Directions: Compare and contrast the following expressions.

5PTS EACH
1. Univariate, bivariate, multivariate

The examination of one variable is known as univariate analysis. Multivariate analysis is

the examination of many variables. Depending on your end aim, you can undertake each
type of analysis in a variety of ways. In practice, we frequently perform both types of
analysis on a same dataset. Univariate analysis considers only one variable, whereas
bivariate analysis considers two variables and their connection. Multivariate analysis
examines the link between more than two variables. Univariate statistics present
information about only one variable at a time. Bivariate statistics are used to compare two
variables. Multivariate statistics compare variables that are more than two.

2. Correlation, covariation, variance

Correlation is a scaled form of covariance. The direction of the linear relationship

between variables is indicated by covariance. Correlation, on the other hand, evaluates
the strength as well as the direction of a linear relationship between two variables. The
shift in scale has an effect on covariance.

3. ANOVA vs. MANCOVA

The main distinction is that ANOVA examines mean differences on a single dependent
criteria variable, whereas MANOVA evaluates mean differences on two or more
dependent criterion variables at the same time. The correlation structure between the
dependent variables adds additional information to the model, giving MANOVA the
following advantages: Greater statistical power: When the dependent variables are
correlated, MANOVA can uncover effects that are smaller than those found by normal
ANOVA.

4. Spearman's r vs. Pearson's r

They are related but not identical. Spearman's coefficient determines the point's rank
order. It doesn't matter where they are. Pearson's coefficient evaluates the two's linear
relationship, or how well a straight line characterizes their relationship. Pearson and
Spearman coefficients are compared. The primary distinction between the two correlation
coefficients is that the Pearson coefficient assumes a linear relationship between the two
variables, whereas the Spearman Coefficient assumes monotonic relationships.

5. t-test vs. Chi-Square

Pearson's chi-square tests are classified into two types: The chi-square goodness of fit test
is used to determine whether the frequency distribution of a categorical variable differs
from your expectations. The chi-square test of independence is used to determine whether
or not two category variables are connected. Chi-square and t tests can both detect
differences between two groups. A t test, on the other hand, is used when there is a
dependent quantitative variable and an independent categorical variable. When there are
two categorical variables, the chi-square test of independence is used.