Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Chapter 7
Chapter 7
Data gathering
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Five Key Issues
7.3 Data Recording
7.4 Interviews
7.5 Questionnaires
Chapter 7 7.6 Observation
GATHERING DATA 7.7 Choosing and Combining Techniques
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• Look at data from more than one perspective: • Small trial of main study
- Triangulation of data (time, place, people) • Ensure the proposed method is viable before real
study
- Investigator triangulation
- Triangulation of theories • Participants: very unpredictable
- Methodological triangulation • Examples: the equipment and instructions can be
checked by interview or questionnaires
• Collect more than one type of data, e.g. qualitative
from experiments and qualitative from interviews • colleagues or peers can be asked to comment
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xqSh7XMve5g
Activity
Tưởng tượng bạn là người tư vấn để giúp phát
triển một công cụ thiết kế vườn.
Mục tiêu của bạn là tìm hiểu về những người thiết
kế vườn dùng prototype của họ như thế nào khi họ
đi vòng vòng vườn của KH để mở rộng ý tưởng
thiết kế vườn, ghi chú và hỏi KH về những gì KH
thích và sử dụng vườn như thế nào.
Bạn là người thu thập dữ liệu/thông tin về những
người thiết kế vườn trong môi trường như thế. Hãy
nêu những điểm thuận lợi và bất lợi của ba cách
thu thập dữ liệu.
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7.4 Interviews
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• Open-ended/Unstructured - are not directed
by a script. Rich but not replicable.
• Structured - are tightly scripted, often like a
questionnaire. Replicable but may lack
richness.
• Semi-structured - guided by a script but
interesting issues can be explored in more
depth. Can provide a good balance between
richness and replicability.
• Focus groups – a group interview: guided by
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Likert scales
Question and response format
• ‘Yes’ and ‘No’ checkboxes
• Checkboxes that offer many options
• Rating scales
– Likert scales
– semantic scales
– 3, 5, 7 or more points
• Open-ended responses
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Summary
• Data gathering sessions should have clear goals.
• An informed consent form may be needed.
• Five key issues of data gathering are: goals, choosing
participants, triangulation, participant relationship, pilot.
• Data may be recorded using handwritten notes, audio or
video recording, a camera, or any combination of these.
• Interviews may be structured, semi-structured or unstructured
• Focus groups are group interviews
• Questionnaires may be on paper, online or telephone
• Observation may be direct or indirect, in the field or in
controlled settings.
• Techniques can be combined depending on the study focus,
participants, nature of technique, available resources and
time.
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