb
rb tb
tbeo
eoob
ob ma
mam
mjtb
jtba fc
fcrb
rb lm
lmlc
lce
e
hucsce
hucsce tmrsml
tmrsmlut
ut fmeoce
fmeoce icr
icrc
c kmejnev
kmejnevmrsb
mrsbjce
jce huc
hucsce
sce kmegcfb
kmegcfb pmrsmo
pmrsmob.
b.

Fbst
bstrblu
rblusb
sb lm
lmlc
lce
e kmtnfm
kmtnfm ckphnp
kphnp

 ; sufut
sufut lcob, 6=n
lcob,
T ; lmetc
lmetceo
eo crc`
crc` kmkcegce
kmkcegceo
o
H
H ; lmetce
lmetceo
o crc
crc`
` kmhbetc
kmhbetceo
eo

T

T- H
 < ∜ 
»H
; `mq
℅  ;
6
  .
T T

`mq
℅  ; 3ൟ6 . 
»H
;
H H

@N_ VN CTTHR HNCF =6

 

K N F M H A6
Icsm <

Knfm
Knfmhh A6 kmk
kmkbh
bhbj
bjbb Ar
Arckm
ckm Lc
Lchn
hnj
j fmeo
fmeoce
ce lmlc
lmlce
e tr
trcp
cpms
msbu
buk
k (kmtn
(kmtnfm
fm ckphn
ckphnp)
p)

Knfmh A6

Tmrhmtcjce 7 Cssboe 5 Gnbets 5 \mstrcbet

Tmklm
mklmlc
lcec
ece
e 7 Css
ssbboe 5 Ar
Arck
ckm
m Hn
Hncf
cfs
s 5 Fbstr
bstrbl
blu
utm
tmf
f 5 Vr
Vrcp
cpm
mznb
nbfc
fchh Hn
Hncf
cf

Tcfc Knfmh A6 lmlce tmrf

rfbbstrblusb tcj kmrctc lmrcsch fcrb lmlce hucsce yceo fbschurjce

fmeo
fmeoce
ce kmt
kmtnf
nfm
m ckph
ckphnp
np.. Tc
Tcfc
fc jcsu
jcsus
s beb
beb pmklm
pmklmlc
lcec
ece
e lb
lbcs
cscey
ceyc
c tm
tmrg
rgcf
cfbb pc
pcfc
fc pm
pmkl
klml
mlce
cece
ce lc
lchn
hnj
j
fce hmlb` kuf
kufc` uetuj fbbeput fctceyc
eyc fchck pmrknf
knfmhce jcr
jcrmec tcj pmrhu kme
kmeoulc`eyc
eyc
kmegcf
kmegcfbb lmlc
lmlce
e tmrf
tmrfbs
bstr
trbl
blus
usbb kmr
kmrct
ctc
c smpm
smpmrt
rtbb pcfc
pcfc jcsus
jcsus Kn
Knfm
fmhh A9

 ; sufut
sufut lcob, 6=n
T ; lmetc
lmetceo
eo crc`
crc` kmkcegce
kmkcegceo
o
H
H ; lmetce
lmetceo
o crc
crc`
` kmhbet
kmhbetceo
ceo

T

»H »H
»H »H

q q »H
»H

H T

q ; S. »H q ; S. »H

@N_ VN CTTHR HNCF ==

 

C\MC HNCF

Tcfc pmklmlcece crmc fbhcjujce lmlmrcpc knfmh mhmkme strujtur cetcrc hcbe smlcocb
lmrbjut7
▧ Knfmh Y37 Arckm tmrlcob 3 smokme (suppnrt tn suppnrt) fmeoce Y`mhh 3 smokme
▧ Knfmh Y<7 Arckm tmrlcob =44kk pmr smokme fmeoce Y`mhh 3 smokme
▧ Knfmh Y97 Arckm tmrlcob =44kk pmr smokme fmeoce Y`mhh tmrlcob =4kk pmr smokme

Fmeoce pmklmlcece hucsce fbhcjujce fmeoce lmlmrcpc jnefbsb ycbtu7

▧ Hc37 ]ebanrk (Y`mhh)
▧ Hc<7 ]ebanrk tn Arckm (Y`mhh)-Nem _cy
▧ Hc97 ]ebanrk tn Arckm (Y`mhh)-Vwn _cy

Knfmh Y3

Knfmh Y<

Knfmh Y9

@N_ VN CTTHR HNCF =1

 

KNFMH Y3

Knfmh Y3
Y3 kmkbhbjb Arckm tmrfbrb
tmrfbrb 3 smokme
smokme (suppnrt
(suppnrt tn suppnrt)
suppnrt) fmeoce Y`mhh
Y`mhh 3 smokme
smokme

Knfmh Y3

Tmrhmtcjce 7 Cssboe 5 Gnbets 5 \mstrcbet

Tmklm
klmlcece 7 Cssboe 5 Crmc Hncfs

Tcf
cfc
c Knfm
Knfmhh Y3 beb
beb lm
lml
lce kmrc
kmrctc
tc huc
ucsc
sce
e fbfm
fbfmab
abeb
ebsb
sbjc
jce
e lm
lmjm
jmrg
rgc
c pc
pcfc
fc s`
s`m
mhh (pmh
(pmhc
ct hce
cetc
tcb)
b) yce
ceo
o
fbkce
kcec cjce fbschurjce jm lchnj jmkuf
kufbce jm tukpu
kpuce. Tmklm
klmlcece hucsce fbhcjujc
jujce
e
fmeoce
fmeoce lml
lmlmrc
mrcpc
pc jnef
jnefbsb
bsb yc
ycbtu
btu77
▧ Hc377 ]eb
Hc3 ]ebanr
anrk
k (Y`mhh
(Y`mhh))
▧ Hc<7
Hc<7 ]e
]eba
banr
nrk
k tn Arckm
Arckm (Y
(Y`m
`mhh
hh)-N
)-Nem
em _cy
▧ Hc97
Hc97 ]e
]eba
banr
nrk
k tn Arckm
Arckm (Y
(Y`m
`mhh
hh)-V
)-Vwn
wn _cy

@N_ VN CTTHR HNCF =?

 

KNFMH Y<

Knfmh Y< kmkbhbjb

kmkbhbjb Arckm tmrl
tmrlcob
cob =44kk pmr smokme
smokme fmeo
fmeoce
ce Y`mhh
Y`mhh 3 smokme

Knfmh Y<

Tmrhmtcjce 7 Cssboe 5 Gnbets 5 \mstrcbet

Tmklmlcece 7 Cssboe 5 Crmc Hncfs

Tc
Tcfc
fc Knfm
Knfmhh Y< beb
beb lm
lmlc
lce
e kmrc
kmrctc
tc hucs
hucsce
ce fbfm
fbfmab
abeb
ebsb
sbjc
jce
e lm
lmjm
jmrg
rgc
c pc
pcfc
fc s`
s`mh
mhhh (p
(pmh
mhct
ct hc
hcet
etcb
cb)) fm
fmeo
eoce
ce
fblu
fbluct
ct kmeg
kmegcf
cfbb lmlm
lmlmrc
rcpc
pc smok
smokme
me fce
fce lm
lmlc
lce
e cj
cjce
ce fb
fbsc
schu
hurj
rjce
ce jm lc
lchn
hnj
j jm
jmku
kufb
fbce
ce jm tu
tukp
kpuc
uce.
e.
Tmklml
Tmklmlcec
cece
e hucsce
hucsce fbhcjuj
fbhcjujce
ce fmeoce
fmeoce lml
lmlmrc
mrcpc
pc jnefbs
jnefbsbb ycbtu
ycbtu77
▧ Hc377 ]eb
Hc3 ]ebanrk
anrk (Y`mhh
(Y`mhh))
▧ Hc<7
Hc<7 ]e
]eba
banr
nrk
k tn Arckm
Arckm (Y
(Y`m
`mhh
hh)-N
)-Nem
em _cy
▧ Hc97
Hc97 ]e
]eba
banr
nrk
k tn Arckm
Arckm (Y
(Y`m
`mhh
hh)-V
)-Vwn
wn _cy

@N_ VN CTTHR HNCF =0

 

KNFMH Y9

Knfmh Y9 kmkb
kmkbhhbjb Arckm tmrlcob =44kk pmr smokme fmeoce Y`mhh tmrlcob =44kk pmr 
smokme

Knfmh Y9

Tmrhmtcjce 7 Cssboe 5 Gnbets 5 \mstrcbet

Tmklm
klmlcece 7 Cssboe 5 Crmc Hncfs

Tcfc
Tcfc Knfm
Knfmhh Y9 beb
beb lm
lmlc
lce
e kmrc
kmrctc
tc hucs
hucsce
ce fbfm
fbfmab
abeb
ebsb
sbjc
jce
e lm
lmjm
jmrg
rgc
c pc
pcfc
fc s`mh
s`mhhh (p
(pmh
mhct
ct hc
hcet
etcb
cb)) fm
fmeo
eoce
ce
mhmk
mhmkme
me s`
s`mh
mhhh fc
fce
e ar
arck
ckm
m fblu
fbluct
ct kmeg
kmegcf
cfbb lm
lmlm
lmrc
rcpc
pc sm
smok
okme
me jm
jmku
kufb
fbce
ce lm
lmlc
lce
e cjce
cjce fb
fbsc
schu
hurj
rjce
ce jm
lchn
lchnj
j jmk
jmkuf
ufbc
bce
e jm tu
tukpu
kpuce
ce.. Tm
Tmklm
klmlc
lcec
ece
e hucs
hucsce
ce fbhc
fbhcjuj
jujce
ce fm
fmeo
eoce
ce lm
lmlm
lmrc
rcpc
pc jnefb
jnefbsb
sb ycbt
ycbtu7
u7
▧ Hc377 ]eb
Hc3 ]ebanrk
anrk (Y`mhh
(Y`mhh))
▧ Hc<7
Hc<7 ]e
]eba
banr
nrk
k tn Arckm
Arckm (Y
(Y`m
`mhh
hh)-N
)-Nem
em _cy
▧ Hc97
Hc97 ]e
]eba
banr
nrk
k tn Arckm
Arckm (Y
(Y`m
`mhh
hh)-V
)-Vwn
wn _cy

@N_ VN CTTHR HNCF =2

 

KNF]HM 46
\MY]HVY CECH
CECHRYBY
RYBY

Fmanrkmf Y`cpm
Gnbet \mcitbnes
Betmrech Anrims
Y`mhh Ytrmssms
Qbmw Vclh
clhmm
Nutput Abhm
 

FMAN\KMF Y@CTM

▧ Jhbj Fbsphcy
Fbsphcy 5 Y`nw
Y`nw Fmanrkmf
Fmanrkmf Y`cpm
Y`cpm , ctcu fmeoce
fmeoce s`nrtiut
s`nrtiut jhbj
jhbj A1 pcfc jmylncrf
jmylncrf
▧ Tbhb`
Tbhb` Icsm/Inkln
Icsm/Inkln Eckm
Eckm yceo
yceo cjce fbhb`ct
fbhb`ct
▧ Jh
Jhbj
bj Cpphy
Cpphy
▧ Jhbj NJ

Fbchno Lnx Fbsphcy Fmanrkmf Y`cpm

Yichbeo
▧  Cutnkctbi ; Kmeckpbhjce vbsuchbscsb pmrulc`ce lmetuj strujtur smicrc
ntnkctbs
ntnkctbs nhm`
nhm` prnorc
prnorck
k
▧ ]smr Fmabemf ; Kmeckpbhjce vbsuchbscsb pmrulc`ce lmetuj strujtur lmrfcscr  
ebhc
ebhcbb sjc
sjchc
hc yceo
yceo fbtm
fbtmet
etuj
ujce
ce nh
nhm`
m` pm
pmeo
eoou
ouec
ec
Inetnur Nptbnes
Nptbnes
▧ Fr
Frcw
cw Inet
Inetnu
nurr ne Nl
Nlgm
gmit
its
s ; Kmhb
Kmhb`c
`ctt fbco
fbcorc
rck
k wc
wcre
rec
c pc
pcfc
fc pm
pmru
rulc
lc`c
`ce
e lm
lmet
etuj
uj stru
strujtu
jtur 
r 
▧ Ine
netn
tnur
ur Inkp
Inkpne
nem
met ; Kmem
Kmemet
etuj
ujce
ce wcr
cre
ec fbco
fbcorc
rck
k sm
smsu
sucb
cb cr
crc`
c` pm
pmru
rulc
lc`
`ce stru
strujt
jtur 
ur 
▧ Y`
Y`nw
nw Inet
Inetbe
beun
unus
us In
Inet
etnu
nur;
r; Kmec
Kmeckpb
kpbhj
hjce
ce wc
wcre
rec
c fb
fbco
corck
rck hm
hmlb
lb`
` `c
`chu
hus
s (orcf
(orcfcs
csb)
b)

Nptbnes
▧ _brm Y`cfnw ; Kmeckpbhjce pmrknfmhce strujtur smlmhuk fmanrkcsb
▧ Iulbi Iurvm ; Kmeckpbhjce mhmkme kmkbhbjb pbcs hmlb` lceycj.

\MY]HVY CECHRYBY 13
 

FMAN\KMF Y@CTM

@b
@bo`hbot
o`hbot Nuput
Nuput

Fbcorck Lcr 

Yukkcry Nuput ]ebts

 Ceb kct bn e Fman rk
rkmf
mf
Y`cpm

Ocklcr Tmrknf
Tmrknfmhce
mhce Ytrujt
Ytrujtur
ur Kmeoc
Kmeochckb
hckb Fmanr
Fmanrkcsb
kcsb

Jmtmrceoce
▧ @bo`
bo`hb
hbo`
o`tt Nutp
Nutput
ut ; Nutp
Nutput
ut pcfc
pcfc gnb
gnbet yce
ceo
o kmeo
kmeoch
chc
ckb pm
pmrp
rpbe
bef
fc`
c`ce
ce fce trce
trcesh
shcs
csbb
▧ Yukkcry Nutput ; Ebhcb Nutput kcjsbkch fce kbebkch gnbet yceo kmeochckb
pmrpbe
pmrpbefc`
fc`ce
ce fce trc
trcesh
eshcsb
csb
▧  Cebkctbne Fmanrkmf ; Kmhb`ct cebkcsb pmromrcjce strujtur kmeochckb fmanrkcsb
▧ Fbcorck Lcr ; Befmjs wcrec yceo kmeuegujjce beanrkcsb lmscrce fmanrkcsb
▧ ]ebts ; Kmemetujce sc
s ctuce Fbsphcy Nutput p
pccfc hmklcr jmrgc

\MY]HVY CECHRYBY 1<

 

GNBEV \MCIVBNEY

▧ Jhbj Fbsphcy 5 Y`nw

Y`nw An
Anrim
rims/
s/Yt
Ytrm
rmssms 5 Gnbet , ctcu fmeoce s`nrtiut jhbj A? pcfc
ssms
jmylncrf
▧ Tb
Tbhb
hb`
` Ic
Icsm
sm/I
/Inkl
nkln
n Ec
Eckm
km yceo
ceo cjc
cjce
e fbhb
fbhb`c
`ctt
▧ Jhb
Jhbj
j Cpphy
Cpphy
▧ Jh
Jhbj
bj NJ

Fbchno Lnx Fbsphcy Gnbet \mcitbnes

Fbsphcy Vypms
▧  Crrnws ; kmeckpbhjce ebhcb rmcjsb pcfc gnbet lmrupc pcec` lmsmrtc ebhcb ocyc
▧ Vc
Vclu
luhc
hctm
tmf
f ; kmec
kmeckp
kpbh
bhjc
jce
e ebhc
ebhcbb rm
rmcj
cjsb
sb pc
pcfc
fc gn
gnbe
bett lm
lmru
rupc
pc en
entc
tcsb
sb lm
lmsm
smrt
rtc
c eb
ebhc
hcbb oc
ocy
yc

 Crrn
 Cr rn ws

Ocklcr
Ocklcr Vckpbhc
Vckpbhce
e \mc
\mcjsb
jsb fmeo
fmeoce
ce Crc
Crc`
` Tcec`
Tcec`

Vcluhctmf

Ocklcr
Ocklcr Vck
Vckpbhc
pbhce
e \mcjsb
\mcjsb fme
fmeoce
oce \mj
\mjcpb
cpbtuhc
tuhcsb
sb

\MY]HVY CECHRYBY 19
 

BEVM\ECH AN\IMY

Ocy
Ocyc fc
fchc
hck
k mhmk
mhmkme
me km
kmru
rupc
pcjc
jce
e oc
ocy
yc fce
fce knkm
knkme
e `c
`csb
sbhh fc
fcrb
rb ce
cech
chbs
bsc
c pc
pcfc
fc pm
pmec
eckp
kpce
ceo
o mh
mhmk
mkme
me..
Ocy
Ocyc fc
fchc
hck
k tmrs
tmrsml
mlut
ut ce
cetc
tcrc
rc hcbe
hcbe77
▧ T ; Ocyc Cjsbch
▧ Q< ; Ocyc Omsmr pcfc lbfceo 3-<
▧ Q9 ; Ocyc Omsmr pcfc lbfceo 3-9
▧ V ; Vn
Vnrsb
▧ K< ; Knkme
kme pcfc lbfceo 3-9 (suklu <)
▧ K9 ; Knkme
kme pcfc lbfceo 3-< (suklu 9)

Oc
Ocyc
yc Cjsbch
Cjsbch fce Vnrsb

Knkme
Knkme 9 fce
fce Om
Omsmr
smr Lbfc
Lbfceo
eo 3-<
3-<

Knkme
Knkme < fce
fce Om
Omsmr
smr Lbfc
Lbfceo
eo 3-9
3-9

\MY]HVY CECHRYBY 16
 

BEVM\ECH AN\IMY

▧ Jhbj Fbsphcy 5 Y`nw Anrims/Y

Anrims/Ytrmssms 5 Arckms/Iclhms/Vmefnes , ctcu fmeoce
trmssms
s`nr
s`nrti
tiut
ut jh
jhbj
bj A0 pcfc
pcfc jmy
jmyln
lncrf
crf
▧ Tbhb` Ic
Icsm/I
sm/Inkln
nkln Eckm
Eckm yceo
ceo cjc
cjce
e fbhb
fbhb`c
`ctt
▧ Jh
Jhbj
bj NJ

Fbchno Lnx Fbsphcy Arckm Anrims/Ytrmssms

Inkpnemet
nkpnemet Anrim
Anrim
▧  Cxbch Anrim ; Ocyc Cjsbch
▧ Y`mcr <-< ; Ocyc Omsmr pcfc lbfceo suklu y hnjch
▧ Y`mcr 9-9 ; Ocyc Omsmr pcfc lbfceo suklu z hnjch
▧ Vnrsbne ; Knkme puetbr pcfc lbfceo suklu x hnjch
▧ Knkmet <-< ; Knkme pcfc lbfceo suklu y hnjch
▧ Knkmet 9-9 ; Knkme pcfc lbfceo suklu z hnjch

Yichbeo
▧  Cutnkctbi ; uetuj kmeckpbhjce vbsuchbscsb ocyc fchck smicrc ntnkctbs nhm`
prnorck
▧ ]smr
]smr Fm
Fmab
abem
emf
f ; ue
uetu
tuj
j km
kmec
eckp
kpbh
bhjc
jce
e vbsu
vbsuch
chbs
bscs
csbb oc
ocy
yc fc
fchc
hck
k lm
lmrf
rfcs
cscr
cr eb
ebhc
hcbb sjch
sjchc
c yce
ceo
o
fbtmetujce
fbtmetujce nhm` pmeoouec
pmeoouec
Nptbnes
▧ Abh
Abhh Fbco
Fbcorc
rck
k ; uet
etuj
uj kme
kmeckpb
ckpbhhjc
jce
e oc
ocy
yc fc
fchhck lm
lmru
rup
pc fb
fbco
corc
rck
k sn
snhhbf
▧ Y`n
`nw
w Qchum
chums
s ; uet
etuj
uj kme
kmeckpb
ckpbhhjc
jce
e oc
ocy
yc fc
fchhck lm
lmru
rup
pc fb
fbco
corc
rck
k lm
lmsm
smrt
rtc
c eb
ebhhcb

\MY]HVY CECHRYBY 1=
 

BEVM\ECH AN\IMY

Ocklcr Ocyc Omsmr pcfc Lchnj (Q<-<

(Q<-<))

Ocklcr Ocyc K
Knkme
nkme pcfc L
Lchnj
chnj (K9-
(K9-9)
9)

\MY]HVY CECHRYBY 11
 

BEVM\ECH AN\IMY

▧ Jhbj Fbsphcy 5 Y`nw Anrim

Anrims/Y
s/Ytrmssm
trmssms
s 5 Arckms/Iclhms/Vmefnes , ct
ctcu
cu fm
fmeo
eoc
ce s`
s`nr
nrti
tiut
ut
jh
jhbj
bj A0 pcfc
pcfc jmy
jmyln
lncr
crf
f
▧ Tb
Tbhb
hb`
` Icsm
Icsm/I
/Inkl
nkln
n Ec
Eckm
km yceo
yceo cjce
cjce fbhb
fbhb`c
`ctt
▧ Jh
Jhbj
bj NJ

Fbchno Lnx Fbsphcy Arckm Anrims/Ytrmssms

Inkpnemet Ytrmss
▧ Y33 ; Vm
Vmoceoce Tmeckpceo pcfc cr
crc` x hnjch
▧ Y3< ; Vmoceoce Tmeckpceo lbfceo suklu xy hnjch
▧ Y39 ; Vm
Vmoceoce Tmeckpceo lbfceo s
su
uklu xz hnjch
▧ Ykcx ; Vmoceoce T
Tm
meckpceo Kc
Kcjsbkuk
▧ YKbe ; Vm
Vmoceoce Tmeckpceo Kbeukuk
▧ YQK ; Knkme pcfc lbfceo suklu z hnjch

\MY]HVY CECHRYBY 1?
 

Y@MHH YV\MYYMY

▧ Jhbj Fbsphcy 5 Y`nw Anrims/Ytrmssms

Anrims/Ytrmssms 5 Y`mhhs , ctcu
ctcu fmeoce
fmeoce s`nrti
s`nrtiut
ut jh
jhbj
bj A2 pcfc
pcfc
jmylncrf
▧ Tb
Tbhb
hb`
` Icsm
Icsm/I
/Inkl
nkln
n Ec
Eckm
km yceo
ceo cjce
cjce fbhb
fbhb`c
`ctt
▧ Jh
Jhbj
bj NJ

Fbchno Lnx Fbsphcy Y`mhh Ytrmssms

Inkpnemet Anrims
▧ A33 ; Ocyc Mhmkme pcfc crc` x hnjch
▧ K33 ; Knkme Mhmkme suklu x hnjch
▧ Q33 ; Ocyc Om
Omsmr Mhmkme suklu x hnjch

Inkpnemet Ytrmssms
▧ Y33 ; Vmoceoce Mhmkme pcfc suklu x hnjch
▧ Y<< ; Vmoceoce Mhmkme pcfc suklu y hnjch
▧ Y3< ; Vmoceoce Mhmkme lbfceo suklu xy hnjch

\MY]HVY CECHRYBY 10
 

Y @ N _ VC L H M
VCLHM
Ymtm
Ymtmhc
hc`
` cech
cechbs
bsc
c fc
fcpc
pctt km
kmhb
hb`c
`ctt `c
`csb
sbhh nu
nutp
tput
ut oc
ocy
yc fc
fchc
hck
k pc
pcfc
fc mh
mhmk
mkme
me lm
lmru
rupc
pc rm
rmjc
jcpb
pbtu
tuhc
hcsb
sb tc
tclm
lmh.
h.
Fmeo
Fmeoce
ce icrc
icrc jh
jhbj
bj Fb
Fbsp
sphc
hcy
y Km
Kmeu
eu5
5 Y`
Y`nw
nw Vclhm
Vclhm..

Fbchno Lnx Vclhm Fbsphcy

Jm
Jmkuf
kufbc
bce
e pbhb
pbhb`
` imet
imetce
ceo
o fctc
fctc yceo
ceo beob
beobe
e fb tc
tckpb
kpbhj
hjce
ce ue
uetu
tuj
j kmhb`
kmhb`ct
ct be
bean
anrkc
rkcsb
sb yce
ceo
o fb
fblu
lutu
tu`jc
`jce.
e.

]etu
]etuj
j kmh
kmhb`
b`ct
ct nutp
nutput
ut lmrf
lmrfcs
cscr
cr mhmkm
mhmkme
e yceo
ceo beob
beobe
e fbtb
fbtbegc
egcu
u scgc
scgc,, fc
fcpt
pt kmeob
kmeobjut
jutbb hc
hceo
eojc`
jc`sm
smlc
lcoc
ocbb
lmrbjut7
• Ym
Ymhm
hmjsb
jsb mh
mhmkm
mkme
e yceo
ceo beob
beobe
e fb tb
tbeg
egcu
cu// fbpm
fbpmrb
rbjsc
jsc
• Lu
Lujc
jc Fb
Fbch
chno
no Ln
Lnx
x Vclhm
Vclhm
• Vmetu
Vmetujc
jce
e pmklm
pmklmlc
lcec
ece
e yceo
ceo fbou
fbouec
ecjce
jce kmhb`
kmhb`ct
ct nu
nutp
tput
ut yce
ceo
o fb
fbtb
tbeg
egcu
cu
• Tc
Tcfc
fc lcob
lcobce
ce nptb
nptbne
ne,, imet
imetce
ceo
o jntcj
jntcj lmrtu
lmrtuhb
hbsce ‘Ymhmitbne Nehy‛
sce
• Tb
Tbhb
hb`
` Bean
Beanrkc
rkcsb
sb yceo
yceo beob
beobe
e fb tc
tckpb
kpbhj
hjce
ce
• Jh
Jhbj
bj NJ

Ym
Ymhc
hceg
egut
utey
eyc
c cjce
cjce tc
tckpb
kpbhh bean
beanrkc
rkcsb
sb yceo
ceo tm
tmhc
hc`
` fbpb
fbpbhb
hb`
` ue
uetu
tuj
j fbtc
fbtckpb
kpbhjc
hjce.
e.

\MY]HVY CECHRYBY 12
 

N]VT]V ABH M
I\MCVM \MTN\V
]etu
]etuj
j km
kmey
eybk
bkpc
pce
e `csb
`csbhh nu
nutp
tput
ut fcrb
fcrb pm
pmrk
rknf
nfmh
mhce
ce st
stru
rujt
jtur
ur,, fc
fcpc
pctt kmkl
kmkluc
uctt hc
hcpn
pnrc
rce
e fm
fmeo
eoce
ce ic
icrc
rc
jh
jhbbj Ab
Abhhm Kmeu
Kmeu5
5 Irmc
rmctm \mp
mpnr
nrt.
t. Ecku
kue
e gbjc
gbjc beo
eobbe kmkl
kmkluc
uctt nut
utpu
putt lm
lmrf
rfcs
cscr
cr jm
jmlu
lutu
tu`c
`ce
e yce
ceo
o
beo
eobbe fbsc
fbscgb
gbjc
jce
e fc
fchhck hcp
cpn
nrc
rce
e kcjc
kcjc fc
fcpc
pctt fm
fme
eoce ic
icrc
rc kme
kmeojn
jns-
s-ttukb
kbsc
scsb
sb hcp
cpnr
nrce
ce tm
tmrs
rsml
mlut
ut
fmeoce
fmeoce hceojc
hceojc`-h
`-hceo
ceojc`
jc` smlcob
smlcob lmr
lmrbjut
bjut77

• Jh
Jhbj
bj Ab
Abhm
hm Kmeu
Kmeu 5 Cf
Cfvc
vcei
eimf
mf \m\mpn
pnrt
rt _rbtm
_rbtmr 
r 
• ]etuj
]etu j \mpn
\mpnrt
rt Abhm
Abhm Vy
Vypm
pm pbhb
pbhb`
` \VA
\VA
• Imetce
Imetceo
o jntc
jntcj j ‘Npme rm
rmpn
pnrt
rt be Kbir
Kbirnsnatt _nrf‛
nsna
• Jmkufbc
Jmku fbce
e jhbj ‘Irmctm Em
jhbj Emw
w Vclhm
Vclhm ]s
]sbe
beo
o IuIurrmet Knfmh‛
rrmet
• Kcjc
Kcjc cjc
jce
e kuei
kueiuh
uh fbch
fbchno
no ln
lnx
x tc
tcl
lhm an
anrr rm
rmp
pnr
nrtt wrb
rbtm
tmr,
r, jm
jmku
kufb
fbce
ce pb
pbhhb` bea
eanr
nrkc
kcsb
sb yce
ceo
o cjc
jce
e fb
tckp
tckpbh
bhjc
jce
e pc
pcfc
fc hcpn
hcpnrc
rce
e fc
fce
e jhbj
jhbj NJ
• Gb
Gbjc
jc beob
beobe
e kme
kmeoc
octu
turr anet
anet fce
fce kcr
kcrob
obe
e hcpn
hcpnrce
rce,, Jhbj
Jhbj \mpn
\mpnrt
rt Ym
Ymtu
tup
p
• Gb
Gbjc
jc tmhc
tmhc`
` smhm
smhmsc
scbb kme
kmeoc
octu
turr hcpn
hcpnrc
rce
e jmkuf
jmkufbc
bce
e jhbj
jhbj Fn
Fnem
em
• Hc
Hceg
egut
utjc
jce
e fm
fmeo
eoce
ce Jhbj
Jhbj Abhm
Abhm Kmeu
Kmeu 5 Irmc
Irmctm
tm \mpn
\mpnrt
rt
• Tb
Tbhb
hb`
` hn
hnjcs
jcsbb ab
abhm
hm cjce
cjce fbsb
fbsbkpc
kpce
e
• Lm
Lmrb
rbjce
jce eckc
eckc ab
abhm
hm jmk
jmkuf
ufbc
bce
e jhbj
jhbj Yc
Ycvm
vm
• Jm
Jmkuf
kufbc
bce
e lujc
lujc ab
abhm
hm hcpn
hcpnrce
rce uetu
uetuj
j fbtc
fbtckpb
kpbhj
hjce
ce

Fbchno Lnx Vclhm Fbsphcy

\MY]HVY CECHRYBY ?4
 

KNF]HM 4=
\MY]HVY CECH
CECHRYBY
RYBY

Ytufy Icsm 3
Ytufy Icsm <
Ytufy Icsm 9
Ytufy Icsm 6
Ytufy Icsm =
Ytufy Icsm 1
 

YV]FR ICYM 3 YBKTHM LMCK

T3 T< T<
q

z
3.= k 3.= k 3.= k 3.= k
x
1.4 k

Bean Knfmh
Kutu
Kutu Lc`
Lc`ce
ce
  k
Lmtne (Ai‒) 7 <= KTc   k
Lcgc tuhceoce (Ay) 7 924 Kpc (ð ≭ 3<kk)    4
   4
   1
<64 KTc (ð 8 3<kk)
Ymhbkut Lm
Lmtne 7 64 kk
Vukpuce 7 Ymefb-rnhh

W 944 kk
Tmklmlcece
R
q ; qFH + qHH
Tntneoce
T3 ; 3=4 jo
Tmeckpceo
T< ; <44 jo
T9 ; 344 JO
Jnklbecsb Tmklmlc
Tmklmlcece
ece
▧ 3.6 F
Fbkcec7
▧ 3.< F + 3.1 H
FH 7 Lmlce
Lmlce lmrcsch
lmrcsch fcrb
fcrb lmrct
lmrct strujtur
strujtur smefbr
smefbrbb
HH 7 Lmlce jmrgc `bfup (944 jo/k‒)
Lmlce

Trnsms
Trnsms cechb
cechbsbs
sbs fce fmscb
fmscbe
e strujtu
strujturr fchck
fchck YCT<4
YCT<444
44 cfc
cfchc`
hc` smlcoc
smlcocbb lmrbju
lmrbjut7
t7

3. Irmc
Irmctm
tm Trn
Trngm
gmit
it Abhm
Abhm..
<. Fmab
Fmabem
em Kctm
Kctmrb
rbch
ch..
9. Fmab
Fmabem
em Ymi
Ymitb
tbne
ne T
Trn
rnpm
pmrt
rtbm
bms.
s.
6. Frc
rcw
w Knfmh.
=. Css
ssbo
boe
e Yup
Yuppn
pnrt
rt..
1. Fmab
Fmabem
em Hnc
Hncf
f Tct
Tcttm
tmre
re..
?. Fmab
Fmabem
em Hncf
Hncf Inklb
Inklbec
ectb
tbne
ne..
0. Cssboe H
Hn
ncf.
2. \ue Cec
echhysbs.
sbs.
34. I`mij
I`mij \msuh
\msuhts.
ts.

YBKTHM LMCK ?<

 

I\MCVM T\NGMIV ABHM

▧ Jhbj Ab hm
hm Kmeu 5 Emw Knf
nfmmh , ctcu tmjce Itrh + E. Kcjc cjce jmhucr tckpbhce smpmrtb
ocklcr
ocklcr fbl
fblcwc
cwc`
` beb.
beb.
▧ Vmetu
Vmetujce
jce ]ebt
]ebt yceo
ceo cjce
cjce fbou
fbouec
ecjce
jce
▧

Tbh
Tbhb` Vmkphctm ‘Orbf Nehy‛
b` Vmkphctm
▧ Bepu
Beputt fc
fctc
tc or
orbf
bf sm
smsu
sucb
cb fm
fmeo
eoce
ce rmei
rmeice
cec
c pm
pmrk
rknf
nfmh
mhce
ce pc
pcfc
fc fb
fbch
chno
no ln
lnx
x Subi
Subij
j Orbf
Orbf Hb
Hbem
ems
s
▧ Jhbj ‘NJ‛

Fbchno Lnx Emw Kctmrbch

Fbchno Lnx Subij Orbf Hbems

YBKTHM LMCK ?9
 

FMABEM KCVM\BCH

▧ Jhbj Fm
Fmabem
abem Km
Kmeu
eu 5 Kctmrbchs
▧ Tb
Tbhb
hb`
` kctmr
kctmrbc
bchh 6444
6444 Ts
Tsbb
▧ Jhbj Cf
 Cfff Inp y na Kctmrb
Kct mrb ch

Fbchno Lnx Fmabem Kctmrbch

Jmkufbce
Jmkufbce beput fctc smsucb fmeoce
fmeoce fctc pmrmeicecc
pmrmeicecce
e fchck gmefmhc
gmefmhc Kctmrbch
Kctmrbch Trnpmrty
Trnpmrty Fctc
smpmrt
smpmrtbb pcf
pcfc
c ockl
ocklcr
cr fbl
fblcw
cwc`
c` beb.
beb.

▧ Lmrb Eckc Kctmrbch

Kctmrbch smsucb
smsucb fmeoc
fmeoce
e
rmeicec
▧ Fbsphcy Inhnr fbtmetujce
fbtmetujce nhm` usmr
(nptbnech)
▧ Lmrct pmr vnhukm
vnhukm lmtne ; <64
<644 jo/k9
4 jo/k

Knfuhus Mhcstbsbtcs
Knfuhus Lmtne, Mi ; 6?44   ‼
Mhcstbsbtcs Lmtne,
▧  a‒i ; <= Kpc (E/ kk<)
(E/kk

Tcstbjc
Tcstbjce
e fctc
fctc fbbeput
fbbeput sm
smsuc
sucbb fmeoc
fmeoce
e
]ebts!

Fbchno Lnx Fmabem Kctmrbch

YBKTHM LMCK ?6
 

FMABEM YMIVBNE T\NTM\VBMY

▧ Jhbj Fm
Fmabem
abem Kmeu 5 Ymitbne
Kmeu Trnpmrtbms 5 Arc
Ymitbne Trnpmrtbms Arckm
km Ymitbnes
Ymitbnes
▧ Jhbj Cf
 Cfff Emw Trn pmr ty

Fbchno Lnx Arckm Trnpmrtbms

▧ Tbhb`
Tbhb` Arckm Ymi
Ymitbne
tbne Trnpmrty
Trnpmrty Vypm
Vypm kmegcfb Ineirm
Ineirmtm
tm
▧ Jhb
Jhbj
j pmeckpc
pmeckpceo
eo \mitce
\mitceouh
ouhcr 
cr 

Fbchno Lnx Cff Arckm Ymitbne Trnpmrty

YBKTHM LMCK ?=
 

FMABEM YMIVBNE T\NTM\VBMY

▧ Lmrbb Eckc Tmeckp

Lmr Tmeckpceo
ceo sms
smsucb
ucb fme
fmeoce
oce rmeice
rmeicec
c
▧ Fbsphcy Inhnr fbtmetujce nhm` usmr (nptbnech)
▧ Fmpt` ; tbeoob
tbeoob pmeckpceo
pmeckpceo
▧ _bft` ; hmlcr
hmlcr pmeckp
pmeckpceo
ceo
▧ Tbhb`
Tbhb` Kctmrb
Kctmrbch
ch a‒i <=
▧ Jhbj Ineirm
Ineirmtm
tm \mbeanr
\mbeanrimkmet
imkmet

Fbchno Lnx Arckm Trnpmrtbms

Fbchno Lnx \mbeanrimkmet Fctc

▧ Tbhb`
Tbhb` Fmsbo
Fmsboe
e Vypm kmegcfb
kmegcfb Lmck (K9 Fmsboe Nehy)3
Fmsboe Nehy)
▧ Jh
Jhbj
bj NJ

3
Mhmk
Mhmkme
me fbfm
fbfmab
abeb
ebsb
sbjc
jce
e smlc
smlcoc
ocbb lc
lchn
hnj
j sm`b
sm`beo
eooc
oc `c
`cey
eyc
c fb fm
fmsc
scbe
be tm
tmr`
r`cf
cfcp
cp Knkm
Knkme
e suklu
suklu z hn
hnjc
jchh scgc
scgc

YBKTHM LMCK ?1
 

F\C_ MHMKMEV

▧ Jhbj Frcw 5 Frcw Arckm/Iclhm/Vmefne

Arckm/Iclhm/Vmefne ctcu jhbj bjne pcfc tnnhlcr
tnnhlcr smlmhc`
smlmhc` jbrb
▧ Tcstbj
Tcstbjce
ce kmeo
kmeoockl
ocklcr
cr pcfc
pcfc lbfceo
lbfceo P-W

Trnpmrtbms na Nlgmit
Subij Frcw Kmeu

Frcw Kmeu

▧ Hbem Nlgmit Vypm lmrupc

lmrupc lctce
lctceo
o hurus (Ytrcbo`t
(Ytrcbo`t Arckm)
▧ Tbh
Tbhb`
b` Ymitbn
Ymitbne
e smsucb
smsucb pmeckpc
pmeckpceo
eo yc
yceo
eo cjce Fbocklc
Fbocklcr 
r 
▧ Knkmet \mhmcsms ; Inetbeunus <
▧ Ocklcrjce
Ocklcrjce lctceo
lctceo pcfc orbf yceo
yceo ttmhc`
mhc` fbfmscbe
fbfmscbe

Ocklcrr Tmrknfmhce
Ocklc Tmrknfmhce Lchnj
Lchnj Ymfmr`cec
Ymfmr`cec

< knkm
knkme
e cjc
cjce
e fbt
fbtmru
mrusjc
sjce/
e/ tmrgcfb
tmrgcfb knkme
knkme pcfc
pcfc ugu
ugueo
eo lct
lctceo
ceo yce
yceo
o tmr
tmr`ul
`ulueo
ueo

YBKTHM LMCK ??
 

CYYBOE Y]TTN\V

▧ Jhbj Css bo e 5 Gnbet 5 \mstrcbets

▧ Tb
Tbhb
hb`
` gmeb
gmebs
s tukpuce abxmf
tukpuce
▧ Ymhmit gnbet yceo cjce fbgcfbjce tukpuce
▧ Jhbj Cp
 Cpph
ph y
▧ Jhbj NJ

Fbchno Lnx Cssboe Gnbet \mstrcbet

Gmpbt (Abxmf) gmebs tukpuce yceo kmec`ce

kmec`ce Knkme, Ocyc Qmrtbjch, fce Ocyc
Ocyc @nrbznetch
@nrbznetch

Ymefb (Tbee
(Tbeemf)
mf) gmebs
gmebs tukpuce
tukpuce yceo kmec`ce
kmec`ce Ocyc Q
Qmrtbjc
mrtbjchh fce Ocyc
Ocyc @nrbznetch
@nrbznetch

\nhh (\nhh
(\nhhmr)
mr) gmeb
gmebs
s tukpuce
tukpuce yceo kmec`ce
kmec`ce Ocyc @n
@nrbzn
rbznetch
etch

Eb`bh (Enem
(Enem)) lujce tukpuce
tukpuce

 Ceojc 3, <, fce 9 kmrupcjce crc` suklu7

▧ 3 ; sukl
suklu
ux
▧ < ; sukl
suklu
uy
▧ 9 ; sukl
suklu
uz

Ocklcr
Ocklcr pmrknf
pmrknfmhc
mhce
e lchn
lchnj
j fmeo
fmeoce
ce tuk
tukpuce
puce smfmr`c
smfmr`cec
ec

YBKTHM LMCK ?0
 

FMABEM HNCF TCVVM\E

▧ Jhbj Fmabem 5 Hncf Tcttmre

▧ Tcfc Hncf Tcttm
Tcttmre
re Eckm
Eckm lm
lmrbjce
rbjce eckc smsucb pcfc lmlce yceo
yceo fbrme
fbrmeicecjc
icecjce
e
▧ Vypm
Vypm smsuc
smsucbjce
bjce fmeoce
fmeoce tbp
tbpm
m fcrb
fcrb lmlce
lmlce yc
yceo
eo fbrm
fbrmeic
eicecjc
ecjce
e
▧ Jhbj  Cff Emw Hn cf Tctt mre
Jhbj Cff
▧ Jhbj ‘
 ‘NJ
NJ‛‛

Fbchno Lnx Fmabem Hncf Tcttmres

Tcfc Hncf
Hncf Tcttmre FM
FMCF
CF kmrupcjce
kmrupcjce lmlce
lmlce fmacuht
fmacuht yceo cfc fb YCT<444
YCT<444
(Ymhawmbo
(Ymhawmbo`t
`t Kuhtb
Kuhtbphbmr
phbmr ; 3 kmefmabebs
kmefmabebsbjce
bjce lmrct smefbrb
smefbrb strujtur
strujtur fcrb pmrknfmhce
pmrknfmhce
cjce
cjce fbl
fblcic
cic smlmsc
smlmscrr 344%
344% fcr
fcrbb pmr
pmrknf
knfmhc
mhce
e yceo
yceo fbo
fbockl
cklcrj
crjce)
ce)

YBKTHM LMCK ?2
 

FMABEM HNCF TCVVM\E

▧ Jhbj Fmabem 5 Hncf Inklbectbnes

▧ Jhbj Cf
 Cfff Emw Inkl
In kl n
▧ Vypm
Vypm smsuc
smsucbjce
bjce fmeoce
fmeoce tbp
tbpm
m fcrb
fcrb lmlce
lmlce yc
yceo
eo fbrm
fbrmeic
eicecjc
ecjce
e
▧ Jhbj Cf
 Cfff Emw Hncf
H ncf Tctt mre

Fbchno Lnx Fmabem Hncf Tcttmres

▧
Lmrbjce
Lmrbjc e eckc Jnkl
Jnklbec
becsb
sb Tmk
Tmklml
lmlcece6 sms
cece smsucb
ucb fme
fmeoce
oce pmrmei
pmrmeicec
cecce.
ce.
▧ Tbhb` Hncf Icsm yceo fbrmeicecjce
▧ Beput
Beput fctc Yichm
Yichm Acjtnr
Acjtnr lmrfcs
lmrfcscr
cr ebhcb
ebhcb acjtnr
acjtnr fcrb
fcrb pmrctu
pmrcturce
rce** yceo lmrhcju
lmrhcju
▧ Jhbj Cf
 Cfff
▧ Jhbj NJ

Fbchno Lnx Hncf Inklbectbne Fctc

6Jnklbe
Jnklbecsb
csb T
Tmklmlce
mklmlcece
ce fcpct fbhb`ct pcfc YEB 3
3?<?7
?<?7 <439

YBKTHM LMCK 04
 

CYYBOE HNCF

T3 T< T<
q

z
3.= k 3.= k 3.= k 3.= k
x
1.4 k

Ocklcr Lmlce Lmjmrg

Lmjmrgc
c Tcfc Tmrknf
Tmrknfmhce
mhce Lchnj Ymfmr`
Ymfmr`cec
cec

Fmab
Fmabeb
ebsb
sb Tm
Tmklm
klmlc
lcec
ece
e pcfc
pcfc pmrkn
pmrknfm
fmhc
hce
e st
stuf
ufbb jcs
jcsus
us 3

▧ Ymhawmbo`t kmr
kmrup
upcj
cjce
ce lmlc
lmlce
e kctb
kctb yceo
ceo lmrc
lmrcsc
schh fc
fcrb
rb lm
lmrc
rctt stru
strujtu
jturr lc
lchn
hnj
j jcetb
jcetbhm
hmvm
vmr.
r.

▧ Lmlc
Lmlce
e T kmr
kmrup
upcj
cjce
ce lmlc
lmlce
e `bfu
`bfup
p tm
tmrp
rpus
usct
ct yceo
yceo lm
lmjmr
jmrgc
gc pc
pcfc
fc ug
ugue
ueo
o lm
lmlc
lcs
s lc
lchn
hnj.
j.

▧ L ml
ml c
ce
e S km
kmru
rupc
pcjc
jce
e jn
jnkl
klbbec
ecsb
sb lm
lmlc
lce
e kctb
kctb fce
fce lm
lml
lce `b
`bfu
fup
p kmrc
kmrcttc yce
ceo
o lm
lmjm
jmrg
rgc
c pc
pcf
fc

smpcegc
smpcegceo
eo lchnj
lchnj jce
jcetbh
tbhmvm
mvmr.
r.

Fcrbb fmabeb
Fcr fmabebsb
sb lml
lmlce
ce yceo
yceo tmhc`
tmhc` fbgmhc
fbgmhcsjce
sjce sm`beo
sm`beooc
oc fcpct
fcpct kmhcjujc
kmhcjujce
e pmklmrb
pmklmrbce
ce lmlce
lmlce fmeoce
fmeoce
hceojc`
hceojc` smlcoc
smlcocbb lmrbjut
lmrbjut77

Lmlce Vmrpusct
▧ Jhbj Cssboe 5 Arckm Hn
Hncf
cf 5 Tnbet

Lmlce Kmrctc
▧ Jhbj Cssboe 5 Arckm Hncf 5 Fbstr
Fbstrblutm
blutmf
f

Lmlce Ymhawmbo`t
▧  Cjce tmrjnkputcsb smicrc ntnkctbs kmhchub smhawmbo`t kuhtbphbmr; 3 pcfc Hncf Tcttmre
FMCF

YBKTHM LMCK 03
 

CYYBOE HNCF

3=4 jo <44 jo 344 jo

x
3.= k 3.= k 3.= k 3.= k

Ocklcr
Ocklcr Lmlc
Lmlce
e @bf
@bfup
up Vbt
Vbtbj
bj Tcfc
Tcfc Tmr
Tmrknfm
knfmhce
hce Lch
Lchnj
nj Ymf
Ymfmr`
mr`cec
cec
Lmlce Vmrpusct
▧ Jhbj Cs sb oe 5 Arckm Hncf 5 Tnbets
 Cssb
▧ Tbhb` Hncf Tcttmre Hbvm Hncf
▧ Innrfbectm Yystmk ; Ohnlch
▧ Beput ebhc
ebhcbb ocyc
ocyc pcfc Tnbet Hncfs
▧ Vmetu
Vmetujce
jce ebhc
ebhcbb fce
fce hmtc
hmtcj
j lmlc
lmlce
e smsu
smsucb
cb fmeo
fmeoce
ce lmlc
lmlce
e rm
rmei
eice
cec.
c.
▧ Tbh
Tbhb`
b` kmklmr
kmklmr yc
yceo
eo cjce
cjce fbl
fblmrb
mrb lmlce
lmlce

▧
 ‘ Cpp
Jhbj ‘
Jhbj  Cpp hy‛
hy ‛
▧ Jhbj ‘
 ‘NJ
NJ‛‛

Fbchno Lnx Cssboe Arckm Tnbet Hncfs

Nptbnes
 Cff tn Mxbstbeo Hncfs ; Beput lmlce cjce tmrcjukuhcsb fmeoce lmlce smlmhukeyc=
\mphcim
\mphcim Mxbstbeo
Mxbstbeo Hncf
Hncfs
s ; Beput
Beput lmlc
lmlce
e cjce kmeoocetb
kmeoocetbjce
jce fce kmeo`cpus
kmeo`cpus lmlce
smlmhukeyc=
Fmhmtm
Fmhmtm Mxb
Mxbstb
stbeo
eo Hncf
Hncfs
s ; Kmeo`
Kmeo`cpu
cpus
s lmlce
lmlce pcf
pcfc
c gnb
gnbet
et yceo
yceo fb smhmjsbb=
fb smhmjs

=
Tcfc Hncf Tcttmre yceo sckc

YBKTHM LMCK 0<

 

CYYBOE HNCF

z
x
1.4 k
Ocklcr Lmlce Vmrfbst
Vmrfbstrblusb
rblusb Kmrc
Kmrctc
tc pcfc Tmrkn
Tmrknfmhce
fmhce Lchnj Ymfmr`
Ymfmr`cec
cec

Lmlce Kmrctc
▧ Jhbj Cs
 Cssb
sb oe 5 Arckm Hncf 5 Fbstrblutmf
▧ Tbhb` Hncf Tcttmre lml
lmlce
ce `bfup
`bfup
▧ Innrfbectm Yystmk ; Ohnlch
▧ Hncf Fbrmitbne ; Orcvbty
▧ Beput
Beput ebhcb
ebhcb smsucb
smsucb fme
fmeoce
oce lml
lmlce
ce rmeice
rmeicec.
c.
▧ Tbh
Tbhb`
b` kmklmr
kmklmr y
yceo
ceo cjce
cjce fbl
fblmrb
mrb lmlce
lmlce
▧ Jhbj ‘ Cpph
 Cp ph y ‛
▧ Jhbj ‘
 ‘NJ
NJ‛‛

Fbchno Lnx Cssboe Arckm Fbstrblutms Hncfs

YBKTHM LMCK 09
 

\ ] E C E C HR Y B Y

▧ Jhbj Ce
 Cechy
chy zm Kme u 5 Ymt
Ymt Cechysbs Nptbne s
▧ Tbh
Tbhb`
b` Acst
Acst FNAs ; PW
PW Thcem
Thcem (jcs
(jcsus
us pmrknfm
pmrknfmhce
hce cfc
cfchc`
hc` <F)
▧ Jh
Jhbj
bj NJ

Fbchno Lnx Cssboe Arckm Tnbet Hncfs

▧ Jhbj Cechyz
Cechyzm
m 5 \ue Cechy
Cechysbs,
sbs, ctcu
ctcu fmeoce
fmeoce s`nrtiut
s`nrtiut jhbj
jhbj A= pcfc
pcfc jmylncrf
jmylncrf
▧ Tcfc
Tcfc jcsus KNFCH,
KNFCH, tbf
tbfcj
cj pmrhu
pmrhu fb Cec
Cechbs
hbsc
c sm`be
sm`beooc
ooc jhbj
jhbj KNFCH
KNFCH pcf
pcfc
c tclmh
tclmh
▧ Jhbj \ue/Fn
\ue/Fn Ent \ue Icsm
Icsm
▧ Jhb
Jhbj
j \ue Enw

Fbchno Lnx Ymt Hncf Icsms tn \ue

YBKTHM LMCK 06
 

YV]FR ICYM < TN\VCH A\CKM <F

9=44

9=44

9=44

6444
z
x
1444 =444 1444

Ocklcr Tmrknfmhce
Tmrknfmhce Tnrtc
Tnrtchh <F

Bean Knfmh
Fbkmesbb mhmkme
Fbkmes mhmkme strujtu
strujtur 
r 
Lchnj (l/`) 7 944/144
Jnhnk (l/`) 7 644/644
Vmlch Tm
Tmhct 7 3<4 kk (hcetcb)
344 kk (ctcp)
Kutu Kctmrbc
Kctmrbchh
Lmtne (Ai‒) 7 94 KTc

Tmklmlcece
Lmlce kctb 7 - Jnkpneme Ytrujtur  
- Lm
Lmlc
lcee tb
tbtb
tbj
j 214
214 jo
- Lmlce
Lmlce kmrctc
kmrctc ctcp
ctcp 214
214 jo/k fce hcetcb
hcetcb 33=4
33=4 jo/k
jo/k
Lmlce `bfup 73 3<
<44 jo/k
Lmlce ceobe 7 ((+
+) 9
91
14 jo
(-) 314 jo

Jnklbecsb Tm
Tmklmlc
klmlcece
ece
▧ 3.6 F
▧ 3.< F + 3.1 H
▧ 3.< F + 3.4 _ + H
▧ 4.2 F + 3.4 _

Trnsms
Trnsms cech
cechbsb
bsbs
s fmscbe
fmscbe stru
strujtur
jtur fchck
fchck YCT<4
YCT<444
44 cfchc
cfchc`
` smlcoc
smlcocbb lmrbjut
lmrbjut77
3. Irmctm Trngmit Abhm. 1. Fmabem Hncf Tcttmre.
<. Fmabem Kctmrbch. ?. Fmabem Hncf Inklbectbne.
9. Fmabem Ymitbne Trnpmrtbms. 0. Cssboe Hncf.
6. Cssboe Mhmkmet. 2. \ue Cechysbs.
=. Cssboe Yuppnrt. 34. I`mij \msuhts

TN\VCH A\CKM <F

 0=

I\MCVM T\NGMIV ABHM

▧ Jhbj Ab hm
hm Kmeu 5 Emw Knf
nfmmh , ctcu tmjce Itrh + E. Kcjc cjce jmhucr tckpbhce smpmrtb
ocklcr
ocklcr fbl
fblcw
cwc`
c` beb.
beb.

Fbchno Lnx Emw Kctmrbch

▧ Vmetu
Vmetujce
jce ]ebt
]ebt yceo
ceo cjce
cjce fbou
fbouec
ecjce
jce
▧ Tbh
Tbhb`
b` Vmkphctm
Vmkphctm ‘<F Arckm‛
▧ Imet
Imetce
ceo
o pcfc
pcfc jnt
jntcj
cj ]sm
]sm Iu
Iust
stnk
nk Or
Orbf
bf Yp
Ypci
cibe
beo
o ce
cef
f Hn
Hnic
ictm
tm Nrbob
Nrbobe*
e*
▧ Jh
Jhbj
bj Mf
Mfbt
bt Orbf
Orbf

Fbchno Lnx Subij Orbf Hbems

*Tnr
nrtc
tchh tm
tmrl
rlco
cobb ct
ctcs
cs 9 lme
metc
tceo
eo (lcy
(lcys)
s) fc
fce
e 6 tb
tbeo
eojc
jctt (stn
(stnrb
rbms
ms).
). Jmt
mtbbeo
eoob
obce
ce ce
cettcr hc
hcet
etcb
cb fc
fce
e gc
gcrc
rcj
j
lmet
lmetce
ceo
o kmk
kmkbh
bhbj
bjbb gcrc
gcrcj
j yceo
yceo lmrl
lmrlmf
mfc
c pcfc
pcfc smtb
smtbcp
cp or
orbf
bfey
eyc
c

TN\VCH A\CKM <F

 01

I\MCVM T\NGMIV ABHM

Jmkuf
kufbce kn
knf
fbab
abjc
jcs
sb gcrcj pcfc lmetceo smsucb crc` orbf fce fmeoce fctc pmrmeicecce
fchc
fchck
k gmef
gmefmh
mhc
c Fm
Fmab
abem
em Or
Orbf
bf Yy
Yyst
stmk
mk Fctc
Fctc smpm
smpmrt
rtbb pcfc
pcfc oc
ocklc
klcrr fb
fblc
lcwc
wc`
` be
beb.
b.

Fbchno Lnx Fmabem Orbf Yystmks Fctc

▧ Fbsphcy Orbf cs ; Ypcibeo

▧ Tcstbj
Tcstbjce
ce fct
fctc
c fbbepu
fbbeputt smsucb
smsucb fme
fmeoce
oce ]eb
]ebts!
ts!
▧ Jhbj ‘
 ‘NJ
NJ‛‛
▧ Kcjc
Kcjc cjce
cjce kueiu
kueiuhh hmklc
hmklcrr jmrgc
jmrgc smpm
smpmrt
rtbb pcfc
pcfc oc
ocklc
klcrr fb
fblc
lcwc
wc`
`

Ocklcrr Vckpbhce
Ocklc Vckpbhce Tmrknfmhce
Tmrknfmhce Ytrujt
Ytrujtur
ur pcfc Hmklcr
Hmklcr Jmrgc
Jmrgc
 TN\VCH A\CKM <F 0?

FMABEM KCVM\BCH

▧ Jhbj Fm
Fmabem
abem Kmeu
Kmeu 5 Kctmrbchs
▧ Tb
Tbhb
hb`
` kctmr
kctmrbc
bchh 6444
6444 Ts
Tsbb (l
(lmt
mtne
ne))
▧ Jhbj Cf
 Cfff Inp y na Kctmrb
Kct mrb ch

Fbchno Lnx Fmabem Kctmrbch

Jmku
Jmkufb
fbce
ce bepu
beputt fc
fctc
tc sm
smsu
sucb
cb fm
fmeo
eoce
ce fc
fctc
tc pm
pmrm
rmei
eic
cec
ecce
ce fc
fchc
hck
k gm
gmef
efmh
mhc
c Kctm
Kctmrb
rbch
ch Trnp
Trnpmr
mrty
ty Fctc
Fctc
smpm
smpmrt
rtbb pcfc
pcfc ocklc
ocklcrr fblc
fblcwc
wc`
` beb.
beb.

▧ Lmrb Eckc Kctmrbch

Kctmrbch smsucb
smsucb fmeoc
fmeoce
e
rmeicec
▧ Fbsphcy Inhnr fbtmetujce
fbtmetujce nhm` usmr
(nptbnech)
▧ Lmrct pmr vnhukm
vnhukm lmtne ; <64
<644 jo/k9
4 jo/k

▧ Knfuhus
Knfuhus Mhcstbsbtcs Lmtne, Mi ; 6?44   ‼
Mhcstbsbtcs Lmtne,
▧  a‒i ; 94 Kpc (E/kk<)
(E/kk

Tcstbjce
Tcstbjce fc
fctc
tc fbbeput sms
smsucb
ucb fmeoc
fmeoce
e
]ebts!

Fbchno Lnx Fmabem Kctmrbch

 TN\VCH A\CKM <F 00

FMABEM YMIVBNE T\NTM\VBMY

▧ Jhbj Fm
Fmabem
abem Kmeu
Kmeu 5 Ymitbne
Ymitbne Trnpmrtbms
Trnpmrtbms 5 Arc
Arckm
km Ymitbnes
Ymitbnes
▧ Jhbj Cf
 Cfff Emw Trn pmr ty

Fbchno Lnx Arckm Trnpmrtbms

▧ Tbhb`
Tbhb` Arckm Ymi
Ymitbne
tbne Trnpmrty
Trnpmrty Vypm
Vypm kmegcfb Ineirm
Ineirmtm
tm
▧ Jhb
Jhbj
j pmeckpc
pmeckpceo
eo \mitce
\mitceouh
ouhcr 
cr 

Fbchno Lnx Cff Arckm Ymitbne Trnpmrty

 TN\VCH A\CKM <F 02

FMABEM YMIVBNE T\NTM\VBMY

▧ Lmrbb Eckc Tmeckp

Lmr Tmeckpceo
ceo sms
smsucb
ucb fme
fmeoce
oce rmeice
rmeicec
c
▧ Fbsphcy Inhnr fbtmetujce nhm` usmr (nptbnech)
▧ Fmpt` ; tbeoob
tbeoob pmeckpceo
pmeckpceo
▧ _bft` ; hmlcr
hmlcr pmeckp
pmeckpceo
ceo
▧ Tbhb`
Tbhb` Kctmrbch a‒i 94
Kctmrbch
▧ Jhbj Ineirm
Ineirmtm
tm \mbeanr
\mbeanrimkmet
imkmet

Fbchno Lnx Arckm Trnpmrtbms

Fbchno Lnx \mbeanrimkmet Fctc

▧ ]etuj
]etuj Lchnj
Lchnj pbhb`
pbhb` Fms
Fmsboe
boe Vypm
Vypm kmegcfb
kmegcfb Lmc
Lmck
k (K9 Fmsboe
Fmsboe Nehy)
Nehy)
▧ ]etuj Jnhnk
Jnhnk pbhb`
pbhb` Fmsboe
Fmsboe Vypm
Vypm kmegcfb
kmegcfb Inhuke (T-K<-K9
(T-K<-K9 Fmsboe)
Fmsboe)
▧

Jh
Jhbj
bj NJ
 TN\VCH A\CKM <F 24

FMABEM HNCF TCVVM\E

▧ Jhbj Fmabem Kmeu 5 Hncf Tcttmres

▧ Tcfc Hncf Tcttm
Tcttmre
re Eckm
Eckm lm
lmrbjce
rbjce eckc smsucb pcfc lmlce yceo
yceo fbrme
fbrmeicecjc
icecjce
e
▧ Vypm
Vypm smsuc
smsucbjce
bjce fmeoce
fmeoce tbp
tbpm
m fcrb
fcrb lmlce
lmlce yc
yceo
eo fbrm
fbrmeic
eicecjc
ecjce
e
▧

Jhbj Cf
 Cfff Emw Hncf
H ncf Tctt mre
▧ ]h
]hce
ceob
ob hceo
hceojc`
jc` fbct
fbctcs
cs uetu
uetujj smtb
smtbcp
cp gmeb
gmebs
s lmlc
lmlce
e
▧ Jhbj ‘
 ‘NJ
NJ‛‛

Fbchno Lnx Fmabem Hncf Tcttmres

 TN\VCH A\CKM <F 23

FMABEM HNCF TCVVM\E

▧ Jhbj Fmabem 5 Hncf Inklbectbnes

▧ Jhbj Cf
 Cfff Emw Inkl
In kl n
▧ Vypm
Vypm smsuc
smsucbjce
bjce fmeoce
fmeoce tbp
tbpm
m fcrb
fcrb lmlce
lmlce yc
yceo
eo fbrm
fbrmeic
eicecjc
ecjce
e
▧ Jhbj Cf
 Cfff Emw Hncf
H ncf Tctt mre

Fbchno Lnx Fmabem Hncf Tcttmres

▧ Lmrbjc
Lmrbjce
e eckc Jnkl
Jnklbec
becsb
sb Tmk
Tmklml
lmlcece6 sms
cece smsucb
ucb fme
fmeoce
oce pmrmei
pmrmeicec
cecce.
ce.
▧ Tbhb` Hncf Icsm yceo fbrmeicecjce
▧ Beput
Beput fctc Yichm
Yichm Acjtnr
Acjtnr lmrfcs
lmrfcscr
cr ebhcb
ebhcb acjtnr
acjtnr fcrb
fcrb pmrctu
pmrcturce
rce** yceo lmrhcju
lmrhcju
▧ Jhbj Cf
 Cfff
▧ Jhbj NJ
▧ ]hceob
]hceob hce
hceojc`
ojc` fbctcs
fbctcs pcfc
pcfc smtb
smtbcp
cp jnklbec
jnklbecsb
sb pmklmlc
pmklmlcece
ece

Fbchno Lnx Hncf Inklbectbne Fctc

6Jnk
Jnklbe
lbecsb
csb Tmklml
Tmklmlcece
cece fcp
fcpct
ct fbhb`ct pcfc YEB 3?<?7 <439
fbhb`ct
 TN\VCH A\CKM <F 2<

CYYBOE HNCF

9=44

9=44

9=44

6444
z
x
1444 =444 1444

Ocklcr Tmrknfmhce
Tmrknfmhce Tnrtch <F

Fmabeb
Fmabebsb
sb Tmklmlc
Tmklmlcece
ece pcf
pcfc
c pmr
pmrknfm
knfmhce
hce stuf
stufbb jcsus
jcsus <
Lmlce Kctb
Jnkpn
nkpnem
eme
e Ytr
truj
ujtu
turr ; lm
lmlc
lce
e fc
fcrb
rb lm
lmrc
rctt sm
sme
efbrb
fbrb jn
jnhhnk fc
fce
e lc
lchn
hnj
j (Tnr
(Tnrtc
tchh).
Lml
mlce
ce tb
tbtb
tbj
j 21
214
4 jo ; lm
lmlc
lce
e yce
ceo
o tm
tmrg
rgc
cfb pcf
cfc
c sm
smtb
tbcp
cp gn
gnbbet sm
smlc
lco
ocb lml
mlce
ce lc
lchn
hnj
j
fcrb crc`
crc` kmhbet
kmhbetceo
ceo..
Lmlce Kmrctc ; lmlce yceo tmrgcfb pcfc smpcegceo lchnj yceo lmrcsch fcrb
pmhct
pmhct hcetcb
hcetcb..

Lmlce @bfup
Lmlce Kmrctc ; lmlce yceo tmrgcfb pcfc smpcegceo lchnj yceo lmrcsch fcrb
lmlce
lmlce aueosb
aueosb strujtu
strujtur.
r.
Lmlce Ceobe
(+) 914 jo ; lmlce c
ce
eobe fc
fctceo
(-) 314 jo ; lmlce c
ce
eobe pm
pmrob
 TN\VCH A\CKM <F 29

CYYBOE HNCF

9=44

9=44

9=44

6444
z
x
1444 =444 1444
Ocklcr Lmlce
Lmlce Vmr
Vmrpuscr
puscr Tcfc Yt
Ytrujtur
rujtur Tnrtch <F
<F

Lmlce Vmrpusct
▧ Jhbj Cs
 Cssb
sb oe 5 Gnbet Hncf 5 Anrims
▧ Tbhb` Hncf Tcttmre FMCF
▧ Innrfbectm Yystmk ; Ohnlch
▧ Beput
Beput ebhcb
ebhcb ocyc
ocyc pcfc
pcfc Yuklu
Yuklu Ohn
Ohnlch
lch W ; -214
-214 jo
▧ Tbh
Tbhb`
b` kmklmr
kmklmr y
yceo
ceo cjce
cjce fbl
fblmrb
mrb lmlce
lmlce
▧ Jhbj ‘ Cpph
 Cp ph y ‛
▧ Jhbj ‘
 ‘NJ
NJ‛‛

Ocklcr Tmklmr
Tmklmrbce
bce Lmlce Vmrp
Vmrpusct
usct Tcfc Y
Ytrujtu
trujturr Tnrtc
Tnrtchh <F
 TN\VCH A\CKM <F 26

CYYBOE HNCF

Lmlce Kmrctc
▧ Jhbj Css bo e 5 Arckm Hncf 5 Fbstrblutmf
▧ Tbhb` Hncf Tcttmre FMCF
▧ Innrfbectm Yystmk ; Ohnlch
▧ Hncf Fbrmitbne ; Orcvbty
▧ Beput
Beput ebhcb
ebhcb smsucb
smsucb fme
fmeoce
oce lml
lmlce
ce rmeice
rmeicec.
c.
▧ Tb
Tbhb`
hb` kmklmr
kmklmr yceo
yceo cjce
cjce fbl
fblmrb
mrb lmlce
lmlce
▧ Jhbj ‘ Cpph
 Cp ph y ‛
▧ Jhbj ‘
 ‘NJ
NJ‛‛

Ocklcr Lmlce V
Vmrfbstr
mrfbstrblusb
blusb Kmrct
Kmrctc
c Tcfc T
Tmrknfm
mrknfmhce
hce Tnrtch <F
<F
 TN\VCH A\CKM <F 2=

CYYBOE HNCF

Lmlce Kmrctc
▧ Jhbj Cs sb oe 5 Arckm Hncf 5 Fbstrblutmf
 Cssb
▧ Tbhb` Hncf Tcttmre Hbvm Hncf
▧ Innrfbectm Yystmk ; Ohnlch
▧ Hncf Fbrmitbne ; Orcvbty
▧ Beput
Beput ebhcb
ebhcb sms
smsucb
ucb fme
fmeoce
oce lml
lmlce
ce rmeice
rmeicec.
c.
▧ Tbh
Tbhb`
b` kmklmr
kmklmr yceo
yceo cjce fblmrb
fblmrb lml
lmlce
ce
▧ Jhbj ‘ Cpph
 Cp ph y ‛
▧ Jhbj ‘
 ‘NJ
NJ‛‛

Ocklcr Lmlce V
Vmrfbstr
mrfbstrblusb
blusb Kmrct
Kmrctc
c Tcfc T
Tmrknfmh
mrknfmhce
ce Tnrtch <F
 TN\VCH A\CKM <F 21

CYYBOE HNCF

» _f » _p

_f _p

_f _p

_f _p

z
x
Ocklcr Lmlce Ceobe Lmjmrg
Lmjmrgc
c Tcfc Tmrknf
Tmrknfmhce
mhce Tnrtch
Tnrtch <F

Lmlce Vmrpusct

▧
Jhbj Cs
 Cssb
sb oe 5 Gnbet Hncf 5 Anrims
▧ Tbhb` Hncf Tcttmre _bef Hncf
▧ Innrfbectm Yystmk ; Ohnlch
▧ Beput
Beput ebhcb
ebhcb lmlce
lmlce ceobe
ceobe fctceo
fctceo pcfc
pcfc Yukl
Yuklu
u Ohnlch
Ohnlch P
▧ Tbh
Tbhb`
b` gnbet
gnbet yceo
yceo c
cjce
jce fbl
fblmrb
mrb lml
lmlce
ce
▧ Jhbj ‘ Cpph
 Cp ph y ‛
▧ ]h
]hce
ceob
ob hceo
hceojc`
jc` fbct
fbctcs
cs uetu
uetuj
j lmlc
lmlce
e pmro
pmrobb
▧ Jhbj ‘
 ‘NJ
NJ‛‛

Ocklcr Lmlce
Lmlce V
Vmrfbstr
mrfbstrblusb
blusb Kmrc
Kmrctc
tc Tcfc T
Tmrknfmh
mrknfmhce
ce Tnrtch
Tnrtch <F
 TN\VCH A\CKM <F 2?

\ ] E C E C HR Y B Y

▧ Jhbj Ce
 Cechy
chy zm Kme u 5 Ymt
Ymt Cechysbs Nptbne s
▧ Tbh
Tbhb`
b` Acst
Acst FNAs ; PW
PW Thcem
Thcem (jcs
(jcsus
us pmrknfm
pmrknfmhce
hce cfc
cfchc`
hc` <F)
▧ Jh
Jhbj
bj NJ

Fbchno Lnx Cssboe Arckm Tnbet Hncfs

▧ Jhbj Cech
Cechyz
yzm
m 5 \ue Cechy
Cechysbs,
sbs, ctcu
ctcu fmeoce
fmeoce s`nrtiut
s`nrtiut jhbj
jhbj A= pcfc
pcfc jmylncrf
jmylncrf
▧ Tcfc
Tcfc jcsus KNFCH,
KNFCH, tb
tbfcj
fcj pmr
pmrhu
hu fb Cec
Cechbs
hbsc
c sm`b
sm`beoo
eooc
c jhbj
jhbj KNFCH
KNFCH pcfc
pcfc tclmh
tclmh
▧ Jhbj \ue/F
\ue/Fn
n Ent \ue Icsm
Icsm
▧ Jhb
Jhbj
j \ue Enw

Fbchno Lnx Ymt Hncf Icsms tn \ue

 TN\VCH A\CKM <F 20

YV]FR ICYM 9 <F V\]YY

z
4.<= k
x
4.= k

3.4 k

3k 3k 3k 3k 3k 3k

1k
Bean Mhmkme

Kctmrbch 7 H =4.=4H.1 : LG 9?
Jnklbecsb
Jnklbecsb Tmklmlcece
Tmklmlcece
Tmklmlcece
▧ 3.6 F
FH 7 - Jn
Jnkpneme Ytrujtur  
▧ 3.< F + 3.1 H
- Ytrujtu
Ytrujturr Tmeutu
Tmeutup
p Ctcp
Ctcp ; =4 jo/k
▧ 3.< F + 3.4 _ + H
- =4 jo
jo
▧ 4.2 F + 3.4 _
Hr 7 144 jo
_H ctcp 7 - tmjce ((+
+) 9=4 jo
- `bsc
`bscp
p (-) 3=4
3=4 jo
jo

Trnsms
Trnsms cechb
cechbsbs
sbs fce fmscb
fmscbe
e strujtu
strujturr fchck
fchck YCT<4
YCT<444
44 cfchc`
cfchc` smlcoc
smlcocbb lmrbju
lmrbjut7
t7
3. Ir
Irmc
mctm
tm Trn
Trngm
gmit
it Abhm
Abhm..
<. Fmab
Fmabem
em Kctm
Kctmrb
rbch
ch..
9. Fmab
Fmabem
em Ymi
Ymitb
tbne
ne T
Trn
rnpm
pmrt
rtbm
bms.
s.
6. Frc
rcw
w Knfmh.
=. Cs
Cssb
sboe
oe Knk
Knkme
mett \mhm
\mhmcs
csm
m
1. Css
ssbboe Yup
uppn
pnrt
rt..
?. Fmab
Fmabem
em Hn
Hncf
cf Tc
Tctt
ttmr
mre.
e.
0. Fmab
Fmabem
em Hncf
Hncf Inklb
Inklbec
ectb
tbne
ne..
2. Cssboe Hn
Hncf.
34. \ue Cech
Cechys
ysbs.
bs.
33. I`mij
I`mij \msu
\msuhts
hts..
 <F V\]YY 22

YV]FR ICYM 9 <F V\]YY

- Jhbj Abhm Kmeu 5 Emw Knfmh,

Knfmh , c
ctcu
tcu tmjce Itrh + E.
tmjce E. Kcjc cjce
cjce jmhu
jmhucr
cr tc
tckp
kpbh
bhce
ce
smpmrt
smp mrtbb ocklcr
ocklcr fblcwc
fblcwc`
` beb
beb..
- Vmetujce ]ebt yceo cjce fbouecjce
- Tbhb` Vmkphctm ‘lhcej‛
- Ymh
mhce
cegu
gute
tey
yc jh
jhbj
bj jc
jce
ece pcf
cfc c hm
hmklcr
klcr jm
jmrrgc 5 jhb
jhbj
j mfbt
mfbt or
orbf
bf fc
fctc
tc 5 Tbh
Tbh`
` knf
knfba
bay
y5
smhceg
smhcegute
uteyc
yc kcsujjc
kcsujjce e ebh
ebhcb
cb smsucb
smsucb fmeoce
fmeoce yceo
yceo fblu
fblutu`
tu`jce
jce..

Fbchno Lnx Emw Knfmh

Fbchno Lnx Innrfbectm/rbf Yystmk

 <F V\]YY 344

YV]FR ICYM 9 <F V\]YY

Fbchno Lnx Fmabem Orbf Yystmk Fctc

 <F V\]YY 343

FMABEM KCVM\BCH

▧ Jhbj Fm
Fmabem
abem Kmeu
Kmeu 5 Kctmrbchs
▧ Jhbj Cf
 Cfff Emw Kctmr bch

Fbchno Lnx Fmabem Kctmrbch Fbchno Lnx Cff Kctmrbch Trnpmrty

▧ Tb
Tbhb
hb`
` Kc
Kctm
tmrb
rbch
ch Vypm
Vypm Yt
Ytmm
mmhh pcfc
pcfc fbch
fbchno
no lnx
lnx Cf
Cff
f Kc
Kctm
tmrb
rbch
ch Tr
Trnp
npmr
mrty
ty
▧ Jhbj NJ
▧ Jm
Jmkuf
kufbc
bce
e jh
jhbj
bj Knfb
Knfbay
ay Kc
Kctm
tmrb
rbch
ch Yt
Ytmm
mmhh
▧ Bepu
Beputt fctc
fctc kct
kctmrb
mrbch
ch lcgc
lcgc fchc
fchck
k Kc
Kctm
tmrb
rbch
ch Tr
Trnp
npmr
mrty
ty Fctc
Fctc
▧ Jhbj NJ

Fbchno Lnx Fmabem Kctmrbch

 <F V\]YY 34<

FMABEM YMIVBNE T\NTM\VBMY

▧ Jhbj Fm
Fmabem
abem Kmeu
Kmeu 5 Ymitbne
Ymitbne Trnpmrtbms
Trnpmrtbms 5 Arc
Arckm
km Ymitbnes
Ymitbnes
▧  Cff Emw Trnp mrty
Jhbj Cff
Jhbj mrt y

Fbchno Lnx Arckm Trnpmrtbms

▧ Tbhb`
Tbhb` Arckm Ym
Ymitbne
itbne Trnpmrt
Trnpmrty
y Vypm kmegcfb
kmegcfb Ytmmh
▧ Jhbj pmeckpc
pmeckpceo
eo Ceohm
Ceohm Ymitbne
Ymitbne

Fbchno Lnx Cff Arckm Ymitbne Trnpmrty

 <F V\]YY 349

FMABEM YMIVBNE T\NTM\VBMY

▧ Beput fctc kctmrbch fmeoce fctc pmrmeicecce pcfc fbchno lnx Ytmmh Ceohm Ymitbne
Ymitbne
▧ Jhbj NJ

Fbchno Lnx Ytmmh Ceohm Ymitbne

 <F V\]YY 346

F\C_ MHMKMEV

▧ Jhbj Frcw 5 Frcw Arckm/Iclhm/Vmefne

Arckm/Iclhm/Vmefne ctcu jhbj bjne pcfc tnnhlcr
tnnhlcr smlmhc`
smlmhc` jbrb
▧ Tcstbj
Tcstbjce
ce kmeo
kmeoockl
ocklcr
cr pcfc
pcfc lbfceo
lbfceo P-W

Subij Frcw Kmeu

Frcw Kmeu

▧ Hbem Nlgmit Vypm lmrupc

lmrupc lctce
lctceo
o hurus (Ytrcbo`t
(Ytrcbo`t Arckm)
▧ Tbh
Tbhb`
b` Ymitbn
Ymitbne
e smsucb
smsucb pmeckpc
pmeckpceo
eo yc
yceo
eo cjce Fbocklc
Fbocklcr 
r 
▧ Ocklcrjce
Ocklcrjce lctceo
lctceo pcfc orbf yceo
yceo ttmhc`
mhc` fbfmscbe
fbfmscbe

Fbchno Lnx Ytmmh Ceohm Ymitbne

 <F V\]YY 34=

CYYBOE MHMKMEV

▧ Ymhmit
Ymhmit smhuru`
smhuru` kmklmr truss
truss
▧ Jhbj Cs sb oe Kmeu 5 Arckm 5 \mhmc
 Cssb \mhmcsm/
sm/ Tcrtb
Tcrtb ch Abxbt y
▧ Imetce
Imetceo
o pcf
pcfc
c jntcj
jntcj rmhmcs
rmhmcsm
m uetu
uetuj
j knkme (Knkme
(Knkme Kbenr
Kbenr fce
fce Knkme
Knkme Kcgnr)
Kcgnr)
▧

Jhbj Cp
 Cpph
ph y
▧ Jhbj NJ

Fbchno Lnx Cssboe Arckm \mhmcsms cef Tcrtbch Abxbty

Ocklcrr Tmrknfmhce
Ocklc Tmrknfmhce smtmhc`
smtmhc` fblmrbjce
fblmrbjce Knkmet
Knkmet \mhmcsm
\mhmcsm
 <F V\]YY 341

CYYBOE Y]TTN\V

▧ Jhbj Cs
 Cssb
sb oe 5 Gnbet 5 \mstrcbets
▧ Tb
Tbhb
hb`
` gm
gmeb
ebs
s tukpu
tukpuce
ce pbeemf
▧ Ymhmit gnbet yceo cjce fbgcfbjce tukpuce
▧

Jhbj Cp
 Cpph
ph y
▧ ]h
]hce
ceob
ob hceo
hceojc`
jc` fbct
fbctcs
cs uetu
uetuj
j tu
tukpu
kpuce
ce rn
rnhh
hh
▧ Jhbj Cp
 Cpph
ph y
▧ Jhbj NJ

Fbchno Lnx Cssboe Gnbet \mstrcbes

Ocklcr pmrknf
pmrknfmhce
mhce Tnrtch <F f
fmeoce
meoce tukpuc
tukpuce
e smefb-rnhh
smefb-rnhh
 <F V\]YY 34?

F M A B E M H N C F TCV V M \ E

▧ Jhbj Fmabem Kmeu 5 Hncf Tcttmres

▧ Tcfc Hncf Tctt
Tcttmre
mre Eckm
Eckm lmrbjce
lmrbjce eckc smsucb pcfc lmlce yceo
yceo fbrme
fbrmeicecjce
icecjce
▧ Vypm
Vypm smsu
smsucbj
cbjce
ce fme
fmeoce
oce tbp
tbpm
m fcrb
fcrb lmlce
lmlce yceo
yceo fbrm
fbrmeic
eicecjc
ecjce
e
▧
Jhbj Cf
 Cfff Emw Hncf
H ncf Tctt mre
▧ ]h
]hce
ceob
ob hceo
hceojc
jc`
` fbct
fbctcs
cs uetu
uetujj smtb
smtbcp
cp gmeb
gmebs
s lmlc
lmlce
e
▧ Jhbj ‘
 ‘NJ
NJ‛‛

Fbchno Lnx Fmabem Hncf Tcttmres

 <F V\]YY 340

FMABEM HNCF INKLBECVBNE

▧ Jhbj Fmabem 5 Hncf Inklbectbnes

▧ Jhbj Cf
 Cfff Emw Inkl
In kl n
▧ Vypm
Vypm smsu
smsucbj
cbjce
ce fme
fmeoce
oce tbp
tbpm
m fcrb
fcrb lmlce
lmlce yceo
yceo fbrm
fbrmeic
eicecjc
ecjce
e
▧

Jhbj Cf
 Cfff Emw Hncf
H ncf Tctt mre

Fbchno Lnx Fmabem Hncf Tcttmres

▧
Lmrbjce
Lmrbjce eckc Jnk
Jnklbe
lbecsb
csb Tmklml
Tmklmlcece6 sms
cece smsucb
ucb fme
fmeoce
oce pmrmei
pmrmeicec
cecce.
ce.
▧ Tbhb` Hncf Icsm yceo fbrmeicecjce
▧ Beput
Beput fctc
fctc Yich
Yichm
m Acjtnr lmrfcsc
lmrfcscrr ebhcb
ebhcb acjt
acjtnr
nr fcrb
fcrb pmrctu
pmrcturce*
rce* yceo
yceo lmrhcju
lmrhcju
▧ Jhbj Cf
 Cfff
▧ Jhbj NJ
▧ ]hceob
]hceob hceojc
hceojc`
` fbctcs
fbctcs pcfc
pcfc smtb
smtbcp
cp jnklbecs
jnklbecsbb pmkl
pmklmlc
mlcece
ece

Fbchno Lnx Hncf Inklbectbne Fctc

6
Jnklbecsb Tmklml
Tmklmlcece
cece fcpct fbhb`ct pcfc YEB 3
3?<?7
?<?7 <439
 <F V\]YY 342

CYYBOE HNCF

z
4.<= k
x
4.= k

3.4 k

3k 3k 3k 3k 3k 3k

1k

Ocklcr Tmklml
Tmklmlcece
cece pcfc Tmrkn
Tmrknfmhce
fmhce \ceojc Ctcp

Fmabeb
Fmabebsb
sb Tmk
Tmklml
lmlcec
cece
e pcfc
pcfc pmr
pmrknfm
knfmhce
hce stufb
stufb jcsus
jcsus 9
FH 7 Ymhawmbo`t
7 3=4 jo
7 =4 jo
Hr 7 144 jo
_H 7 Ceobe
Ceobe tmjc
tmjce
e (+) 9=4 jo
7 Ceob
Ceobe
e `bscp
`bscp (-) 3=4 jo

Jnklbecsb
Jnklbecsb Tmklmlcece
Tmklmlcece
▧ 3.6 F
▧ 3.< F + 3.1 H
▧ 3.< F + 3.4 _ + H
▧ 4.2 F + 3.4 _
 <F V\]YY 334

CYYBOE HNCF

<T
T T
z

x
T T

»T »T

Ocklcr Lmlce
Lmlce K
Kctb
ctb pcfc Tmrk
Tmrknfmhce
nfmhce \ceojc Ctcp

FH 7 Ymhawmbo`t

7 T ; 3=4 jo
7 =4 jo

Lmlce Vmrpusct
▧ Jhbj Cs
 Cssb
sb oe 5 Gnbet Hncf 5 Anrims
▧ Tbhb` Hncf Tcttmre FMCF
▧ Innrfbectm Yystmk ; Ohnlch
▧ Beput
Beput ebhcb
ebhcb ocyc
ocyc pcfc
pcfc Yuklu
Yuklu Ohn
Ohnlch
lch W s
smsu
msucb
cb fme
fmeoce
oce ebh
ebhcb
cb lmlce.
lmlce.
▧ Tb
Tbhb`
hb` gnbet
gnbet yceo
yceo c
cjce
jce fbl
fblmrb
mrb lml
lmlce
ce
▧ Jhbj ‘ Cpph
 Cp ph y ‛
▧ ]h
]hce
ceob
ob hc
hceo
eojc`
jc` fbct
fbctcs
cs pcfc
pcfc ebhc
ebhcbb lmlc
lmlce
e hcbe
hcbe..
▧ Jhbj ‘
 ‘NJ
NJ‛‛

Ocklcr Lmlce
Lmlce Kc
Kctb
tb pcfc Tmrkn
Tmrknfmhce
fmhce \ceojc Ctcp
 <F V\]YY 333

CYYBOE HNCF

<T
T T
z

x T T

»T »T

Ocklcr Lmlce @bfup Ctcp pcfc Tmrknf

Tmrknfmhce
mhce \ceojc Ctcp

Hr  7 144 jo

Lmlce Vmrpusct
▧ Jhbj Cs
 Cssb
sb oe 5 Gnbet Hncf 5 Anrims
▧ Tbhb` Hncf Tcttmre Hbvm Hncf
▧ Innrfbectm Yystmk ; Ohnlch
▧ Beput
Beput ebhcb
ebhcb ocyc
ocyc pcfc
pcfc Yuklu
Yuklu Ohn
Ohnlch
lch W sm
smsuc
sucbb fmeoce
fmeoce ebh
ebhcb
cb lmlce.
lmlce.
▧ Tbh
Tbhb`
b` gnbet
gnbet yceo
yceo c
cjce
jce fbl
fblmrb
mrb lml
lmlce
ce
▧ Jhbj ‘ Cpph
 Cp ph y ‛
▧ ]hce
]hceob
ob hceo
hceojc`
jc` fbct
fbctcs
cs pcfc
pcfc ebhc
ebhcbb lmlc
lmlce
e hcbe
hcbe..
▧ Jhbj ‘
 ‘NJ
NJ‛‛

Ocklcr Lmlce @bfup Ctcp pcfc Tmrknf

Tmrknfmhce
mhce \ceojc Ctcp
 <F V\]YY 33<

CYYBOE HNCF

T
z T

x
T T
T

»T

»T

Ocklcr Lmlce @bfup Ctcp pcfc Tmrkn

Tmrknfmhce
fmhce \ceojc Ctcp

_H 7C
Ceob
eobe
e tmjce
tmjce (+) 9=4 jo
7C
Ceob
eobe
e `bscp
`bscp (-) 3=4 jo

Lmlce Vmrpusct
▧ Jhbj Cs
 Cssb
sb oe 5 Arckm Hncf 5 Tnbet
▧ Tbhb` Hncf Tcttmre _bef Hncf
▧ Innrfbectm Yystmk ; Hnich
▧ Beput
Beput ebhcb
ebhcb ocyc
ocyc pcfc
pcfc Yuklu
Yuklu Hni
Hnich
ch < smsucb
smsucb fme
fmeoce
oce ebh
ebhcb
cb lmlce.
lmlce.
▧ Tb
Tbhb`
hb` gnbet
gnbet yceo
yceo c
cjce
jce fbl
fblmrb
mrb lml
lmlce
ce
▧ Jhbj ‘ Cpph
 Cp ph y ‛
▧ ]h
]hce
ceob
ob hceo
hceojc`
jc` fbct
fbctcs
cs pcfc
pcfc ebhc
ebhcbb lmlc
lmlce
e hcbe
hcbe..
▧ Jhbj ‘
 ‘NJ
NJ‛‛

Ocklcr Lmlce @bfup Ctcp pcfc Tmrknf

Tmrknfmhce
mhce \ceojc Ctcp
 <F V\]YY 339

\ ] E C E C HR Y B Y

▧ Jhbj Ce
 Cechy
chy zm Kme u 5 Ymt
Ymt Cechysbs Nptbne s
▧ Tbh
Tbhb`
b` Acst
Acst FNAs ; PW
PW Thcem
Thcem (jcs
(jcsus
us pmrknfm
pmrknfmhce
hce cfc
cfchc`
hc` <F)
▧ Jh
Jhbj
bj NJ

▧ Jhbj Cech
Cechyz
yzm
m 5 \ue Cechy
Cechysbs,
sbs, ctcu
ctcu fmeoce
fmeoce s`nrtiut
s`nrtiut jhbj
jhbj A= pcfc
pcfc jmylncrf
jmylncrf
▧ Tcfc
Tcfc jcsus KNFCH,
KNFCH, tb
tbfcj
fcj pmr
pmrhu
hu fb Cec
Cechbs
hbsc
c sm`b
sm`beoo
eooc
c jhbj
jhbj KNFCH
KNFCH pcfc
pcfc tclmh
tclmh
▧ Jhbj \ue/F
\ue/Fn
n Ent \ue Icsm
Icsm
▧ Jhb
Jhbj
j \ue Enw
 <F V\]YY 336

YV]FR ICYM 6 9F A\CKM

Fmec` Ht.3-H
Ht.3-Ht.6
t.6 Vbpbjch

  k
   =

  k
   9
  k
   0
   3
  k
   =

  k
   =

9k 6k 6k 6k 1k 6k 6k 6k 9k

91 k

Fmec`
Fmec` Ctc
Ctcp
p

  k
   =

  k
   9
  k
   0
   3
  k
   =

  k
   =

91 k

  k Vckpcj
Vckpcj Fmp
Fmpce
ce
   =
 .
   <
  k
   =
 .
   9

  k
   =
 .
   9

  k
   =
 .
   9

  k
   =
 .
   9

  k
   =
 .
   9
 9F A\CKM 33=

YV]FR ICYM 6 9F A\CKM

Bean Knfmh
Gmebs strujtur 7 Lmtne Lmrtuhceo
Au
Aue
eos
osbb Lceou
ceouec
ece
e 7 \ukc
\ukc`
` Yus
usue
ue
Vukpuce 7 Gmpbt
Gukhc` Vbeojct 7 = tbeojct

Kutu Kctmrbc
Kctmrbchh
Lmtne (Ai‒) 7 94 KTc
Lcgc
Lcgc tuh
tuhce
ceoc
oce
e (A
(Ay
y) 7 924
924 Kpc (ð ≭ 3<kk)
Kpc (ð
<64 KTc (ð 8 3<kk)

Bean Tm
Tmeckpceo
eckpceo
7 Jnhnk =44x=44
7 Lch
Lchnj
nj Bef
Befuj
uj 944x14
944x144
4

7 Fbe
Fbefbe
fbeo
o Oms
Omsmr
mr t;<44
t;<44
Tm
Tmhc
hctt Lm
Lmtn
tne
e 7 344 kk (ct
(ctcp
cp))
3<4 kk (hcetcb)
3=4 kk (tceooc)

Tmklmlcece
FH 7 - Jn
Jnkpneme Ytrujtur  
- Tm
Tmeu
eutu
tup
p hcet
hcetcb jo/k<
cb ; =4 jo/k
- Th
Thcanef ; 34 jo/k<
H 7 =44 jo/k<
M 7 Ytctbs Mjbvchme

Trnsms
Trnsms cechb
cechbsbs
sbs fce fmscb
fmscbe
e strujtur
strujtur fchck
fchck YCT<4
YCT<444
44 cfchc`
cfchc` smlcocb
smlcocb lmrbjut
lmrbjut77
3. Irmc
Irmctm
tm Trng
Trngmi
mitt A
Abh
bhm.
m. 2. Fmabem Hncf Tcttmre.
<. Knfb
Knfbay
ay Knfm
Knfmhh. 34. Fmabem Hncf Inklbectbne.
9. Frcw Knfmh. 33. Cssboe Hncf.
6. Fmab
Fmabem
em Kctm
Kctmrb
rbch
ch.. 3<. \ue Cechysbs.
=. Fmab
Fmabem
em Ymi
Ymitb
tbne
ne Trnp
Trnpmr
mrtb
tbms
ms.. 39. Cssboe Sucjm Hncf.
1. Css
ssbboe Mhmkme
mkmet.
t. 36. \ue Cechysbs.
?. Css
ssbboe Yu
Yupp
ppnr
nrt.
t. 3=. I`mij \msuhts.
0. Cssb
sbo
oe O
Orrnup
 9F A\CKM 331

I\MCVM T\NGMIV ABHM

▧ Jhbj Ab hm
hm Kmeu 5 Emw Knf
nfmmh , ctcu tmjce Itrh + E. Kcjc cjce jmhucr tckpbhce smpmrtb
ocklcr
ocklcr fbl
fblcw
cwc`
c` beb.
beb.

Fbchno Lnx Emw Knfmh

▧ Vmetu
Vmetujce
jce ]ebt
]ebt yceo
ceo cjce
cjce fbou
fbouec
ecjce
jce
▧ Tbh
Tbhb` Vmkphctm ‘9F Arckm‛
b` Vmkphctm
▧ Tb
Tbhb
hb`
` 9F Ar
Arck
ckm
m Vy
Vypm
pm ; Npme
Npme Ar
Arck
ckm
m Lu
Lubh
bhfb
fbeo
eo
▧ Imet
Imetce
ceo
o pcfc
pcfc jnt
jntcj
cj ]sm
]sm Iu
Iust
stnk
nk Or
Orbf
bf Yp
Ypci
cibe
beo
o ce
cef
f Hn
Hnic
ictm
tm Nrbob
Nrbobe*
e*
▧ Jh
Jhbj
bj Mf
Mfbt
bt Orbf
Orbf

Fbchno Lnx 9F Arckm

 9F A\CKM 33?

I\MCVM T\NGMIV ABHM

Jmkufbc
Jmkufbce
e knfbabjc
knfbabjcsb
sb gcrcj
gcrcj pcfc
pcfc lmetce
lmetceo
o sms
smsucb
ucb crc
crc`
` orb
orbf
f fce fmeoc
fmeoce
e fctc
fctc pmrmei
pmrmeicec
cecce
ce
fchck
fchck gmefmh
gmefmhc
c Fmabem
Fmabem Orbf
Orbf Yystm
Yystmk
k Fctc smpmrtb
smpmrtb pcfc
pcfc ocklcr
ocklcr fblcw
fblcwc`
c` beb
beb..

Fbchno Lnx Fmabem Orbf Yystmk Fctc

▧ Fbsphcy Orbf cs ; Ypcibeo

▧ Tcstbjc
Tcstbjce
e fctc
fctc fbbepu
fbbeputt smsucb
smsucb fme
fmeoce
oce ]eb
]ebts!
ts!
▧ Jhbj ‘
 ‘NJ
NJ‛‛
▧ Kcjc
Kcjc cjce
cjce kueiu
kueiuhh hmklc
hmklcrr jmrgc
jmrgc smpm
smpmrtb
rtb pcfc
pcfc o
ockl
cklcr
cr fb
fblc
lcwc
wc`
`

Hmklcrr Jmrgc fmeoce

Hmklc fmeoce Ocklcr
Ocklcr Tmrknfmhce
Tmrknfmhce Cwch
 9F A\CKM 330

KNFBAR KNFMHBEO

▧ Tbh
Tbhb`
b` arckm
arckm yceo
yceo cjce fuphbj
fuphbjct
ct uet
uetuj
uj pnrtch
pnrtch Ctcp
Ctcp smpmrt
smpmrtbb ocklcr
ocklcr fblcwc
fblcwc`
` beb
▧ Jhbj Mfbt Kmeu 5 \mphbictm
▧ Tcfc Vcl Hbemcr,
Hbemcr, Beirmkmets
Beirmkmets fz ; <=44 kk
▧
Beirmkmet Fctc ; 3
▧ Jhb
Jhbj
j Cpphy
Cpphy
▧ Jh
Jhbj
bj NJ

Ocklcrr Knfbabjcs
Ocklc Knfbabjcsbb Ytrujtur
Ytrujtur Tnrtch
Tnrtch

▧ Jhbj Frcw Kmeu 5 Frcw Arckm/ Iclhm/ Vmefne

▧ Tb
Tbhb`
hb` pme
pmeckpc
ckpceo
eo jnhnk
jnhnk uetuj
uetuj fbocklc
fbocklcrr pcfc
pcfc pmr
pmrknfm
knfmhce
hce
▧ Ocklcr jnhnk
jnhnk pcfc pmrknfmhce
pmrknfmhce
▧ Kcjc
Kcjc cjce
cjce tckpb
tckpbhh pmrkn
pmrknfm
fmhc
hce
e pcfc
pcfc hmk
hmklc
lcrr jmr
jmrgc
gc smpm
smpmrt
rtbb pc
pcfc
fc ocklc
ocklcrr fb
fblc
lcwc
wc`
` be
bebb

Ocklcrr Ytrujtur Tnrtch

Ocklc Tnrtch
 9F A\CKM 332

FMABEM KCVM\BCH

▧ Jhbj Fm
Fmabem Kmeu 5 Kctmrbchs
abem Kmeu
▧ Tb
Tbhb
hb`
` kctmr
kctmrbc
bchh 6444
6444 Ts
Tsbb (l
(lmt
mtne
ne))
▧ Jhbj Cf
 Cfff Inp y na Kctmrb
Kct mrb ch

Fbchno Lnx Fmabem Kctmrbch

Jmkufb
Jmkufbce
ce beput
beput fctc smsuc
smsucbb fmeoce
fmeoce fctc
fctc pmrmei
pmrmeicec
cecce
ce fchck
fchck gmefmh
gmefmhc
c Kctmrb
Kctmrbch
ch Trnpmr
Trnpmrty
ty
Fctc
Fctc smpmrtb
smpmrtb pcf
pcfc
c ocklcr
ocklcr fblcw
fblcwc`
c` beb.
beb.

▧ Lmrb Eckc Kctmrbch

Kctmrbch smsucb
smsucb fmeoc
fmeoce
e
rmeicec
▧ Fbsphcy Inhnr fbtmetujce
fbtmetujce nhm` usmr
(nptbnech)
▧ Lmrct pmr vnhukm
vnhukm lmtne ; <64
<644 jo/k9
4 jo/k

▧ Knfuhus
Knfuhus Mhcstbsbtcs Lmtne, Mi ; 6?44   ‼
Mhcstbsbtcs Lmtne,
▧  a‒i ; 94 Kpc (E/kk<)
(E/kk

Tcstbjc
Tcstbjce
e fctc
fctc fbbeput
fbbeput sm
smsuc
sucbb fmeoc
fmeoce
e
]ebts!

Fbchno Lnx Kctmrbch Trnpmrty Fctc

 9F A\CKM 3<4

FMABEM YMIVBNE T\NTM\VBMY

▧ Jhbj Fm
Fmabem Kmeu 5 Ymitbne
abem Kmeu Trnpmrtbms 5 Arc
Ymitbne Trnpmrtbms Arckm
km Ymitbnes
Ymitbnes
▧ Jhbj Cf
 Cfff Emw Trn pmr ty

Fbchno Lnx Arckm Trnpmrtbms

▧ Tbhb`
Tbhb` Arckm Ymi
Ymitbne
tbne Trnpmrty
Trnpmrty Vypm
Vypm kmegcfb Ineirm
Ineirmtm
tm
▧ Jhb
Jhbj
j pmeckpc
pmeckpceo
eo \mitce
\mitceouh
ouhcr 
cr 

Fbchno Lnx Cff Arckm Ymitbne Trnpmrty

 9F A\CKM 3<3

FMABEM YMIVBNE T\NTM\VBMY

▧ Lmrbb Eckc Tmeckp

Lmr Tmeckpceo
ceo sms
smsucb
ucb fme
fmeoce
oce rmeice
rmeicec
c
▧ Fbsphcy Inhnr fbtmetujce nhm` usmr (nptbnech)
▧ Fmpt` ; tbeoob
tbeoob pmeckpceo
pmeckpceo
▧

_bft` ; hmlcr
hmlcr pmeckp
pmeckpceo
ceo
▧ Tbhb`
Tbhb` Kctmrbch a‒i 94
Kctmrbch
▧ Jhbj Ineirm
Ineirmtm
tm \mbeanr
\mbeanrimkmet
imkmet

Fbchno Lnx \mitceouhcr Ymitbne

Fbchno Lnx \mbeanrimkmet Fctc

▧ ]etuj Lchnj
Lchnj pbhb`
pbhb` Fmsbo
Fmsboe
e Vypm
Vypm kmegcfb Lmck (K9 Fmsboe
Fmsboe Nehy
Nehy))
▧ ]etuj Jnhnk
Jnhnk pbhb`
pbhb` Fmsboe
Fmsboe Vypm
Vypm kmegcfb Inhuke
Inhuke (T-K
(T-K<-K9
<-K9 Fmsboe)
Fmsboe)

▧
Jh
Jhbj
bj NJ
 9F A\CKM 3<<

FMABEM YMIVBNE T\NTM\VBMY

▧ Jhbj Fm
Fmabem Kmeu 5 Ymitbne
abem Kmeu Trnpmrtbms 5  Cr
Ymitbne Trnpmrtbms  Crmc
mc Ymit bn es
▧ Jhbj Cf
 Cfff Emw Trn pmr ty

Fbchno Lnx Y`mhh Ymitbne Fctc

▧
Lmrbjce
Lmrbjce Eckc smsucb
smsucb pmeckpc
pmeckpceo
eo
▧ Vypm ; Y`mhh-V`
Y`mhh-V`be
be (uetuj
(uetuj Tmhc
Tmhct),
t), Y`mhh-V`bij
Y`mhh-V`bij (]etueo
(]etueo Fbefbeo
Fbefbeo Omsmr)
▧ Beput V`bijem
V`bijemss
ss smsucb
smsucb fmeoce
fmeoce pmrmeicecce
pmrmeicecce
▧   Kctmrbch ; Ai‒ 94
▧ Jhbj NJ
▧ ]h
]hce
ceob
ob hceo
hceojc`
jc` fbct
fbctcs
cs uetu
uetuj
j smkuc
smkuc pmec
pmeckpc
kpceo
eo pm
pmhc
hctt fc
fce
e fb
fbef
efbe
beo
o om
omsm
smr.
r.

Fbchno Lnx Y`mhh Ymitbne Fctc

 9F A\CKM 3<9

CYYBOE MHMKMEV

▧ Jhbj Ymhmit Kmeu 5 Ymhmit Hbemf Tcrchhmh Vn 5 Innrfbectm Cxms nr Thcem

▧ Innrfbcetm
Innrfbcetm Yys
Yystmk
tmk ; PR Thcem
▧ Jhbj Ymhmit
▧

 Css bo e Kmeu 5 Arckm 5 Arckm Ymitb

Jhbj Css
Jhbj Ymitb nes
▧ Tbhb` Ymitb
Tbhb` Ymitbne
ne lchnj
lchnj yce
yceo
occjce
jce fb cphbjcsbjce
cphbjcsbjce pcfc pmrknfm
pmrknfmhce
hce
▧ Jhbj  Cp
 Cpph
ph y
▧ ]hceob
]hceob Hce
Hceojc`
ojc` fbctcs
fbctcs uetuj
uetuj jnhnk.
jnhnk.
▧ Jhbj ‘
 ‘NJ
NJ‛‛

Fbchno Lnx Y`mhh Ymitbne Fctc

Ocklcr Cssboe Arckm Tcfc Lchnj

 9F A\CKM 3<6

F\C_ MHMKMEV

▧ Jhbj Frcw Kmeu 5 Subij Frcw Crmc5 Innrfbectm Cxms nr Thcem

▧ Frco iursnr pcfc
pcfc lbfceo
lbfceo PR uetuj
uetuj kmeoocklcr phct pcfc
pcfc pmrknfmh
pmrknfmhce
ce
▧ @cpus
@cpus pcfc
pcfc lcobce
lcobce vnbf
vnbf (crmc
(crmc))
▧

Ymhmit pmh
Ymhmit pmhct
ct hcetcb
hcetcb uet
uetuj
uj fbfuph
fbfuphbjc
bjcsb
sb
▧ Jhbj Mfbt Kmeu 5 \mphbictm
▧ Tcfc Vcl Hbemcr,
Hbemcr, Beirmkmets
Beirmkmets fz ; 9=44 kk
▧ Beirmkmet Fctc ; <
▧ Jhb
Jhbj
j Cpphy
Cpphy
▧ Jh
Jhbj
bj NJ

Ocklcr Cssboe Crmc Tcfc Orbf

▧ Hcjuj
Hcjujce
ce hceo
hceojc`
jc` fbct
fbctcs
cs uetu
uetuj
j pmhc
pmhctt hcet
hcetcb
cb fmeo
fmeoce
ce jmtml
jmtmlch
chce
ce yce
ceo
o hc
hcbe
be..

Ocklcr Tnrtch fce Tmhct

 9F A\CKM 3<=

F\C_ MHMKMEV

3.6 k 3.6 k

3.6 k

3.?= k 9.1 k
=k
   k
   =
 .
   9
3.?= k
3.6 k

=k 9.4 k

Ocklcrr Tntneoc
Ocklc Tntneoce
e Vceooc
Vceooc Ocklcrr Fmec` Vceooc
Ocklc Vceooc

]etu
]etuj
j kmeoo
kmeoockl
cklcr
cr str
strujt
ujtur
ur tc
tceo
eooc
oc pmrh
pmrhu
u kmeoo
kmeoockl
cklcr
cr lm
lmlm
lmrc
rcpc
pc mh
mhmkm
mkme
e ce
cetc
tcrc
rc hc
hcbe
be77
- Gnbet
- Lchnj
- Tmhct
mhct (\ck
(\ckp
p fce
fce Lnr
nrfm
fms)
s)
Hceojc` yceo fbhcjujce
fbhcjujce cfch
cfchc`
c` smlcocb
smlcocb lmrbjut
lmrbjut
▧ Jhbj Frcw Kmeu 5 Frcw Ypmibch
Ypmibch Gnbe t
▧ Beput ebhc
ebhcbb pcfc fbch
fbchno
no lnx Trnpmrty
Trnpmrty na Nlgmit smsucb
smsucb fmeoce
fmeoce ocklcr pmrmeicecce
pmrmeicecce

Ocklcrr Tmrhmtcjce
Ocklc Tmrhmtcjce Gnbet Vceooc
Vceooc
 9F A\CKM 3<1

F\C_ MHMKMV

3.6 k 3.6 k

3.6 k

3.?= k 9.1 k
=k
   k
   =
 .
   9
3.?= k
3.6 k

=k 9.4 k

Ocklcrr Tntneoc
Ocklc Tntneoce
e Vceooc
Vceooc Ocklcrr Fmec` Vceooc
Ocklc Vceooc

▧ Hcegut
Hcegutjce
jce pmeooc
pmeoocklcr
klcrce
ce gnbet
gnbet sms
smsucb
ucb fme
fmeoce
oce ockl
ocklcr
cr pmrmei
pmrmeicec
cecce.
ce.
▧ Fcpc
Fcpctt kmeo
kmeoou
ouec
ecjc
jce
e pmrb
pmrbetc` \mphbictm fce Knvm ue
etc` uetu
tuj
j kmkuf
kmkufc`
c`jc
jce
e pm
pmeo
eooc
ockl
klcr
crce
ce
 gnbet.

Vbtbj \ckp Lnrfms-Ht.<

Lnrfms-Ht.<

Vbtbj Lnrfm
Lnrfms
s

Vbtbj \ckp Ht 3-Lnrfms

3-Lnrfms

Ocklcr Tmrhmt
Tmrhmtcjce
cjce Gnbet ]etuj Ytrujt
Ytrujtur
ur Vceooc

Jcrmec
Jcrmec strujtu
strujturr tceooc
tceooc tbp
tbpbjch
bjch kcjc pmeooc
pmeoocklcr
klcrce
ce pmrknfm
pmrknfmhce
hce fbh
fbhcjuj
cjujce
ce `ceyc
`ceyc 3 (sctu)
(sctu) yceo
yceo
jmkuf
jmkufbc
bce
e cjc
cjce
e fb fuph
fuphbjc
bjcsb
sb jm pmrh
pmrhmt
mtcj
cjce
ce kcsbe
kcsbeo
o kcsbe
kcsbeo.
o.
 9F A\CKM 3<?

F\C_ MHMKMV

▧ Jhbj Fr
Frcw
cw Kmeu
Kmeu 5 Frcw
rcw Tnhy Cr
Crm
mc.
▧ Tb
Tbhb
hb`
` smit
smitbn
bne
e pmhc
pmhctt tc
tceo
eooc
oc pcfc
pcfc fbch
fbchno
no lnx.
lnx.
▧ Ocklc
Ocklcrh
rhc`
c` pmhc
pmhctt pcfc
pcfc tc
tckp
kpbh
bhce
ce 9F cocr
cocr fcpc
fcpctt kme
kmeoo
oockl
cklcr
cr pc
pcfc
fc gn
gnbe
bett yc
yceo
eo tmh
tmhc`
c` fb
fboc
ocklc
klcr 
r 

smlmhukeyc.

Ocklcr
Ocklcr Tmh
Tmhct
ct ]et
]etuj
uj Ytr
Ytrujtu
ujturr Vce
Vceooc
ooc

▧ Ymhmit
Ymhmit pmh
pmhct
ct tceooc
tceooc yc
yceo
eo tmhc`
tmhc` fbocklc
fbocklcr.
r.
▧ Jhbj Mfbt Kmeu 5 \mphbictm .
▧ Tcfc Vcl Hbemcr,
Hbemcr, Beirmkmets
Beirmkmets fz ; 9=44 kk
▧ Beirmkmet Fctc ; 9
▧ Jhb
Jhbj
j Cpphy
Cpphy
▧ Jh
Jhbj
bj NJ

Ocklcr
Ocklcr Tm
Tmhct
hct Ytr
Ytrujtu
ujturr Vce
Vceooc
ooc cjce fbf
fbfuphb
uphbjcs
jcsbb
 9F A\CKM 3<0

F\C_ MHMKMV

▧ Ymhmit
Ymhmit smku
smkuc
c pmhct
pmhct tceooc
tceooc..
▧ Jhbj Mfbt Kmeu 5 \mphbictm.
▧ Tcfc Vcl Hbemcr,
Hbemcr, Beirmkmets
Beirmkmets fz ; 99444 kk
▧

Beirmkmet Fctc ; 3
▧ Jh
Jhbj
bj Cpphy
Cpphy
▧ Jh
Jhbj
bj NJ

Ocklcrr T
Ocklc Tmhct
mhct Vceooc
Vceooc Ybsb Jbrb

Ocklcr Ytrujtur
Ytrujtur Vceoo
Vceooc
c
 9F A\CKM 3<2

F\C_ MHMKMV

Tcfc
Tcfc pmhct
pmhct lnrfms
lnrfms tmrfcpc
tmrfcpctt lch
lchnj
nj uet
uetuj
uj kmemrus
kmemrusjce
jce lmlce
lmlce lnrfms
lnrfms pcfc
pcfc jnhnk,
jnhnk,
sm`beo
sm`beooc
oc fbhceg
fbhcegutjc
utjce
e kmeoockl
kmeoocklcr
cr lchnj
lchnj lnr
lnrfms
fms

3.6 k

3.?= k

   k
   =
 .
   9

3.?= k

Lchnj Lnrfm
Lnrfms
s

=k

▧ Jhbj Frcw Kmeu 5 Frcw Arckm/ Iclhm/ Vmefn

Vmefn e .
▧ Tbh
Tbhb`
b` pmeckpc
pmeckpceo
eo lchnj
lchnj
▧ Knkmet \mhmcsm ; Inetbeunus
▧ Ocklcr lchnj lnrfms

Ocklcrr Ytrujtur
Ocklc Ytrujtur Vceooc
Vceooc tmhc` fbocklcr
fbocklcr pcfc pmrknfmhce
pmrknfmhce

Ymtmhc
Ymtmhc`
` pmeooc
pmeoocklcr
klcrce
ce mhmkme
mhmkme fbhceg
fbhcegutj
utjce
ce pcfc
pcfc kmem
kmemetu
etuce
ce tukpuce
tukpuce fce pmklmlc
pmklmlcece
ece
 9F A\CKM 394

F\C_ MHMKMV

Tcfc
Tcfc pmrh
pmrhmtc
mtcjce
jce fbe
fbefbe
fbeo
o omsmr
omsmr tmrfcp
tmrfcpct
ct < tbpm
tbpm yc
ycbtu
btu77
▧ Y_3
Y_3 ; fbef
fbefbe
beo
o om
omsm
smrr cr
crc`
c` kmkc
kmkceg
egce
ceo,
o, H ; =.4
=.4k
k
▧ Y_<
Y_< ; fbef
fbefbe
beo
o om
omsm
smrr cr
crc`
c` kmhb
kmhbet
etce
ceo,
o, H ; 6.4
6.4k
k
▧
Y_ 9 ; fbe
fbefb
fbeo
eo omsm
omsmrr cr
crc`
c` kmh
kmhbe
betc
tceo
eo,, H ; 9.4
9.4k
k

Y_ 9 Y_ < Y_ < Y_ 9

Y_ 3 Y_ 3

Y_ < Y_ <
Y_ 3 Y_ 3

]etuj
]etuj km
kmeo
eooc
ockl
klcr
cr Y_3 pm
pmrh
rhu
u kmeo
kmeooc
ockl
klcr
cr gnbe
gnbett tc
tckl
klc`
c`ce
ce sm
smlm
lmhu
huk
k kmeo
kmeooc
ockl
klcr
cr fb
fbef
efbe
beo
o
omsmr.
▧ Jhbj Frcw Kmeu 5 Frc
Frcw
w Ypmibch Gnb et
▧ Beput ebhcb pcfc fbchn
fbchno
o lnx Trnpmrty
Trnpmrty na Nlgmit
Nlgmit smsucb
smsucb fmeoce
fmeoce ocklcr pmrmeicecce
pmrmeicecce

Ocklcr Gnbet
Gnbet Fbef
Fbefbeo
beo Omsmr 
 9F A\CKM 393

C\MC KMY@

▧ Jhbj Cs
 Cssb
sb oe Kmeu
Kme u 5 Cr
 Crmc
mc 5 Cu
 Cutn
tn kct bi Cr
Crmc
mc Kms `
▧ Tbhb` Cutn Kms` Crmc Betn Nlgmit na V`bs Kcxbkuk Ybzm
▧ Beput
Beput ebhc
ebhcbb smlmsc
smlmscrr 3 k pcfc
pcfc smtbcp
smtbcp crc
crc`
`
▧
Ymhmit smh
Ymhmit smhuru
uru`
` pmhct
pmhct hcetcb
hcetcb fce fbefbe
fbefbeo
o omsmr 
omsmr 
▧ Jh
Jhbj
bj Cpphy
Cpphy
▧ Jh
Jhbj
bj NJ

Fbchno Lnx Cssboe Cutnkctbi Crmc Kms`

Ocklcr 9F smtmhc` Cssboe Cutnkctbi

Cutnkctbi Crmc Kms`
 9F A\CKM 39<

CYYBOE Y]TTN\V

▧ Jhbj Cs
 Cssb
sb oe 5 Gnbet 5 \mstrcbets
▧ Tb
Tbhb
hb`
` gm
gmeb
ebs
s tukpuce abxmf
tukpuce
▧ Ymhmit gnbet yceo cjce fbgcfbjce tukpuce
▧

Jhbj Cp
 Cpph
ph y
▧ Jhbj NJ

Ocklcr <F Gnbet yceo cjce fblmrbj

fblmrbjce
ce tukpuce gmpbt

Ocklcr
Ocklcr pmrk
pmrknfmh
nfmhce
ce 9F fmeoc
fmeoce
e tukp
tukpuce
uce gmpb
gmpbtt
 9F A\CKM 399

FMABEM O\N]T

▧ Jhbj Fmabem Kmeu 5 Ornups

▧ Jhbj
Jhbj Cff Emw O
Ornup
rnup
▧ Lm
Lmrb
rbjce
jce eckc
eckc or
orup
up
▧
Jhbj NJ
▧ ]h
]hce
ceob
ob hceo
hceojc`
jc` fbct
fbctcs
cs uetu
uetuj
j kmklu
kmkluct
ct or
orup
up tb
tbcp
cp hcet
hcetcb
cb

Fbchno Lnx Ornup Fmabebtbne

Fbchno Lnx Fmabem Ornup Eckms

 9F A\CKM 396

CYYBOE O\N]T

▧ Jhbj Cs
 Cssb
sb oe 5 Cs
 Cssb
sb oe tn Orn up
▧ Tbh
Tbhb`
b` eckc oru
orup
p yc
yceo
eo cjce
cjce fbfmab
fbfmabebs
ebsbjce
bjce pcfc
pcfc pmrkn
pmrknfmh
fmhce
ce
▧ Ymhmit mh
mhmkm
mkme
e yceo
yceo cjce
cjce fbor
fborup
up smsu
smsucb
cb eckc
eckc or
orup
up

▧
Jhbj Cp
 Cpph
ph y
▧ ]h
]hce
ceob
ob hc
hceo
eojc
jc`
` fbct
fbctcs
cs uetu
uetuj
j or
orup
up smtb
smtbcp
cp hcet
hcetcb
cb
▧ Jhbj NJ

Ocklcr Cssboe
Cssboe Or
Ornup
nup pcfc pmr
pmrknfmhce
knfmhce 9F tbcp hcetcb

Ocklcr
Ocklcr or
orup
up pmr
pmrknfm
knfmhce
hce 9F tbc
tbcp
p hcet
hcetcb
cb
 9F A\CKM 39=

FMABEM HNCF TCVVM\E

▧ Jhbj Fmabem Kmeu 5 Hncf Tcttmres

▧ Tcfc Hncf Tcttm
Tcttmre
re Eckm
Eckm lm
lmrbjce
rbjce eckc smsucb pcfc lmlce yceo
yceo fbrme
fbrmeicecjc
icecjce
e
▧ Vypm
Vypm smsuc
smsucbjce
bjce fmeoce
fmeoce tbp
tbpm
m fcrb
fcrb lmlce
lmlce yc
yceo
eo fbrm
fbrmeic
eicecjc
ecjce
e
▧
Jhbj Cf
 Cfff Emw Hncf
H ncf Tctt mre
▧ ]h
]hce
ceob
ob hceo
hceojc`
jc` fbct
fbctcs
cs uetu
uetuj
j smtb
smtbcp
cp gmeb
gmebs
s lmlc
lmlce
e
▧ Jhbj ‘
 ‘NJ
NJ‛‛

Fbchno Lnx Fmbem

Fmbem Hncf Inklb
Inklbectbne
ectbne
 9F A\CKM 391

FMABEM HNCF INKLBECVBNE

▧ Jhbj Fmabem 5 Hncf Inklbectbnes

▧ Jhbj Cf
 Cfff Emw Inkl
In kl n
▧ Vypm
Vypm smsu
smsucbj
cbjce
ce fmeoce
fmeoce tbp
tbpm
m fcrb
fcrb lmlce
lmlce yc
yceo
eo fbrm
fbrmeic
eicecj
ecjce
ce

▧
Jhbj Cf
 Cfff Emw Hncf
H ncf Tctt mre

Fbchno Lnx Fmabem Hncf Inklbectbne

▧
6
Lmrbjce
Lmrbjc e eckc Jnkl
Jnklbec
becsb
sb Tmk
Tmklml
lmlcec
cece
e sms
smsucb
ucb fme
fmeoce
oce pmrmei
pmrmeicec
cecce.
ce.
▧ Tbhb` Hncf Icsm yceo fbrmeicecjce
▧ Beput
Beput fctc Yichm
Yichm Acjtnr
Acjtnr lmrfcs
lmrfcscr
cr ebhcb
ebhcb acjtnr
acjtnr fcrb
fcrb pmrctu
pmrcturce
rce** yceo lmrhcju
lmrhcju
▧ Jhbj Cf
 Cfff
▧ Jhbj NJ
▧ ]hceob
]hceob hce
hceojc`
ojc` fbctcs
fbctcs pcfc
pcfc smtb
smtbcp
cp jnklbec
jnklbecsb
sb pmklmlc
pmklmlcece
ece

Fbchno Lnx Hncf Inklbectbne Fctc

*Jnkl
Jnklbec
becsb
sb Tmkl
Tmklmlc
mlcece
ece fcp
fcpct
ct fbh
fbhb`c pcfc YEB 3?<?7 <439
b`ctt pcfc
 9F A\CKM 39?

CYYBOE HNCF

Fmec` Ht.3-H
Ht.3-Ht.6
t.6 Vbpbjch

  k
   =

  k
   9
  k
   0
   3
  k
   =

  k
   =

9k 6k 6k 6k 1k 6k 6k 6k 9k

91 k
Fmec`
Fmec` Ctc
Ctcp
p

  k
   =

  k
   9
  k
   0
   3
  k
   =

  k
   =

91 k

Jnklbecsb Tmklmlc
Tmklmlcece
ece Tmklmlcece
▧ 3.6 F FH 7 - Jn
Jnkpneme Ytrujtur  
▧ 3.< F + 3.1 H - Tm
Tmeu
eutu
tup
p hc
hcet
etcb
cb ; =4
=4 jo/k<
jo/k
▧ 3.< F + 3.4 Mx + H - Th
T hcanef ; 34 jo/k<
▧ 3.< F - 3.4 Mx + H H 7 =44 jo/k<
▧ 3.< F + 3.4
3.4 My + H M 7 Ytctbs Mjbvchme
▧ 3.<
3.< F - 3.
3.4
4 My
My + H Mx ; Omkp
Omkpc
c Yukl
Yuklu
uP
▧ 4.2 F + 3.4 Mx My ; Omkp
Omkpc
c Yukl
Yuklu
uR
▧ 4.2 F - 3.4 Mx
▧ 4.2 F + 3.4 My
▧ 4.2 F - 3.4 My
 9F A\CKM 390

CYYBOE HNCF

Lmlce Hucsce
▧ Jhbj Cs sb oe 5 Cr
 Cssb  Crmc H ncf 5 ]ebanrk tn Arckm (Y`mhh)
mc Hncf (Y`mhh)
▧ Tbhb` Hncf Tcttmre FMCF
▧
Innrfbectm Yystmk ; Ohnlch
▧ Beput
Beput ebhcb
ebhcb ocyc
ocyc pcfc
pcfc Yuklu
Yuklu Ohn
Ohnlch
lch W s
smsuc
msucbb fmeoce
fmeoce ebh
ebhcb
cb lmlce.
lmlce.
▧ Tb
Tbhb`
hb` crmc
crmc y
yceo
ceo cjce fblmrb
fblmrb lml
lmlce
ce
▧ Jhbj ‘ Cpph
 Cp ph y ‛
▧ ]h
]hce
ceob
ob hc
hceo
eojc`
jc` fbct
fbctcs
cs pcfc
pcfc ebhc
ebhcbb lmlc
lmlce
e hcbe
hcbe..
▧ Jhbj ‘
 ‘NJ
NJ‛‛

Ocklcr
Ocklcr Tm
Tmhct
hct Hcet
Hcetcb
cb yce
yceo
o cjce fblm
fblmrbj
rbjce
ce Lml
Lmlce
ce Jmr
Jmrgc
gc

Lmlce Tmeutup H
Hc
cetcb Lmlce Thcanef Lmlce Aueosb Lc
Lceouece
 9F A\CKM 392

CYYBOE HNCF

Ytctbj
Ytctbj Mjbvchme
Mjbvchme
Kmrupcjce kmtnfm stctbs uetuj lmlce omkpc yceo lmjmrgc pcfc suctu strujtur smtmhc`
fbsm
fbsmf
fmr
mr`c
`cec
ecjc
jce
e fc
fce
e fbkn
fbknf
fba
babj
bjc
csb,
sb, yce
ceo
o kcec
kcec ocy
cyc
c be
bem
mrsb
rsbc yce
ceo
o lm
lmjm
jmrg
rgc
c pcfc
pcfc su
suct
ctu
u kcss
kcssc
c

cjb
jblc
lctt om
omkp
kpc
c fbsm
fbsmfm
fmr`
r`ce
cec
cjc
jce
e km
kmeg
egcf
cfbb oc
ocy
yc `n
`nrb
rbzn
znet
etch
ch.. Trns
Trnsmf
mfur
ur lm
lmlc
lce
e om
omkp
kpc
c fb
fbct
ctur
ur fc
fchc
hck
k
YEBB 3?<1
YE 3?<177 <432
<432..

`e ; Vbeoob Lceouece
`x ; Vbeoob Vbeojct
Ae ; Ocyc Hc
Hctmrch Lceouece
Ax ; Ocyc Hctmrch Vbeojct
_x ; Lmrct Vbeojct
Q ; Ocyc Omsmr Fc
F cscr  

Ocklcr Fbstrblusb
Fbstrblusb Ocyc Hctmrc
Hctmrchh Lmlce Omkpc Fmeoce Kmtnfm
Kmtnfm Ytctbj Mjubvc
Mjubvchme
hme

My (-
(-))

R
Mx (+) Mx (-)
P

My (+
(+))

Ocklcrr Lmlce Omkpc Fbsbkuhcsb

Ocklc Fbsbkuhcsb Lmjmrgc
Lmjmrgc Tcfc Crc` Yuklu P Fce Yuklu R L
Lceoue
ceouece
ce

Jnklbecsb Tmklmlc
Tmklmlcece
ece
▧ 3.< F + 3.4 Mx + H ▧ 4.2 F + 3.4 Mx
▧ 3.< F - 3.4 Mx + H ▧ 4.2 F - 3.4 Mx
▧ 3.< F + 3.4 My + H ▧ 4.2 F + 3.4 My
▧
3.<
3.< F - 3.
3.4
4 My
My + H ▧
4.2 F - 3.4 My
 9F A\CKM 364

\ ] E C E C HR Y B Y

Ymlm
Ymlmhu
huk
k bepu
beputt fctc
fctc lm
lmlc
lce
e om
omkp
kpc
c fbpm
fbpmrh
rhuj
ujce
ce fc
fctc
tc lm
lmrc
rctt stru
strujt
jtur
ur tb
tbcp
cp hc
hcet
etcb
cb sm
sm`b
`beo
eooc
oc fb
fbhc
hcju
jujc
jce
e
cechbs
cechbsc
c fc`
fc`uhu
uhu uet
uetuj
uj kmeomtc
kmeomtc`ub
`ub lmr
lmrct
ct strujtur
strujtur smefbr
smefbrb.
b.
▧ Jhbj Ce
 Cechy
chy zm Kmeu 5 Ymt Cec
Cechysbs
hysbs Nptbn
ptbnes
es

▧
Tb
Tbhb
hb`
` Ac
Acst
st FNAs
FNAs ; Yp
Ypci
cim
m Ar
Arck
ckm
m (j
(jcs
csus
us pmrk
pmrknf
nfmh
mhce
ce cf
cfch
chc`
c` 9F)
9F)
▧ Jh
Jhbj
bj NJ

Fbchno Lnx Cechysbs Nptbnes

▧ Jhbj Cech
Cechyz
yzm
m 5 \ue Cechy
Cechysbs,
sbs, ctcu
ctcu fmeoce
fmeoce s`nrtiut
s`nrtiut jhbj
jhbj A= pcfc
pcfc jmylncrf
jmylncrf
▧ Tcfc
Tcfc jcsus KNFCH,
KNFCH, tb
tbfcj
fcj pmr
pmrhu
hu fb Cec
Cechbs
hbsc
c sm`b
sm`beoo
eooc
c jhbj
jhbj KNFCH
KNFCH pcfc
pcfc tclmh
tclmh
▧ Jhbj \ue/F
\ue/Fn
n Ent \ue Icsm
Icsm
▧ Jhb
Jhbj
j \ue Enw

Fbchno Lnx Ymt Hncf Icsms tn \ue

 9F A\CKM 363

QBM_ N]VT]V

]etu
]etuj
j kmhb`
kmhb`ct
ct lmrct
lmrct str
strujt
ujtur
ur smef
smefbr
brbb hceo
hceojc`
jc` yceo
ceo fbhc
fbhcjuj
jujce
ce smlc
smlcoc
ocbb lm
lmrb
rbjut
jut..
▧ Jhbj Fb
Fbsphc
sphcy
y Kmeu
Kmeu 5 Y`
Y`nw
nw Vclhm
Vclhms
s
▧ Tbh
bhbb` KNFMH FMA
FMABEBVBN
VBNE 5 Nt`mr Fmab
abe
ebtbnes 5 Ornup Fctc 5 Vc
Vcl
lhm Orn
rnu
up-K
-Kc
cssms cef

_mbo`ts
▧ Jh
Jhbj
bj NJ

Fbchno Lnx Cechysbs Nptbnes

Fcrb
crb fc
fctc
tc tc
tclm
lmhh fbct
fbctcs
cs fbpm
bpmrn
rnhhm` lm
lmrc
rctt st
stru
rujt
jtur
ur tb
tbcp
cp hce
cetc
tcbb fc
fcrb
rb or
orup
up yce
ceo
o tm
tmhhc` fb
fbrm
rme
eic
icec
ecjc
jce
e
sm
smlm
lmhu
huke
key
yc, pc
pcfc
fc jnhn
jnhnk
k Ym
Ymha
hawm
wmbo
bo`t
`t kmru
kmrupc
pcjc
jce
e lm
lmsc
scrc
rce
e lm
lmrc
rctt stru
strujt
jtur
ur tb
tbcp
cp hc
hcet
etcb
cb.. Jmku
Jmkufb
fbce
ce
tclm
tclmhh fbct
fbctcs
cs fbmx
fbmxpn
pnrt
rt uetu
uetuj
j kmeo
kmeonh
nhc`
c` fctc
fctc fbct
fbctcs
cs uetu
uetuj
j km
kmkpm
kpmrnh
rnhm`
m` lm
lmsc
scrc
rce
e oc
ocyc
yc om
omkpc
kpc yceo
yceo
cjce
cjce lmjmr
lmjmrgc
gc pcfc
pcfc st
stru
rujtu
jtur.
r.

▧ Jhb
hbj
j Ab
Abhhm Kmeu
Kmeu 5 Mxp
xpn
nrt Iurrm
urrme
et Vc
Vcl
lhm 5 Vn Mxi
ximh
mh
▧ Tcfc Mximh, beput fctc lmrct pmr hcetcb (Ymhawmbo`t) tmrsml
smlut fchck an
anrrkct
kct tclmh lmlce
omkpc
omkpc stctbs
stctbs mjubvch
mjubvchme.
me.
▧ Jmkuf
kufbce hcju
juj
jce pmr`b
r`btueoce uetuj fctc yceo fbpmrhujce
jce fchck km
kmkp
kpm
mrnhm` lmlce
omkpc
omkpc stctbs
stctbs mjubvch
mjubvchme.
me.
▧ Tcfc YCT<444 jhbj bjne uetuj kmklujc jueib cechbsc fce fbhcegutjce kmhcjujce
be
bepu
putt fctc
fctc lmlc
lmlce
e omkpc
omkpc..
 9F A\CKM 36<

YVCVBI MS]BQCHMEV

Fb
Fbjmtc
jmtc`ub
`ub Fct
Fctc
c Omkpc
Omkpc sml
smlcoc
cocbb lmrbjut
lmrbjut..
YFY ; 4.
4.?9
?99
9
Is ; 4.34=

Q ; Is.  _ ; 39
3 9<.<4= ttn
ne
Fcrb
Fcrb fc
fctc
tc fbct
fbctcs
cs kcjc
kcjce
e fbjc
fbjchj
hjuh
uhcs
csbb fm
fmeo
eoce
ce lm
lmrc
rctt st
stru
rujt
jtur
ur tb
tbcp
cp hc
hcet
etcb
cb sm
smpm
pmrt
rtbb pc
pcfc
fc tc
tclm
lmhh fb
fblc
lcw
wc`
beb
Vclmhh Jch
Vclm Jchjuh
juhcsb
csb Ocyc
Ocyc Ytctbs
Ytctbs Mju
Mjubvc
bvchme
hme
3 < 9 6 = 1 ? 0 2
Ax Ay
Hcetcb _ tntch ` `x _x Ivx A
A94% A344%
jm - b t ne k k tne.k t ne tne tne
ctcp 12,20 4,44 31,=4 33=6,?6 4,40 36,2= 6,62 36,2=
= 942,<< <,=4 36,44 69<2,4< 4,94 =1,4= 31,03 =1,4=
6 63=,6= 9,=4 34,=4 691<,30 4,93 =1,60 31,26 =1,60
9 63=,6= 9,=4 ?,44 <240,3< 4,<4 9?,1= 33,94 9?,1=
< 63=,6= 9,=4 9,=4 36=6,41 4,34 30,09 =,1= 30,09
3 3<1,66 9,=4 4,44 4,44 4,44 4,44 4,44 4,44
36<40,3
∓_x ; <
Jmtmrceoce
3 ; Jmtmrceoce Hcetcb
< ; Lmrct Ytrujtur pmr hcetcb
9 ; Jmtbeoobce cetcr Hcetcb x
6 ; Jmtbeoobce Hcetcb x
= ; <*6
1 ;  _ x / _ xb
? ; Q*1
0 ; 94%*?
2 ;334
44% *?

Ebhcb Ax fce Ay jmku

jmkuf
fbce fb lcob fmeoce gukh
khc
c` tbtbj lu`uh pmrh
rhc
cetcb pcfc kcs
kcsbeo-kcs
kcsbeo
suklu.
suklu. Jmkufb
Jmkufbce
ce fbbepu
fbbeputt jmfc
jmfchck
hck pmr
pmrknfm
knfmhce
hce strujtu
strujtur 
r 

Vclmhh Ocy
Vclm Ocyc
c Ytctb
Ytctbs
s Mjub
Mjubvch
vchme
me uetuj
uetuj Vbcp Gnbet
Gnbet
Ax Ay Ax Ay
pme
Ht.3-
Ht.3-Ht.
Ht.=
= Ctc
Ctcp
p Hcetcb A94% A344%
e nf m p m e e nf m
Gukhc` pnrtch
Gukhc` pnrtch
; 34 = jm-b tne t ne t ne t ne
sukl
sukluuP
Gukhc`
Gukhc` pnrtch
pnrtch ctcp 6,62 36,2= 3,3< <,22
; = =
sukl
sukluuR = 31,03 =1,4= 3,10 33,<3
6 31,26 =1,60 3,12 33,94
9 33,94 9?,1= 3,39 ?,=9
< =,1= 30,09 4,=1 9,??
3 4,44 4,44 4,44 4,44
 9F A\CKM 369

HNCF CYYBOE

Beput fctc Omkp

Omkpc
c lmrfcscrjc
jce
e crc` ocyc
cyc omkp
kpc
c yceo tmhc` fbjch
jchjuh
juhcsb smpmrtb
rtb pcfc tclmh
fblcw
fblcwc`
c` beb
Vclmh
Vclmh Jch
Jchjuh
juhcsb
csb Ocyc
Ocyc Ytctbs
Ytctbs Mju
Mjubv
bvchm
chme
e

Ax (+) Ay (+) Ax (-) Ay (-)

Hcetcb p m e nf m pmr enfm p m e nf m pmr enfm
tne t ne tne t ne
ctcp 3,3< <,22 -3,3< -<,22
= 3,10 33,<3 -3,10 -33,<3
6 3,12 33,94 -3,12 -33,94
9 3,39 ?,=9 -3,39 -?,=9
< 4,=1 9,?? -4,=1 -9,??
3 4,44 4,44 4,44

Tm
Tmrl
rlmf
mfcc
cce
e (+
(+)) fce (-)
(-) lmrc
lmrcfc
fc pcf
pcfc
c pmrhm
pmrhmtc
tcjce
jce crc`
crc` lml
lmlce
ce pcf
pcfc
c sbsb
sbsb lc
lceo
eouec
uece.
e.

Lmlce Vbtbj
▧ Jhbj Css bo e 5 Gnbet Hncf 5 Anrims
▧ Tbhb` Hncf Tcttmre Mx (+)
▧ Innrfbectm Yystmk ; Ohnlch
▧ Beput
Beput ebhcb
ebhcb ocyc
ocyc pcfc
pcfc Yuklu
Yuklu Ohn
Ohnlch
lch P s
smsu
msucb
cb fme
fmeoce
oce ebh
ebhcb
cb lmlce.
lmlce.
▧ Tb
Tbhb`
hb` gnbet
gnbet y
yceo
ceo c
cjce
jce fbl
fblmrb
mrb lml
lmlce
ce
▧ Jhbj ‘ Cpph
 Cp ph y ‛
▧ ]h
]hce
ceob
ob hceo
hceojc`
jc` fbct
fbctcs
cs pcfc
pcfc ebhc
ebhcbb lmlc
lmlce
e hcbe
hcbe..
▧ Jhbj ‘
 ‘NJ
NJ‛‛

Ocklcr
Ocklcr Lmlce
Lmlce Omkpc
Omkpc Tcf
Tcfc
c Tnrt
Tnrtch
ch Crc`
Crc` Yuklu
Yuklu P
 9F A\CKM 366

HNCF CYYBOE

Lmlce Mx (+)

Lmlce Mx (-)

Lmlce
Lmlce My (+) fce My (-)
 9F A\CKM 36=

\ ] E C E C HR Y B Y

Ymtmhc` smhmscb beput fctc lmlce omkpc

kpc pcfc smtbcp pnrtch fbhcjuj
jujce cechbsc uhceo uetuj
kmefcpc
kmefcpctjc
tjce
e `csbh
`csbh nup
nuput.
ut.
▧ Jhbj Ce
 Cechy
chy zm Kmeu 5 Ymt Cec
Cechysbs
hysbs Nptbn
ptbnes
es
▧
Tb
Tbhb
hb`
` Ac
Acst
st FNAs
FNAs ; Yp
Ypci
cim
m Ar
Arck
ckm
m (j
(jcs
csus
us pmrk
pmrknf
nfmh
mhce
ce cf
cfch
chc`
c` 9F)
9F)
▧ Jh
Jhbj
bj NJ

Fbchno Lnx Cechysbs Nptbnes

▧ Jhbj Cech
Cechyz
yzm
m 5 \ue Cechy
Cechysbs,
sbs, ctcu
ctcu fmeoce
fmeoce s`nrtiut
s`nrtiut jhbj
jhbj A= pcfc
pcfc jmylncrf
jmylncrf
▧ Tcfc
Tcfc jcsus KNFCH,
KNFCH, tb
tbfcj
fcj pmr
pmrhu
hu fb Cec
Cechbs
hbsc
c sm`b
sm`beoo
eooc
c jhbj
jhbj KNFCH
KNFCH pcfc
pcfc tclmh
tclmh
▧ Jhbj \ue/F
\ue/Fn
n Ent \ue Icsm
Icsm
▧ Jhb
Jhbj
j \ue Enw

Fbchno Lnx Ymt Hncf Icsms tn \ue

 9F A\CKM 361

YV]FR ICYM = 9F V\]YY

Vckp
Vckpcj
cj Ctcs
Ctcs

Vckpcj
Vckpcj Yckpbe
Yckpbeo
o

Vckp
Vckpcj
cj Lcw
Lcwc`

Bean Kctm
Kctmrbch
rbch Bean Lmlce
7 _A<=4.3<=.1.2 FH 7 Ymhawmbo`t
7 ]ET?=.=4.=.? 7 Lmlce Tmhct Hcetc
Hcetc,, \cbhbeo,
\cbhbeo,
7 ]ET344.=4.=.?,= Tbpc, fce Jclmh (3<4 jo)
7 H?4.?4.? HH
7 Lmlce
Lmlce Jmrgc
Jmrgc (21 jo)
Kutu Lc
L cgc 7 LG 9?
ay ; <64
<64 KTc
KTc
au ; 9?4 KTc
M ; <44444 KTc

Trnsms
Trnsms cechb
cechbsbs
sbs fce fmscb
fmscbe
e strujtu
strujturr fchck
fchck YCT<4
YCT<444
44 cfchc`
cfchc` smlcoc
smlcocbb lmrbjut
lmrbjut77
3. Ir
Irmc
mctm
tm Tr
Trng
ngmi
mitt A
Abh
bhm.
m. ?. Fmabem Hncf Inklbectbne.

<. Fmab
Fmabem
em Kctm
Kctmrb
rbch
ch.. 0. Cssboe Hncf.

9. Fmab
Fmabem
em Ymi
Ymitb
tbne
ne T
Trn
rnpm
pmrt
rtbm
bms.
s. 2. \mphbictm Knfmh.

6. Frcw M
Mhhmkme
kmet. 34. Frcw Mhmkmet.

=. Css
ssbo
boe
e Yup
Yuppn
pnrt
rt.. 33. \ue Cechysbs.
Cechysbs.
3<. I`mij \msuhts.
1. Fmab
Fmabem
em Hn
Hncf
cf Tct
Tcttm
tmre
re..
 9F V\]YY 36?

I\MCVM T\NGMIV ABHM

- Jhbj Abhm Kmeu 5 Emw Knfmh,

Knfmh , c ctcu
tcu tmjce Itrh + E.
tmjce E. Kcjc cjce
cjce jmhu
jmhucr
cr tc
tckp
kpbhbhce
ce
smpmrt
smp mrtbb ocklcr
ocklcr fblcwc
fblcwc`` beb
beb..
- Vmetujce ]ebt yceo cjce fbouecjce
- Tbhb` Vmkphctm ‘lhcej‛
- Ymh
mhce
cegu
gutetey
yc jh
jhbj
bj jc
jce
ece pcf
cfc c hm
hmklcr
klcr jm
jmrrgc 5 jhb
jhbj
j mfbt
mfbt or
orbf
bf fc
fctc
tc 5 Tbh
Tbh`
` knf
knfbabay
y5
smhceg
smh cegute
uteyc yc kcsujjc
kcsujjce e ebh
ebhcb
cb smsucb
smsucb fmeoce
fmeoce yceo
yceo fblu
fblutu`
tu`jce
jce..

Fbchno Lnx Emw Knfmh

Fbchno Lnx Innrfbectm/rbf Yystmk

 9F V\]YY 360

I\MCVM T\NGMIV ABHM

Fbchno Lnx Fmabem Orbf Yystmk Fctc

 9F V\]YY 362

I\MCVM T\NGMIV ABHM

▧ Jhbj Fm
Fmabem
abem Kmeu
Kmeu 5 Kctmrbchs
▧ Tb
Tbh`
h` Kctmrb
Kctmrbch
ch C22
C22<Ay
<Ay=4
=4
▧ Jhbj Cf
 Cfff Inp y na Kctmr bch

Fbchno Lnx Fmabem Kctmrbch

▧ Lmrb Eckc Kctmrbch

Kctmrbch smsucb
smsucb fmeoc
fmeoce
e
rmeicec
▧ Fbsphcy Inhnr fbtmetujce
fbtmetujce nhm` usmr
(nptbnech)
▧ Lmrct
Lmrct pmr vn
vnhukm
hukm l
lcgc
cgc ; ?0=4 jo/k9
jo/k
▧ Knfuhus
Knfuhus Mhcstbsbtcs
Mhcstbsbtcs Lmtn
Lmtne,
e, Ms ;
<44444 KTc
▧ Ay ; <64 Kpc (E/kk<)
▧ Au ; 9?4 Kpc (E/kk<)
(E/kk
▧ Aym
Aym ; <6
<64
4 Kpc
Kpc x 3.
3.3*
3*
▧ Aum
Aum ; <
<64
64 Kpc
Kpc x 3.3*
3.3*
▧ Tcstbj
Tcstbjce
ce fctc
fctc fbbepu
fbbeputt smsucb
smsucb fme
fmeoce
oce
]ebts
▧ Jh
Jhbj
bj NJ

Fbchno Lnx Kctmrbch Trnpmrty Fctc

 *Ebhcb
*Ebhcb acjtn
acjtnrr fbpmr
fbpmrnhm`
nhm` fcrb AMKC 9=1 pcfc tclmh =-9

9F V\]YY 3=4

FMABEM YMIVBNE T\NTM\VBMY

▧ Jhbj Fm
Fmabem
abem Kmeu
Kmeu 5 Ymitbne
Ymitbne Trnpmrtbms
Trnpmrtbms 5 Arc
Arckm
km Ymitbnes
Ymitbnes
▧ Jhbj Cf
 Cfff Emw Trn pmr ty

Fbchno Lnx Arckm Trnpmrtbms

▧ Tbhb`
Tbhb` Arckm Ym
Ymitbne
itbne Trnpmrt
Trnpmrty
y Vypm kmegcfb
kmegcfb Ytmmh
▧ Jhbj pmeckpc
pmeckpceo
eo Ceohm
Ceohm Ymitbne
Ymitbne

Fbchno Lnx Cff Arckm Ymitbne Trnpmrty

 9F V\]YY 3=3

FMABEM YMIVBNE T\NTM\VBMY

▧ Lm
Lmrb
rb Eckc
Eckc smsu
smsucb
cb fmeo
fmeoce
ce pmec
pmeckpc
kpceo
eo
▧ Beput
Beput fbk
fbkmes
mesbb mhmkme
mhmkme lmr
lmrfcs
fcscr
cr spmsba
spmsbabjc
bjcsb
sb pmeckpc
pmeckpceo
eo
▧ Tb
Tbhb
hb`
` kctmr
kctmrbc
bchh smsu
smsucb
cb yceo
yceo tm
tmhc
hc`
` fbrm
fbrmei
eice
cecjc
cjce
e
▧ Jh
Jhbj
bj NJ
▧ ]hceob
]hceob hceojc`
hceojc` fbctcs
fbctcs uet
uetuj
uj pmrmei
pmrmeicec
cecce
ce pmeckpc
pmeckpceo
eo hcb
hcbeey
eeyc
c

Fbchno Lnx uetuj smtbcp Ymitbne

 9F V\]YY 3=<

F\C_ MHMKMV
▧ Jhbj Frcw 5 Frcw Arckm/Iclhm/Vmefne
Arckm/Iclhm/Vmefne ctcu jhbj bjne pcfc tnnhlcr
tnnhlcr smlmhc`
smlmhc` jbrb
▧ Tcstbj
Tcstbjce
ce kmeoock
kmeoocklcr
lcr pcfc
pcfc lbfceo
lbfceo P-W

Trnpmrtbms na Nlgmit
Subij Frcw Kmeu

Frcw Kmeu

▧ Hbem Nlgmit Vypm lmrupc

lmrupc lctceo hurus (Ytrcbo`t
(Ytrcbo`t Arckm)
▧ Tbh
Tbhb`
b` Ymitbn
Ymitbne
e smsuc
smsucbb pmeckpc
pmeckpceo
eo yc
yceo
eo cjce Fbocklc
Fbocklcr 
r 
▧ Ocklcrjce
Ocklcrjce lctceo
lctceo pcfc orbf yceo
yceo tm
tmhc`
hc` fbfms
fbfmscbe
cbe

Ocklcrr Tmeoocklc
Ocklc Tmeoocklcrce
rce Mhmkme
Mhmkme \ceo
\ceojc
jc

▧ Hmeojcpb kmklmr pcfc pmrknfmhce smpmrtb hceojc` kmeoocklcr mhmkme

smlmhukeyc.

Ocklcrr Tmeoocklc
Ocklc Tmeoocklcrce
rce Mhmkme
Mhmkme \ceojc
 9F V\]YY 3=9

CYYBOE MHMKMEV
▧ Ymhmit
Ymhmit smh
smhuru
uru`
` \ceojc
\ceojc Gmkl
Gmklctc
ctce
e
▧ Jhbj Cs
 Cssb Kme u 5 Arckm 5 \mhmc
sb oe Kmeu \mhmcsm/
sm/ Tcrtb
Tcrtb ch Abxbt y
▧ Imetce
Imetceo
o pcf
pcfc
c jntcj
jntcj rmhmcs
rmhmcsm
m ue
uetuj
tuj knkme (Knkme
(Knkme Kbenr
Kbenr fce
fce Knkme
Knkme Kcgnr)
Kcgnr)
▧ Jhbj Cp
 Cpph
ph y
▧ Jhbj NJ

Fbchno Lnx Cssb oe Arckm \

\mhmc
mhmcsms
sms cef Tcrtbch Abxbt y

Ocklcr
Ocklcr Tmrknfmhce
Tmrknfmhce smtm
smtmhc`
hc` fblmrb \m
\mhmc
hmcsm
sm Knkmet
 9F V\]YY 3=6

CYYBOE Y]TTN\V

▧ Jhbj Cs
 Cssb
sb oe 5 Gnbet 5 \mstrcbets
▧ Tb
Tbhb
hb`
` gm
gmeb
ebs
s tukpuce pbeemf
tukpuce
▧ Ymhmit gnbet yceo cjce fbgcfbjce tukpuce
▧ Jhbj Cp
 Cpph
ph y
▧ ]h
]hce
ceob
ob hc
hceo
eojc
jc`
` fbct
fbctcs
cs uetu
uetuj
j tu
tukpu
kpuce
ce rn
rnhh
hh
▧ Jhbj Cp
 Cpph
ph y
▧ Jhbj NJ

Fbchno Lnx Cssboe Gnbet \mstrcbet

Ocklcr
Ocklcr \c
\ceojc
eojc Gmklc
Gmklctce
tce Fm
Fmeoce
eoce Vukpuce
Vukpuce Ym
Ymefb-rnhh
efb-rnhh

Ym
Ymtm
tmhc
hc`
` kmklm
kmklmrb
rbjce
jce tu
tukp
kpuc
uce
e smhc
smhceg
egut
utjce
jce fbhc
fbhcju
jujce
jce pm
pmef
efma
mabe
bebs
bsbc
bce
e lm
lmlc
lce
e yceo
yceo lm
lmjmr
jmrgc
gc
pcfc
pcfc rce
rceojc
ojc gmkl
gmklctc
ctce.
e.
 9F V\]YY 3==

F\C_ MHMKMV

▧ Jhbj Fmabem Kmeu 5 Hncf Tcttmres

▧ Tcfc Hncf Tcttm
Tcttmre
re Eckm
Eckm lmrbjce
lmrbjce eckc smsucb pcfc lmlce yceo
yceo fbrme
fbrmeicecjc
icecjce
e
▧ Vypm
Vypm smsuc
smsucbjce
bjce fmeoce
fmeoce tbpm
tbpm fcrb
fcrb lmlce
lmlce yceo
yceo fbrm
fbrmeic
eicecjc
ecjce
e
▧ Jhbj Cf
 Cfff Emw Hncf
H ncf Tctt mre
▧ ]h
]hce
ceob
ob hceo
hceojc`
jc` fbct
fbctcs
cs uetu
uetuj
j smtb
smtbcp
cp gmeb
gmebs
s lmlc
lmlce
e
▧ Jhbj ‘
 ‘NJ
NJ‛‛

Fbchno Lnx Fmabem Hncf Tcttmres

Ym
Ymtm
tmhc
hc`
` kmef
kmefma
mabe
bebs
bsbj
bjce
ce lmlc
lmlce
e fbhc
fbhcju
jujc
jce
e pmem
pmemet
etuc
uce
e jn
jnklb
klbec
ecsb
sb pm
pmklm
klmlc
lcec
ece
e yceo
yceo cjce
cjce
lmjmrgc
lmjmrgc pcfc
pcfc stru
strujtu
jtur.
r.
 9F V\]YY 3=1

FMABEM HNCF INKLBECVBNE

▧ Jhbj Fmabem 5 Hncf Inklbectbnes

▧ Jhbj Cf
 Cfff Emw Inkl
In kl n
▧ Vypm
Vypm smsucb
smsucbjce
jce fme
fmeoce
oce tbpm
tbpm fcrb
fcrb lmlce
lmlce yceo
yceo fbrmei
fbrmeicec
cecjce
jce..
▧
Jhbj Cf
 Cfff Emw Hncf
H ncf Tctt mre

Fbchno Lnx Hncf Inklbectbn e Fc

Fctc
tc

▧
Lmrbjc
Lmrbjce
e eckc Jnk
Jnklbe
lbecsb
csb Tmklml
Tmklmlcece6 sms
cece smsucb
ucb fme
fmeoce
oce pmrmei
pmrmeicec
cecce.
ce.
▧ Tbhb` Hncf Icsm yceo fbrmeicecjce
▧ Beput
Beput fctc Yichm
Yichm Acjtnr
Acjtnr lmrfcs
lmrfcscr
cr ebhcb
ebhcb acjtnr
acjtnr fcrb
fcrb pmrctu
pmrcturce
rce** yceo
yceo lmrhcj
lmrhcju.
u.
▧ Jhbj Cf
 Cfff
▧ Jhbj NJ
▧ ]hceob
]hceob hce
hceojc`
ojc` fbctcs
fbctcs pcfc
pcfc smtb
smtbcp
cp jnklbec
jnklbecsb
sb pmklmlc
pmklmlcece
ece..

Fbchno Lnx Hncf Inklbectbn e Fc

Fctc
tc
 6Jnk
Jnklbe
lbecsb
csb Tmklmlce
Tmklmlcece
ce fcpc
fcpctt fbhb
fbhb`ct
`ct pcfc YEB 3?<?7 <439
pcfc

9F V\]YY 3=?

CYYBOE HNCF

Bean Lmlce
FH 7 Ymhawmbo`t
7 Lmlce Tmhct Hcetc
Hcetc,, \cbhbeo,
\cbhbeo,
Tbpc, fce Jclmh
HH
7 Lmlce Jmrgc

Ymk
mku
uc lm
lml
lce yce
ceo
o lm
lmjm
jmrrgc pc
pcf
fc pm
pmrk
rknf
nfmh
mhce
ce fb
fbcs
csu
uks
ksbbjc
jce
e lml
mlce
ce tb
tbtb
tbj,
j, km
kme
eob
obeo
eoct
ct fc
fchc
hck
k
jmrg
jmrgc
c sb
sbst
stmk
mk st
stru
rujt
jtur
ur rc
rceo
eojc
jc lm
lmlc
lce
e lm
lmjm
jmrg
rgc
c pc
pcfc
fc tb
tbtb
tbj
j lu
lu`u
`uhh fm
fmeo
eoce
ce sc
sckl
klue
ueoc
oce
e pm
pmhc
hctt lu
lu`u
`uh/
h/

ouss
oussmt
mt sm
sm`b
`beo
eooc
oc tb
tbfc
fcj
j tm
tmrf
rfcp
cpct
ct knk
knkme
me pc
pcfc
fc tb
tbtb
tbj
j lu
lu`u
`uh.
h.

Tcfc
Tcfc jc
jcsu
sus
s be
bebb lm
lmlc
lce
e `b
`bfu
fup
p pm
pmjm
jmrg
rgc(
c(HH
HH)) tm
tmrg
rgcf
cfbb pc
pcfc
fc gn
gnbe
bett ct
ctcs
cs gm
gmkl
klct
ctce
ce.. Fc
Fce
e kc
kctb
tb tc
tckl
klc`
c`ce
ce
lmru
lmrup
pc pm
pmhhct
ct,, rc
rcbh
bhbbeo
eo,, pb
pbpc
pc fc
fce
e jc
jcl
lmh tm
tmrg
rgcf
cfbb pc
pcfc
fc gn
gnbbet lc
lcob
obce
ce lc
lcw
wc`
c`.. Lm
Lmrf
rfcs
cscr
cr lm
lmlc
lce
e yceo
yceo
lmjmrgc
lmjmrgc pcfc
pcfc pmr
pmrknfm
knfmhce
hce strujtu
strujturr kcjce jnklbec
jnklbecsb
sb pmklmlc
pmklmlcece
ece fbouec
fbouecjce
jce ycbtu
ycbtu77
▧ 3.6 F
▧ 3.< F + 3.1 H

Jmkufb
Jmkufbce
ce fbhcjuj
fbhcjujce
ce pmkl
pmklmrb
mrbce
ce lml
lmlce
ce yceo
yceo lmjmrgc
lmjmrgc pcfc
pcfc pmrknfmhc
pmrknfmhce
e strujtu
strujtur.
r.
 9F V\]YY 3=0

MFBV MHMKMEV

▧ Ymhmit
Ymhmit smhuru`
smhuru` rceojc
▧ Jhbj Mfbt Kmeu 5 \mphbictm
▧ Tbhb`
Tbhb` gmefmhc
gmefmhc Hbemcr,
Hbemcr, pbhb`
pbhb` Tbij Vwn T
Tnbet
nbet ne K
Knfmh
nfmh
▧ Vcrbj
Vcrbj oc
ocrbs
rbs pcfc
pcfc hmklcr
hmklcr jmrgc
jmrgc suklu
suklu y, fcrb
fcrb pnbet
pnbet o
orbf
rbf 3 jm pnbet
pnbet orbf
orbf <
▧ Ebhcb pcfc Beirmkmet ntnkctb
ntnkctbs
s tmrjchjuhcsb
tmrjchjuhcsb
▧ Jhbj Cp
 Cpph
ph y
▧ Jhbj NJ

Fbchno Lnx \mphbictm

Ocklcr
Ocklcr Jneabourcsb Gmklc
Gmklctce
tce fb fuphbjc
fuphbjcsb
sb

\ceo
\ceojc
jc yceo
yceo fbfu
fbfuph
phbj
bjcs
csbb tb
tbfc
fcj
j pmrh
pmrhu
u fblm
fblmrb
rbjc
jce
e tu
tukpu
kpuce
ce fc
fce
e lm
lmlc
lce
e hc
hcob
ob,, jcrme
jcrmec
c pc
pcfc
fc pm
pmrb
rbet
etc`
c`
\mph
\mphbi
bict
ctm
m gu
guoc
oc kmefu
kmefuph
phbj
bjcs
csbb tu
tukpu
kpuce
ce fce
fce lmlc
lmlce
e yceo
ceo tm
tmhc
hc`
` fb
fblm
lmrb
rb sml
smlmh
mhuke
ukey
yc.
 9F V\]YY 3=2

F\C_ MHMKMV

▧ Jhbj Frcw 5 Frcw Arckm/Iclhm/Vmefne

Arckm/Iclhm/Vmefne ctcu jhbj bjne pcfc tnnhlcr
tnnhlcr smlmhc`
smlmhc` jbrb
▧ Tcstbj
Tcstbjce
ce kmeoock
kmeoocklcr
lcr pcfc
pcfc lbfceo
lbfceo P-W

Subij Frcw Kmeu

Frcw Kmeu

▧ Hbem Nlgmit Vypm lmrupc

lmrupc lctceo hurus (Ytrcbo`t
(Ytrcbo`t Arckm)
▧ Tbh
Tbhb`
b` Ymitbn
Ymitbne
e smsuc
smsucbb pmeckpc
pmeckpceo
eo yc
yceo
eo cjce fbocklc
fbocklcr.
r.
▧ Ocklcrjce
Ocklcrjce lctceo
lctceo pcfc orbf yceo
yceo tm
tmhc`
hc` fbfms
fbfmscbe.
cbe.
▧ Hmeojcpbb rceojc pcfc pmrknfm
Hmeojcp pmrknfmhce.
hce.

Oc
Ocklcr
klcr Tmeoocklcrce
Tmeoocklcrce Mhmkme
Mhmkme \c
\ceojc
eojc
 9F V\]YY 314

F\C_ MHMKMV

▧ Ymhmit
Ymhmit \ce
\ceojc
ojc Gmkl
Gmklctc
ctce
e yc
yceo
eo lcru fbo
fbocklc
cklcr 
r 
▧ Jhbj Css
Jhbj  Css bo e Kmeu 5 Arckm 5 \mhm
\mhmcsm/
csm/ Tc
Tcrtbch
rtbch Abxbty
▧ Imetce
Imetceo
o pcf
pcfc
c jntcj
jntcj rmhmcs
rmhmcsm
m ue
uetuj
tuj knkme (Knkme
(Knkme Kbenr
Kbenr fce
fce Knkme
Knkme Kcgnr)
Kcgnr)
▧ Jhbj Cp
 Cpph
ph y
▧ Jhbj NJ

Fbchno Lnx Cssb oe Arckm \

\mhmc
mhmcsms
sms cef Tcrtbch Abxbt y

Ocklcr
Ocklcr Tmrknfmhce
Tmrknfmhce smtm
smtmhc`
hc` fblmrb \m
\mhmc
hmcsm
sm Knkmet
 9F V\]YY 313

\ ] E C E C HR Y B Y

▧ Jhbj Ce
 Cechy
chy zm Kme u 5 Ymt
Ymt Cechysbs Nptbne s
▧ Tb
Tbhb
hb`
` Yp
Ypim
im Vruss
Vruss (jcsus
(jcsus pmknf
pmknfmh
mhce
ce rce
rceojc
ojc 9F
9F))
▧ Jh
Jhbj
bj NJ

Fbchno Lnx Cechysbs Nptbnes

▧ Jhbj Cech
Cechyz
yzm
m 5 \ue Cechy
Cechysbs,
sbs, ctcu
ctcu fmeoce
fmeoce s`nrtiut
s`nrtiut jhbj
jhbj A= pcfc
pcfc jmylncrf
jmylncrf
▧ Tcfc
Tcfc jcsus KNFCH,
KNFCH, tb
tbfcj
fcj pmr
pmrhu
hu fb Cec
Cechbs
hbsc
c sm`b
sm`beoo
eooc
c jhbj
jhbj KNFCH
KNFCH pcfc
pcfc tclmh
tclmh
▧ Jhbj \ue/F
\ue/Fn
n Ent \ue Icsm
Icsm
▧ Jhb
Jhbj
j \ue Enw

Fbchno Lnx Ymt Hn cf Icsm

Icsms
s tn \ue
 9F V\]YY 31<

YV]FR ICYM 1 LBHHLNC\F A\CKM

3,= k 3,= k 3,= k 3,= k 3,= k 3,= k 3,= k 3,= k 4,?= k 4,?= k

  k
   =
 ,
   3
  k
   =
 ,
   3
  k
   =
 ,
   3
  k
   =
 ,
   3
  k
   =
 ,
   3

  k
   ?

Bean Knfmh Bean Tm

Tmeckpceo
eckpceo
Gmebs strujtur 7 \ceojc Lcgc
7 Tbpc 644.3<,?
Au
Aueo
eosb
sb Lceo
Lceoue
uece
ce 7 Lbh
Lbhhl
hlnc
ncrf
rf Arc
Arckm
km 7 H94.94.6
Vukpuce 7 Gmpbt 7 _A 3=4.?=.=.?

Tmklmlcece
Kutu Kctmrbc
Kctmrbchh
FH 7 - Jn
Jnkpneme Ytrujtur  
Kutu Lcgc 7 LG 9?
- Tc
Tcpc
pce
e Lbhh
Lbhhln
lncr
crf
f
ay 7 <64 Kpc
H 7 21 jo
au 7 9?4 Kpc
_ 7 94 jo
 LBHHL NC\F A\CKM
A\CKM 319

I\MCVM T\NGMIV ABHM

▧ Jhbj Ab hm
hm Kmeu 5 Emw Knfm
nfmhh , ctcu tmjce Itrh + E. Kcjc cjce jmhucr tckpbhce
smpm
smpmrt
rtbb ocklc
ocklcrr fblc
fblcwc
wc`
` beb.
beb.

Fbchno Lnx Emw Knfmh

▧ Vmetu
Vmetujce
jce ]ebt
]ebt yceo
ceo cjce
cjce fbou
fbouec
ecjce
jce
▧ Tbh
Tbhb` Vmkphctm ‘9F Arckm‛
b` Vmkphctm
▧ Tb
Tbhb
hb`
` 9F Ar
Arck
ckm
m Vy
Vypm
pm ; Npme
Npme Ar
Arck
ckm
m Lu
Lubh
bhfb
fbeo
eo
▧ Imet
Imetce
ceo
o pcfc
pcfc jnt
jntcj
cj ]sm
]sm Iu
Iust
stnk
nk Or
Orbf
bf Yp
Ypci
cibe
beo
o ce
cef
f Hn
Hnic
ictm
tm Nrbob
Nrbobe*
e*
▧ Jh
Jhbj
bj Mf
Mfbt
bt Orbf
Orbf

Fbchno Lnx 9F Arckm

 LBHHL NC\F A\CKM
A\CKM 316

I\MCVM T\NGMIV ABHM

Jmkufbc
Jmkufbce
e knfbabjc
knfbabjcsb
sb gcrcj
gcrcj pcfc
pcfc lmetce
lmetceo
o sms
smsucb
ucb crc
crc`
` orb
orbf
f fce fmeoc
fmeoce
e fctc
fctc pmrmei
pmrmeicec
cecce
ce
fchck
fchck gmefmh
gmefmhc
c Fmabem
Fmabem Orbf
Orbf Yystm
Yystmk
k Fctc smpmrtb
smpmrtb pcfc
pcfc ocklcr
ocklcr fblcw
fblcwc`
c` beb
beb..

Fbchno Lnx Fmabem Orbf Yystmk Fctc

▧ Fbsphcy Orbf cs ; Ypcibeo

▧ Tcstbjc
Tcstbjce
e fctc
fctc fbbepu
fbbeputt smsucb
smsucb fme
fmeoce
oce ]eb
]ebts!
ts!
▧ Jhbj ‘
 ‘NJ
NJ‛‛
▧ Kcjc
Kcjc cjce
cjce kueiu
kueiuhh hmklc
hmklcrr jmrgc
jmrgc smpm
smpmrtb
rtb pcfc
pcfc o
ockl
cklcr
cr fb
fblc
lcwc
wc`
`

Hmklcrr Jmrgc fmeoce

Hmklc fmeoce Ocklcr
Ocklcr Tmrknfmhce
Tmrknfmhce Cwch
 LBHHL NC\F A\CKM
A\CKM 31=

I\MCVM T\NGMIV ABHM

▧ Jhbj Fm
Fmabem
abem Kmeu
Kmeu 5 Kctmrbchs
▧ Tb
Tbh`
h` Kctmrb
Kctmrbch
ch C22
C22<Ay
<Ay=4
=4
▧ Jhbj Cf
 Cfff Inp y na Kctmr bch

Fbchno Lnx Fmabem Kctmrbch

▧ Lmrb Eckc Kctmrbch

Kctmrbch smsucb
smsucb fmeoc
fmeoce
e
rmeicec
▧ Fbsphcy Inhnr fbtmetujce
fbtmetujce nhm` usmr
(nptbnech)
▧ Lmrct
Lmrct pmr vn
vnhukm
hukm l
lcgc
cgc ; ?0=4 jo/k9
jo/k
▧ Knfuhus
Knfuhus Mhcstbsbtcs
Mhcstbsbtcs Lmtn
Lmtne,
e, Ms ;
<44444 KTc
▧ Ay ; <64 Kpc (E/kk<)
▧ Au ; 9?4 Kpc (E/kk<)
(E/kk
▧ Aym
Aym ; <6
<64
4 Kpc
Kpc x 3.
3.3*
3*
▧ Aum
Aum ; <
<64
64 Kpc
Kpc x 3.3*
3.3*
▧ Tcstbj
Tcstbjce
ce fctc
fctc fbbepu
fbbeputt smsucb
smsucb fme
fmeoce
oce
]ebts
▧ Jh
Jhbj
bj NJ

Fbchno Lnx Kctmrbch Trnpmrty Fctc

 *Ebhcb
*Ebhcb acjtn
acjtnrr fbpmr
fbpmrnhm`
nhm` fcrb AMKC 9=1 pcfc tclmh =-9

LBHHL NC\F A\CKM

A\CKM 311

FMABEM YMIVBNE T\NTM\VBMY

▧ Jhbj Fm
Fmabem
abem Kmeu
Kmeu 5 Ymitbne
Ymitbne Trnpmrtbms
Trnpmrtbms 5 Arc
Arckm
km Ymitbnes
Ymitbnes
▧ Jhbj Cf
 Cfff Emw Trn pmr ty

Fbchno Lnx Arckm Trnpmrtbms

▧ Tbhb`
Tbhb` Arckm Ym
Ymitbne
itbne Trnpmrt
Trnpmrty
y Vypm kmegcfb
kmegcfb Ytmmh
▧ Jhbj pmeckpc
pmeckpceo
eo Ceohm
Ceohm Ymitbne
Ymitbne

Fbchno Lnx Cff Arckm Ymitbne Trnpmrty

 LBHHL NC\F A\CKM
A\CKM 31?

FMABEM YMIVBNE T\NTM\VBMY

▧ Lm
Lmrb
rb Eckc
Eckc smsu
smsucb
cb fmeo
fmeoce
ce pmec
pmeckpc
kpceo
eo
▧ Beput
Beput fbk
fbkmes
mesbb mhmkme
mhmkme lmr
lmrfcs
fcscr
cr spmsba
spmsbabjc
bjcsb
sb pmeckpc
pmeckpceo
eo
▧ Tb
Tbhb
hb`
` kctmr
kctmrbc
bchh smsu
smsucb
cb yceo
yceo tm
tmhc
hc`
` fbrm
fbrmei
eice
cecjc
cjce
e
▧ Jh
Jhbj
bj NJ
▧ ]hceob
]hceob hceojc`
hceojc` fbctcs
fbctcs uet
uetuj
uj pmrmei
pmrmeicec
cecce
ce pmeckpc
pmeckpceo
eo hcb
hcbeey
eeyc
c

Fbchno Lnx Ymitbne

 LBHHL NC\F A\CKM
A\CKM 310

F\C_ MHMKMV
▧ Jhbj Frcw 5 Frcw Arckm/Iclhm/Vmefne
Arckm/Iclhm/Vmefne ctcu jhbj bjne pcfc tnnhlcr
tnnhlcr smlmhc`
smlmhc` jbrb
▧ Tcstbj
Tcstbjce
ce kmeoock
kmeoocklcr
lcr pcfc
pcfc lbfceo
lbfceo P-W

Trnpmrtbms na Nlgmit
Subij Frcw Kmeu

Frcw Kmeu

▧ Hbem Nlgmit Vypm lmrupc

lmrupc lctceo hurus (Ytrcbo`t
(Ytrcbo`t Arckm)
▧ Tbh
Tbhb`
b` Ymitbn
Ymitbne
e smsuc
smsucbb pmeckpc
pmeckpceo
eo yc
yceo
eo cjce Fbocklc
Fbocklcr 
r 
▧ Ocklcrjce
Ocklcrjce lctceo
lctceo pcfc orbf yceo
yceo tm
tmhc`
hc` fbfms
fbfmscbe
cbe

Ocklcrr Tmeoocklcrce
Ocklc Tmeoocklcrce Vbceo
 LBHHL NC\F A\CKM
A\CKM 312

MFBV MHMKMEV

▧ Ymhmit
Ymhmit smhuru`
smhuru` rceojc
▧ Jhbj Mfbt Kmeu 5 \mphbictm
▧ Tbhb`
Tbhb` gmefmhc
gmefmhc Hbemcr,
Hbemcr, pbhb`
pbhb` Tbij Vwn T
Tnbet
nbet ne K
Knfmh
nfmh
▧ Vcrbj
Vcrbj oc
ocrbs
rbs pcfc
pcfc hmklcr
hmklcr jmrgc
jmrgc suklu
suklu y, fcrb
fcrb pnbet
pnbet o
orbf
rbf 3 jm pnbet
pnbet orbf
orbf <
▧ Ebhcb pcfc Beirmkmet ntnkctb
ntnkctbs
s tmrjchjuhcsb
tmrjchjuhcsb
▧ Jhbj Cp
 Cpph
ph y
▧ Jhbj NJ

Fbchno Lnx \mphbictm

Ocklcr Arckm yceo tmhc` fb fuphbjcsb

 LBHHL NC\F A\CKM
A\CKM 3?4

F\C_ MHMKMV

▧ Jhbj Frcw 5 Frcw Arckm/Iclhm/Vmefne

Arckm/Iclhm/Vmefne ctcu jhbj bjne pcfc tnnhlcr
tnnhlcr smlmhc`
smlmhc` jbrb
▧ Tcstbj
Tcstbjce
ce kmeoock
kmeoocklcr
lcr pcfc
pcfc lbfceo
lbfceo P-W

Subij Frcw Kmeu

Frcw Kmeu

▧ Hbem Nlgmit Vypm lmrupc

lmrupc lctceo hurus (Ytrcbo`t
(Ytrcbo`t Arckm)
▧ Tbh
Tbhb`
b` Ymitbn
Ymitbne
e smsuc
smsucbb pmeckpc
pmeckpceo
eo yc
yceo
eo cjce fbocklc
fbocklcr.
r.
▧ Ocklcrjce
Ocklcrjce lctceo
lctceo pcfc orbf yceo
yceo tm
tmhc`
hc` fbfms
fbfmscbe.
cbe.
▧ Hmeojcpbb rceojc pcfc pmrknfm
Hmeojcp pmrknfmhce.
hce.

Oc
Ocklcr
klcr Tmeoocklcrce
Tmeoocklcrce Mhmkme
Mhmkme \c
\ceojc
eojc
 LBHHL NC\F A\CKM
A\CKM 3?3

CYYBOE Y]TTN\V

▧ Jhbj Cs
 Cssb
sb oe 5 Gnbet 5 \mstrcbets
▧ Tb
Tbhb
hb`
` gm
gmeb
ebs
s tukpu
tukpuce
ce abxmf
▧ Ymhmit gnbet
Ymhmit gnbet yceo cjce fbgcfbjce tukpuce
▧ Jhbj Cp
 Cpph
ph y
▧ Jhbj NJ

Fbchno Lnx Cssboe Gnbet \mstrcbet

Ocklcr
Ocklcr A
Arckm
rckm fmeoce
fmeoce tukpuce Gmpbt

Ym
Ymtm
tmhc
hc`
` kmklm
kmklmrb
rbjc
jce
e tu
tukp
kpuc
uce
e smhc
smhceg
egut
utjc
jce
e fbhc
fbhcju
jujce
jce pm
pmknf
knfmh
mhce
ce lm
lmrb
rbjut
jutey
eyc
c fc
fce
e pm
pmef
efma
mabe
bebs
bsbc
bce
e
lmlce.
 LBHHL NC\F A\CKM
A\CKM 3?<

FMABEM HNCF TCVVM\E

▧ Jhbj Fmabem 5 Hncf Inklbectbnes

▧ Jhbj Cf
 Cfff Emw Inkl
In kl n
▧ Vypm
Vypm smsuc
smsucbjce
bjce fmeoce
fmeoce tbp
tbpm
m fcrb
fcrb lmlce
lmlce yc
yceo
eo fbrm
fbrmeic
eicecjc
ecjce
e
▧ Jhbj Cf
 Cfff Emw Hncf
H ncf Tctt mre

Fbchno Lnx Fmabem Hncf Tcttmres

▧
Lmrbjce
Lmrbjc e eckc Jnkl
Jnklbec
becsb
sb Tmk
Tmklml
lmlcece6 sms
cece smsucb
ucb fme
fmeoce
oce pmrmei
pmrmeicec
cecce.
ce.
▧ Tbhb` Hncf Icsm yceo fbrmeicecjce
▧ Beput
Beput fctc Yichm
Yichm Acjtnr
Acjtnr lmrfcs
lmrfcscr
cr ebhcb
ebhcb acjtnr
acjtnr fcrb
fcrb pmrctu
pmrcturce
rce** yceo lmrhcju
lmrhcju
▧ Jhbj Cf
 Cfff
▧ Jhbj NJ
▧ ]hceob
]hceob hce
hceojc`
ojc` fbctcs
fbctcs pcfc
pcfc smtb
smtbcp
cp jnklbec
jnklbecsb
sb pmklmlc
pmklmlcece
ece

Fbchno Lnx Hncf Inklbectbne Fctc

 6Jnk
Jnklbe
lbecsb
csb Tmklml
Tmklmlcece
cece fcp
fcpct
ct fbhb`ct pcfc YEB 3?<?7 <439
fbhb`ct

LBHHL NC\F A\CKM

A\CKM 3?9

CYYBOE HNCF

_p _f

_p _f

_p _f

_p _f

_p _f

_p _f

Bean Lmlce
FH 7 Ymhawmbo`t
7 Lmlce
Lmlce Hcpbsc
Hcpbsce
e Tme
Tmeutu
utup,
p, lcobc
lcobce
e ctc
ctcs
s 94 jo fce
fce lcwc`
lcwc` 6= jo.
HH
7 Lmlce
Lmlce Tmjmrgc
Tmjmrgc (21 jo)
_H
7 Lmlce Ceob
Ceobe
e (_f;9< jo, _p; 36 jo)

Ymk
mku
uc lm
lmlc
lce
e yce
ceo
o lm
lmjm
jmrg
rgc
c pc
pcfc
fc pmr
mrkn
knf
fmh
mhce
ce fb
fbcs
csuk
uksb
sbjc
jce
e lml
mlce
ce tbt
btbbj, km
kme
eob
obeo
eoct
ct fc
fchc
hck
k
jmrg
jmrgc
c sb
sbst
stmk
mk st
stru
rujt
jtur
ur rc
rceo
eojc
jc lm
lmlc
lce
e lm
lmjm
jmrgc
rgc pc
pcfc
fc tb
tbtb
tbj
j lu
lu`u
`uhh fm
fmeo
eoce
ce sc
scklu
klueo
eoce
ce pm
pmhc
hctt lu
lu`u
`uh/
h/
ouss
oussmt
mt sm
sm`b
`beo
eooc
oc tb
tbfc
fcj
j tm
tmrf
rfcp
cpct
ct knk
knkme
me pc
pcfc
fc tb
tbtb
tbj
j lu
lu`u
`uh.
h.

Tcfc jc
jcs
sus beb lmlce `bfup pmjm
jmrrgc
gc((HH) tmrgcfb pcfc gnbet ctcs rceojc. Lm
Lmrf
rfcs
cscr
cr lm
lmlc
lce
e
yc
yceo
eo lmjmrgc
lmjmrgc pcfc
pcfc pmr
pmrknfm
knfmhce
hce stru
strujtur
jtur kcjce jnklbec
jnklbecsb
sb pmklmlc
pmklmlcece
ece fbouec
fbouecjce
jce ycbtu
ycbtu77
▧ 3.6 F
▧ 3.< F + 3.1 H +4.= _
▧ 4,2F +3.4 _

Jmkufb
Jmkufbce
ce fbhcju
fbhcjujce
jce pmkl
pmklmrb
mrbce
ce lml
lmlce
ce yc
yceo
eo lmjmrgc
lmjmrgc pcfc
pcfc pmrknfmhc
pmrknfmhce
e strujtu
strujtur.
r.
 LBHHL NC\F A\CKM
A\CKM 3?6

\ ] E C E C HR Y B Y

▧ Jhbj Ce
 Cechy
chy zm Kme u 5 Ymt
Ymt Cechysbs Nptbne s
▧ Tbh
Tbhb`
b` Ypim
Ypim Arckm
Arckm (jcsus
(jcsus pmknfmh
pmknfmhce
ce pnrtch
pnrtch 9F)
▧ Jh
Jhbj
bj NJ

Fbchno Lnx Cechysbs Nptbnes

▧ Jhbj Cech
Cechyz
yzm
m 5 \ue Cechy
Cechysbs,
sbs, ctcu
ctcu fmeoce
fmeoce s`nrtiut
s`nrtiut jhbj
jhbj A= pcfc
pcfc jmylncrf
jmylncrf
▧ Tcfc
Tcfc jcsus KNFCH,
KNFCH, tb
tbfcj
fcj pmr
pmrhu
hu fb Cec
Cechbs
hbsc
c sm`b
sm`beoo
eooc
c jhbj
jhbj KNFCH
KNFCH pcfc
pcfc tclmh
tclmh
▧ Jhbj \ue/F
\ue/Fn
n Ent \ue Icsm
Icsm
▧ Jhb
Jhbj
j \ue Enw

Fbchno Lnx Ymt Hn cf Icsm

Icsms
s tn \ue
 LBHHL NC\F A\CKM
A\CKM 3?=

CYYMYYKMEV 43
9F OCLHM A\CKM
 

CYYMYYKMEV 43

3k
Turhbe
I 3<4.=4.9,3   k
   0
 .
   3

Ene Trbskctbi B_A

=44.3=4.1,=.2 s/f 944.3=4

Jnhnk   k
   =
_A 944.3=4.1,=.2

3k 3k

2k 2k

6.= k
\nna Lrcibeo
\nf ð 3<

6.= k

Turhbe
I 3<4.=4.9,3
6.= k

Oclhm 6.= k
Ene Trbskctbi B_A
P

1k 1k 1k 1k 1k R

Turhbe
I 3<4.=4.<4.9,3 3.0 k

_chh Lrcibeo
\nf ð 3<kk

Jnhnk =k
W
_A 944.3=4.1,=.2

R
1k 1k 1k 1k 1k
  CYYMYYKMEV 3 3??

CYYMYYKMEV 43

Bean Knfmh Bean Lmlce

Gmebs Yt
Y trujtur 7 Oclhm Arckm Ytmmh Lmlce Kctb 7 Ymhawmbo`t
Jctmonrb Lceouece 7 Vm
Vmrlujc Lmlce Cbr @ugce 7 Vmlch 9 kk (Csuksb)

Lmlce Tm
Tmeutup Ctcp 7 <4
<4jo/k
Bean Kctmbch Lmlce @bfup Ct
C tcp 7 21 jo.k<
Kutu Lc
Lcgc 7 LG 9? Lmlce Ceobe 7 Hb`ct Fb
Fbocklcr
ay ; <64
<64 KTc
KTc
au ; 9?4 KTc Jnklbecsb
Jnklbecsb Lmlce
M ; <44444 KTc 3.6F
3.<F + 3.1Hr + 4.=_
3.<F + 3.1\ + 4.=_
3.<F + 3.4_ + 4.=Hr
4.2F + 3.4_

04 jo 0 4 jo 0 4 jo 04 jo 04 jo 04 jo

1= jo 3<0 jo

?< jo 391 jo

1= jo 3<0 jo

P 61 jo 61 jo 61 jo 6 1 jo 61 jo 61 jo

391 jo
?< jo

3<0 jo
1= jo

Yjmkc Tmklml
Tmklmlcece
cece Ytrujtur
Ytrujtur fmeoce Lmlce Ceobe
  CYYMYYKMEV 3 3?0

CYYMYYKMEV 4<
9F OCLHM A\CKM
 

CYYMYYKMEV 43

1.4 k

1.4 k

1.4 k

1.4 k

1.4 k

1.4 k
R

1.4 k 1.4 k 1.4 k 1.4 k 1.4 k 1.4 k 1.4 k 1.4 k 1.4 k 1.4 k
P

9.0 k

9.0 k

9.0 k

9.0 k

9.0 k
W

1.4 k 1.4 k 1.4 k 1.4 k 1.4 k 1.4 k 1.4 k 1.4 k 1.4 k 1.4 k
P

Bean Knfmh Bean Lmlce

Gmebs Yt
Ytrujtur 7 Ytrujtur Lc
Lcgc Lmlce Kctb 7 Ymhawmbo`t
Aueosb Lceouece 7 Tc
Tcrjbrce Jm
J mefcrcce Lmlce Cbr @ugce 7 Vmlch 34 kk (Csuksb)
Lmlce
Lmlce Fbefbe
Fbefbeo
o smt
smtmeo
meoc`
c` 7 344jo/k
344jo/k
Bean Kctmbch Lmlce Aueosb 7 <=4 jo/k<
Kutu Lc
Lcgc 7 LG 9?

Bean Tmeckpceo Jnklbecsb

Jnklbecsb Lmlce
Jnhnk 7 @L 944x944 3.6F
Lchnj Befuj 7 B_A 9=4x3?= 3.<F + 3.1Hr + 4.=_
Lchnj Cecj 7 B_A 944x3=4 3.<F + 3.1\ + 4.=_
Ahnnrfmij 7 Lnefmj t ; 3=4kk
  CYYMYYKMEV < 304

\MAAM\MEIM

IYB Ytruiturch cef Mcrt`qucjm Meobemmrbeo Ynatwcrm, <43?. Betrnfuitnry Vutnrbch anr
YCT<44
YCT<444®
4® Hbemcr
Hbemcr cef Enehbemcr Ytctbi cef Fyeckbi C echysbs cef Fmsboe na V`rmm-
Fbkmesbnech Ytruiturms . ]YC7 Inkputmrs & Ytruiturms, Bei.

IYB Ytruiturch cef Mcrt`qucjm Meobemmrbeo Ynatwcrm, <43?. IYB Cechysbs \mamrmeim
Kceuch
Kceuch anr YCT<44,
YCT<44, MVCLY,
MVCLY, YCAM, cef
cef IYbLr bfo m. ]YC7 Inkputmrs & Ytruiturms, Bei.

AMKC 9=1, <444. Trmstc

Trmstcefcrf
efcrf cef I
Inkkmetcry
nkkmetcry anr V`m Y
Ymbskbi
mbskbi \m`clbhbtctbne
\m`clbhbtctbne na

Luhfbeo . _cs`beotne, F.I.7 Amfmrch Mkmromeiy Kcecomkmet Comeiy.

YEB 3?<=, <431. Tmklm

Tmklmlc
lcec
ece
e uetuj Gm
Gmklc
klctce . Befnemsbc7 Lcfce Ytcefcrbscsb Ecsbnech
tce

YEB 3?<1, <432. Vctc

Vctc Icrc
crc Tm
Tmrm
rmeic
eicec
ecce
ce Jm
Jmtc
tc`c
`ce
e Om
Omkpc
kpc uetuj Ytrujtur
Ytrujtur Lceouec
Lceouece
e
Omfueo
Omfueo fce Ene Omfueo . Befnemsbc7
Befnemsbc7 Lcfce Ytcefcrbscsb
Ytcefcrbscsb Ecsbnech

YEB 3?<?, <439. Lmlc

Lmlce
e Kbebkuk
Kbebkuk uetuj Tm
Tmrceic
rceiceoce
eoce Lceouece
Lceouece Omfueo
Omfueo fce
fce
Ytrujtur
Ytrujtur Hcbe
Hcbe . Befnemsbc7 Lcfce Ytcefcrbscsb Ecsbnech

YEB <06?, <432. Tm

Tmrsyc
rsycrc
rctc
tce
e Lmtne
Lmtne Ytr
Ytrujturc
ujturchh uetuj Lceouec
Lceouece Omfueo. Befnemsbc7
e Omfueo
Lcfce
Lcfce Ytcefcrbscs
Ytcefcrbscsbb Ecsbnech
Ecsbnech
 \MAAM\MEIM 303

‘Fch
Fchck
ck fuebc
fuebc yceo
yceo sufc`
sufc` kmk
kmkcsu csujbjb mrc rmvnhu
rmvnhusb
sb befust
befustrb
rb 6.4 beb kcjc sufc`
sufc` kme
kmegcf
gcfbb
jmwcgb
jmw cgblce
lce lcob
lcob smtbcp
smtbcp str
struit
uiturc
urchh meobemmr
meobemmr uetuj
uetuj kmeouc
kmeoucscbscb snatwc
snatwcrm
rm tmjebj
tmjebj sbpbh,
sbpbh,
ec
ecku
kue e `c
`chh pm
pmet
etbe
beo
o yceo
yceo `c
`cru
rus
s fbfbbe
beoc
octt cf
cfchc` snatwc
chc` snatwcrm
rm `ceyc
`ceyc chcchct lc
lcetu.
etu.
Jmkckp
Jmk ckpuce
uce fce fcscr
fcscr jmbhkuc
jmbhkuce e pme
pmeoou
oouece
eceyc
yc yceo
yceo kmeme
kmemetujtujce
ce lme
lmecr
cr ctcu
ctcu
schc`e
schc`eyc
yc `csbh
`csbh cechbsc
cechbsc str
strujtu
ujtur 
r ‘

~ C`kcf Yycrba
Yycrba Acgcruh
Acgcruh B`sce, Y.V.
Y.V.
(Fbrmjtur
(Fbrmjtur c`hbs
c`hbstrujtu
trujtur.ink
r.ink))