SALWAN PUBLIC SCHOOL

RAJENDRA NAGAR

PHYSICS INVESTIGATORY
PROJECT
TOPIC: WIRELESS POWER
TRANSMISSION
(ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION)

By: DAKSH SINGH

Class: XII-B
Roll No: 08
 TABLE OF CONTENT

 Certificate
 Declaration
 Acknowledgement
 Aim of Project
 Introduction
i. (Application of WPT)
 Theory
 Apparatus Required
 Working model
 Advantages and Disadvantages of WPT
 Conclusion
 Bibliography
 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the contents of this project file

submitted by Daksh Singh of class XII-B for the subject
of Physics is his bona fide work submitted to Salwan
Public School for partial fulfilment of the requirements
for CBSE examinations of class XII. The project has been
completed under my guidance and supervision. Daksh
Singh has been working on the completion of the project
sincerely from start to finish. I certify that the project is
up to my expectations and can be submitted for
evaluation.

Teacher’s Signature Student’s Signature

 DECLARATION

I hereby declare that the project work

entitled “Wireless Power Transmission
(Electromagnetic Induction)” submitted
to Department of Physics, Salwan Public
School is prepared by me.
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to express a deep sense of thanks and

gratitude to Mrs. Sakshi Katyal ma’am for guiding me
immensely through the course of the project. Her
constructive advice and constant motivation have been
responsible for the successful completion of this project.

My sincere thank goes to our principal ma’am for her co-

ordination in extending every possible support for the
completion of this project.

I must thank my classmates for their timely help and

support for completion of this project.

Last but not the least, I would like to thank all those who
had helped directly or indirectly towards the completion
of this project.
 AIM OF PROJECT

“To investigate and demonstrate wireless

power transmission using technique of
electromagnetic induction and assess its
effectiveness compared to the traditional
wired methods”
 INTRODUCTION

Electromagnetic induction was discovered

independently by Michael Faraday in 1831 and Joseph
Henry in 1832. Faraday was the first to publish the
results of his experiments.

Faraday describes an experimental demonstration of

electromagnetic induction that wraps two wires around
opposite sides of an iron ring. His assessment of newly-
discovered properties of electromagnets suggested that
when current started to flow in one wire, a sort of wave
would travel through the ring and cause some electrical
effect on the opposite side. Indeed, a galvanometer's
needle measured a transient current (which he called a
"wave of electricity") on the right side's wire when he
connected or disconnected the left side's wire to a
battery. This induction was due to the change
in magnetic flux that occurred when the battery was
connected and disconnected. His notebook entry also
noted that fewer wraps for the left side resulted in a
greater disturbance of the galvanometer's needle.
Faraday's law of induction (or simply Faraday's law) is
a law of electromagnetism predicting how a magnetic
field will interact with an electric circuit to produce
an electromotive force (EMF). This phenomenon,
known as electromagnetic induction, is the fundamental
operating principle of transformers, inductors, and
many types of electric
motors, generators and solenoids.
The project is a device to transfer power wirelessly
instead of using conventional copper cables and current
carrying wires. The concept of wireless power transfer
was introduced by Nikolas Tesla. This power is made to
be transferred within a small range only for example
charging rechargeable batteries etc.

APPLICATION OF WIRELESS POWER

TRANSMISSION- It can be of great use in today’s time
especially in technological landscapes, Wireless power
transfer (WPT) systems allow power to be transferred
from one electrical network to another without the need
for wires or exposed contacts. For a large number of
diverse applications, this feature is highly advantageous,
and in certain cases has enabled new applications to be
realized.
 THEORY

Magnetic Flux-

The magnetic flux (usually denoted Φ or ΦB)

through surface is the component of the magnetic
field (B) passing through that surface. The SI unit of
magnetic flux is the weber (Wb; in derived units,
volt-seconds) and the CGS unit is the Maxwell.
Dimensions of magnetic flux is M L2 T−2 I−1.
Magnetic flux is usually measured with a fluxmeter,
which contains measuring coils, and it calculates the
magnetic flux from the change of voltage on the
coils.
If the magnetic field is constant, the magnetic flux
passing through a surface of vector area S is

where B is the magnitude of the magnetic field (the

magnetic flux density) having the unit of
Wb/m2 (tesla), S is the area of the surface, and θ is
the angle between the magnetic field lines and
the normal (perpendicular) to S. For a varying
magnetic field, we first consider the magnetic flux
through an infinitesimal area element dS, where we
may consider the field to be constant:
Changing Magnetic Flux-
A change in the magnetic flux passing through a loop
of conductive wire will cause an electromotive
force, and therefore an electric current, in the loop.
The relationship is given by Faraday's law:

where

 ϵ is the electromotive force (EMF),

 the minus-sign represents Lenz's Law,
 ΦB is the magnetic flux through the open surface Σ,
 ∂Σ is the boundary of the open surface Σ; the surface, in
general, may be in motion and deforming, and so is
generally a function of time. The electromotive force is
induced along this boundary.
 dℓ is an infinitesimal vector element of the contour ∂Σ,
 v is the velocity of the boundary ∂Σ,
 E is the electric field,
 B is the magnetic field.
Mutual Inductance-

Consider two coils: P – coil (Primary coil) and S –

coil (Secondary coil). A battery and a key are
connected to the P-coil, whereas a galvanometer is
connected across the S-coil. When there is a change
in the current or magnetic flux linked with the two
coils, an opposing electromotive force is produced
across each coil, and this phenomenon is termed
Mutual Inductance.
This phenomenon is given by the relation:

Where M is termed as the mutual inductance of the

two coils or the coefficient of the mutual inductance
of the two coils.
The rate of change of magnetic flux in the coil is
given as:
Formula of mutual inductance-

 μ0 is the permeability of free space

 μr is the relative permeability of the soft iron core
 N is the number of turns in coil
 A is the cross-sectional area in m2
 l is the length of the coil in m
 APPARATUS REQUIRED

1. Insulated copper wire

i. A light emitting diode (LED)
ii. Battery
iii. 27k ohm resistor
iv. Transmitter (2N222a)
v. Cardboard
WORKING MODEL (WIRELESS
POWER TRANSMISSION)

RECIEVER COIL TRANSMITTER COIL

 A basic setup of transmitter coil (connected to a 9V
battery and the receiver coil (connected to an LED) and
thus using Simple Inductive Coupling which is also an
efficient way to transmit power through short distances.
 ADVANTAGES OF
WIRELESS POWER
TRANSMISSION

i. Convenience: Wireless power transmission

eliminates the need for physical connectors,
providing a convenient and cable-free way to charge
devices.
ii. Safety: By removing the necessity for exposed wires
or connectors, the project enhances safety by
reducing the risks of electric shocks and fire hazards
associated with traditional wired connections.
iii. Mobility: Devices can be charged or powered
without the constraints of cords, offering increased
mobility and flexibility in the use of electronic
gadgets.
iv. Innovation Potential: The project explores
innovative technologies such as electromagnetic
induction and resonance, contributing to the ongoing
advancement of wireless power transmission
methods.
 DISADVANTAGES OF
WIRELESS POWER
TRANSMISSION

While the project offers several advantages in terms of

convenience, safety, and environmental impact, it also
presents challenges related to efficiency, alignment,
distance, and technological complexity

i. Efficiency Challenges: The efficiency of wireless

power transmission, especially over longer distances,
may be lower compared to traditional wired methods.
ii. Alignment Requirements: Precise alignment
between transmitter and receiver coils is crucial for
optimal power transfer, which may be challenging to
achieve in practical applications.
iii. Distance Limitations: The efficiency of power
transfer diminishes as the distance between the
transmitter and receiver increases, limiting the range
of practical applications.
 CONCLUSION

The project focused on wireless power transmission

through electromagnetic induction and provides valuable
insights into the feasibility and efficiency of this method.
In summary, the project on wireless power transmission
through electromagnetic induction has not only
demonstrated the feasibility of this method but also
highlighted its practical implications and challenges. As
technology continues to advance, electromagnetic
induction may play a significant role in shaping the
landscape of wireless power transfer, offering a cleaner,
safer, and more convenient alternative to traditional wired
connections.
 BIBLIOGRAPHY

 https://www.wikipedia.org/
 https://www.google.co.in/
 Class 12th Physics Lab Manual
 Class 12th Physics NCERT Textbook
 https://byjus.com/
 https://www.youtube.com/