THE CHILD AND ADOLESCENT LEARNERS AND LEARNING PRINCIPLES

REVIEWER

1. ____This refers to quantitative changes in an individual as he progresses in

chronological age. ex. Size, weight, height.
2. ____This refers to qualitative changes or the progressive series of changes of
an orderly and coherent type leading to an individual’s maturation. Ex. Learn how
to walk or talk.

APPROACHES TO DEVELOPMENT
3. ____It is a belief that a person will show extensive change from birth to
adolescence, little or no change in adulthood, and decline in late old age.
4. ____It is a belief that even in adulthood, developmental changes take place in a
person.
CHARACTERISTICS OF HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
5. ___A person will continue to develop even in adulthood.
6. ___There is always potential to change.
7. ___Development involves different dimensions such as biological, cognitive,
socio-emotional and moral. Although these dimensions may be studied
separately but they are intertwined.
8. ___There is an order as to how a person develops which are called
developmental pattens.
9. ___A person does not develop overnight. There might be some changes which
one might think have occurred in an instant but more often, it takes weeks,
months or years for a person to undergo changes.
10. ___People respond to and act on contexts.
11. ___The three goals of human development are growth, maintenance, and
regulation. The goals of persons vary among the developmental stages.
PRINCIPLES OF CHILD GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
12. ___There are no persons who are alike. Even identical twins are unique in their
own way.
13. ___A child does not immediately walk after s/he is born. It takes time as the child
learns to acquire skills which are pre-requisites to being able to walk. This is also
true to other aspects of growth and development.
14. ___Although there might be an ideal rate of growth for children according to their
age, it is not the same at all times and for all children.
15. ___Physical development may be the most obvious change that can be seen in a
person but s/he also develops in other aspects such as cognitive, socio-
emotional, etc.
16. ___The different aspects of growth affect one another. An example is a person
who may have physically limitations which in turn may affect his/her social skills
because of lack of self-confidence.
17. ___For each developmental period, there is a set of developmental tasks .
18. ___Heredity refers to the traits and characteristics (physical & cognitive) passed
on from parents and other ancestors to the child at conception. Maturation is the
gradual unfolding of the potential traits that the child has inherited.
19-24. Give 5 factors that affect the growth and development of a child.

True or False
25. _____ Developmental growth is the one that arises at a certain period in our life.
The successful achievement of which leads to happiness and success with later
tasks. Failure of achieving the tasks leads to unhappiness, social disapproval, and
difficulty with later tasks.
26._____ Learning sex differences and sexual modesty is on Infancy and early
childhood.
27._____According to Robert Havighurst readiness for reading can be developed
during middle childhood.
28._____ During infancy to early childhood, learning to distinguish right from wrong
and developing a conscience can be developed.
29._____You can achieve a masculine or feminine social role during adolescence.
30._____ You are preparing for an economic career during adulthood.
31._____ Helping teenage children to become happy and responsible adults is part
of middle adulthood.
32._____The age for early adulthood is from 19-29 years old.
33._____ Desiring and achieving socially responsible behavior is part of middle
childhood.
35._____ Meeting social and civic obligations is part of later maturity.

ISSUES ON HUMAN DEVELOPMENT

34.____ refers to an individual’s biological inheritance.
35.____ Does development involve gradual, cumulative change or distinct changes.
36.____ refers to environmental experiences.
37.____ Are we what our first experience have made of us or do we develop into
someone different from who we were at an earlier point in development?

THEORIES AND PERSPECTIVES IN CHILD DEVELOPMENT

38.____ Pioneers in the field who are educators, physicians, psychologists, and
scientists have developed ideas on how children grow in the different dimensions of
development.
39.____ An English philosopher and political theorist, In his “Essay Concerning
Human Understanding”, he advanced a theory of the self as a blank page, with
knowledge and identity arising only from accumulated experience.
40.____ children develop individually at their own pace, but that every child follows
the same sequence. He believed that there are two major forces that influence
development namely genetics and environment.
41.____ It is the absence of preconceived ideas or predetermined goals. The human
mind, especially at birth, in its blank slate before exposure to outside impressions or
social constructs.
42.____ An American psychologist and pediatrician and He pioneered the use of
motion-picture cameras to study the physical and mental development of normal
infants and children. His books influenced child rearing in the United States.
43.____ A Russian-born American psychologist and His work contributed to the
formation of the Head Start Program of the United States in 1965.
44.____ It views the child as developing within a complex system of relationships
affected by multiple levels of the surrounding environment.
45.____ It refers to social settings that where children are not direct participants, but
that affect their experiences in immediate settings – for example, parents’ jobs, the
city council, parental social support networks.
46.____ It is the most basic social system and the innermost level of the
environment.
47.____ This refers to all different microsystems in which a child participates.
48.____ It involves temporal changes in ecological systems, or within individuals,
producing new conditions that affect development.
49.____ It refers to the larger context in which all other systems operate.
50.____ is the setting in which children have their experiences with things and
people. Thus, the family is the primary socializer of the child.

Choices for nos. 1-11

a. Development involves growth, maintenance, and regulation
b. Development is contextual
c. Development is relatively orderly
d. Development takes place gradually
e. Development is lifelong
f. Development is plastic
g. Development is multidimensional
h. Growth
i. Traditional Approach
j. Life–Span Approach
k. Development

Choices for nos. 12-18

a. The rate of growth is not constant
b. Every child is unique
c. A child’s growth and development is orderly and continuous
d. A child develops as a whole person
e. There are social expectations for every developmental period
f. Different aspects of growth are related to and affect each other.
g. Heredity, maturity and environment influence the levels of development attained.

Choices for nos. 34-37

a. Nature
b. Stability vs. Change
c. Continuity vs. discontinuity
d. Nurture
Choices for nos. 38-50
a. Home
b. Macrosystem
c. THEORIES AND PERSPECTIVES IN CHILD DEVELOPMENT
d. Maturation theory
e. John Locke
f. Tabula Rasa
g. Chronosystem
h. Mesosystem
i. Arnold Gessel
j. Bioecological systems theory
k. Urie Bronfenbrenner
l. Microsystem
m. Exosystem