National

University of
Technology

BE Mechanical Batch 18
Thermodynamics II
Problem Based Learning Activity
Report
Submitted To: Dr Kamran Nazir
Submitted By: Group No. 06
Group Members:

 Hasaan Zahid
 Asad Ullah
 M.Hassan
 Hassan Munir
 Wazir Ghayoor
 Shaheer Azmat Shah

Abstract
The fluid is a substance that can flow in any direction. Example: Water (Water can flow
in any direction)

Types of Fluid:
There are five different types of Fluid:

 Ideal fluid
 Real fluid
 Newtonian fluid
 Non-Newtonian fluid
 Ideal Plastic Fluid
Ideal fluid:
Ideal fluids are the fluids that cannot have viscosity and also can’t be compressed is
known as Ideal fluid. But the reality is this type of fluid does not exist because each and
every fluid contains some amount of viscosity. This fluid is also called as Imaginary
fluid.

Real fluid:
The real fluid is just opposite to Ideal fluid. Real fluid can be defined as the fluid which is
having viscosity is known as Real fluid.

Newtonian fluid:
The fluid that follows this newton’s law of viscosity called Newtonian fluid.

Non-Newtonian fluid:
The non-Newtonian fluid is just opposite to Newtonian fluid. Non-Newtonian fluid can be
defined as the fluid that cannot follow newton’s law of viscosity.

Ideal Plastic Fluid:

The Ideal Plastic fluid can be defined as shear stress is proportional to the shear strain
and when the value of shear stress is more than the yield value that is known as Ideal
Plastic Fluid.

Types of Fluid Flow:

There are six types of fluid flow and those are:

 Steady and Unsteady flow

 Uniform and non-uniform flow
 One, two, and three-dimensional flow
 Rotational and Ir-rotational flow
 Laminar and Turbulent flow and
 Compressible or Incompressible flow.

Steady and Unsteady flow:

The steady flow is defined as the flow in which the velocity, pressure, and density are
constant at any point with respect to time.

Whereas an unsteady flow is just opposite to steady flow. The unsteady flow is defined
as the flow in which the velocity, pressure, and density are not constant and it is
different with respect to time.

Uniform and non-uniform flow:

Uniform flow can be defined as the type of flow in which the velocity does not change
with respect to space at any given time.

No uniform flow can be defined as the type of flow in which the velocity does change
with respect to space at any given time.

One, two, and three-dimensional flow:

In one-dimensional fluid flow, the fluid is moving in only one dimension.

u=f(x), v=0 and w=0

In two-dimensional fluid flow, the fluid is moving in two dimensions.

u= f1(x,y,), v= f2(x,y,) and w= 0.

In three-dimensional fluid flow, the fluid is moving in three dimensions.

u= f1(x,y,z), v= f2(x,y,z) and w= f3(x,y,z).

Rotational and Irrotational flow:

Rotational fluid flow is defined as in which the fluid particles move to streamline or along
well-defined paths, which means the flow is straight and also rotates about its own axis
is known as rational flow.

Irrotational fluid flow is defined as in which the fluid particles move to streamline or
along well-defined paths, but it does not rotate about its own axis is known as Irrational
flow.

Objective:
  CFD analysis of isothermal flow in a 2D model room

Conditions:

The conditions we defined to the software are:

 Inlet
 Outlet
 Plane
 Walls

Inlet/Outlet: Orifice at the top or bottom from where the fluid enters and leaves the
system.

Plane: The plane over which the system is to be developed.

Walls: Boundary of the system.

Problem Statement:
Perform velocity analysis for isothermal flow in a 2-D model room

Cases:
 Case 1: Top inlet and Top outlet.

 Case 2: Centre inlet and Bottom outlet

Case#1
Boundary conditions of 2-D room
  Height 1000 mm.

 Width 1500 mm.

Top inlet and top outlet both of 20 mm opening.

Fine mesh:

Boundaries:
Parameters:
Calculations and Iterations:
Contours:

Graph: Position vs X-Velocity:

 Case#2
Boundary conditions of 2-D room

 Height 1000 mm.

 Width 1500 mm.

Centre inlet and top Bottom outlet both of 20 mm opening

2-D model made on Ansys Workbench:

Fine Mesh:
Boundaries:

Parameters:
Contours:
Graph: Position vs X-Velocity: