MATHEMATICS 9

4th Quarter
Week 7

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET

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 Competency: Solves problems involving oblique triangles.
(M9GE-IVh-j-1)

Objectives: At the end of the week, you shall have

o applied the law of sines and law of cosines in solving problems
involving oblique triangles;
o formulated equations to solve problems involving oblique
triangles; and
o related oblique triangles in real-life situation.

Learner’s Tasks

Lesson Overview

To solve problems involving oblique triangles, it is essential to know

these two laws: Law of Sines and Law of Cosines. These laws are important
since the trigonometric ratios involving parts of a right triangle are not
applicable in these types of triangles.

Oblique Triangle

It is a triangle which does not have a right angle. It may be

classified as an acute triangle or an obtuse triangle.

An acute triangle is a triangle whose angles are all less than 90˚. An
obtuse triangle is a triangle in which one of the angles is more than 90˚.

Most work is done on the scientific calculator in solving oblique

triangles. Your job is to formulate the equation to be used. To check a
problem, verify that the largest angle is opposite the largest side and the
smallest angle is opposite the smallest side.

Law of Sines

The Law of Sines is applicable in solving triangle when the following

parts are given:
• two angles and one side (SAA case and ASA case)
• two sides and an angle opposite of one of these sides (SSA case)

Suppose we have oblique 𝜟ABC and let the sides opposite them be
labelled a, b, and c, respectively as shown in the figure.
A

c b

B a C

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 The law of Sines is described by the relation,

𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝐴 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝐵 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝐶

= =
𝑎 𝑏 𝑐

Example:
Andrei and Alexa are standing at the
seashore 20 meters apart. The coastline is the
20 meters
straight line between them. Both can see the C B
35˚ 45˚
same boat in the water. The angle between
the coastline and the line between the boat x
and Andrei is 35˚ while the angle between the
coastline and the line between the boat and
Alexa 45˚. How far is the boat from Andrei? A
(See figure at the right)

Solution
Since the 2 angles are given, we can determine the third angle which
is equal to 100˚. We can now formulate the equation to solve for x.
𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝐴 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝐵
= Law of Sine
𝑎 𝑏
𝑠𝑖𝑛 100˚ 𝑠𝑖𝑛 45˚
= Substitution
20 𝑥
0.98 0.7
= Use scientific calculator to calculate
20 𝑥

(0.98)(x) = 14 Cross multiplication

14
x= Simplify
0.98

x = 14.29
Therefore, Andrei is 14.29 meters away from the boat.

Law of Cosines

The Law of Cosines is applicable in solving with the following

situations:
• two sides and the included angle are known (SAS case)
• three sides are known(SSS case)

Suppose we have oblique 𝜟ABC and let the sides opposite them be
labelled a, b, and c, respectively as shown in the figure.
A

c b

B a C

3
 The law of Cosines is described by the relation,

a2 = b2 + c2 – 2bc (cos A)
b2 = a2 + c2 – 2ac (cos B)
c2 = a2 + b2 – 2ac (cos C)
A
Example:
A triangle has sides 5 cm, 10 cm and 7 cm.
Find the measure of the angles (round answers to 10
1 decimal place). Use the figure on the right. 7

Solution:
Given: a = 5; b = 7; c = 10 B C
5

To find ∠ A:
a2 = b2 + c2 – 2bc (cos A) Law of Cosine
52 = 72 + 102 – 2(7)(10)(cos A) Substitution
25 = 49 + 100 – 140(cos A) Simplify
25 – 49 – 100 = -140(cos A) Simplify
-124 = -140(cos A) Simplify
−124
cos A = −140 Simplify

cos A = 0.89 Use calculator to find ∠A

∠A = 27.7˚

Therefore, ∠A is approximately 27.7˚.

To find ∠ B:
b2 = a2 + c2 – 2ac (cos B) Law of Cosine
72 = 52 + 102 – 2(5)(10)(cos B) Substitution
49 = 25 + 100 – 100(cos B) Simplify
49 – 25 – 100 = -100(cos B) Simplify
-76 = -100(cos B) Simplify
−76
cos B = −100 Simplify

cos B = 0.89 Use calculator to find ∠B

∠B = 40.5˚

Therefore, ∠B is approximately 40.5˚.

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To find ∠ C, use the fact that the sum of the three interior angles in a triangle is
equal to 180˚.

∠A + ∠B + ∠C = 180˚ Sum of interior angles

27.7˚ + 40.5˚ + ∠C = 180˚ Substitution
∠C = 180˚ - 27.7˚ - 40.5˚ Simplify
∠C = 111.8˚

Therefore, ∠C is approximately 111.8˚.

Activity 1.

Determine whether the given figure can be solved using Law of Sine or
Law of Cosine.

8
1. 11 4. 15
8

24
35˚

4
36˚
5 120˚
2. 5.
28˚
4

12
3.
9

5
Activity 2.

Use Law of Sine and Law of Cosine to find the unknown terms.
B

Z
1. x˚ 2.
6 15 y˚

C 32˚ Y 12
10
A 4
X

Activity 3. Illustrate and solve the following problems.

Situation Illustration Solution

1. Rabiya has three sticks measuring
19cm, 23 cm, and 27 cm. She lays
them down to form a triangle. Find
the measure of the angle formed by
19 cm and the 23 cm sides to the
nearest degree.
2. In 𝜟PQR, ∠Q = 40˚ and ∠R = 105˚. If
side q measures 12 cm, find the
length of r.

Formative Test

Choose the letter of the correct answer.

1. If the sides of a triangle are 8 and 11 in units and the angle between
them is 37 degrees, what is the length of the third side?
A. 6.1
B. 6.4
C. 6.7
D. 6.9

2. If sides of a triangle are 5.5 and 4.7 respectively. Angle opposite to the
side 5.5 measures 63˚. Find the angle opposite to the side 4.7.
A. 29.6˚
B. 39.6˚
C. 49.6˚
D. 59.6˚

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3. The length of the two sides of a triangle is 6.5 cm and 9.4 cm
respectively. The angle between them measures 131˚. How long is the
third side?
A. 14.5 cm
B. 15.5 cm
C. 16.5 cm
D. 17.5 cm

4. Given sides a=10, b=5 and ∠A=100°. Find the measure of ∠B.
A. 28.5˚
B. 29.5˚
C. 30.5˚
D. 31.5˚

5. A triangle has sides equal to 5 cm, 10 cm and 7 cm. Find the measure
of the angles.
A. 111.8°, 40.5° and 27.7°
B. 100.8°, 30.5° and 48.7°
C. 97.8°, 61.5° and 20.7°
D. 85.8°, 74.5° and 19.7°

Answer Key

Activity 1 Activity 2
1. Law of Sine 1. ∠x = 62˚
4. Law of Cosine 2. ∠y = 11.31˚
2. Law of Cosine
4. Law of Cosine
5. Law of Sine

Activity 3
Illustration Solution
Let a=27, b=19, c=23 and x=∠A

1. a2 = b2 + c2 – 2bc (cos A)
272 = 192 + 232 – 2(19)(23)(cos A)
x 23
1. 19 729 = 361 + 529 – 874(cos A)
729 = 890 – 874(cos A)
729 – 890 = - 874(cos A)
27 -161= - 874(cos A)
cos A = 0.184
A = 79˚
P 2.
𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑄
=
𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑅
𝑞 𝑟
𝑠𝑖𝑛 40˚ 𝑠𝑖𝑛 105˚
12
r =
12 𝑟
2. 105˚ 𝑟(𝑠𝑖𝑛 40˚) = 12(𝑠𝑖𝑛 105˚)
40˚ 𝑟(𝑠𝑖𝑛 40˚) = 12(𝑠𝑖𝑛 105˚)
R Q
𝑟(0.64) = 12(𝑠𝑖𝑛 105˚)
r(0.64) = 12(0.96)
r(0.64) = 11.52
r = 18

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 References

Grade 9 Mathematics Learner’s Material pages 477 to 503

Online Resource: Laws of Sines and Laws of Cosines obtained from
https://www.varsitytutors.com/hotmath/hotmath_help/topics/law-of-sines
https://byjus.com/maths/law-of-cosines/