WIRELESS CHARGER

A PROJECT REPORT

SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS

FOR INNOVATIVE WORK
UNDER

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
IN
BASIC ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING EE102

Submitted by:

Anurag Kumar (2K20/A5/30)

Sumer Singh Meena (2K20/A5/13)

Under the supervision of:

DR. PRIYA MAHAJAN

(PROFESSOR, EE)
Department of EE, DTU

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

DELHI TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

(Formerly Delhi College of Engineering)
Bawana Road, Delhi – 110042

July 2021
 DELHI TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
(Formerly Delhi College of Engineering)
Bawana Road, Delhi – 110042

CANDIDATE’S DECLARATION

We, Anurag Kumar, (2K20/A5/30) and Sumer Singh Meena (2K20/A5/13) students of
B. TECH, DTU declare that the Innovative Project Report titled “WIRELESS CHARGER”
which is submitted by us to Department of Electrical Engineering, Delhi Technological
University, Delhi, is original and not copied from any source without proper citation.
This work has not previously formed the basis for the award of any Degree, Diploma,
Fellowship or other similar title or recognition.

Place: DTU, Delhi Anurag Kumar (2K20/A5/30)

Date: 18/07/2021 Sumer Singh Meena (2K20/A5/13)
 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
DELHI TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
(Formerly Delhi College of Engineering)
Bawana Road, Delhi – 110042

CERTIFICATE
I, hereby certify that the project titled “WIRELESS CHARGER” submitted by Anurag
Kumar, 2K20/A5/30, and Sumer Singh Meena, 2K20/A5/13, Department of Electrical
Engineering, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, as part of Innovative Work is a
record of project work carried out by the student under my supervision. To the best
of my knowledge, this work has not been submitted in part or full for any Degree or
Diploma to this University or elsewhere.

Place: DTU, Delhi DR. PRIYA MAHAJAN

Date: 18/07/2021 (Professor, EE, DTU)
SUPERVISOR
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We are very thankful to Dr. Priya Mahajan (Professor, Electrical Engineering Dept.) and all the
faculty members of the Electrical Engineering Dept. of DTU. They all provided immense
support and guidance for the completion of the project undertaken by us. It is with their
supervision that this work came into existence.
We would also like to express our gratitude to the university for providing the laboratories,
infrastructure, test facilities and environment which allowed us to work without any
obstructions.
We would also like to appreciate the support provided by our seniors and peer group who
aided us with all the knowledge they had regarding various topics.

Anurag Kumar (2K20/A5/30)

Sumer Singh Meena (2K20/A5/13)
(B. Tech, DTU)
 ABSTRACT

Wireless technology is becoming increasingly prominent every day. Like

as wireless headphones, wireless keyboards, mouse, or even wireless
chargers. The ability to perform various day-to-day activities, without the
interference of dangling wires has attracted the notice of this generation.

Speaking of wireless entities, one thing that has now been in use for
quite a long time are wireless chargers. Ranging from mobile chargers,
toothbrush chargers to even chargers for automobile, the R&D for it has
come a long way. It uses basic principles of electromagnetic induction to
energize the battery.

In the mobile phone industry wireless charging came as a blessing in

disguise as the concept of various charging pins for different mobile
used to create a hassle. This helps in more ways than one. This system
allows any user to charge his mobile phone just by placing their mobile
phone on the charging pad. This technology is replacing wired chargers
in many places, and it can charge the battery very effectively. The system
is safe for users and neighboring electronic devices.

To get more accurate wireless charging system, it needs to change the

design of the few keywords. Research is being conducted to investigate
the current and future applications of wireless power transmission or in
other words wireless charging.
 CONTENTS

1. Candidate’s Declaration
2. Certificate
3. Acknowledgement
4. Abstract
5. Contents
6. Introduction
a. Basic Concept
b. Discovery of Electromagnetic Induction
c. Principle of Electromagnetic Induction
d. Working Principle
e. Wireless Techniques
7. Uses of Wireless Charging
a. Use in Smartphone Chargers
b. Use in Automobile Chargers
c. Other uses of Wireless Charging
i. For charging AA Batteries
ii. Charging Medical Equipment
8. Future Aspects in Wireless Communications
 Introduction

Wireless charging technology which uses the principle of

electromagnetic induction enables wireless power transfer from a power
source such as a charger to a load such as a mobile device conveniently
across an air gap by eliminating the use of dangling wires and
inconvenient charging pins. Wireless charging devices involve the
transfer of power without the need for physical connections.

The development of this technology started in the late 1800s and early
1900s when several important innovations were made in the field of
electromagnetic induction. These advancements established the basic
principles that served as the foundation for modern electrical power
transfer. During the past 20 years, improvements in wireless technologies
have led to a revival of research related to this topic. Public interest in
wireless chargers has also increased with the application of Tesla’s ideas
and inventions.
Various inventors and companies such as Apple and Samsung
contributed to the development of wireless power. Examining their
backgrounds reveals the source of their motivation and the procedure by
which they used to conduct research. The inventions developed during
the time were more advanced than anything that had been seen before,
solving challenging problems and developing the basic theories and
hypotheses that yielded modern. These inventors’ patents, research
papers, and experiments effectively describe the practicality and utility of
wireless power transfer. The most prominent forms of power
transmission are conduction, induction, and radiation. Various theories
explain how electrical power can be transmitted without the use of a
physical medium like a conductor. Each mode of power transport has
principles that govern how the electromagnetic waves carry power from
a transmitter to a receiver.

Basic Concept

Electromagnetic Induction is the process in which a closed loop located

in a varying magnetic field or moving through a stationary magnetic field
(Motional EMF), causes the production of a voltage across the loop. This
process of electromagnetic induction (EMI) causes an induced electric
current to flow in the loop.
Discovery of Electromagnetic Induction

In 1831, Michael Faraday discovered the phenomenon of

electromagnetic induction. Though some other scientist had noted
similar behavior related to this many years prior to this discovery. The
law, that defines the characteristics of an induced electromagnetic field
from the magnetic flux linked (change in a magnetic field) is known as
Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction.
The process of electromagnetic induction works conversely as well i.e., a
moving electrical charge generates a magnetic field. In fact, a traditional
or a bar magnet is the result of motion of the individual electrons within
each atom of the magnet, which when aligned generates magnetic field
in a uniform direction.

Principle of Electromagnetic Induction

Faraday explained the principle of electromagnetic induction using a

concept he named “lines of force”. Loops of wire in the base station
creates a magnetic field as the current flows through it. This field induces
an electric current in a coil placed next to the loop wire without having
to touch it. Inductive charging uses an electromagnetic field for the
propagation of energy between two objects. Energy transferred through
inductive coupling to the electrical device, can then use to charge
batteries or run the device.
Working principle

Wireless charging is based on "Oersted law".

The states that when an electric current flow through a wire, it generates
a magnetic field.
If we make a tight coil with many wires coiled on it, it creates a stronger
magnetic field. This type of coils our present in our wireless charger.
In wireless charging apparatus there are two coils, one is in charging pad
and another is in charging equipment (which is being charged).
When the electric current is passed through charging pad coil the
conversion of alternative electric current energy into magnetic energy is
taking place.
Due to electromagnetic induction an alternating current is produced in
another coil.
Which is being father converted into direct current (DC) by the help of
rectifiers.

Wireless Techniques

The most prominent methods for wireless charging include:

• Magnetic inductive coupling
• Magnetic resonance coupling
• Microwave radiation
 USES OF WIRELESS CHARGING

Wireless charging is making strides in the healthcare, automotive and

smartphone industries because it offers the promise of increased
mobility and safety that could allow tiny internet of things devices to get
power many feet away from a charger.

Use in smartphone chargers

In past years, there has been an increasing development in the field of

researches for wireless power transfer techniques to eliminate the use of
the cables. When travelling, we could simply ignore the USB cables and
the orthodox chargers. Normally, the users of the mobile devices have
the tension of lack of power during carrying out an intense job and may
not have possibility of access to a charger. The users are keen to always
keep their mobile devices with electric power as much as possible. Thus,
a lot of smartphone companies these days are using this technology to
produce wireless charging pads to charge smartphones.

Most of smartphone making companies rely on the ‘QI’ standards to

manufacture their wireless charging pads.

Another technology is the reverse wireless technology in which one

smartphone has the feature of charging the battery of other phone while
discharging its own.
Use in automobile chargers

These days there has been an increase in the sale of electric cars all over
the world. Such cars use lithium-ion battery as their source of fuel for
running miles. As a result of which there has been result in the
development of wireless chargers for such cars. Companies like Tesla
which are one of the leading developers of electric cars in today’s
automobile market.
Researchers at the KAIST have been successful in developing an electric
automobile where the vehicles draw power from cables underneath the
surface of the road via non-contact magnetic charging, where a power
source is placed underneath the road surface and power is wirelessly
picked up on the vehicle itself.
The electric car parked on a charging slot with wireless charging
technology starts charging. Beneath the parking area, coils are installed
to generate an alternating magnetic field to enable wireless charging. An
electric car with having this feature would also be fitted with coils to
generate electricity from the alternating magnetic field. Then high-
frequency electricity passes through the wireless charging station.
It results in the production of alternating magnetic fields and electricity
which is induced in the adjacent coils in the car. The electricity thus
generated is converted into DC using a rectifier (AC-DC converter) and
charges the battery.
Other uses of wireless charging

• For charging AA batteries

Wireless charging is not only used in smart phones and automobiles but
it can also be used for battery operated devices like toys, torch, remotes
and joysticks. The AA batteries can be charged easily with the help of
wireless charging pads.

The most important benefit of this technology is that, it can be used to

charge a device without having to remove the battery manually. And
thus, numerous types of devices which have AA batteries can be easily
charged.

• Charging medical equipment

Many medical equipment can be charged though wireless charger. The

new innovation in technology for the medical equipment makes it very
convenient for the patient as well as the hospital staff. Nowadays a lot of
medical devices are being charged with the help of wireless charging
and thus are providing better services to the hospital staffs.
 FUTURE ASPECTS IN WIRELESS
COMMUNICATIONS

The future of wireless charging holds an aspect of very bright future with
it. The world is swiftly going to become wireless. Within a span of a few
decades, phones and now charging has become wireless. Even though
wireless charging is still pretty much in its initial stages, this technology
is expected to advance drastically over the next few years.

The technology which was earlier used only for wireless charging is now
being used for various fields such as automobiles, healthcare, kitchen
appliances wearables and laptops. There are several wireless charging
technologies in use today, all aimed at minimizing the use of cables.

Automotive, healthcare, and manufacturing industries are whole

heartedly embracing the technology as wireless charging promises
improved mobility and development that could help in development of
Internet of Things (IoT) devices to be operated from a distance.
The size of the global wireless charging market is estimated to be about
more than $30 billion by 2026. It offers great deal of convenience to
users and ensures that safe charging is always remains to be a safe
procedure.

The fact that wireless charging is easier and more convenient cannot be
denied. However, devices can go undergo dangerous temperature
fluctuation during wireless charging. This may result in poor performance
and a reduced battery life cycle. Thermal properties are mostly seen as a
secondary design consideration by a majority of companies developing
wireless chargers. Owing to the tough demand for wireless charging,
device manufacturers tend to overlook minor some considerations to get
their devices to sell quickly.

Great advances have been made in EV batteries that helps them to

deliver more power and require less time to charge. However, the task of
developing an effective cooling system is now a much more prominent
task.

Wireless charging has a wide array of opportunity to expand its range

and increase mobility for IoT device users. The first-generation of
wireless chargers was only capable for charging for only few centimeters
of distance between charger and the device. For the subsequent
generations of chargers, the distance has increased to about 10
centimeters. As the technology continues to advance exponentially, the
ability to transfer power through several meters could be a possibility.

New and innovative applications of wireless chargers are often brought

up by various companies. Some potential applications of the technology
can be, restaurant tables that charge smartphones and other smart
devices, office furniture with integrated charging capabilities, and kitchen
counters that power the coffee machine and other appliances wirelessly.