I sa d ng o hJdi I

.. --

,\,,hJ11t.iu rl'Tll'M R11N'f'f, 11!kl', Wdb1t'IJl1 j:m •tudm

;JIJW. ru.w.w .t.W,.( 6Jp.

C)
::::c:
C la

C
:z:
Ci)
 Hi6u du� ly do v� each lhu0 sil dvng o h.1/ii (grid) d� ,�ng ct.lllng tlnh nhat quan
ohQ m¢t ta, lieu ho�c trang Web
Larn quen v6I v6n llf vung litin quan den 6 lt.1t:i1.
Hr;,c cacti cAn glong cac d6I h/Qng !ht/Ong (regular obJect) va dol li./Qng phi hinh
hQO (Irregular ob]ee1) vao o Iuar
Ktiam pha nhleU layout O h/01 kha dl,lng.

GifJi thifu
B�rt co th� t�o 1ayou1 de clang hon nhl'.l su d�ng o llfoi (grid) • rngt lramework bao
gom cac dllling gl6ng (guldellne) hlnh thanh nAn cau true cc ban cho layout coa
m◊l IA! II� hay ttang Web. 6 ILl\lf dLli;1C nha lh1et ke s\/ d1,ing d� n6 II{f b6 trf
aac lhant, phan thi6t ke sao cho logio, nh�m bilo toan tfnh nh�l quan gllJa nhDng
layout
lien quan. d6ng 1h01 tniat 1�p cam glac ve nhjp dl�u (rhythm) xuyen su6t rntit tac
phArn lhlet ke Sv dt,ing 6 luQ1 glup b�n to chuo hQ'p ly quy trlnh thlet ke, bol O
IL/61
cha phep tlii ap dung cilc quy6t djnh thlet k� cho nhi�u layout tnay Vi bat dau lt!l
cal mar m61 l�n tMit Ira, () llloi d�c bi�t hilu [ch khl glup cac !JV an ldn U�t
ki�rn dl/Oc luong tnol gian dang ke.
234 I s,l IIV•t61uo1 I
() LI.IOI LA MOT CONG C
N o tiingso o m/)1 mill u'sit d1mgch,wng tr\nh s0011thno 1rnn Mn \Ten may tlnh, cc\ thlb,1ndti tlirng
e, lui:li. B ndl/a raquyf1 dlnh" I vi\ giiin cikh cho v n b n ai:,a mlnh. sau d,6 nhuhg quye1 dJ:nl, nil)
dt1qc iip d,,rngcho toitn bQ tlti li u. VIdy, n,i!u b n d:g1 I' J inch vii can gitlu s6 trnngiJ le due1i,
tmng vli.n bnn cua b n c6 th WangIIJ.lnh ml:nh Ju,,a iJ Hlnh 6-la 6 lllc:11cua uang m'.lng gil5ng
nb\l tren Hlnh 6-lb.
-··· _..,,
---·---·--··-----·-··..·.---
._. ----------..__
•- I -..•-•

---·-·-·------
,\·111trtlllj 111..h titb.il
11 hu1nl;UU .ti ntunn ,to

·--·---·---·-­ ,..
,.
cJ.u.pruiltlu.J... Iden
g1n11hok"c:u1\i h
11.u.1
,.

-----·-----
.._
...
··-·--·-·---
--------·--·--·
.,.
.,.

---------·------
-------·---·--··--·..--·-.
..···-··- I'
-----------·-· -------
11ml 111
.. t'\h1t\iJlmgb ,10
11
rw'.11 hil) u.t;bitn,uu ..tlCn
h1nh1,r11,..(l1rtt, •·1v.. 11
h!itn ,JOi:tll.- h .. oWh
h9, •"'

Thi 1hoang, b;in cc) Lht!15p d.ty vimg ln,d,rqc (primabl area) blng1,an ban, nhlf licn l:linh 6,lc •
1h1 thoang l i kl1img, nhlf minh hQaaHinh 6-IJ.t) hJ, idong v,1J lIO nhll m¢1chl drui, ghip 11
qu)'et djnh vi rl d t vanban trcn traog.

I 1,1
i - ·----_
11 I I

_. . --
i..)IU111l,m phu11101Ir.cu,;
.
, lr1 h,l.,, •Ht i;.hu

11·--·-----·--------------"-i-----•·---.,-·-_-...·..
--
_...

..- - -
-- - - -
·-------
Hlnh (
,, -
.1. ----·
<') Ii.Mi b1torhUn\1)t
111111, 11,,111
I \,)1 t:111\1
t:IUd I..c.JuJ.
 HI »ONHI 235
Gu\ <11nh rlrng till h¢u cun b n phru bno gom vai khoi tnch d6n. Trong 1niifng lu;p
nt\y, 0 Itta! lrllng sc ph1k L\lP horn ml)t chlit. nhll mlnh hQa II Hinh 6-1". 0 h/(rl cung
dip cho nM thlft kf r.lt nhieu 1(1y chqn ,· tlllet 1..-e. B n ,,:; th€di u chinh di:> plllfc
t;p (complex:11r>run bat ,u o hroi mlo, sao cho ru11ng ilng vol ki u &I hon vii
m11<chu se ml\1C :Ipd11ng cl,r,611/(li du.

-Jt---- ---Ji .
1111
11 I
,_,._ OhMlrh11i ·<1rti. r1motd1h1.Jl11

r:----·
==-==:::·
ta.'it \.Ml 111.;.h dlu duol thu1(l.

4 --- -- --::7
Wffir-

· - ,._.,,
- - -.
rt ::t:r· .:,, ..
·--"
t
I
-··..- _=!.
•--.----
...,
•

- ...·- ·
Tuy nhifn, cc\ ru(lt dl u quru, u:,;ing 101:111rhal gh1 nhc'.I: 0 !Lio! d1I lit m◊t cCmg C\I, Mvc
dkh cim 6 ht&l himang lgi thit t,j,tinh d6ngnh51cunt nl111y nghia nb nn cila
layout t.rong nl◊I till li u hO' c m6! Lrtll!ng kf Lhu Lstl. Lrong khi van glup cho
cong vl cd1a nlu\ lhii!l kc ,lc111gi:ln vl nhanh cho.ng han, V(II da <IS mlb'ng \• •<)
IU(li sc kh6ng hlcn cb.1tren on phr,n, cu6i rnng, rnn chi d1J<1c dung ded Lcilc th,\i,J,
phan 1llit!1kE Ian tr.wg. Khdn gia se khOng nhin thti)' 6 IL16'I cua nhii. Lb.ill kt?', mil
chi Lhiiy nhilnJl ln) lllll th6ng nM1, cM;rc 16 ch(rc 161 nhil s.u dvng o luol. Layout.
0

duqc xay dl,fng b'/ing okh sit d\tllg 6 ht6'i co xu hubngM tiepq)n hon de6li 'id
¢<gid.do he thlgl:k dong nh:ic(unifonn visunl sy rem) gfi1p h(• tlm d,rqc tb6ng tin
cS.n thi€t. Dlcu nily gtup gia tiing ca t!nh hi u qua IAn
ni m vu! th\lang tbilc cua dc)c glll til tr i11gbi m doccua ch!nh h9.

6 hlM {grid): mOI rram·ework baci g6m clia dullng

91009 (guideline) hinh thimh nan du true eel ban cua
mqt layout, bftng cAoh p nchill layou1thl!nh nhOng don
v'ikh6ng gian06 lh chuavan ban. hinhant, hoac kb6ng
91anm.
 Phieu lui1, I I

• ••
TY LVANG
TRONG
GIOl lHIET K
uyen suot ch!eu dal l!ch su, con ngulll !la b!
me ho c bol khal ni m IY le (ploportion). Thai
Al C p va Hy Lap cd dai, cac1r1e1 hoc gia. nghe
sy. luen
true su va nha loan hQc da nghlen ci:tu the
gl!)i
t\l nhien. nh m muc dioh tim ra m6, lien h$ vii m t
khOog gFan mO Iii each siJ d ng i<hOng gian hal hoa, hieu
qua Va ngi.ta, 1a phat h, n ra cal 991la "Ty le vilng"
("The Golden Secllon') ay "Ty I lhan thanh' ('The
Divine Propor11on·).
Hay xem et hlnh ohil nh$l a Hlnh A.

M◊t hlnh chOnh t (hay O lUdQ c6 ly I tren (1.1,618 hay

..-----,,--------- 5:8) dUQC nhieu nguoi oho la ty I hai hoa nhat trong
tu
nhlen, bol khl hlnh nay chla thanh m¢1hlnh vuong va ml)1
a
hlnh chil nh$1. nhuminh hoa Hinh B; ty le gllla chl&u
a
r(mg ( nt, ng n hdn trong phan to d m Hlnh CJ va
chl u dal
( nh dlli hon 1rong phan lo d m {J Hinh D) cua flirih ohil
nh I clli,;!c chia gi6ng vdlty le gilla chi u ri)ng (phan ngan
hcrn trong phAn ,od m O Hinh E) 'la chl&u dill (phan dal lhnhl-Ln1<,111•• --•l1111/1d1•11hi1 ,1<
hon 1r.ong pMn to d m m n Hinh F) cua hlnh chanh tg6c.
Hinh ll t: thl ,bla m..\ol hlnll,hi!uh:H\.t'll ti, k 11. ,t:.,,•1h riwt Jil...It
'u/iu \' niO( 1unl1 <hU 11l1 L IY<-n;J{1 hinh ..ti 11M1 l:l)O!_·"C ,, Ii :{(
 ICHUOMC aI 237
ir"lfi rh,1nc m'nol, ,u tt-.u, b.1, mHt xnAi l1.ar, 1,h..,lh:1', l\
olln.1,. CA _ RJ.n•11111.frt mtm NYI d11.1,k ,-, bmfo H11rrmm ,,♦
:\111,;J\f,,/,w fh1,j1tn1t.

Do1.16, I.lieunay oo nghia la mol·ktil mQt hlnh

chll nh t vdl ty J 5:8 lllf<;lc chla Iha.oh m¢t hlnh
vuOng vlt m◊t hlnh chi'I riMt, se kh.ong co
khong glan nao bi liing phi, nhOng m<idUJ1
nay- c6 th <ltJQc nhom l I v61nhau m◊t o$ch hi
uqua, nhtJb n c6
1M lhay 6Hinh G. VI mo hinh nay oung cap
ca.ch
thuc hi u qvad t6ng them o (cell), n n da
LIQC tlm th y r l nhi u lrong lt,r nhl{m, 11h.flnh
d;,mgctla
vo 6c anh vu (Hinh H) d n kl n true xo n
dOI o nen DNA cua chllng ta (Hinh I).

Hlnlr H· \'I\u,11ttl1 TII, JnhI h tu, 11\ffl ½omlllfl't

.1 l·,11/J1h_i;G!/htf'l{t4111Jl4h Pbtr,Ml.uln,: \ll)fccmapt
'
llmh f >!•" OUt.;\ ""1.Ji)nt,, ON,\cu.dtun,s •.
..i'IJ•1 f,;,1 •n ll.wW , \l,-t i.Slot.lph W
1ot11
r,;,
Ngh1 n cuu cho lhay con ngi./01c6 xu huong
Liu IIAn nhOng hlnh d g va b6 eve oua
Ty I v/ing, do ciing laly do khien cack1en
truesuHy L p c6 d i. hQa sy thlll ky chau
AtJ Phvc hung va
nhieu nha lhiet l<.e
dtJOng lhoi SCI dvng ty I nay de t p ra nhung
layout cung nhLI thlet ke hill hoa, cM doi.
Chung ta co th6 quan sat thi t ki'i cua den
Parthenon thal ky Hy P c6 I ap dvng
ry I ng nay ntitJth!! nao 6 Hinh J.
Ulnhl l ol'Mllwf'l'"nJll ) fthlngJ1Jwu-
t11..,H1)·1t"u• I ylll!Tlllf,,
 238 J s. ,tynao 1
IGHI CHU
Kl'iOng g1an amlam 1philn
qunn 1ron9 cun111111 lavotll. K'long
9'1!n mo (ooo,npaaol trong !
av,,ul co lh4,,µ, ra bng glan
Iran; rr,ng mI, don g1ao.
dong·nc giUI) 1nng
tlrmdi, d c chol'liUOIlJlffl Gi611g
nnu 6 l1101 oo lht! du9C oung
vo1 muc d1ch g1 P 16 chur. cac
lll!lnh phan d6 noa va !
yp<>Qrnpnv. khong g;un am
cungIJQC sil dung de gl:lp 16
chuc va phan bd nhilng kho
vvc c:bn 11d<io
l
cAc VAN at cAN cAN NHAc KHI THIET KE
Eli!quyft djnlt hinh thilc c(13 611101. lnt&c ma1 nhn 1hiflkEd111tt.m
xol de y u c.tu cu van \le1h!e1!re. Nhungvan M din din nh¼c na,r
bn<;> g<lm nhleu khla c,!J)h:
Yeu du vE kfch thu.;c
L111,1ng Ihi'>ng tin phal 0111;1, b,10 ham Iron mo!lrnng.
Kich thllocchu vu do,11r1,1ng se ip d ng "•<> o lu&L
KCch thuoc, hlnh d.1ng1'11 ph1IC1og hliongcu6i cung cim Iii!
II . N,:,i duug kltn thJ:
VAn ban v.\ htnb anb.
Mvcd1.il.
Khong gion am
Concept lhi l kE:
Phongclch, tom lf'!ng.llnh than chw,gcun tnl H uho c1rallg Web.
Nhu cllu cv 1htl'cua <l6i t t1(1llg khai, gill m c tlh1.
Pnu h1,1p ,•{11hinh il.nb cun khacb Mng.
£le d,;ng O llltrl, nh:\ thlet k sif dl)ng t4p h\lp de dtl/Jng gillng theo
ph,r,1ng ng-a.ng, d',)c, thfo ,•.Vho c tlJeo hinh dJ/.ng di phnn chia
ln)'llllt Lhanh nhu,,g d(Jn vj khong g,an chitu Vlin bin vn hinh linh, ho
ell th.l de1rll11g. Fllnh thi:tc mil b n mu6n r o cho Lhil1kc se bi-eu thj
m6i qunn h -giito enc1hanh phin 1hlet ke v,;,i o l,1,1i.
Yeu cau san xuat
Elinh d.'lJI& (format) cuo 6 hrl\'i lil dl9n rich tong the cua layout.
d1t,;ic x6c tljnh b81 ,'>k nh l'!i'.n ngoill c,ia lrl).Jlg. Bnl Id J_UQ'c
dung de1 0 rn lhic!1kt' cho nn ph&ai in hay xcm tren m/in hlnh,du
111k oiia O l,tai vun bf .lnh htl(mg bai ktch Lhtlo'c San l(U:U chufo c6
Lile llJ> dvng dl!l,1C
cho phllClryg tl n cuoi tung. Chdng hin, nwt 6 lt1(1i cho tnng Web
phiil phu h1,1p vai loch thll6'c vu iy IC m a hinh trung bmh. t-
ro,;ig kh, u Hlt i dung cho cu6n brochw·e gifi tH IT\/c tlep phtll phu
h\lp vc,I kkh thuuc b\fll chil\h ,,,;,hu in ,.hu«n. S1,11:Mc bi ,$0 vl,i
klcb lhua.:.chwfo
 I CHUOMC 6I 239
c6 Lh/ lam I.Ing chi phi. d.Sng thi;ti co nguy eel t?O rn SIJ.khOng tLIOO!( Lh1ch vl'Ji
nhudiu d1• nglllll dung VI du. m◊I tam dnnhduJphlnh ngOi suo co thl g'1)' tltJ,;rc
nhlfu •\J chli y.<ong se ton kcm khl n XUlll, do lol}lJ nh thJ p naydol hol TTH I
khuon clt (die-cut) d c h1et v• sii kboug 1he 161 dti hoa vi , sit d,;tn.g to gl v bin
ctfng m dnnh thi6p chu5n
(CMUstOLk), 1lu,tc 1€. hlnh d ng khnc LIH( ng si! kb(mg VULl v{ri vi cun klulch hitag (vi
dli\1C 1.hl t ke di chun du: the tin dvng (cr din;ord) ho c danh 1hl<!'p kkh ell churui}.
do
¥9Y , thE g;,y phAn rac Jung, Dinh d ng.m@c dj11h doi vui hdu b.!°l Lbicl kc O1,llil dn
tuiln 11\co Cllc qur uuc vE an pham; th,tilng lhi Jie11 I'")' oo nghla l:i him vitc vul 16
hQp h.roi d nghlnh vuong ho chinJ1chµ nh*t. M c dit co tM th,t!tkt!dinh d,1.ng 6 lu61
khdc
h• • <Q vc;tiquy 1/oc 8'io phii.tn. s011g b cbJ n c6 gingvol! m{ll mvc dkh cv the trlln{I
<lau,d(ing1ha1 nhOn 1hui: r6 v.!di) phllct p,·a ck chi phf phv 1rc)I co Lh;' pp&t s,oh.

Quy hoc_1ch thj giac/phan chia bo Cl}C

!'I ff)' quy ho ch th gidc/ph:\n dtia b6 eve (visual progrom), ho c t,o r:i m¢t 1ip c.ic
thom so huo11g d&n each chil ,';\ hinh linh cln ll n kfl 11h51qu:in v(Ji 6 luril, nh.lm gitip
b o hao cl1,rn, d£Eu liel vll tth,k nhieu kieu thi)ng tin, di thl n linh djnh hu, ng khl
doc CL1.ng nb,c kru\ nnng linh h(11. Ch ng . nhl.l m<)t ph.in ,,,¢, tro11g quy ho ch thi
glaclphdn chio M eve. h n phill qu1€t djnh truiYng (ftdd) min chtla ho c khc'111g d11'.ta
hinh ilnh v:\/lu.,ic van bitn. llQ,11rung ph:il quye1. djnh drh thuc clln If cho hang lo ld6l
tl.lgng khdc nhau: clch ciin trtii, cdn pbni. can hm Ii dohJ I h&ng. ho c ciin giua blnh anb
.. ,sin ban dqc theo m(lt lhtilng gl6ng h<>(\c giiln ha! di.101,g gl,\ng. Quyct dinh each dn
giong nhit!u doi hlQng kMc nhnusno chonbat qu;lo voi 6 IU6'1co 1hEg6ppMo tQo nen
tlnh thong □h61cun loan b◊ loyout.
0 luai c6 U,.e'dtl.,J.: nh» thict kl /I dvng lh onhleu each khtk nhau.Dal khl.6 luai
d1tt,1c dirng kb& ch tche1heo m()t c6ch quy hQ9ch rhj ginc/phi\n ch11b1 o c1,1,
dingnMc.Tuan thu. nghlem nt,)tl\ lll(1i J c b,e, huu ich khi1 m vJ cv6l m◊t cbuol
c:km11c Qtem): chlEn
luqc □fi)' co lhl 1 0 r• )' nghla m nh me vi &'\C 1helng nhat ,'ti fo tli,;lng thuyl!t ph11c
d61 n'llnl1gn ditu 1hu<1ng hifu ( r.1nd identity). CM11g h n. ncfo b n d ng thiet
ke.m◊t b,) Liu t pLh,l, bal glnb dnu (trading card), thlEt k bal" bl cho ml)t di/Ilg san
pl:lfim, hn;c
thl l k,;'bh, cho mi>t be) ..lch, quy ho d1 thi giac/phi\n chfa bo iC\tC cung nhk ,6 theoe
rd1huu <ll).J.1g.
KJ\ong pl1ru luc nno o lu<Ji cungduQcst/ dvng thtocich ch t ch8nl11J v y.£>6ikhI.
olul'il dtC(,1 thlet l p tntoc rhtri diem b.11 d5u lb.let ke, nhung 1hu ng thl.(} itl(ll :;c!
uiit hiw,·:i phit tricn xuy;.nuc'it qu.l mnlt 1htcr k . S,rdung m01 o lllol llnb.llont,
nM 1lul!1k co
lh thJc:'t l p "" tip cic J1.1,Yng gilln,g';\.o dl dingiong c.ic lMnh pha11 th let k khl cdn
1hlet. Sau di.I, hi>co ,the tai it d,mg v/i 1i,!p t11cap 6 lll(rl nily M lQO m nhil:ng thh!'l kl
cl
him quun.
 • Ket hqp cac m c cua ii ludi
•
I
l Kh11111 1Jq.p m<,r quyho ch 1hi
gJdc/pluh, chin b6 C\lC, nha lhl l k phlli

II <1uyGl (ijnll c;\ch lhuc c.ic tn!bng c6 Lh€

(hti c kh,\ug
Ihe I dllQ'C kl, hc;tp nltll thf nilo. v.r, l6, SU
dvngoltibl c,Jc ky nghibn ng t. v:11\ b.ln
vii d11f TllQng c6 lhe chi bAt dnu ciing nhtl

,
k t t.huc l Clic d,cltng lll6ng:1111 d\111!( 6
lllbi linh ho ! h<Jn d10 phep ah¼lhifr
kc d r van b.in vii doi tt1,1ng b:lt d&u 1
nil•t di/ling gl6ng,au d6 mo r(lng n1
xn. neu
dn; d l vur, rn)i dung co 1111! khong difo
kin 111¢11rullng, ho,ic ctl Ihe mo r(lng sang
nhilng trllo'ng kit.le, khl cfo. Nhii lh!l!'i
kf cung ell th.!' kit h<.rp ok 1n1oag vo,
nhm,, d.! m/:\1d6! ll! ng ho c muc van
1,:1.n co
lhe bA1 d LI ! I m 1 ,foung g1611g w
k,'it
ti-me 1.ren \11\i dll.ang g16ng Gu:llu
jwnp dy ra khl aic Uu\nh pit.in
typography ho c rhnnh phrui do h90
keodi\, qua phnn gulter (khodngcdch c
¢1gilin hol trangIIJn kE) Mc(, ni4t 1111olc
1nr/lng thu,:,C ci hai trang ciln m91 trang
d61, nlnJ mmh h,;ia
,, Hl11h 11-2.'1111lhming, m(H lhhnh
ph,ln ma rl)ng vi\Q viing I (nmrgin) lfo
c n, snu do ma rong sang bcn phlif qon
C11nh
cua iru11g, M(lt tbanh phtin mo
rl)ngv1t<,j1
nh 1, I
ra kho, dtt/lag c4t ciia lnyom d\(QC g9j In
IJUjtUl.f)( t, Wdl,,lillJ.in iu.-iutOUl ,a1 Lblt.1.itt lJ t.U.00 Attull!>l,,,cn lJ.JU
1lwli 1h1oi1h',·il;,fmJl_►.4'l'Q' M •uuu \'lrirrnrll1 uu1 lf;l\m V11.111dll HUJ ,,u_ng bu Xcil (bleed), D6i khl, d,iltng clt
I M, hJ o.,'1,1111tr ...,111,II tu1crnAll1HIAI (trim line) ho c dilu xcn (lrim mark)
dtto, them 1r.1.o layout dE ,hi vi 1d clt
dllci'ng xr!n giiSy (guillotine cut) snu khl
m. Tmng Hlnh 6•2, by.n tM:y hal la)'out
nt k.hilc nltau: chung duqc t\10 ra nhb sll
dvng chung 6 llf(/1 dangphii 1!11ha!
Jayoul. L\1u j·, enc lhanh pMn khlingpho.i Ilic 11/io
cung hlp kin L'llc lNilng dn'.i<L cbung, th! th<;>ang
nlr,tng dill tll(,lng nity c6 th/! kin ditlck dllang gl6ng
M chicm khonggian cim nltllu truifng. Cung ,,Sn
hJu11 11ng, de truopg cung co Lbt!M tt6ng.
 ICllUONC• J 241

LAYOUT O LUOI
dlnh d ng (formal): a n lfch 16ng th cua 1ayOuL Mdc 0 llfo1 1b m 1lnh nb5t quan vii" «le 1;,
xac dInn bol cac C\IJI ba11ngoal cua 1rang,
Heu rLlllclu trany nhll stich, t p cbi, Mo
dllbng •'' (lrlm line) hay (!au xtio (trim mark): d11>1ng lh/lng hoac dau cho b161vr ltl 1ou ng xen glay sau kni in.
hny brochure {s:lcll nho qua.ng Cilo). 1'11y
gull•r Jump: rn01 cMnh pMn lypogrephy h0$o thanh ptl n d6 hoe keo druqua phdn gultGr (khOilng each col gIua
ca nel Iren9 clia mOt Irang OOL 1heo nhu ciiu ciui tung d,;ti\n C\I th mo.
nM th,et kl' d, Lht'.' uungquy hoQcli lhi gL\
quy ho ch th!gldc/phan chlaboeve(visual progrnm):
c/phAn chin b6 q1c Iinh hou1 ho1• ch 1,:hi'
de tri n kha.i clu lnk cua m()l , phi(n,
nhl u thlng. Mijc du hitt(LILip lwpdt1bng
gl1lng n6o cung c6 rhe thicr l p dt111c m(>t
t p .ctk tham s6 huong dan each chilva hlnh anh oi\n o htai, song dmg Cl) viii cdch dp ll11ng
Mn kit nM1 qutm vo,o luo,. ltreti trur€n tMng, d c tnlng v- <1c,k till
vDng bu xen (bleed): lhanh µMn typography ho c llt11nhi 11trnng de thlet
thiinh ph!n d6 hoa ma r¢ng, w,;11 ra hill dub'ng cAt l p 1r61Ill, do lil Ihongqunvi cs11 dvng nh:it
oua layout quiln clc U1nnh phfo cim 6 lt1crl.
11h11mlnlt
bqn et Hlnh IU.

tntna Ifnitspreadl

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Bo:,,o,coc an phfo1 nhiEu trang baogom
nhlw daJ dal clu:ta van bll11 kco dU lien
f\lC, vi d11 nhll s&ch. c:p th b n s
mu6n t o mOLOJuoib:in thao(manusctipl
grid),
do Iii l> t11e11 ch,1a:ml)tvimg n9! dungfan,
dllQ'c bao quanh bc:1i l.e (m,irgin), Yung
nOl d,mg Ion nay dll,;,c gi;,II:\ vung o
11161 (gdd area), hay c6n g,;ii (a trung
vlln b;in (text page) hone v1mg vAn ban
(Lc.,a area). Vi1ng 6 t1l<ii In vung rot hi
11q11:\ 11am ben 1mngdinh ng (formal),
I n n cl! th d t
\' ri ban vb hlnhanh: vung I lo.cue kMng
gfon m giirn nhllngqnh ngoAI cua.vung
o lttdi vii djnh d ng, Khong gian dLIQ'c

---··.-.-- .-·.-. · .-.. ......

hulh than.b. bai haJ It' ben 1rong layuu1
cua m(\1 cu.!111s cb ho c top ch! a/i.ru
, ,
gt\n gay slich nbil:t g,;,i logutter (khoang
deb c(\t grua hal tr.ang lifo kl). Kb!§n

-
pham Ii\. m<it cuon S\icb, 6 ludi bdn Lhns>

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1huong d,t c d*I trim hai trang li n nhau
: r. .,.:. ,.

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d l o rn loyo111 Uen 11,1c, h y cbn g9i lu
t : .: . , .- , :: trimg diii ( prcnd). Mlxl'.lng nlt u. B9n
ciing ,6 thi!
,hi t[Jnh vj tri xunt hi n C\1 Lhl cho de

-
r.hitnl, pb6n 1hultng xuy n duqc up
d1rng, ch&11g h nh1I s,i Lrnng
(foUo) hll)' d&u trnng (running heacl), b
ng coch lhc!.m cue dli!m diinh d:iu
(mark r) v u C, hl L
·F11nh 6-4 mlnh h rn ,,r dy ve 6 luuJban
1h50 phil lc:'J1 m91 trang do1cuu cuiiu such.

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! u11 h 111tu)O flhul.tntu 11-1115:111111 j.i J1'111u111111l11ui
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Jldl: ''s'lth .u,r,fff /"'I M .r,h \""' lltcth.iM
 I CHUONGs I 243
(J hJdi ciit
Khl IU)'ilUI ch\'/,1 kh6tlu\fns ,•:\n l>an
Io,n·i, kMns JJtn L'\lc:. nh1r Lrong mi,1 s6
bii Mo ng3n cila m011/1 b,lo hoOc l p
chi, \'UTIJ!i'I l,tol ,,,a <) lu61ban th o c,,
1h€ drir,tc ch!a thl,nh cac Ceil 1hco
pllLCUng dQC, lno nell o hJol c¢1
(column gr!J). 0 h.tul c◊I rS1
gu'iug 11111111b n 1h;\1,ch1tbaythe m¢tkl\u
,·,J, 1,1n t!imh chr> n,ii dung. vung t, lucli
1til dtlo thitnh hnl lt c nhllu c¢,, lfa(/1ng
,tucr<p: han 1kh bbi de vung khilng
ginn
,\m lwp gol la alley (khoang each giila
h:tl
CQI mo ban), nhu mrnh hQn a Hl_nh 6-
3. l-fli1h 6-5 m!nl1hon vi d\l il lll<l'l c¢1phi,
ten trnn,gl6i diarn¢1t<ib:lo.

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(J lu.tl, I fhttlffl<k u11•,; litn k.i • '" tl\Ql U11t1F,,I I 11kh
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1r,mii\ :61\ .. ,:; r !11>1h ••h lflllO_fiII tdlt)!OOJ. J11I'•j'}1,

\\ hik' wtlUn .•llu.,t1..cliJ\,w.lo •h.

,= At: l :!!:: .-:t
244 I Sildun_i;t luiJII
To hQp lUdi
T1h nl11en. b n cling eel th€ chi• nho n1<)1
6 lt!c'li lheo phllong ngnng M !Ou rn t6
hgp luc'li (modular grid,). nhll mlnh h,13
'1 Hinb 6-3. Vt c diiu 1>.ho 6 l1!c'li theu
ph1fc/ng ngnng lijO rn chu61 cic lntirng
(field). b y mMun (mod11le), v;I\ b<Ln c6
LIie d l van bdn ciing ob,r hinh t\nh vim
nhiln,g11rl nh)', Dlli \'Oi l11y11u1b¼t
bu◊c phiil chWt n u hhlh iinh hay
hinh ve
,W h\>a, vl¢c • <Lung 16 h\lp hi<'<I ni't hrtu
hffU. To h(l'p W6I tht!IJng dll\JCcJ110 iheo>
,a phtlting ngang !tin phllang d9c lhilnh
nh!.lng chu i lrllcrng•I kid,1h1tac 11wng
dtlong. doi kh1 ph;in 1:\,;h nbnu ph<1 c c
Jllc)'· Nfo 1i111g sit d11ng ni()t 111.lnh,glay
vi d3 lhj, h&n b n da dung 16 h\lP lu&i
rl!.Il.ht!, ng tbl c:k tnrirng ci11116 h',lp htdi
wJ(IC ve nht! 1tl1ilng box d,:Oc l;).p Ihay l'I
ml)t (, lucri v<ii cac dubng g,cing ch6ng
ldp len nhau, du cli bill clich tllpc*n nuv
dfo
<h[p nltjn J1t',fc. Htnh 6•6rnlnh h 9,u. ; du
v, motu'! h11p hJ1;1l pltu Ito trnng c!oi cuu
m(,1 cu611$1\ch

t "tr I ·I
l6fo1rl"1!ipl,,,L·• ,..:tmt,Jlhi l.lri1,1 '
1nnp:Jol tn, h111w,,n.i..f'I 111<nn'}i'11C•11111A
tht.:,w.1uuud1.l ...:J,;)tlnl!i. •UL•lll.JJ1
•b.l\"''1i;t NJ1 I udrrm 11..l>t'Jff ,1li1h.,.hmt.
JoL1>1.:lrnor ltolx1hv.t.tk,hWtlkutt-1 1lh\11,-;:
m,.j,.l .. n •lb.rm1h1 \I
 tli\.ng dLf(/c di u chinh. MOI 6 lll<'ti cluong h;1 cllnr Ctl
lhEkcl fl(fp
(J hJoi duang baseline ,·m 1tht1ng kieu 6 hJt•i rruyfa Ih611g khuc d€ l " r.1 111v1
<, llJt'Ji riil f>hitc lOJ' vii Unh ho I, nhu mloh h,;,n fr
Kht 1hie1kt' dn ch(fa lt11,1og , n bbri Hinh 6-3. Hinh-i
dang kev(li 11191 k,ch1ht1,k pol111duy
minh hQn ,·I d11 ''" o lt!lil dtillog b:J.sdlne che phu fen
nhnt lnh,r mQI 1i'.J hi\o d,.\t,g h rl). lhl 1i_\ trnni;doi cua mf,11 c-111111 $:\ch,
lc 1h1.!1 l p
?, h.101 dl.l ng baiiellne (h;1.wllnc grid) s
rut hrt□ ich. or. la d11 loiJ.i O lul'll n3)•co th€
glup b n d.\111 b,\o cacdong vil.n biln
trnng ahungc111 Ion con duc,c,cep tMn.h
Mng vii 161 lln M.1 vJf,:_ ll d ng k.hl\ng
gann 1r1mg lnyqul, DI Igo lnynut d1t<111g
baseline, b n ch! drt thfu11 clc du/fng
grc5ng hg111ig b
nhung khn5ng dilng khOng g)an c cch
ueu
nhn11 \·so k1ch 1hu,1c po.int Clio kie11 chu
b n chqn Chao g(!!n1 r.i le.idlng}. Niu/ ''9)'
se l u r,1 nh(!ng ltt11lng (o khd n ng
,:h(fa
de,·an banr51 .huan b.lu vtli kich
1h11e1c hiUI nm6n. Khong m y I.\. de:
lhay dol ve ku:b 1h,1,1c point cli th.!
trong riil kh:ic lg troo O llldi dlll'lng
bnscllne, do khOng the
chia Ly It le.1ding vdl chit neu khi,ng am
1. h, p vno b luoi.
Nfo tung ,·l l &tong nh(lng culln vci co
tlu/Jng ketnt6cdriy. rile h\ b1tn do it
dgng 6 luoi dulmg bnsdlnc. Giong n hu
nhilng duilng xanh du<Jng nhvl bi6'u thj
dllirng base.Iinec-ho moi phep dn bnn viet
tar ci10
n. c idcu < ' l n g gfong CU'! (\ llf{li
dtf/Jng b;uclln, rung c16ng vnl tro
urdng L\I val chil, Neu ban djnh su
d1111g m6t k1c.h
lh,t<ic pdint chuan cho chil 1rung pMn
vi1n b n nof Jung, (l 1t1, i d,rirng ba
cllJ1e co I hl gilip b n ,!6111 bAo rdng
c:bil se de dang dll\1< p xcp \'Ud
kh<rp vl kh6ng giun g,lla de d.cit!O vdn
vc'I, nh.ilng 11cu d xung qunnh •i! cl
 I
Clil/ONG;; I

I 11,1 •l•IU,ionp;lt••"'4ilJe
.,cphi.I ltn t4t ,i,h11)i
1, lltnl'I l\ A
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Ltlai uu tien

_.._
Llfcri uu ticn (h,er,uch,cal grid) r,h hiiu

·- -··
- ... ic:h khl m¢1 lrttog j ll u phi! bao ch(la

--
.u1iUl•ia

nhicu log.I th6ng tin c6 :,;u hlfong dlf\lC

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xrm ntng bi t. CM M<lllg g,6ng cbia
... t cb trang th nh nhil'u phnn. lll i m6i
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ph.in clu1o d,.tng tung lo,i thong \in va
,.::,-_ i,&,,,u.l•,-oJ-- ._..kl, ... .,,_ _,_ _...

•-'- ._..,.,_...-..,..._..,...\...-,.,...... _ -t••···.·...-·

dot ..,,....nhou. L(l;ll l'i hJdi noy
t\l'!ng khac
thuung d'iJ c duns cl.!'. tQ.o ,rang Web.
'···•·*..lt••"-•11o...........
_"' ,.,..,..
...........
........1r-ml4........
do YJ c nh<im cac m\lc lien quan voi
....._,.,,_,·,-11..,-,.............
nb@ co the hf> lr dleu h11&ng
-·-•- ..i.--........... •-., ....,._,,,........ lthanh lrong ni(')I In.fling ky thuot o.
the b.µ, d&quen val llfoi uu
lifo, boi hliu hc-1 pbrui m m qu.in l)l
·- - :, ...,-
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t;
thLI di til (e-mail) d u sit d1,1ng k1cu
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o 1,t,11 nliy M t6 ch,k mii dung. Vi de
--,--.. -- ... -.-:.,o;- ..-- ..- -·• klell tMng tin c1,1 th.!co th€dU,;rc tl.m

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-
thnr 11hn1 qunn ,.,.J 11hilng khu ,·t,tc
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- cl,I djnh snn cim 6 lt!Cll, nen nguoi

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·..••"1-.._,..,.. dung co the d dllng dieu lnll ng qua rul
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·-,_ ... li u cl£:de djoh 11bonl1 vi trf DQi dnng

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.,,,_,. ..,_Ju...-•- c,;i tM. l lli1l1 6-8 1nlnh hQ v[ dv.• h!ai

·-· _ . , , 1 1 .. _...-_-.,-.··..._._-....
-·--- ·-- -·-.. ... -...-...... ,.... •
uu lien che phu lcn ,n¢t chlfcmg 1rlnh
·--·· _ ,. v ,...... .. . .. _
cl-. <I W ..

Lhll
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 I I
f.u11111u 1itn dill' rft It I cllUern,: 1r,nhH11-,1flirt t
ru.il,l.t .\Jkrn,.w 4 1.u.U...dl.
 I CHUOllG6[ 247

Cac phudng an Ii llfdi phi truyen thong khac

l\1ll.c dii tl luol th,ri1ng ,f,l<,lCdl/ng nhl LInh.il 11.t11l1ung 1.hfl!ng ng,1ng \'n d9c, S(lug bon
cilngct\ I h• kit h\1p c I ch<' Glc dtl/mgg.16ng heo hoijcc<ihinh d ngl I v«1 nhau deIQU
r.n o hr«i. V, d1,1. rllnb 6·9 mmh lwa mi)L Lhicl ki1 d\la Lr!:o kicu O luoi vol enc vbnJ! trtln
d(,0111am (CMC ntrlc clrd ).

I ·,1
..._4 .,..._ 1.:ut
1(a,; \ Jt:o&itn
1u1111 J1rum11,"·
uh 1tu.kn 0'°11dj.;.h
1.11u1anh rn,I(:

l ,1,tr-.u1J-t n1ta1.. """"" ,.1(-1•• .. rh11

W,lu1tg:lltr•••h11•l•••• a.. 111\)itmn
J.lq;Ua.

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-
248 I Sil oy,,1H1alj
cAc VAN f)E cAN CAN NHAC VE HiNH O NG VA KICH THUOC
Do, kit!. b,to cdo dieu cbinh nu)!d6111Jqngco hinh d ngkh6ngdfusno ch11 viJ,a· n.
nhll mlnh h11,1 b lllnh 6-IOa, vuo mOL O hJoi nb,r tren Hinh 6-I0b. C,1ch 1<11 nh[1<I[ Lh!
Jc hie_n Ji u n/iy A11.111ug-t11,;mg ra 111¢1khung glai hfn (bounding box) an bU(1<)UJUtb
<161111,;mg chnm vAo cac qnh ngoo.i d111g. nhll mirth hood Hinh 6 IOc. Hiiy sil d1 ng
cru: qmh thil.ng vi cac goc cu ld1w1g gf<'li hgn M C'lln giong thil11t<Jng ihen m(>I 6 h!
€1i. nhubiiudlon tren Hinh 6 !Od.

I - - --- -. -
i
I
I

II.nil I·> JCJI I rh

I

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II I
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1111111 ,., ar nh I 0(11

lor!'lff'1,M'lt han,-ho..i l'llff .ant\ Cl hlnh,1!Hll U11m
Jiu JUA,I ...," 1,:lun,.1ht11 11\lit/!IJ.ll

allay (khoing c!chglua hal cqt viinban), vung
kMng _glan am MP c Ja IAch c c c¢t
diem dlinh dau (market): d u hi u oho blet vj
trf cOa mot lhimh pMn 1 p lai ttong loyou vr d
oh dau 1111ng (running [0011ho c s6 trang (folio).
gutter (khoang each CQI gliia hal trang llfnkl!
J: khong g,anhlnh manh !>61 hal I Mn trong
layou1 Clla met Cl06n 91\cn 1To$c rap chi ltlim
gAn gay sach nh!L.
ill (morgln): nhllng khoang ktiMg ginn am nllm
910a cac c.inh Mn ngollI oita vung O hldI va
dlnh dang
khung glol hJn (bounding box): hung n bao
xung A1Janh m◊t d6, tuqng cQ Mnh d ng kM.c
lhubnp d& c n gi6ng d6l W9ng Iheo m I O
llk!I.
ltang dlil (spread): haJ uang I16n nhau cua
mQI 01J6n sach ho e 1q.p chi d ng mo, tea nAn
mOI layout ll nrvo.
tnl<fna (rleld): mMijn cita 6 lu¢1, la nol '
vAn ban va hlnh anh.
vung 6 Hiol !grid area con goi1a t.rang van
ban hay vung van ban): vllng rat i,rqu qua
nlim ben ltOllg c!lnh dang, ta ndl co the I
vAn bAn vii
hlnll enh,
ICHUCHO6 I 249
TONG KIT CHlJdNG
Hau hct 1iJJ lieu nhieu tro.ni nhlf tl)p ch(. sach,
buo c:lo 1h,rung n!i:n, hrot:hurc v,\ de ta bllo J u
dllqc t.tl!l1k! val olll,Yc Olucrldcm IJ1.itf nh
1bo11gnhnt va
c([u true cho ml U u cung tthU' tung Web. Su d\
ll1g olu<IJ ,6th.!ghlp nh4 thitt k tift kl¢111d t.hl!i
glnn Un .:hi phi, bu, Lui chi .:an ru quyct dinh vl
la)·e>m
m(uI/in, s:iu dp c<I the lip U\fnll clio ale tr.uig.kh
• cirn tili li u. Thuy "l d,ta m <1uyet ,ljnh mal cho
m,11
,ran 111c1i. socJ11ng o luoi cunsglup1.oJ li u de
Mp dn ti gln hem, d,, tinl1 ll.inh htrcing duqc cal
thle,-. nb11 vAn s\l nhiit qnun ciu,o lU(lc
Nhn 1.hiet kl can rn quye1 d[11h v l yout con ti
h16I d\13 vho ch , nilng c(i:1 n,), dt1ng th"l phat
tl'1ln layout d11.1 tr n concept tb1ct ke. r u du
ve. nOJ dung, kkh LluJOc cuo btl.n lliiEI kevii cac
U1i\J1b phan cun 110. 1\t)' nhlen, cJh,u qunn trQng
0
c5n ghi nho lh 6 IU'o, clii Jll<Jc si) d\lllg nbu
mQLc6ng .:v. hoijc linb hm)I h!l cung t1hk
Khl di\ ,-.il thl dll,.Jc st! hit!
hoa ho c ttnlt d.n blng, nhll clu.!t kl c:in t o ra
rthilng11go i Ii- cho Ll1icil k€ 6 IU6i.
2so I Silc11ma • 1in11j

1 . T l sao nha thiel k6 l i si'I dvng Ii h.loi?

2. K' ten hon loal .6 hJdi va mo ta cac toal 1Mng tin phu hcrp nMt vol muc dioh su dyng
cua nhOng ollltii nay.
3. Nha thlet ke sa c!vng o hJijl C§ teo ra layout nhtJ the nao?
4. lam th6 nao c6 m¢t d6i 111crng co hlnh dang kMng d6u co u, di/ere orui gr6ng theo r,
11101.Khung giol h n fa g1?
5. 0 IU61co du'r;1c nhin thay trong cac thJSI ke cu6, cimg dl.(90 cOng tr6 chlnh thuc kh6ng?
6. Gob.it buoc phal can gi6ng lat cacao thilnll phan cua mQI thil!t ki! theo o IUol khOog?
 I CKUONG &I 251

Bai tt;i,p
1 . Hay quan saI nhung co6n slich. t p,chi,111bao. brochure. poster va trang Web de tlm
m vi dV vii 6 1116-i ban lhao, ¢ 1\/ai cot.16 hop lllai cCing nhl.l h.11111.1U tibn.
2. Xac djnh o ll!dl cua ntta lhJ!!t kl!1rOng nht.1 the nao trong m6l vi (l b n tlm dtJQ'c 11
Bat l$p 1. B n 06 tha lhl,te hf n clieu nay bang each ve l I nhl7ng dllling gf6ng re
rbng cho mlii lh161k l n m¢t manh giay.can trong su61. Sau do., hay kl m Ira mQt
lal l1 u nhieu lrang nhll sach ho c l p ch[ dl ,xem O ltJ<il ddn dti'QC dOng d l O
ra nhfeu lrang dOl
ra sao. 0 1·m¢t mleng glay can 1rong su6t I6n mOI trang d6I ma b n chQn, ve nhOng
dl/Clng glong ma b,i.n nghf do chinh 1/JdtJllng gl6ng dtJQC nha tl111!( ks' SL/ dvng. p l
quy lrlnh nay trbn vai 1rang dOl 1rich tiJ m¢t an phAm llldng 11,1, si.r dVng oae manh gl y
can lrong su6t khac cho mlii Jlm b n thl,lc hi n. Cu61 cung, hay co gang vl!19i 6 li.161
g6c cua nhil lhii!t ke b ng each xep theo khol dl)C t§'t cacac ban can biJ.n dii. v-eIla
kel hi;ip v I cac dllb'ng gi6ng tu mo! bat) oan.
3. Slf dung nhilng lh6ng tin ban llm hl u dll C VB hQ chO o Chuong 3 d lao ra mOI
cu6n sach nho vol o 11101. M6I trang do! n n \l t tan m¢t hQ chu, liet ke c.\c
di6m chung va chi ra ,t nh t rn¢t vi du Hay clJ c ch n bijn da chi/a du kl\ong
giao cho cac I hen lrong de th[ch nghi vdl pht.long pMp dong gay di\ cMqn.
4. V6 cac dtJong glong dQC. ngang va cheo d& 1 0 ra m¢1o11101bao g6m rt nMt a truang.
0.6 ta, 0 lllo1 cua bll)lb6n Ian 16n g1ay Bnstol. de t o ra bon layout nang bi J. C4t
nhung manh giily 1(/ eac cu6o l p chi r61 dan cnling vao cat trlli!ng trong O lu'ol cua
biJ.n,de l o ra b6n b6 C1/C klT c nhao, trong d6 mof b6 eve IUall thu nghi m ng t O
11/61 bgn da
1hii!l l p. va moibli cue Mt hQ)) vdicac truilng theo each khac nhau.
 IChi! trong moi tnJifng ky thu t soI

T MY TYPE

{1}
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Ck l..lumc hudt t1111n,rl lu ,1'11111 ho.'lt ttlnll ur,.fo .':1.1t \h f1·r,.·
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Nrun dllr,1c cac v 11 d.1 ve linh 16 rang (leglblhty) va tfnh d d9e (readability) khr
llen vol chO 1rl11h ohieu (sere.in typography).
GiaJthicti cuoc bang each nao ma d¢ pllan glal man hmli (screen reso1u11on) co
th anh hui!/og d n vl c 1t,ra ChQn. SU dVng va thiet ke font
Lam quen vo, nh1eu d1nh d(lng font khao nhilu.
nm va cal d 1 ront 1ren may tlnh.
Chu n bi nhOng U11et ke chtla cac font can In ra..
• Ti;io duoc kich ban hlnh anh (storyboard) ct,Qm¢t sequen11esi) dung chO chuy n
d¢ng (kinetic type)

Gi(Ji thi¢u
Theo truyen 1i16ng, typography la m¢t nghe thu cling hLlclng den S1/ tlhl tlel, ti mf
o mile cao,t i a6 cac nhathletke.v6n c6 c¢ngco thuc d y ti/ vrec yeu th/ch
letlerform (m t chO). da f/lmvl c voi tung s c thal cua m6l net chO (stroke) vii
serll trong cac ky 11,1. Kien nlian vii 1$11 !Am la nhOng ph6m ch.it then ch.61gli,p
nha thiet k_e l o ra c c typelaoo mill. Lydo lavi d
hoan tdt m¢t typeface mol, nhil thiet k 06 th t
nhieu !hang, tham chi nh1eu Mm lam vi$C tlf/C.
COng ngh may tinh c!A lhay ddl toan b¢ dl u d6 vr c tl p n (lLICCv6'1phAn
cung c(ing nhLIphAo mem lhich hQp da giup Mt cu nha thi t k6 chuyen
he$ kh6ng chuyen nao cung co lh dl! dang va nhanh cMng lrc'I lhanh m¢t
nha sang t p chu (type rounder). Ket ua 1a, da xua'.1 h1en mQt Ian song tran ng
p aac typeface mOI. phong phu ca ve chat hf!(ng Ian i,¢ each tan.
Nh1eu ngVo'itnay may tfnh C!M vii lhll vi han So v6'i cac Ong cu sa.n xua!
thiel k6 do hQa ban drui. Tuy nhien, oac nha thlet k chuyen nghlep hoan toan
dong y rang chia kh6a quan trQng nhal glup sang l o nAn nhllng lhi I k6 chal
1Llr,1ng nhll c6ng ngM may lfnh la phai luOn ghl nM rang: May tinh chang khac gl
m¢l ct\ng c1,1. Nh1.1 nhlAu cong cl) khac, may trnh la m¢1phllong fl n ma nho
Clo, nM thlet ke c6
th bl n trf tu<ing f\/9ng cua mlnh lhanh t,! n thvc. M c du cac tlnh nang cua bet c(r
phuong lien nao cung c6 tn6 anh hLl6'ng den each truy!n dijt cua nha th, t ke. song
d1eu quan tr1mg la n n(mdua ra nhilng h,la chondi.la lren co sak1en thu'o vung ch.\c
w
ve lhuye1lhi t ke,Chu oi/ng (j bl din d t lheo COi\ Ill/Clog d6 dang nhilt ma cOng
Cl,! c6 lhe mang Clan. M(il phLIC1ng tl n truyen 'd l khllng bao gld ch! huy dUr;fc
mOI thletke hay ki m soat dL/Qc m¢1san philm • chi nt,il thfel ke mol lamdL19c
dleu nay.
Suet hang !ram nlim qua, cac quy 1/oc typography de tlen trt n theo each SIi dVng chu
fhlcl'th p. Cac tiAu chuan nay Muhel d tJ dl,la trim nhungly thuy I dang pha\ 1rl,n

..
v&each lhuc t61uu h6a tfnh 10 rang va tfnh d dQc cua chil. Nhilng nguyan1Ac
nay
d bl thach thuc va thi'.t nghl m, ca vem t thi1i giaoJan tinh khoa hQClh6ng qua vl c
sudung va to i bo.Kh1 ap d,mg chochOtrinh chieu, nhieunhath1et kenh n thay cac
quy 1.1oc nay thuc sl,f chlfa thoa dang hoackhong phu hop vdl moi tnJ/Jng ky lhu t
so.
 254 I CIIO tronw mm truona ky ttiuit,! I
CHO TRiNH CHIEU
E>(>cghl rn\1 n g h l, m-hu trl11h chilu I rcn may unh r:h k!L\c >O vcridjnhd nggl«y
in. Do.Iii do VOi 131 li u ,n, d(lc gii top lrnng m t l'UO Irang giay vb, die n l chi!
tffJl do, Trnng m(\I1r11ang ky th11 l - hQ P 1rung m6t ,110 man hlnh dang ph.tt
ra Cllc ;ong
4nh $ll_ng (light w,we). E)Jeu n r "6" ••1 m cho m.!.t m t mol lmn nhffu.
Ng,,a.i rn, de) philu1;101th5p<cu mun hinh m.iy tmb kh6ni; thc!.t.h t ,;,I ,m,.'rc d◊ chi
11€1 ITh1 m:ii•1inh co khti nang u.10 ra. fJleu niiy c6 nghra Ju. dunuy tinh co thebitu
,hr,.icc.icl,tterforr11o nn cmt d1l titit, ti mi. nhung,hi phfen Ir.in gi,in
hrqccirncl1un_g mo, co tbt! du(fc hu!n thl tr!n ml111 hinh m,,y tinh.
\1o1M11n.1r1lo-• h-.rh1.t..
Arih ,tc /1 114-c J..'ofu1I... t'Util
1

f. rrgt Wr Anort,Hnf omt

t tp. tt/,)11(/ t,f1 11fo(n1m:ltt
,lwiJr,.,4,, hmh A-'ic11»c1ut
l'rl"' ,wm J/C&. l U,u, ,•l
Chu,, www.wc-1uf,,(ld1n.cd.
\.t1mJ._lk.t1w:_ul
Trr-i .1p1M'Lfnml
Oq phan giai hien thi
Mi1n hlnh mar Linh blenthj d,il ,.,;hlnh tinh b/uigdeb cbicu &Ing len nltifo
16h.:rp khk nh:w drn c,lc pixel (dli!m ;inh) • nhil'ng hlnh .-u6ng 11 ll l11m tit
.-.le .:hlim do,
xnnh ln,m·h.x:inh Lic.i,•dihmh thonh m()t O h16", 1.roi kMp mllII hlnh,
nbLlmlnbhon unnh 7-1. S6 hl(lng clc cham nn)' chi s,lng gi(ip dem l l rmk
d<)s>lng11h51 d!nh cht> mQt pl xel.
l\'Lncdu c-o kich th,tac nho, nhungde p,xcl rungdit l<ro d mt.1ngu11i chil yd€n,

A
dod6 nhilttg litlong no.\1ciu1g nhLl miip ct>ng ,'Iixlan lroug r;ilgl6ng V(Ji hlnl1ra1,g
alA.11h11 mlnh lw if Fllnh 7-2. M n hlnb mnytmh c6d(i phnn gi:ij hien thi tit 72
den 96 pixel cho m61lnch vuOng (ptxd, persqWIJ' !nth• pp·Q, phv tbti<)co kich
thlfflc1-il nh3n
hi u min hl11h · th phun nhl u so1-,< 1l! ophnn gial mil may tinh w may In co

A
On ,JJlh tn , tu 1hf,J, thligu
rn. Xei 1· n,;\t cong ngh 111itn hlnh mliy 1.111.h 11\ln hi l I l i<1.'ing sau l'Jt x•so \'O'i
c;,c bdn <ao !hill Ill m:iy linh khac:.Jo d6,,. lam chn-:1'111 nhln ln\ng 611 tren n11i.n
hinh 1r11th&nh m6l ,1uan rim thil y,!u. xe'p1<,1u Y<1l du lilm chodultm ne11rti
rang.

tcndtt L,h 111111111ui'11

dao;, pu I

Font nhung
Vnn de mil c;\c nhn thic1ke phlii dci, phu lrllng nhicu n rn 1/c /y(u(in , m d'u(IC
In.:ltJl,1t m◊I font, \11fontdo pht\i dllcll d t lren 6 d'lllcang (hru-d urlve) trong
may
ttnh ,un nglf\\-t :mn, Neu font dl.l\fc chi J1nh khong h• n di tten .S d:ia cu.ng d6.
nmy tinh,;c th,tc bi¢n lhno lli.cdctn gidnf/,,cb9n,m9t phuangun·thn)•tM. D,(,u ru\ycc'I
nglllll ng, m◊t lnyc,qt ho c m◊t 1:,1I dt19c rhi t k theo m(>t 1011r1lon!J bl t tnlng
,ii khru:hoon loan1<.hi xcm tn.'n nhllng mdy tfnh kha,;.
Duy lu )'bi Lll cM d6i vt11cic nhilth1. rkclam vl ch:\ngphlfong u n \q"'thu4-
tso. Dode 61..- fonl chu ngtloi xcm I bi\nh v, ph,µ11 phap. B n cgnh do, se rot 1hi.!"11 th\lc te ldu
font (10111file) di,u kyvoag ng11b, ,:em ph:li mun nbilng fonl ddc bi l lr ilchidi!x m biln th!ct kedw
dtl<J.:lu Ib.in qu)in dung klftJ· dilcbl tLl. khlln\n &llilitdi1,&n danl, cho m(\1!rang Webc6ng khnl m -
lr.\o \ , n?n vl c,!p 1cr1al m,;,i ug,tili d LI co lhe X<'rrt du1,1c.

...
1 m 11 p: Trf>n'Q40 nq11m y Ut\h mo1 trnm.-p lnAYP«tn11P! l• n c hi ,DQi,t,u I.Qchac;.a;n'hd9n,; t1!t!h1nh•nt1OUQ.t00119Cfl!UVnu h.n,i Inn
 JCHUONG 7 J 255

Dn do,d€th\lC5\1kiem 5\>UI,cad, enc Lhiet k tren miln hlnb hic:n lhl tnJo
m[Lngllllixtm.clic nit.\ thl6t k£ d.'i phiigitl'i hgn ban thanch!dungnhetng
lont thlllmg !WP nhfit trcn m&y tlnh, .:Mng h n nhl.l Time, " TU•p1110FumnguclnlJJ51/klit Mp
Roman, Arin!,,i Cou-rwr V61.nhiln&do n van nho h<1n. motll!• chon gn7a hai liJ 'plctur&• ("hlnh anH1
khk I r o ra mOl anl1ll ng bltnlllp (bltntappcd lm>gc) cun vi\11 bun d6 va vl ·otemenl" t tllan phAJ\"),
!Liu 110 1hi1nh file G/F. Tuy nhlfo, ch! n ltfr,,c nnyco Lhe thi('ll thl/c
re,do file anh co l<lch th,wc Ian hun nhi;u so , }i du ll u vlln bin,. ,i
vny ma gni· con tboi ginn htln cho v c W Lru.ng Web"l ,'-'!QI chuf
si.' ding 1t hem nliu rnlly dnh dm ngub1 xem khung h,enrhr dllt:fc GHI CHUI
hinh iinh; lxti nlnt"0)' hQschoil.nto n
khbngthn)' ull(Jc ,•an bdn <Ill. Ngoill ra.neu kich lh1l1k ci1n ,'i\n blin ,fang
l1itmnp tang, tmng v3n oon do nhl.lbj vi, ra th nh uhlfu pixel (pi.x,1at d). Onll dUQC COll\' R thanh
G5.n d y, ngutli Ill dii prult trit!'.n ciic 1111h m\.ng m6-i din phrin men), dang anh bilmaD g,u di/QC
chn phcp ufl IJ u fould c nhitn,g•ao 141ll u,-a trang Wei>.d6ng hau t,GI 06 ro rang kh1 tl/U ou ,
lhilid11, phiip ngtl(ll x m rn,yc-4p upn thal hp ,ch ndieoen dll'lg me
nhflng.funt,•onkh611gtlllc;,c
GIF N l/CC1111. cacbUCruinchup
se glO dUot db r6 rang oao nh/ll
cni d t tr.am:\y ri.uh dm hq.C.-kfom nhling (emb,-ddcd font,) niiyc.ho phcp nfo luu ac1 11g file JPEG
nha Ihle! k;i!bao 10'111 lf11h Loa,, V l1 tr\lC,1uan Cvlsu.,I ln!cgrlty)
CllOban
th,Et k - dong tha,. ngui/1xem ,6 thcthify vii ,n nbetr,g.!nyout th,et J«!
d(l
tu bateLI mliy lfnb nilcl. giong nbu cllungdt11,tc ll,mkl dlicdc
foutugui·rln
g&,·ly . l'ont nbungclin llc.m l(li ich la co tb( l\lnch9n ditc;,cgiOng
nhu
f1111h I -I
Tt.1.Utr \\c:b ulln lb) Ui(•Ikw.)
cll,u·. ILbiJ.11 co tM thd)' d1i'u nar 11l'anh
h1,1p mnn hrn.h11Hinh 7•3. lunl u1nin111,Sc,,n ·1n l11a
r1t11)ng 4t4 fuql t6 Jwn r.
IJJ.n.:Ju,fu 11.1,.
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Tiit,J oh 111n•f.i ,tlu1flli . ltdn f,

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'l\11 nhlen,«> viti ,·Sn Je gay kh6 kl,;l_n !Am gftln, bcntinh crng d1mg 1l11/c t
cun font nhung. ll<li I . enc trlclh duytLfbrm,set) Web nhu lnl1!rn LE,rpldrcr
• .-II::Sctscnpc dt!u th6ng ,11111. nhilng tlfat chu5n khac ,,,1 phJn nu!m
nhung, d,1 d6 di') 1llO"!I (11kb (compatlb1lltyl lllila cac trioh du)'tl Web
tr!'l tbi111h m◊t ,,:in IN diii vcri ,,i¢c hlEn U,j liil U¢u HTML. Ncl'u irlnh
dur¢1 Web cun ugd//i xem kh6ng twmg thkh. may tlnh se thar thE !>:Ing
font m c dinh.
256 I CIIO t,cmgm61lf Ong k9 1111111s6 I
E>leu 11ar c{Jnghi• rhg, nh:i ihiel k<!p"hdi l O (Q
Mn thlft kf dit.nh i:ho nhilng rnmg RTMl,. thl,1
1.h11,. but k 0JLl<1i xem c6 rh,ty dlt<Jc Cont g6c
plxel (dl,m inh): ddn VI 6 hloi nho nhal cua thong hay kh\ing. VT thl)c hanh nhungfon1cilngh\m
bn d6 h9,! 110 lh' dt/Q;c dl4 khlfn dd hl,n lhl d.tr lt!n nhleu von dh..!d,:,C quyln gapnrnh cii
mOI m u s c hoec d6 d m nhijl xik djnh Iron vll hi o ,-fui dang bib6 ngo, mGc du m,)t 6
mim hlnh may llnh CRT (Cruhode-Ray Tube • 6ng ,,,og ty 1hl!1ke chit dii eel gAng glai quyEt
phOng di$n
tu chAn khOng_J vi\'n J nnn g,n, nay bil.ng cich cungc p gm)'
phepb6 $ung
_./ chn ,·l c nhot,g tom.

TINH RO RANG VA TiNH DE DOC TREN MAN HiNH

C11cr trtnbcbu'iu mo, chi tic!n 1ncn du<,.1c xr/,i thOp nit'Jl, do dO co qwi fl tl n
I h6 lr<J de nM lhic!'t kt n, quyi1 djnh v,!each thttcu,iuu h,ia llnh re, r.\
ng fleglblllty) w hnh de dQc (read11blltry) 1ren mnn blob. Tuy oh,en,
mQT so ch1en l,i<Jc thlft k<'bat dau xoat hiqn. co tl1c gtup lch chock
nhn 1hie1 kl khi hQsiJ d1,1ng 111ph:it Iden l,>ol.:hi! dungM dQC lren
n,An hlnh.

OH•hinh p,•rl-.uu JJ>\11f..y
Kich thuac
Kkh 1huc:1c (1!1.e) I mQI nh:in 16dong vui1ro rat quan m;mg d6i voi1/nhTO
rnng dm chit 1-renmiin hlnh. Dot Yoi typography trcn til.i11 ,1to. klch
tbuoc lqi ding tro nln quan I rQng, b,)i m,it d(,cgl.l 1h,Wngg p kh6 hAn
khl ghll
,na. nhi!ngcbil.:-.iI v6n qu:i nho.Tinh l.r ngnay cnng t r-Jm Ir9ng hon i
rong
m611rtCllng kf l11uGt s6,xu5l phdl tiJ th\l, l r&ng de chil di dll('c giam
uyng kkh 1ht1(1c nho hem, d,t1,1e !JJo dl,l.ng tit 6 pixel tl hem, Jo tlo
m6 ct\ hl11h dung 1.M hdn, nhu·b,1n c,I 1hi!1h y l Hinh 7•4. Nh,r 1110t
quy t c chung, h:iu h,!1 fn11t ky thu l ,6 ldlgital lont) deu,ni nen k.h6
Joe tren mlu
h,nh er nbung kich thicoc nb,1 hdn 10 poml (pl•)

l\lth..ydtil IIINUi U. h
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nc_d_l)pc-i21tn•rl hi

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tlu,l,,i.V•lo(ul kfuh, nh.au
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nmJtrlrp 1..a nlrlrrM 1r1rh
plt.f'" lt le. tluutt
1,i l1h
1mm Mnh A '\.rm.:,,1
T,i lt.»•i 4,.·lt:"i ihu..:
\ Clult,n',1tNtf}t Wtl,
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 •••• Tt!O'ng t\f, buy nhO' n\ng kh.i ,ii d11ng nhit1J kich 1.h<tacd1il kluk nhau
trong c ng m◊l layoul. c:.k kytl)nho ,• n1dnh hdn se c61i11goM fl ch,li gi\l

•••• hdn so val nhung ky1\1l{tn v dlm lu1n. Ne'u •I! ltb .c bi t q,uang h,;oc n
r gtly
khokhan cho thlet kccu• b n. hll}'s1'in Jal lhicl k b ngctich dilu chlnh
•■ di\
lllol/r1,1, (s.imrn1lou) con nhC!ng d i l l d' i co k,ch thtlck l..hnc nhau df
chilng
c6,-. ngt:ml ph(, hO'p, nhuminh h(m b Minh
7•5.
 257
Small.-, lhfnne.r letters Smaner thinnerletters Smaller lhll'tner lette_rsSmaller thinnerletters

Larger thicker letters Larger thicker letters

Smaller thinner letters Smaller thinner lette,s SmJlh:r thmnet l ttcrs Smallfr thinn-=r lette1s

Larger thicker letters Larger thicker letters

Typeface
Khi chi! can nho han 10 pomt, c;ic funt dll!fc rb,et k€chuy.en b, t cho nbntr.n:(., . ,u '\11,l tll 1ni.M'u
mnn dlt'-'Chlin tl1l •di haJ 1u.lu dCJJ
-..;. hfog.
l1lnh se th/hi n kkh tlnloc t1i1Y t6l nhti1.DAr J nhllng font .ti ihll)'c thlet
nn, ph11 Nh•rnK1.ln1Ion
k€ d1,ta trfo 6 lu6i bao glim ak pbel lQ!J 11 11 man hlnh mnr rinh. 1·huyvl hun duv'-Jel 111ll wu,m,1
(dCMl IJil')11, 1-tto chn.i1. hit
c.h((,fc thiet kl rOi diinhl is.1u.d6 dthii:n thi trin miln hlnh. M¢.1s6 font
,Jltr(•l1J1.rih1' 1 4;11'tti'"tr-I VJ\I
pixel(pixel blUlaimnl10 h11u 1,IJ..1d1Uuf&.
font) diu IienJuQc thiet kela Chk,1go, New Yol'k, Monaco. Gcncv;i.
Churco:iI
,'11 Ludda, M{,1S<'S font pixel m6'1 bctn co kM n011ghifo tJ1I tGt ,;, nhilng
kkh
thmk rat rtho.chfing he,11 nhll MiniTva Atom, tuuf minh ht,>3i'I Hlnh 7-6.

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Kieu chil
Nt"u b n muon opd11ng 111◊1kieu cbil (t}·pe style) cho rn◊t fonL. tot nhal lo r11ul
,\nhctiqpmimtunh",;1> fnn1
Mini- Ju l,x-(1111, 1-Ct
My luOn dung klfocliil<lo ngt!III Llti,;'t k6font do l{lo r11, clut dllnS M 1b1it1 •.. ihlintr.ii'\a 'iimn
..fol\,ul \\'ooth,n tltli1lu Ibi:11
phln mim ap cho kicu chi'/ thl(,fc ll)O tLf mi\)' rinh, Boi lo!, du mAy 11nh ph,11 '"" ,fo 'i.tlnlfcm,,. ,;nm
co rh, o kieu bold (dgm) ho c italic tngh,eng) cho huu he'.! cac font. .:J,lJl.'HJ/1
nlttrng k6L<jud s.; bi blEn d ng, M◊I s6 v.!n de c.fo d c bl t cdn nh c khl
al? cit kic!u chu ho man hutb,
 258 I Cliiltr•n11miii hlfo'l[ k9lliujJ .a J
Kieu <hil Italic en tht: if4c bi Lkh6dqc tren mltn hlnh,
-
•
t11, J;a
;<.
r- pn,.. '"'"... %•'11
• ' ..
r.i,•
' .
1tncn.. a,1111
.
j
do nhung pixel theo luicmg xii!n thlfimg tr6oggioog cdc
b , tliang (Hlnh 7-;} Ell l61 l!u h611 tutl1 ro rilng lrl!o

I.
rmin hlnh.hnyh n ch6silciyng chi!IMu it11lk clm c:-.ic Lit
""1Jd:r.Hloo /liffeu/: dJJll lc.
19 nnd o,.,-«not Nair • tml diagJ1'19al:r
r,M k,,ctllraq,1cs,f;itr.w/e.F0r Kieu chi'/ bold trc11 mlu, hinh c6 thl! kh6 dl)c, tril phi oon
_ oju.Jiu,.,,.,.'(J,_d,;
O'pl,,ru,t bCJI«rnn. /Jl#JA ,uw

.J
th6m v;\o nhi lellcr;paclng Mng cli:h ditngt!nh 115.og

I• _, ...'
1 -·.t

In -:.i,11·s4 ...,
'I

' ta-.;
trockingcim pban mmi, l:ltu1cungcoth clin tttng lc"dtng
de cu,,gdp du khong gh10 om (neg.,Uw space} cbt1 vi c
nh n dl n kyn,t, nlnt minh hf/n aHinh i-B.
ct,l nen si d1J:ng1ypefnce k,a,ccmdcnsed (co)''" extended
1111,h 1 7' I (gUl.n) it nh& cc tM, vl chung th,tirng kM Iron man
Anh chup tnJrn hlnh ,•:ii\ bit1, dist'.. lhtft l p U1t10 blJJh, d c bo t Invol k,chthuac nh6 (Hinh 7•9). M(lt l
llliwthit11aJ1
(n chon tlllly the cho vi sil dvng
typef ce cond1:n<cd ho , CJCtended lh th11r d61
Lracking deginm h c tllng d\\ ng cuo phqm ,·i dong
(measure} do ma khonglilm lerterform lhlfe hi bii'n
d,>ng. Tuy nhicn, ha)' nM r n,g·iec giam
Baill,Jll!ftJin:Ht<-'"I■ 11t•y ti. '1ffk•lln1
..,.."'""'tt.n,w"-i- i.u,td.•1 rrockinggiOndcchi!cdl cfu1glum ginm tfnh r6 r&ng.
lldhl(,.,,..Ittnd\lnc fntU..

\'••111.ay •b• ud t• lan111r J.N 1,,-41-&

T o khoang each

J
.. ,-.n\oltit .aia,u.u -c•tff« 11.1.11:11tu·
r>,u,1H,r rn:-qlli1i•·•
Vl dQcgu\ c6 luoh nghitni nh.l.o b1€t tit ngi? quG hmh
,.. d,1og di.1 chu11g, n n ,·ung kMng glctn am bet1 tto11g
vil xung qunnh ak lctterfonn d6n!p'111 trl> rltt,1unn 1n,ng
th,I I HI <1111v(II tJnh
. nl1,h\JJ'm•n h11'\h In h•n tlU11.; 1htt1llr thC'to ro rang. D¢ phil.n g.i.ll 1Mp cua m n hinh m:iv Linh sc g,\y
k.iCv c.1111 bokl. ra nhll!u van clE ,· linh ro r ng vi\ 1:fnh d d(te ht1n, nbt viqc
cungcap lhem khortg gfon ;im ro.the'la mot ,h,€11h.t<Jc
qu•n trQng gitip d ..- gin d nh n dftn chi? cal vo tit ngi'I
hdn. Du m(,t mon hinh sang se lam mAr m t m<>i h(tn
..!.. 4

...........
nhleu, nen vi ., cung clip (1(1 khonggian:im buoqu,1nh ,,i;n
_ .._ .,._
a-- ..._...,,.. .... .. . . .. . . . .
J ban cing LTil nen
••t..lCl..:I ...,i:111..:o, thllt y u hon J61 vl/1 en t(nh ro rang 11n linh dl dl)C,

...
Conoan•od •nd
ht)lilll 111••.•.. u...,,t NtlfllfflAI!,
oeew.1u+w1Wld w i:,. <1101, \lit Nhn
..
lU ,-U . .., tc.-.ng,oei...,
D fl
tb16t kl phalliCt dcfo yi¢c k t b(lp m,:.1s6 yeu 16. nh n11 0
r.r mot t1161qunn h <.uiMng gliJ ho.I khbnggion d!!l.fng
vufun tr<lng m<)i bll eve.
1'rackl11g • Dedgt du<Ktlnh ro rong t61uu trfo miln hlnh.
h y thiei J Lghilrl tracking cuo.cha n tn 6'kho n!l lll +5
'"" I 11
AuhJJ-1:p 1M11htnh \'.l1t ban Jui..,, 1hlc1 f4p lhn den·lO,Ian vii11h11 mlnh h ,ni1H\n·h 7-10. Chi!1•etl
Ltl",hn'""'ult:1\,.J.\ "hUa.trr.J.n.l
kfth lh\/ac !on hemco th<!ca,,
rracking h hon. nong khi chi!
voi kkh 1h1tcic:oho hon ci.'> the' din
lru klng nhieu hr.Jn.
 ICHUONG 1 I 259
Lenrll11g · Cfo p d11ng Je.t<ilng ch<1 ch<l Lria mtl.n
hinh nhiiu hon so ,•(Jt till Ii in. nhum r6i ,cu h6o Linh
ro rang. Them 50°6 vilo J.,.,,dlng l:i m{,L qur l.\c hilu
nlnr bq_n co thl 1hlfy
hit11.x 1 tht0 kinh ngh,fm tJ-u.rc 11!.
,)- Hinh 7-11 Po
d6, ch3ng b n nl111kJdingd l iJ maJc L5 (1,.5) nh10
,:hung
,6 1ht dem l I tfnh ru ri\ng rii1on
Tl'•lkt11a fu .,u .. al ■11•nut l•Woll,!11 old,1• 11u1,11«-llu OITIIIU

I
L1ucn tn•,ftu. a.11, "lf'hl4 hu
f'l,11111 Ill d(J11g (man.rnr ) • d◊ d.11 loi
uu cua dong<hit treo uUl.ti11J. "I!"
t•t.lh.1 1fJ" •n-•.t..,,,,­
-•4 ••u•
tnAn hlnh ngfo h<m <o vtti ban In - khoang 40 k)' ttJ
m,\I dong•.•., vM ph;µn vi clong 16i uu cua l>,ln In 111\o
-r.:ClluJ ,.. .., J'i
khoiing 60 ky Lu rn61cllnig (dJfo nav so bu criJ phan fl nt l7 llf
naiocchn ,,1.;, 1ilo\m Lrncking thco khuy.!.n nghi bon lren. Anh.:h1,1rin'-"hlt1h,,,,. \·.ln h,1n khhngc:n
11h1i minh hr.,• 11. ,1.klng -.l ,.111b.\ti ,6 th m
tr.x:kluj!,
<f Hrnh 7-12).
Kfc/1 t/J,tbr d/J(m l'd11(puragmpl,5iw) • Di cl: l du(,fc :
tlnhdf
d9CtlS1 uu,b n nC,n giiicddlo n van 1.r n m n hlnhsao
ch,;,
r.h t ng:ln gQn. Cac do n van kh6ng n ,•ttQl qun JU 1.,....... Litdl.n•,....i.lM:.111•11rt1n11.u"' j
.,.-.,,1!■iv,-•"'-•""'11-uJIb11l'UI
den pillIii m1M,,., .,...,.._.&ibCS,., 4'iUOIC tl:.
Ult "'-'"1"'*•IH!1nY1i,oro,ll'Ui.-UJ'w.udl.

25 dongch,1 Jc xom dt.!,;,c161nh,tl Ire.a, 1n/u1 h\nh, Nna .......1,Qfo,.. r,a.:a.',..,

•--b-·• ••..J·••,fli
•,-...J.... ---th-.•-W4'1,t»
1cm.c.ic diJon vnn co thf diti h,tn m t chut.nhung
d1il
:J
1111111 mmXlrllO tlffl1n.u loiffll-ft Mlllllf•

nou chi! 1th6,bfiy gb:IdooJ, van cnng1,g:in cilng r61.

c,Ji, Ink bf mql (texlun:) • C.iu l·ru.cb mi1l611-1t1h€ C!:J'!!..c;_IU•t<JtU
cw, •Hnl ,, '11
v:in bann6i dung en mdi hMng ,,uap dgc b1 l vi'ti v6a b,\
11
dt111c em tr.en rnian hinh, Ml khoang dch chll m c dinh
cit" m(,t fo111 co 1he1r611g rat 1hilu 0M1 <Jut\n, • bi t
lo khi 1\ho.thict k€khong ap cb,ing GU! ky thuiit du. ,
IJ€t cho file font d6 (chi tilt vek} thu t dlcu tf61 edu<;1c
ban suu,
ogay rrong ch,rmtg 0/11•). Kltl dn tnk M m t cua m◊t do
n
vun b:\n tooug thic:u nh:11 quon. b n c6 the dctng kf· thu.\1
kerning. ho cJUuchlnhlcuer,paclng1hco 161tM c6ng.de d(mg Lren m n hlnh M lijO rn ck
1;:1ai quyct v1!Jld;lnuy. dlcm nhdn.Mi le,n nhilngcam xuc.
hoijc tQo ra m91tn)ug that. Mau sti.c kho,
ga;11 cac pha.n Ltngsinh
Mau s c ly bqc lln nhllng mlli ll n h tam ff
Nht1 trung typogrnphy in an, Jm\uc (color) c6 U1ldtl\lC <lu,;rc ti6j:, nh\)11 Uteo 1i&1
v:\n hoa. MAu /,c (ang gill• v dng-5m nhudo. vAng. cam• (ut,d,,,pm,nhmhcua rin run khoi;1g,ok:id1n,;
cong cu khuynh hu<'lng lam cho nhw um nhnnh h<rn. dl\ng vi\llti:16.n<CDtM•tu bdu1e..
th/1i
kiwi d\\)' nbiEud.111 gl.lc: lrong kbJ d6, nbilng mau l nh han
va it gat hon l icc\ khu.ynh hucrng de 1011n,:d◊ngm diu.
trd111 Hilbhdn.Tu) v y. nhung y nghia tiep nh ndt1qc v6n 6
ll ,1h
v, .... ,i.-,11-..i.-1; --•"'ll ...,,.tlt,,em.
IWN• -•••od.«ltbc, b .. ,,..,._,..
••tt1-1-"'" 11r •...,..-.""'1111.•
-lf•w•,..,
. - .■- . ,.
'? f tM p W f .. .. .-.
If " I . .•b"l • .•W .. 1t t < ll r

J
'Tli.•t-ll•d11•• ln,,:111<1Ill Ul•111
,e tlltll•o tllMI il ,, Nt p111,i,.. olhtlil ,IQ
bU•<IUJ pu Llu0 U lll• tt:lh -
->jll111,i,t1n1 l\',t • -a,dll>IH ell lto"i.!I.H•
••• hn.lThu i.•"'''>' l• n•11111u.t. ht
ti., .-11,,truhii, 111cna,-itl114 •"mi,

-
lint 1•
\nh(ha,r blnhc.iUI vin hlr, U)IIU pl\ttll ,·i
l))..H'I
Jon_.s t>tl k,.,,,f'b•m"'d1,ni .co kyl\f+
 .260 I d>O lrlllllm611filant •i t1w,1w I
voi m u sk ciing dong v.11 tro mt qunn ttru1g d61 vcri phln Gn!l om
11g,1i:fi sem. Cky nghin uar n\ rh Ihay dol d,i d,i.ug Hr no,n•An hQnA)'
snng nfo vlin hoa k.hlic. Vi d11,lJ Mv, milu do thlfbng JlfQc11 11 h 1·oi s\[
gion di!, trvng kl1T111(11 so mJc'icchau A J;µllcnll milu do Y I S\/ t n
dllong. ca tvog,
Co thei;i/.d\!Dg mAu , lhoal m6I1r.,mg cic thlel'keir n mAn hlnh, ool Ilk
nily ch, pbi kb6ni; con IA ,·o.n Jf nhu dot ,·e11 mau s\\c1:rong in an. Tuy
nhie11,
,6 m(,1 t11m bh)• l,Jr, xung qunnh vi¢.: sit dl,lflg mau c lrong m1\I trtt/mg
)' 1h \ so: M◊i miiu cv thl tr6ng sc l<l1()ng gllmg v{fl khl d11,!c • m lr n
de mirn hlrth dLl<Jc din ch,nh khdc nhnu. Di u navhan cl1e 11ha LhHfr k<!
rit nhilu trcmg vi c kiem >Oill hlnh thuc Cll'J ck 1blt!t kcuvng mdt ngltlll
xrm. l'vlnus.lckl1Un ro lroog cun khucSIJn'll11,c hifu thi Lren man
binh.D6 I do mJ)' In lrt,)n iic mau CM\'K.baog m Cy:in (C).Mngenlo
(Ml, Yelluw IY) vii

IGHI CHU Bl>lck (K)' dJ too mim; tmng khl do, mil,n hmh rmiy tinh , o mou biing
akh
Caci! 1hu, lliOmau sAc oio ,It d .ng nhifng16 h(lp ril cocsong:'tnh Sling nn\u RGB /Red, Green vo
man rlnh may lfnh oo 111,
131ueJ,
rluQc gi;lt Ihlen b!lng 1r1uvei
milu c¢ng (eddillve colot
111oory). mo ti\ G4ch61hr/P W
DoWong o".in man h1nh
>0n9 llnl, !Ang b nhilnlJ 1An&6 Do 111/Ul hln.h chlC-!1 s:i:ng co di) 1.ing ll'in hdn nhleu ,o•at dnh <ling
khiie nhilil J! hlnh lllll h Cllc: m-,u phan chi/u cuu ICf !l' Y• uen d,) tlr<!ng ph:i.n (contn1s1) g,ilo. bu1Oll\u
M!in hinh 11\&y hn/1 !i;o m tnl.ng.v.\ ,1eo trim miin hlnhlc111 h,rn nhifo so vi!li trcn ta.Iliqu ilL Of n,ing
mou sdc b ng Qi,;.h ch1ou cao Linh d do<, chi!trinh chi u nM c6 ducl(i ttt,:,ng ph:in M trOng ra
nnong 16 IJopmnu o(mg co nlng,11hlllll\ lthOnll n n nl<1ng phan qm\ nhiitu, diin d.."n kich Lhich mnL
blln:Rod.GroenvaBlue. •Y cnn
ngu'bi xcm -rn(,t clch khong 0111thli!t.
<JQi la RGB.
Khl1a1c:I de mau cr;,ng ca bfo (addhiw prlntary«1lor) - Red, lirccn
M : I.hill:. , uyffl mau tnl
(Subtr!!!'lllve color ln!!Ojy) mO Ill
,·aBlue
\'(Ii de) tum/1'\k'Ion nMr, ngllbi xem SC tbA)' dlfoc mltu
• dlf(1C chnfu ra
oaoh Igo ra mau s.k 1th, ca, lo
I mAu Mp u,u va !lhln ch,fu tnl:ng; khi kl1 nglo $ung.lnh nim dlir/Cchlfo rn, ngl!<'li .xt111 si: th,t\'
olHlg nnh sling Ca: muu 1ru en ruiu ll u. Ket qud Iii, man hinh mau tnfog st nl'.t sungvii lam mtlt mol m t:
tian • Cya;i, Mi19onl!i Yol! lnmg khi d6, mnn hlnh miiu den lnl it gdv h1<ii 1m11 nhfit khi10 chdm cho
OwylJ Bhll:k ohtn voo nc,. D1:rv. y.chi!dlf;.i,1hiE1 dQ1gra tri m6u x.lm nh<J:l val du ic
(CMVK) · du c dung \IOll9 In thictllJp noi l n tren nc!a dense his\l k l hqplomngttcri xcJn de dr>cnhot. dJj.c
thu,mg111111.m,ng U. nhiJng ml\u h,tt lad6h•,1111hilng
1r<1co ban 1 eo truy!n tl>!fog • do,11 viln doi. Ni!'u din thle't Jee at chi! rnnu1nlng, viecdit chi'!trang 1161!
Rod,·e1low .,,,Blue tRYBI
en
doJl)C c.1, hQllsy du gd rr6r
mau all. Lrfo gl& lrl mllu \'Im d m c6 th€ gitip ghim d 1,tang ph,ln ,img nhlf
,rr.ng
thdi cang th ngkem thoo ti m:lt.
Cimgcao nhi:i rnng, m I milu ct, m¢1gin t·r\ vi, ,1¢ ;;ang co ban ph:li ,lu,;te
•n nh4.c k9llmng, VI dv,
m u ,'ilng c6 di) nroi/n,tc
lcrn nh5t se s.lng Wdi
hdn m1\u Iirn v,ol"td>di)
ntct,.tn,tc Ion nML D r ngLoi dn i m h re}r:\ng vi, t.inh de
dQc khi1hlc'td41van bann/ll f n tren m¢1nen nilo do, hiiyd:im b:iu J\\
,a ll(dng ph:ln giiln de 1ba.11h phan sang vii r.:il - ding ubr1giiln CJ\c rMnh pbon
1,t<.1i vi\ m/1. i'I muc vita du, nhung On Mn.

l(;'Cl1itK trongQ,iYKW vlcl t4tcUi.11:t l(cly· l'lfl'I"' Inton9h Ill c.tl tJ)(! (t!cn(1)6thlty(NJ}y uctf rll'l"IC I u i)('fl, m.tc CIUi"fl !Jr\Dyco 10n.lll"9
AJ,h
jj Jfllif4inh1itl90 dly\ du""<1ttJLt°" (hUnliJIll 4!kte#1.1rto6'(.hltJ al!.d.trumohlnk mluIIG.l!l. T 1,9-c;ut ttM" cn11f " f\Q-.t. ,J_.,1 9
1.61..Oh)
nq,)yl!nl'indt l'l\'all unn9hathf mauftG8'd CMYf.nh.\mdam:),io Unh Ul\f/tnmOn011 ti :fl dV'(X:C6ng !VIJ1"I rQn,i; .
 Icm/ONG 1 I 261
Mlle nrc,ng phiin C\IO co th.! r o ra ni u
ll'ng
ch6i m t. I),)11rong phan c:10 co the lam cha type type
bung saJ1g (glt,w), di u11.\yx.\y ro kh, d{> s
ng cua nco Jan t" ngoU viert c,w cJc
lclterform t61ho c mtr hon.khle'n chllngxuat
hl n manh han. H1 n luons ch,, b(!ng sons
cnn d,y rn khi u,) s:lng cim ldtcrfor111
Ull/fng nhu lriln v-,\o n n 161 h,, , m,) hon.
lat! ra Mo qu11ng
(opLico1 rturo) khiln de chi! cdl co e
b(J11g
,5.ng lfo. nl11.1 mlnb ltQ• o Hlab 7-13. C:dc
16
h1rp m<iu sac d6i ngh1cl:i uhnu (nh(lug mlm
b,"i
sung nh,w) vu toh«;rp c:lc nlau gun nhou
cuni;
,., lh • Q n n hitu lfng choi mt\t, lilm gid.m
unh de dc;,c.

Nh1et do mau
Klll chQn 1·1u\u, l,911 dn nhcl rhng cue mtlufun
(wnrm color) (d<'1, v&ng, com) ,;-o ve se ti n I sdn, con nhilng mau h j 'j
1,nh fcool coloc) (mah Ian,, xarth l1,1c, 1/m vlolN) tr6Jig nh<l lul r3 xa. 01CIhU!lt:,.au,g ,1ijl1 J11 \II,\.._,
M c du dif n/ty c6 ngliia I&mliu :i'.m rt phu hqp M lam m:iu nEn .i., h11l. ,flu\¼ '4m.i; tv Hr
hk>l'i,,,•,d <"SUIJ..'U.lJI, Pltdt1, 0rtu
h11n mau Junh. nh.,tng hay nh{f rlng nh, t do miiu (color t.t, ph-J,n>11lhlfnt "'""klr1/1A
temperature) i:hi Su1s,ctJ(Tv,w U1n'1liirh, t 1h.\Ji.\>I
llr1l ..,-,w,;,;,,.-cauN"i.Tll'd com'A
,o tf nil cha1tu,1ng diil. M u n<n d1[ clin c6 nhi I u{)IQnh ndn ·van St-n.r "f t'VJ'('' lrlt I html
bdn
, doi ttf(fng .re cc, thelui r :o. N n co mau :!'m v!n rrOng nhu Jui
r
itn. nfo thicrc <1 1 q1nh vnn bnn va d(ii n1qng thtm ch, con am hon.

D!NH O NG FONT
Kb, ·v, c in .'in dugc thl;/c lu n chu y.cu b.,\ng ky tnu41 in chi! o6i
y1\1c/1:i.11hCTng l ypefa.ce
(101icrpn, ). thl de fonl ( p h p t l d
c11 th c6n cho vi csnpchit) se hitn hil11 ro r/lng; nhln chung lii
,h,,ng
dttqc 1nm tct klm lo l hoi!cgo. Khl typogr phy tharn nhfip dla hnt ki•
thu t IS. font can ton 1 11.'1d:jnh J ngmul- nhlldc liledi n
1i't,dtloJc lap lrlnh de may ttnh co the hccu VO ip dvng chung chn
vi¼< hien thj cung nhu in an van ban. Qua nhlcu nam. m1,1 sudinh
d9ng font (fonl format) ky tbuit s.S da d1rt;1c phd11rl n. n\61 djnh d
,g Muell lCu d.iEnt vii lwn c.he n ng. Vl,;c m!m ro sl/ khac b1tt g1ila
nhiiog djnh
d ng nil} co1h.'.' ghip nh thi Lkci./1 d11ng 16t clc font er ubWu Jjnh
d.j.ug k.hllc ohau. t o di,mg dlC,;i, l,;,1 ich ,,n tfnh niing mo moi font co
the dtm lgl
262 I C1101/lfflil,mailluong kj U111lts61
Font bitmap (ho c font raster)
Nh[lng font di!:u ne11 Ju11c pbiit trlEh tlru,h cho mny tli,h
iu6t dnu th pnifo1980 Ii).font bitmapho c fonlr•stcr (for1t
tittling qu t), Tucl:i. clc lenerforn1 dtJc;i, 190 d\lng blng each
m5 hoo (oncod ) nmlng Anh (map) hu,;ng d:ln ,My ti11h
rdng ph:cl
man hlnh nilCI se dll9c b t lcn M l o thanh m,)t glyph C\t lhc,
ho:ic blnlulnhbilu cltfo c-ua 111◊1kyt ll, Val mqlfnnl,ck bitmap
ph,U dtf(!c thiet klthN nhilu kkh thll(fcpoint khdc nhJu, c
du moy nnh co the dung nhilng bitmap nar M fi;to ru nhifo
phiell ban ,·vng ,,; cua c:\c kj• ii! il ct\c kkh tb,roc trung l!
i:ln, Do pixel 6 d ng hinh vu6ng1 nen khi,,6 d
ng«mglmljc:,;ien thi dtrerng.n t cuHhlini;se xuil't hi n term
chbm nhttrang nm.
M(,t Icy llf bitmapdtl',lc nt.ly tlnh hlcu gl6r1g nh,r khl m:1)' nMn
th,k m<)t binh -anh. i'om bitmnp co gian (scaling bitm11pped
f.Jqib1tru.ap .L.wt.pht»4t kW
,.t.f ,h,l rhlly..-onh rllng.cw
fom) Iii vSn M kh611g d ghil quyo:t, btii klli ph611g Lo m(,1 ky
I\! b1tnrnp. qnlt ran.:Lf cung dll(!c pMlll! lun theo. nhu
mlnh ho• iJTrinh 7-14..D,eu 11/ly!Jim ginm bm Linh r.6 rb1,s-

Font outline (ho c font vector)

V un de cu dlllco gidll d:i di10'C de: c p dlllg v6'l ph:it mInh

ve c,mg ngh wc1or. Font outUne (ho c font ,•c.ctor) dtit,,c

mdy 1inb h, unhu m<)t chuA, clcd, m (point) i,qo thhttb
d1r®3vien (outline) cwi lcttal'rirm, nhtJ minh hoa , Hinh 7-15.
1'>1111ng vien llll)' C() th "' g,nn theo b t Cl (c:-h tht(tfc nno
m k.hong
1nm mift di tinh Loan v n cim hlnh dnng chi!.,-..u .toc6 thc\
t,r1,1c
raster h6• '(rasuerlzc). hc, c ehup!n d61 lhilnh :i,ili bhm3p. a
kich thuelc da chyn.Tuy nh1cu, ncu v1en llil)' kh,ing {1,hlng
Vi lii ltJC/llg ,1u11n v¢I ck pixel rutt man hlnh. m )' tlnh sf
'1110. ra
dr,I doAn leit IIha,t <pixel n u •• dlf lc b t l n. Vte.: nlly thll/tng
gay r,\ St,( bicn tt\)ng v6 ninh ming Cti• CilC •-
nerform.
D
 J OHI/OHG 7 I 263
Ky ' u t !lieu tJel
W ngq:li b,trnd,mg,un cae ky11t font V<'CIQr et\
1h d>J()'c guim ihieu tro,,s gin1 do n tbitt k( nhi:r Giant hens ten feet tall
J-i' 11t 1dieu tilt (hinting), m¢1 tlfo trinh ma
h6a (al'. Giant hens ten feet tall
1h6ng tin hmgv.iiht v/111 file font,I h>.telng
dan muytinhc.ld1hi chinh,iencis1n1 1kyw,
11hfr11g kich d111f1 kh:\c nh.iu. nhAm glong
J,on, "<4ub,n ntn (il •ti na "-1' rh\lATd1tu
hang16111011 l'Oi i, l,tai plxel cu.1oi.\,1 l1uib•.D,fo 1JJ1,l'.-llu bt ti J1.1,,tt 1hlkh 1tt,
oay giup mtll' linh dlhl rt1nh,1ng l\13ch,;,n u,1hdn
1•e 1•incn b .1p1xcl
ru\o lkn, nhnm I' d i·de dt1ong 1•1en cuo
ky11,11:µ
tung k,ch thu&c amtlct61nh&L Ky1bug1d.Lfu tiiit
c6 LhEca; Lhi •rnlt61di mijo Cllllc,\J:l' <Ucrfoml
lmi man hlnh. nhtl bgn c6the1hoy trcn Hlnh i-16.

) hur.• khil rang c ,,

Ml)t so phan mi!m rnng coptinh nilng khif rlingc1lo (antl-nUa<ing), hnv elm eol voi mill c;l1 ten kbuc Ill
liun mtl</1 font {font sn100Lhing), Khi ngubl xem l..kh ho t tinh
nang nit)·, chi! vector se h1 n ra ro hon vol ma.t ngLfc!i. Tmh
niing kht'I rang cua liim du(.lc nhtl " )' nhll ph,in tkh duttng vlen
cua glyph. $OU d6 b;il cic pi:( I JU<tc dqt ii vi 1rl chit!:11l,tr;ic val
nhilng dr;, ghi (shades o(grny) khucnhau len. Dieu 1111y danh Jim
mdt ngulll
:rem tlm nhijn Jlf(.lc nlulrig dLt/Jng n t mjn hcrn, nhu co lh..!1'hl1y o _1_"_1_I _
Hto.h 7-17. Tlnh ndug khil 11'ng C-ltaho t d(uig nl't b, u quo d6l vr,, C.tnl '",,boo rh,o1, ,,,1. ,..,h,tw ""
""'
c c lctterform km. nhllng fo.J Lhicu hl u qw\ i!I kfch Lhullc I,1 1bw)t kWt rOul!colu khJJf'J.,_. ch• dtd
nht'>; ., A rn ,,.,.
cbil
,,1Ii chet C>li dLC(,lc 1nm mtlQl Lhullng tri,ng ml! mil, n u tJ.nh r6
ni.ng se gulm o nhilog lette:rformnho h,in. Tll<111g t\f,do khil rung cuo d,iqc wy chon Lheo >'ngt101lC!!
nl, n!;n rtM lbil.lt k khting Lhc1r(ingqy n'lt1g ngulli to 1$ ti11h n.u1g nay kbi item th!t!'1kecua h,;,.

Font Postscript Type 1

Posl$cripl Typ< I (Lo I I) Ja d:inh ,l ni: i'om , 1or d-/lu tiim,:hi phol 1hl tntl1ng. d'lf(,lc Adob< ;,h t
lrlen. l'unr·rype 1 gom hai file; M11t file cung capc c h,r<ri:ig don tong 'I"''" cho mdy tinh d€hicn tbi
tren man hlnh:file tM hal cheta th6ng 1in bitmapdi1llg cho in J'n. Font Pns1Scrlpt cung cap khd
nang11;;u Hel,i;o
Lhece>_glru, v/1c,S Ihe hn:µ d(mg da nEn ting (cro $•pl11tform) (t!in h/iu het miiy tinh). Funt Typ I co
the g6m dEn.256 s-lypb don le. nhtfng.khong d11,;1c nhil!'u han. So.lu<,1n1i11 y jlhi\j bao11.6m ror cl nhilng
cha ciJ hoa ,-n Lhuong, .:tic con «i, ro tM1• phan. tliu cau.ky hle,1, ligature, roil hoa nho vii chil c;ii
c6d&u
(ncunted lcller) rnii nM thiitkt' mu6n dtlhu bO ky LI/ (dtorncltr ><I) nay. Khl m(II font dLl(.lc thiet
ke v t ht1n 2j6 glvph.11l1a Lhl t 1buang t o ra mQL b¢ kyL\I thuycn gin (expert chnrncter set) •
nt◊I file font ttlch bl tch1'rnth tn nhilnj; glyph khric. V, h u h€t vnn phlmg dich v11,'l\11ba la
b:111&1u J!!u dau ttt
1'llo de fon1 l'ype l vahO ky l\/ chuyen grn, nen djnh dijng fom nay h1 1,• ndangn m vj1ri c:hhim
linh twng ng/mh !hilt kl.
Font TrueType
.MOt ,tinh d 1g font mol h,m c6 ten Trucl)•pc dl!dc Apple phat tricln ,•b dl!
Q'c Mlcn.1.,oft qu.i11g b nhtl lb J61 phu 1.lln1ggtfm cuu font l)•pe I. Cung I
mqt djnh d nil font outlineda nro tmg,True1\'Pe co m¢t g1a tr! gia l.lng la cung
c p tlnh nilng dltlu till t6t h,;n, Font Truiif'y •.: dll\1C1llu trii th nh m◊t file duy
nh' 1.glup 11gt1/li dung_qulin lyfont dl dilng, d!nhdongnayt1,1d¢ngh\m vi n'O'l h
dieuh/lnh
mdy tJnh ma khOng ciin Lh8ru pMn mom qudn lyfont Apple cOng b6,vng
raic.lc
<hi tiel ky thu cun font "lh1e'l'ypc, nhbd6 mA iont nay ph6t trlfo nhonh
chong cl ws6 luqng l:in muc dq ph6 b,.ln. tr<'< thanh m◊t chu,fa ngil.nh cnnh
tr.UJ11vili
font Trpc l.

Font OpenType
Op;n'fypt th€ hi mlil qunn h hqp 1,k g4n dlty hdn giifa Adobe va Micro;;oli
trong c6ng cu<:,c mo ro m()t Jinb.d,,ng loot moi. cao cJp y;i do n a tong,
h/ong lbfch vdi nh1fo ht difo hilnh kMc nhnu. Dttl)c Jllu lril thanh m¢1 fil du)'
nh,h. djnhng font Op nTypc quy11,l nhilng tfnh n ng t6t nh.!:t, tien b nhll't
c(1a font lype I " 'T'rutlfype. Loal font1111>•cuog dlp tinh nongtli8u
ti.;t,krrnmg"" .s.tp chfl
do ngOn ngil (multiltngu•I l)"P"-mtJng) 161 hon, d6ng Lhlli .:o lhE baog&m. them
ca, ky ty mo, In,r:r, day1:hi co Ill tmng ru1ilng ho kr l\l dmyful gio. 0()"'
cr.qo hoo'OpenTypc dy11 trcn h9 lhclng m5 ho• lei·11,c1hwfu <1u6t Le Unicodc.-.
niln djnh J911g nlly,ho phep nhl u ng(ln ngii kh,k nh:1u co,1t1rno d(ild<in
giin,· van ban, bi\ng each baog6rn nhu.,g b4i k1' 1y Jangon ngil vao
tTongrnQt font dur nhit.

Uni lrf P
Unlcodr l h thong n,ii M:t k)' to,/. chufo c1uoc ti (itnmlord l111crn tlnnalcharacter
ct1cod1ng system) d 11h cho1,ru1 bai, d,rqc vlEt blnghau het Cllc ng(m ngii' tren
rhf
!:, c!tl Unicode khilng pMI111mJ/l d!nh <4J,gfont ha)•m{lt chllong lrlt1h phtin m
m; Jaychi drtn gl/tn la mr.it h¢ th(lng phc5 J11ng du.ng M ttul h6a c-Jc ltr L\t
,'\\ qu; wx s1l d111ig thu¢cnh1h! ngon ngildt!chllng co tM dtJoc luu u·ir. :cit I)', hJEn
thl v& trau d, L Fill\, hl,l h 1Ji u hilnh m y1lnJ1m6'1 <Mu co hb trQ' Ut1Icod1:cho
khol\ng 36 11gtm ngil hncnhou Unicode khi'lng ll nqunn dln dch de gl)
phdu1fCmOt tlm, k.i!u cb,r, kfch thtJa ma chl cung cap Lh6ng tin,.;each
mav Linh nen d, ng,ai
c:k glrph, ch,( kh6ng phlil c.ich mt\y rlnh rend« chung. Th6ng Lin1·cphong akh
cu•chu dofile fontquyct djub, nhungcac fon1phru ru/u1 theo Unic11de, buog<'im cl
nh i< Unicode (Unkotle mapping), deal tM pMi h,;lp any vai Unicod-,.
Chml'n Unicude n!1 h,14 lch cho ca, l*p lrlnh vien muon l\l\J ra ungd\,Ulg
phan mfui do ngM ngil: cha,fo1iayc!ing co fcb cho cic nhu ng6n ,,g.:r hQC,
doanh nhan vii kho:i
lw, g••• nhling nglloi ph.il xt'I ly1•ll.n ban dJI ngun ngi'I,cic ky hi u Lonn hf)<:,'\\ ky
r\l krtbuat k.bac hien dangd\lQ'c &iid1mg thuung xu1en tr<mg th1lnfifngtoon
cd11.
Font Multiple Master
Co rn¢t phlfo b.-ln ma rl)ng,un font Trp• l g91ludjnh ,wnglVIultiple faster
(MM), dlf<,'fc Adobt tri<l'n khai nlltu 1991. fJjnh Ul}ll!l n.iy d1c> phep hill phien
b:\n kMc nhau c(1a m<,1 glyph (nhu lr1n/nho hay rl)nglh p) J,t,;rc mi1 ho.
,,
hni do.u d61nhnu cua mq1U\JC(axis}. NgL(lrt dun co tbl diid111h baLcll dli!
m nao d◊c11'1,l d-6, ,•II nuly linhc l\LO rn ml,11 glyph lll(JnS,tng. Ml>I
phlm ban cu m_(lgl lyph C\I Ill dLf(k; g,;,i hi m◊l bi.!n tho(lru1oncc},
M91font Multiple Mrua,,n:6 t.h[hao g<im nbi u true.1116i 1r11c kiln, so.it
nhungkhla rnnh Lhiot
kl khk Ithau nhtl klch th,16.-. ti◊ r¢ng, mllc ,191,•dgh1vtl k!Eu chi!.
TU) nhlen, vun liin 1,1 mot ,6 \'UO dhonyqu•nh Joni MM. Nhi LI
ung,lvng pluln m m khilng bo tTQ' dinh d ng114Y vn nhifo van phong
dich vuddbno ciol Inhllngkho kMnmn h,,gJp ph:11 khlxu tchung
ra.T1tC111g IIJ, n cdu nhieu nh tbi.!t k ddnh g, cao v c 1aug c,rong
k1cm so,\c dill v(/1 font MM, song Mu hot ngll\)t Ju.ni: 4J tMychimg
khrfo h<,1 bi lung tung vb. truly kh8 khll.n khl ,if d1,rng. N:\m 1999, Adall
ngu.ng plrl1 trien them c<mg nglu: nay
vi khong nhlln dt!trc nhifo S\J qunn Llim tit pbio 11{11101 t.icu dung. l:l1nh7-
16

mln.h hoa m,;11vM blbl Lhfkhil di eu1un(U k_ytlj di,n le J1!Q'c h)o ra b.\ngctkh \' lbtrnth, n m.-,t?-,1)\.l lll•Sml
I( ,\I ..luui;lontMuhlJ'lc Ma l.tf

$ti d,µ,g font l\lultiple Mo$ter.

Font ClearType
ClcnrTypc 1& mdl Jjnh d11ng font outline da nfo lung' mdi, cho phtp
d\,.t d1r<;11c rchinh xac V<in chtf• ro H€n I do!' hiln 1hf chi/ tren nuin
b.lnh LCO (LJquid crysinl display- Hien thibnng tlnh lhl!'l6ng), nhll
manli,nh mmg may linh xach tny. man hlnh ph&ug (fiat panel) vi\ tli
LhOil JJ d{.)ng. tiling thi71i clw phep ,<\ du(lc d9 mll<,lt chu gioi hiµi
tren man hlnh CR1: Dfnh tl J1g fonl oay da1 m·uc di;) chi t!l.'i cno hon
blng i:nch i:hu phep en<' subpixel
(pl•d phu)' dtt ,c h ,I .. uhfu:a lijO rn nhilng dut111g ncl nijn """· llnh le
han. l!,in 11-L,y. plXcl W) n o man 1110b LCD lcMc voi pixel o nen mnn
 h1nh CRT. Pixel cun LCD dll,;lc chin. nho thilnh bn dru mnu truco ba.n;
Rc-d, Green v 13111e. !(hi ,ii b ,ubp1 el nil)' bi1 lfo, bn mdu (d b:1n lrl:n
c1ttgc trvn 1ni, Linh s\ng 11'-dng s uuc,1c phtit .ra kho1 m&n hu1b. Nbil.ng
c6

Subp,-ltC>IO(VJ nrwtw'Mou1i, (.(.In ll!JUIJl11110t 1Jf•t•f dUOt. du monh bOInhll!!.tth.Innphin nM We 00

th!t1h Iide tubpbn'I.
 266 I Chll ltOl1f iTIOI U iJII( lf toujt.,; I
h',IJ> khilc nhou cuJ .il •ubplxcl nay c6 tll.< toll ro m(ll 10:11 mltu v.\ d
· d(µu nhQ.l. E)jnh d nfontac,u'l)·pe tn1yc p 11bilngsubplxel nu)' d€
hlcin thi ctic glyph i:J di) pMn gnli enc hon. C.k pixel d1, manhinh CRT
khcini-t dlirJc chin nhb Lhro clcl, Ul,:tog lJI nl'lLI ,· y. n 11 m11l hi
Ling ,lia dinh
d ng font rnir khimg lblhlt!n th!1renmAn hlnh CR"!.Tuy nhien.tlinh d
ng Cleaffyi, c6 th di 1hi .11tlnh rb I'iing ciia font miin hllth CRT a
mite
noodi',, d<> ,· r.emler mbplxel ,e llJo g6m ca vl c111:i ho• khll rf111g cl/a,
v6n nh m w, m1,1c d1cl1d.1tb,i',n tmh ro ™'l:l·1-Jlnh 7-l9 mlnh lwa c •
clnh tiett lrlnh rmd r ll'QII Vfl\ m.;11pixcl I'll subpixclCUll.cw.1g m◊t gl)·pb.

llmr JI 1 I
1\'11mu.llmdi:t c,vn,11n m1h r• L
ntnph L MenJn- aabpbd.

Xay d ng thtl viijn font cua ban

G:ic font d ngd€b<isung vao lhtJ v1?n font cim b n lutin 1 ,n ngQ;p ,i .:<l
!t!,1 cllO a\ mllytuih MAC hin PC tPersonnl computer - Mny1lnh en
nhan)
Mvt s6 ,llt dtJt1 voo khi b:µi cru d\lt enc chtlong trinb phiin m m c;y 1M.
:.<i kMc phti, o\t1rleng. Nhicu tonl b tbu()c ph..il mua,1rong khl 6 khac
khOng yeu dm lru pln dLI<tl dqng phan m m chiarec harewarc} hoiic
pb5n
rru!m mlfo phi(f,•ccw"r,•), C,k lile fo,11c4 lht JLI<;tc mua bing Jia CD ho
-c l>\i v ILi lren m ng, Khl 1h,cc hltn vi 1lm ki m nhanh tren m;mg vc\-
1 b(,
mny lln1kiem lf3 lhkb dm mlnh. b n SC thay co \'OSO mmg Web cung
cap dCCli u1ai v ,·.:,t mr,ir milechi phin od6 hole mlfo phLM¢l o
Lr.trig Wd>
lacu .,\cc6ngI)' thicl kechi!(s.i u61lkml chn di1nh ho). mrjl s(> kh&,
la ciJa nhil11g nhA ph n ph61font (rnng cdp c,lc font dit,;lc Lhifl kl bl'II
nhu!u ccingty khnc nhau). MOt " lrnng th nchtdm ,h<1 pMp ngtti,,
dung kl.!'m tro de nh l'.!l ky tl,l cl11 1ie1 ,,; "dung Lhi'.t" nhilng fo111 db
if nhi u klch thtJ..\c kh.k nh:iu 1rLiac khi mun.
 ICliUdHG11 267
Tai e tu Inter
et
M(lt kh, bU-n da1,ru dll(I,; foul mong mu6n d 10.i ve111Internet, h u het = tr.1ng WebSe
)'eu cfo b n c.hQn giua phlin blin Mac,•a PC chi'> font d, .11nlllng thl bU-n ct, the d dt\ng
r&i font rre11 vol m¢t ,; nM o ch1u)t. Nhi1ng lit..- font khtlng ycu c.lu .gi6i ncnd, th
du11c tai d4tMng C:1ch ktochull!lvan th,r muc Fonts. l1<1 c bangdl h dung lenh
lns1all New l'onu (Ciiit font ml'fi) {j nwnu x,5 xullng f!lle lmng1h11mijCFont1. Tuy
nhl!n. hnu hit file font tai ,·er((lmcrn<'t d u dlf c oen(compl'C5$), ne,1bU-n phlii i;i5,
nfo (de.-ompressl
cluing mtftc khl dil <lk l'h,hi m£'m m1\y lfnh q'.tu b,1n kh6ng lru)' c5p dt.!Q'c dk font
m6'i cho den khi nhilng fon1nur d1tc;rc ghii nen v1t col d t v o 1h1.1 m11c l'oocs.
De xu.ft
(extrncll lilr font n n ,•ao Uni m r Fonts, b n ph!l co pluln 111fo1 giai n n • WinZlp
ho c S1uAi1 ll.xpander, iuy 1h"' co.:h thil, file do J\rQ'c l!lu t·ril. Ci\ hal 1-; n·lch n.\y
tl u mien·phi v.\ cu 1hi ru! dang liipren m ng. Neu b n cla.citi d4t nhilng 1i n .kh na)·
m;n m:iy Linh,htiy nban M,p d!<1,:.L (doublt-dlck) \"lt/J fik font ,, n dodl m.6'1 n kb
g:lai nc!n thic-h tL<,rp.

Cai dat font mch da di u l

lom_ci,n bat,t dinh d ngn.lo. c6 the bt)n phlll
tlcSU<l\,ng ronr mdr ltnh cua
ffil i lr n
khlll d(>ng Iiµ (re tjrtl Cllc ling dung da11s mo
minh, trlf&c tloit1 b;µ1 phol cai d t lilt d1(t;)
(on1 moi 1ro11g suol qrnl trlnh Clli t. nlv m k!ch ho t t(nh lti
do \"1\0 6 cilng. £161 vai 111¢1 so h t.lifo hJ\ u l\lc (11va1hb1llty}cua font mr.11doi v<ii pMnmem.
11h. phu<1ng an sangsuot ci,ng nhu t, n lq.i
nhil la cai l Vil quan lyc:icfont Po IScrlp1 ,·(ff
ph.in mfm qu;\11lyd1(T (type mnnngemem
soft.wan).
chiing h n nllu Fontbook, Suitc..,;c, font
R ;erw hr1 c Adobe Typt! M•nnger (ATl>-1).
Tiro kh q11dn If chil se dl n giiii Lhons tin Ii.tu
trong tile font cho11:1:!r tJnh hilu.
Punt T1'1eTypc v,\ OpenType •lc;K l1tu th nh
m t file d11y nh5L, co duoi mu r-Ons Iii .rrf ho
c
.Qti". Ng11ill ra. f'!ml Po tScrlpt yeu eifu phi\i dll
d4t bai file1:lch b, 1. cbtla cdc chi d.dn cbo
may
Linh\" cJd1bifo th!fontn.\y lr nmanh.lnh ,-
u
cAi;h rn fo,11tip. l-1111 iii; ru\y cv ilu(,1 m
r(lng hi .pfb '"' .pfm. Cn hni dt!u dn 1hilt
de xcm v& In frllll Pos1Scrlpt ,bn dung. Khl
 font bitmap (h ctonl raster): n'hOng lellerform dli\k: li}o dVng b!ngo oh mah6 nhung,Anh o6 \tal110 htJQng d!

fonloudlne(hoac l6nl vector) nhOng letlenorm

dliQC may1rnh hi unl"fumOt chuoido di rnr..o
thanh di/ling v1 nou.lettenorm: dlllmg viAn
nay coth600 gi ntheo mol kJch thlldc ma
kh6ng tam mild1 nh toan v. n cua hlnll dang
1euerrorm.
glyph: hlnh anh blilu dlen cua m l ky 1V,
khllring ci.ia(anti-aliasing), tiay lam mliqt
fonl(font smoolhlng). th\lCh1 n vltc lam
m<IQJ quang h cac c nh c6 hlnh rang oua ciia
mOI glyph trlin man hlnh m,iy t(nh, ng c ch
phM tich dtJbng vlen oua glyph.
sau dO t ci!c pixel duQ"o d$1 o vi 1rl oh,enIIJ(!
Cvol
nhOng d¢ gh1kMo nhau doc pMn rta cue no
l n. ky1h 1dldu u,1(hlnllng·): m¢l lien lrlnh ma
hcl;t cllc thOng tin b6 sung Yti d\/a vbo 111& font
d6 hll ng <llin m y 1,nh caoli hl u cttrnh cac
duong vl n cua m¢l Y
hi a nhilng k1ch 1nt10C khac nhau. nham giong
hang
101Mn vdi O1ua1i:,ixal cua miln hlnh.
111ster hoa (raster!ze): ohuylri d6I lont outline lh
nh
anh bitmap vo1mOI kich thu6c chon trlloc.
 268 I c1,auonns1611rlldnt k9 U•111s6 I

thot chl/ng kl n lac pham dau lien oua minh dUQO

In Ill, TMICl hQC, 161I lam Vl$c Cho lb bab vii Ky
you, dO eting Iii Ian dau ll n IOI dl/'10 nem lrai'mul
vi"cua
c6ng vJtc 11,1 do, rhlet ke va ciul 1ac chi! oho cac1am

Do do,
V c hu r
pos1 e1 q u a ng cao hba nhQC cOng nhu s1,1k! n
tl€p IU thlet keban thoiglensang Ihle!

thOo d mOn Vii, vdlnhilngbai hQOnghe'Ul\J I d

hocviendja phuong mo vao ou6Ilu4n lrong suol
nhOngn m tMn9 lldu hQCcua mlnh vao m!ra he
chuyen glao glOa u
Nick c·urtis hQc vii trung hQc. IOI lam vf c cho mot ktan true s1/
v6n la hl\t>g irom cua 101, hoc each dung lh11bc chu;r
Ong dii b4t dau sv
nghltp lrCI thanh nhil th16t (T•square) va bat mo v11(rufrng pen). Thal 1rung hoc,
kg nhll the nao? Hay k; chung tiil nghe ve cong tOJ1!mvl ccho toMo v/J ky yeu cuanfla1n1ong. d6ng
vl c
dou tlin ong lam trong linh vyc thiet va quA
k
s
trlnh phat trl&n nghlfp cua 6ng.
S6' ph$n c!a d]nh cho tOi Iii rat som. Nam 1613
tudl, vao bu61161 nQ, saukhi xem m t p otla I
chul1ng trlnh Flash Gordon h6\ lh p nlM 1930 lr n
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MISREGISTRATION
l ch mAu (misrcgbu:nUon)- hlfn Wl/nggi6ng ..,..RAPPiNG TRAPPING
l ch lrong qUu Lrlnh tudt mltu \'a/ho c kb, cite
m/iu lln c n (ndjaCA:nl color) troug t li¢u fn
b1 chdng len ohnu, M,)1 ph,roog ph&p ghip II
gJii CJUY,C,l .fa Jt'ch6ng ! ch ru u hi Sil
uvng li;y t.hu*l 11:applng (cht'ing Mn rm\
u}.1'rappl·hg
dliQ'C Lh\/C hu)"n Mng each m6' r¢ng lllQL chul
ph&n hinh c6 miH1sang hon trong hnl hlnh tlep
,uc oha11 sao chq hol d1611g rnn blnh co m/iu
t6i hon, nhlf mlnh h9u LI Illnh'i•23. Bingeach
nay, ncu Gi.c J('lf lll<1n1,;khtlngduQdn
o,fong,·j
m. thl se kh6ng tb1{y ,tu,tc 1111\u cWl 1rong gi5y
i1 xung q11.111b \'l n cu,t nhdng d6I ltJQJlg 116.
Khi in vu.n h n.1rapp111g dl).c bt t <t=n tr<.mg,
bill hltn h.1\1ng ch,fogl ch mfm cu 1h€ IAm gjam cinh ro rang.Mot 11111 I I -----
-
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L

cdch
Liep cvn kh;\c gf11 , dn.m bao 1inh ro r ng Into, 1inh 1ryng c::h6ng 1 1 1.:n"'"""'
n\au trong quy trinh in b6n mau Ill Lrdnh ,! 1.Vlln Wn atn in lc,1c'llc dill
hl\fng hoO,c nfo o mbu kltl 40 la)'llUL''fllay vl v y.cu thl v3n han u nhilng vi trl lrcn bingkj•thu l
knod";,ut, nbrt minh h1iarr Hinh 7-24. Knockout (d<it d*p) lb v,ta b6n th11c d.u'l1kb6ngdll<,rcin.mu dl!
1Jc C11t tu m\',)·1iing lien d,r(lc in mau. Innh d ng (1a dl(I c.11d11qc 1 0 Lht\nh 1ht111g qunde
kh6ngg1t1n 3m
haoqltanh li:llcrform, ;,1ng Ji;ln lhAn n lnln \15n g_lit nguyi:11 mAu dtagiily in.

CHO CHUYEN OQNG

\ '.111) ,huyfo d{mg (kinetic l}l'IC) chi ck chi/ di d(ing.
k, u chll noy nit phu hi;1p dedimg trong ti.eu d c u diuy n IIho mu,vng chi>c5u chu n
phlrn. mA,1phlm mallfochuang trlnh truyc!n hlnh,
dilnh au\
rh,i(11t!\' 1rlnh qwmg Cito v de 11161trrltmg ky1hu1)1
clmng 1<1I t.l:u 05)' chinh lb. ket qua
s(i, Chi1 cbuye'n tl<)ng tllf<Jc srl Llung m(o\ cucll lruyen
Clim tn:n cirn vie,: v n J1,1ng c.lcky"1io ngh thu
truyin hlnh ,'11 plum riilh mmg suo1 Ll p ni n l!J/,0, td611\ln 1ao b n, · tJc.11hQ'p r,n1cgro1lon) "i
lilm bien ruing (tliscortion},dift;fc dnnh
lhb1,k◊ rn1y, ed.:nh:1tb1fa KE Lhultng xuyfo duqc thwl
dng • "m nhOng chui,l 1l u ,I c{, rluh d,h ,an.Ci.ic glill d.i Li n phong,'i!119i dung phim.
mi\11rhlm mcf<l 11nity Jr.t c 1;11> rii1t I tinh, kh6l l,/11
vr\ g.ly ri!I nr<i. 1huang dagc du mk thunb nhilng
ch6ng 19Ch m u (mlsreglstratfon): hlen tuQng giong
lach lrong qua tnnh tacit mau valhoac kht cacmau
rancan
trongva1lieuinble!tOOg tennhau.
kncckout (091 d p): V/!Jl ban thVc cMt kh6ng
dut;Ml In ma dU'QC Cl\1 t(I mQ1 v(ing lien dt!QC ,n mau:
hioh tl9ngcua chO ca, duoc lao lhanh inong qua
cac khong g1an am dugc in boo quanh fet1orform,
song ban ih n van ban v n gia nguy mau c:ua
gl6y In.
trapping (ch6ng t6n mbu): m¢1each xiily t\i n tu<ing
chong1$oh mau. 1h110 hl$n bang each' m
<Ong motohul phan hlnhcomau s!119 hon lrong
ha, hlnh 11,p xrlc ohliu siio cho lldl c'hdng !An
hlnhco m u161 han.
 274 I C B boninitil IJ\long!jmu31s6I
tonl11 c dung cl1U
d1u,-lo.J ,i:. chw.\td
A11h \'hup m11n hlnh
1U rluni!Hllt IH11h n
n
I illlt l'rllo\t Wr1tirtg
ffo•\41411►R\'.&I'\Pe,ulrnc
f'irl;:l::• C:.1lchjnc, ;u1
Mld lk<nlr c6.-1111!0
Su.mg A11,1c:100
r►"'1i TI111161k,t hu
•$t
I&ntShop Iuh't"nnlh.>n.-1
<.:6oRl\' t-!cm1Shop
I.lube I )
Nhl lhi kf tijO r:i ck sequen<!e niy bang e a c,hu d11ng lhu phnp ho t blnb ve
Jld (ltne url :inlm tion) - htt) con gQi I ho h\,n (c,trtoonlng), pnlm _gl1ep tinh
( wr ac1jon fiIming) nhu dWljl di'ttset t.io 11h00 v t (cluyllllltion), n,tosniping (ve I
t m plum dekct htfpycu16 minh bQa viinhilp.inh)vam(\t lo tky tb.u5tquay phlm
khai::. Cu(\c khting ho.Ing 1h p nl n 1970 d5n den phai clt gl:im ch, phidanb cho
de b,)
phirn v& ch,f<fng trlnb truyc!n hinh, d, u o y <la tl)Q ra SI$ cbuyfo dlch toiin-ng;inh
song ohl1ng phong dch tao lieu M llet k,em vil(ilng k.!m llnh ttl)ng bcrn.
Chi cllo1crlgan ,tily, khi may tinh giu nh p vlio llnh •'!Jc nay, ch,ing ta mal b/11
J.5u cbung klc!'n SI$h6i t<lnh cua clulchuyfo d ng dl!(lc thii!'t kc!'m(\1,c ch ti mi.
Ck k.ha ming moi cim img d ng ky thu t 6 d.em l,JI cu ncii r(mg cm¼ chcni .c
tht'I nshi¢m typography djch chuyen NgoM ra, 16 ch((c World Wide Web da tvo
ra m◊l dlo diem al! hln s nhilng,kh:lm phn111\y voi nnk chl phi tlui'p
Linh vl,fc. chil du,yln d◊ng d ng ky thu t.oJ1ll1C nhf l, ngubi xern Iii h4u nhu
d1ua 1,ht-1c kha,pha, v:i tiim nnng cuo.06 qua l(u 1·6':lMc()1.MchQ.m 16,. M cdu1)1
UlUy,!l
him phlm vi 1ypograph) lrll)'m thl'ing C1Jng cilp m◊ls6 nen 1angci, ban cho
ph11C1ng ph:,p lu:µ1 ve clliichuydn ti<,ng, $1.>n_g ru triet I> cung nh\J c:Iu true
cbJ mcli h 1d u i<;unr hi n de In.rung dan nha UticL kll'each sang1 0 lollci chit n:\
y trong 1ncii lrltiJng
ky1hu"ijl sl!.
M c dich
Vl c1hem cliuyM d,)ng (mo1fo11) di!Jieu ch!nh hinb thllc cuu cl1il 1b.co th,'11glnn,
c
,hu ra nhi:tng chfit 1111,111g bu!u m<JI. Vi c;{ cdjnh m11c dkh c1,1 th€ cl'rn v, clam
cbo chi:tchuyen d6ng r!it quun trQng,,nh/:1db uttcit c,k.quyt!t dinh t.hilrkl Mu bli trQ
rh,.,.: V\1 m,.,.: dicl nily. Nhlt lhi!l k£ ph:\l rnt din 1n;ing, lch6ng de SI/ m, i l
cu11etic ycu 16gl:!J trl 11im pMn itl.n hny lu mlr th6ng dl pcun bQ. M(l1 s6 lydo
gla! thlch t i sno CJ1n them i.Mnb pMn chuyfu d◊ng,'l\ochi!co th Innhltrn:
c,,ngc6 hoic mlnh h9u rho n()i dung 1·0.n ban.
Met r(mg yngl,To cuu,· n ban, Vlt\11 r., n_go:\I n(\Idung mil vin Mi, d c p.
Phu.dfnltho lhilcn ll,lfc 11(1/ dungv:\.11ban.
Cau true
Chitchuyend◊ngco thcdli<;cdlu true i:hil.nh m(lt mom:nge h1,)ijc □1()1col.lag<e. Montt1ge
ill s,J •dp xl'p cbil, hinh nnh l i v«11 nhau tbco trJ! l\l tuyifn t!nll Mt rn m(>I
clu dmyen - nghia It .:hung l<e m◊t du chu n ct\ phfo rm} M11, pha11 chinb vii
phtln
ket thuc. Hinh 7-25 mmh h9a m◊t sequence1u m,)t momnge ho t hinh coten Urtk
Yellow Writing Hood (1911d1 ji:h: QI bf 11111)r1g klli111 vtl11g), lrlnh diln hcrn 300 fool
cu11 m(1t rung1y thlet ked1u b ng cad1dung h111h <l{mg ke'. m◊l dlu ch11y¢n ciil bien
the<> phuong phnp
t)'pogrnphy tiHruy
n c6 t,cb kinh di1t11
Littlf Rrd Ridmg
Hood (tgm djdl:
01/Jlq111i>1g k/11!
11tic)).
 ICllOONG7I 275
(4Lkluk,collng<"ln m◊l t p lu;lp philuyln Unl1haogilm nhitng.:hll ,;. h\nh
anhdi cung nbau M gr,fl ra h c khat pha mOt chil denoo,to.Trong khi montage
cla ,ttlqc
,,.,,, trongscqucnce M hiru du,;,c tn;,n '"i'D)' nghia, thl coll:ige c6 tM 1ruy6n tt\l
)' nghfa khl xcm {j blt ell trlnh 1\1nno.Collage111-llnh i-26 mlnh h,;m m\\t
..:quen,e d ngchu M 1higmc rheo <nf<.fog pha1Kien,l\loNgn (Russian
Constrm:tiVt.,t)ci g,ui
lhi u cic lion difo trlfo v.;mg vlt ta.: pruim: phlm c1m hv bang cnch ra m(lt hlnh
llnh >n , nl, h i ht1(1cgiil.:ac d p difn phlm veil nb(lng nhod(lc 101chJnh tr1,
Bat ci:t montage hny collage dtrng chil.chuyEn dOng n/io cimg dt1<1c clu thnnh
tu cAc khung hl11h (fr.in1,), dnh don (shot), cilnh quar(scene) VII sc,JU(Jl -
Khung Mnh Iii m\\t anh UnJ, duy nMt. thanh phnn nho nMt cua m(lt
sequence. Cnnh ddn 11\ SI$ k t hl,lp ciln nhieu khung blnh chtlll tu(,l M11h d,;,ng
lien t11c GMp nhleunh6m c-.inh dtjn li,;n quan nhau 1 1set <>1h/tnh m 1c,\
nhqua), Cu6icilJ1g.
de cuuh qu,1y co lhc dllQ'c rip h<1p l i theo mgt tnil hJ c11 tb6 dE t o ra mQt
• queru:c bto!'ll J t mot dlll chuy n h:,y chti l'.I nando.
Nhu thiet kechOchuyen d ng cln ra quyet d:jJ.th ,·etinl, l n ,_.,, cila ,'Jin ban
,'ll doimqng xet theo b6 -vc, hfo hi'drn nlinu ,.,, b n b v6, en mep kl1ung
hlnh. Trong kbung hlnh mo (open framt), clc hitnh di>ng xAy ra,:, et\ Mn tn
ngl n b ngoAi khw1g hlnh • nhtf thengifift xem dnng nhm r• pen ngoM•dnh
cirn>o viir, bnn co th.! thny dl u n1ty ir Hinn i-27. V,11khuoghlnh dong (closed
frnme), 151d de hlnh d,)ng riy rn bun Lmng ducmg vi n din nuln h\nh • tcii
mile c6 cln1gi,k kJ,ung h111h do lit lllQt can phong, nhll.minh h9Ao Hi.nl17-
28.

J..huug hmt)mn

ilnl I'] I
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h1nh tU,,him lit""1i11Stu 'rll1.1•u {l.tm,Jj..t t,C II• t l
4l11h1. :.,1 m,II) d1J4, T\V.l'I.Hot:-ASO!-TROt'-., in
•ult,h!"t 111 ll1)dq,..-:n 111llilm ChlmMI Ki'!n.li
ph1m Jtk ll,pl.
276 ICha1>:0111mii lllfOna kj 1lwit10I
T o kjch ban hlnh anh
Kjch ban ltlnhnnh(stqr)'board) Iii rm)r
t p h11p b•o g6111 de khw1g hlnb
dlfilC pb<lc th.lo (ske1ch) ho c rend r.
blc!u Lhi
l,youl. ciic h/mb d1\n,g'l\ tho'li l,r1;1ng ..._

cho
,
mor thiet ki dl,lo tr 11t.hili gian hoac en
tlnh tt1c1ng t.lc. T o kich bon hlnh :lnh
giup nhil thlil ki hOslch ajnh l,1yout C\
111ll nlnt 1inl1 toan1hcli gion
chocilcdnh dun v:\ cinbquar d
1huyE1l1lhtlt thco kbung bli,h. Bea
c11cob d6, ill u m\y <'.1111 giup nhn ilu€1kl
tljo nen nhilng kh[ c9nh lhll>t k€ gi u tfnh
nang11h1t nut ,lieu khiln huong cho uk
bill huong dan (rutorinl) lllCID)1 lac, Lrtl
chul va trlLllg Wd1. K[dt ban ltlnh nnh
elm hlfu ,ch cho "i c phllt tnfu "" 1!
11.,rc 1bl mQ.1 l11it1 k€ s d5n hOc hj 111 0
1h01 gian. b<ii kfch h,in hinh,\nh
elem l l c,r hOi kilm trn vii <Linh gui
nbung ,.
111,'fng vecach ck1hi111nphan thfet ke n
tli\lc th! cb.ilcnijng cun cbtlr1g - m16'cktu
du-a vilo ,!\ti xwil tht.le su-.
Kich ban hlnh llnh ci111g "1 m(\t c6ng
cv tru> " thong <I\'"" rn;,ng. NM 1hic1 II t I
kl c6 th<!dung kith ban h.inh iio.h ill! ''
h{I1r11 I>1. rt1b1m hmhntiJoni,hunrhn rilbilo ,1n aftJacrrauJiu.(,1,J"M, phm•
Lttllt rd.wn l\'r'JOt1;;HuM 1hf•J<l.h·.w J e11c;a.ton1Fr-l11kd f'1Hrl1Jne \'tm
1

nrlnh bhy Yll m rke1l11g thilt kof rnttl 1t.\i

khach hang. Kich b n hinh anh con co
llll tlf,ng "11i tr6 I bdti in 1nm (blucprini)
cho1hl€1 k do, truyen d t cAc htt'1ng
dtln
quun m;,ns uii 1 1c,I nhung ngutJi c6 lifn

qutLn dl!'n qua trinh sat1 xu5t cua dy
.In do. Kich bun hlnh 4nh co1M b 1d4u
nhu m(lt cbuolbun phac thao r.lt
dongl-.in, v(li
nhil.ng ghi chll va miil t n eho bi(t
cliuyen
d¢ng vit h11cmg chuycn dt)ng (cUc1?CLionl,
nh,i bO hlnh d11<1c m6 la Cl Hlnh 7-29.
L()l,li kid, bon n y l'tlJ1g c6 U1e dtf(JC ph:h
1ri<'n t!fo Ml ell nuk tl◊ tlllh vi nllo, tu)' th:1◊c vAo nhu
du cu• duoan,,. hqn co tM thay ro dicu nli.y ti/ kjch
l:>nn hinh dnh
tlt.lQC trau c.hu61ky l1r,mg c'J Hlnh 7-. 0 ,ttlllldlo oJ>\IU •111d10 r.mSf11,41,mn f,)c.iwi IIIS c.m f;hoCltufJ1)
lu11t hl1J!Qu&c.ii ll:Mt
 ICAUOIIO 7I 277

Thai gian
Khi Lbbi gi•ll (lime) 1.i myt thilnh til Lrong thief kl thl nh,1ng )-ill 11S bo thunb plu\n.
$Ul'.lgnhLI chn)'lfudQng. nhjpdi u (rhrlhm).sequcnce,•uSJ/ bie.n d5ihinh Ltuxcco the Nbil. tbl6L k
dU<;fC hifu th«> ngl1hHlen Lim)'v1nghia hami·,gi6ng nhu ban di.It i:iiuchtln1, trnng can cll.!1 nhdc
thletIre iinh, mol v(lJ pru(ln
·rift nhlffi, , c:ip <lvng chte\l k,ch th<ii gum V1\o IYJl<)grophy d m Mn cho nha thii't bdn tha)' d6J
ke nlui:u cd Ml, tMch thucv:i nl,ungvon de ni6id11 cdn nMc.Vice u ui· n till cri1, d1l1 co th,
th/Ing dl cl1uyen. cdc
,ti p 1,ang each ud\tng ch(Y bifo<Im (JUU thlll glan co Lb ml, ph6ngcich I rll)'fo phl nhfo11 y
JIIii ngi.!dugc n6i rn then m t trinh l\f 1no d6.C.ic k,' LI.I rypogrnph)· co1h dong JUlfc ml·nh
vai tro kf cl!u v&/h1> cI,\nhCcng ,di lll&l u•c,ng<'du chuy n hO Ir<••phudlnh h<la.r!il 161quo
hQicllJdl ni)I d1rng ben trnng ci1a c c tit ma chimg bi€u dgt. Chu coLhe linh hoqt tr.mg Web cw,
,·em t o hlnh Cong ty thle1 kE
vii CCI thel[nh di)11g bll'nd6J cac d\ic tinh CWl no.hny Lbilru chf co thE churfodo!d 131hl'loor
(.1,•M:w./Jl/,jloc•
c
r//wgn.c<1111),
JJ m nh ndJtncua n6 Mngalch d!ll sang nhOng k)' u/ h c tli.11111qng khru:.
nh1r mrnh h9a 6
Beowolf lb m<,1 fort! each tAn. duc;tc xcm la l11fu qu nMt 1hctJ 1h/JI g,ao. Cik Hrnh 7-32.
nhu thl& koCllll t.\rowulf muon Uuic:h Lhi!c qu.in d!em cho rllng ngual ta xac Jp1h Tin/r /Jl11 r
mOt f nl dtl n6 c6 rhe dWlc s.ln udt I , tif nhOng k)' ti,ttlu tltnh hlnh cv1b.!. ,1(proxhrlfty)
Du:1 ra
chl Vi trl cua
vld11- v.r chilviet tay, h9 klu\ng d1nh ntng imb chiit giongnhnu d6 khong
vdn biln
cl11kh6ng
th<!U m6l
c;{(n 1hlet doi ,·(Ii tfnh cl Jvc, m:i chi mt)1clult bicn Ml cung cc\ 1hE"llm mat
lit,n he vcJI
clm
clc U1flnll
1.Myd ch1u 6 cung". Dodo, lw 1 0 rom,)1ioni bungcdchn111h6adic glyph.
phan kMcvA
uhrun
trong m6i
s-.!1, x.rp ng!u nliicu de hinh d11.ng v.l. mau sdc Cllll ,hung. kilOng Lbo:lt rn ,igoM
lliin h¢ l'Oi
nhung ronh gi(II dlf,;rc chi d.!11h. Trang nhrlng rnnligl<.11 do.cic glyph chuycn
Clicd11irng,
t161ti,t ·iJn cit•
docl€irons11h11d:mg hie lu. nhity mlra. C.k k)' n,t cua funt n r khong denh\ln dl khung
n bling c.!ch x.lcdlnh nhilng hh1h chjng 1rr1h. v6n la ciich 1h1lc'1ng lhiiy (J , h)nh;,·ln
1ypcfacc kh6,.11,a) vllodo, l)eowol(du<;1c nh nd, n nho!let tlu v;\ klc1,b,eo d61. biln c6
Kb, dur;tc 1h,"k,io v
ln r., c.l.c kj• t\f l p Jo.I cira Be.:>w1>\f tron.g khdc nbQu, nnu mluh hqa,) Hlub 7·31. ciingm91di€

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in (conv
rge), nit,-ao
/retro.ct)
hoiicchiingl:
in.
Chuyen dcing (L1verl11p).
1 re111g
Cacchu)• n dong xar r.i 1rong thlli't ke dung ch1Y d111y€11 d ng h 1r<7161 cho
vl c kecl111)· u Chung cl.>n gnrp hrfo tl11g19ng di "• hn c K"-" linh c-J.ch cbo de khung hlnh
IL1u tJcn
cua Hlnb 7-32 (bt'1l tr.ii). clc ,cm •ii tltl re xep theo kh6i dQc m◊I dch ch m r,li.
mhi ,;6 o m bcn tren :;il Lrcicl'c tll Lden 12de m(> phong trJI nglli m dJ
thang.nuly ](In cao.

fypei.r.cc D u.rolf u\11

Eriknn Ulalland ,·a
Ju1,i \,\11 l o1t,,1um Jtn
h1l.11n 1r IhiN k:t
c h . uo ..Jmut.
 278 I Cllll uona mill tru!i,g iy lh11lt s6I
S1,uoay ,'t),,s(rot11tio11) cu c c tMnh plun lC.:ly r qwu1h mc>t d.11:nl ho <=
ml)I trvc i:rung t,i11,1-:.1r1ban co the ph!lng hoic co m6I li?n h¢ khong
glon, thco d1li!u kim dnng_ho hoicng,cqc chii!ukim d6ngho.Tri.mgcung
mi)tsequence. m<)ht , dnqua du,;,c tnngc12, nu1 p/(,mhang m•y cbo
tang
13 se xuKt hlcn. Khl nhlln vilo, none"bum vilo". n(ado bit dau x:oav
vong. Tlk <1¢ xooy cuo m11 c1otansJen chn den khi116 u\, rn ml)Lvong
xo.1n 6c ng_ yclog mo rl)ng r.1 rol lnpdiiy m n hln11. KhI"i'mp<i:l.n<le
d1\ lit!ddn. ta thlly mlnh du,;,< chuyen qua m1\1cling M tie'n vnom(>t
d1i u k,.:hm(II,
mot boi clnh k)' lij v m¢1ga kMng l6 xony,·ong 13 ghly, l:!Jfo
ungnar Iii c:lm gi,ictri'.J thilnh ntqt vikhfin giabl bu6c plu\1 cr trong
ngol nhitdl!n trol'l;l m◊LM hQI nao d6.
Rr1h11g (.hu,vd11d(ing (dinr.:tiar,) m,, I:l each ch<1yen d(>11g cua d11l: huirng
co lbt the<> phuang ngung, dQc, xic.r,. lien lqt, Ju, ra, ho c nglu nlu n.
M()I khi ban LO'i dtlqc ch613 gi,iy.ClHlnh 7.32 (bell trai). mol go. h.;
gflm ghi!'c sc 11h y x6 ra til snu nr1t Ihung may kla, qlc chit xoay v,'lng
m6 1d nhilng djch ,·u ci,u d!ng ty1hie1 ki d,cong nluc Hen l&n vii Jill
vc. Dich ,• Cl.IOI citog rltnlense khong Ju,.mit chi rcri JUJong. Rotgii
hebt\t ddu xoar
tTl>n vt\ Lien d.En. Vl c ph<lng to \".l.o mtl.Ldia ga M. von Lh\lc s9 It\con
so L3, ghipchuytn sang kbung dnh U llep.
St/ ,t;,11, /11IJ11c (orlc111ntio11) dl c.ip den hu!l'ng d9C ci,u vnn ban, co1hl
I 1h o pht!Clng 0,l!"ng, Ofi'C, ;de.n, hc.i c (()nij, Khl lien vno mlil cun gii
heCJ H.rnh i,3'.!(hen pJ,di), la thay c:bfoh mmh du.ag ii Irungdi t,hu
c,\ 1hl g,d djnh rang do .Iii1rong dcJ1 b(ln!l <:My cus gn he. Noi ten 1rt11
con nittui,
nbilng 11!1clll'.t.ng lhl,fc ve c611g t)' th1€1 c d6 llltn m r6l bien m I theo
nhilu chiru h,rcrng kl11lc nhnu.

Jil11h 1 7' I f Tieng noi va tinh each

Lu;illU1.IJdu,111rn..whutb t11
tromg Web hca.11 hlnh ciia O:w-
c l'.u:11.W!T \\\_Lr1oR.u.tfm.i
1hUll...
1 ,ung ry I llhl lnor MoIAc:htl
i:.hu\l .C J(\tl(t-
Co lhl nhan 01cl, hon ho c nhdn 11nh h6a ,;hil bingi;:!chs-.in cho no 1tl1ung
banh vi g16ng con ngual l1cvc loai v;\t. M t li<!ng n6l (voice), m6t cam x-
Oc (emolioJJ} hn)' m(>t tin.h each (personollty) co tM dlf<;U: truyeo '"'i>
chfl
Ihong qun hh1h lhtk v:i d1uycn d9ng ciu1 chtl 116•.M(il c;dch lmy khie'.n
ng1llli xan 1nlt bo,;n6f ho I nghi16 4p dvng c.ik qu)' lw).L1·91lylllctng
tt,Ivilo 11h.ilng nh n
v4t hoo1hlnb g,6c,g v{fl cu◊cs6og t:,,nh thaongcunch,,ng111.E>if" ch,on
e.ase 111 vu ens<: out ch<> cac chuyfu d.l)ng co Lh€ gltip m() ph<i1Jg h.i,;11
rugag vi,t l)' elm m(>t m.M tntl.l'ngchj,u111h hLlirngdia trQngl!Jc. <Trong Jo,
c:ise In Iii chinb cho chuyl'n dqng l;,j1 llliu ml)t cru:h ch m rill,sau d6 lung
toe J¢ tlhanh hun; ca,eou114 chinh cl11.> chuyen d.Qng h t Jan
nhanh,su11'19d1 m l I),
Trong 1<1,JI phim ng,\11ddy s ng t o "No,Mt y Type," (t m di\:h: "Khong phlj
phaog cichdta roi"l, nhtl mo 1 aHlnb i-33. moi khin cgnh cun ph:l.n b.inh
1inh du!Jc x5i· d\ing tu c:ic lcuerform co tbl! ill cbuyil'n. Tro.og b<:\ phlm
kl duiyqn ni\y, kh6ng tit naod1tQ'c ncil hoJc vlcl ru. Thay vim do, nhi.:u
1ypcfocc, bii!u 1u(fng c1lng nl111ky tl,C kh , nhau <itlt;ic 1 m cho churen d<:\
ng, 11hA111
1ruy61 tt11.:dm xuc vii hirnh vi cU11, k nhtin v4t,
 ICHUONG 7 j 279

Nh!p di u va tiet
NOT MY TYPE
tau
Trang l'ypogrnpby lruy1:u th6ng, 11.hjp dl u (rhytnm) du(lc t o ra nhb l p
ti) h1l cac ki' 11,1 ho < d c dl m cu• ky II/ ve mOt khling l:\ian, Trong chlt
_ II chuyen cl.Qng,ai nhlp Mu (regular rhythm) Jan al1jp
khOng.lctt(lrTt'llular chythm) deu co thedL!Q'c t(lo m bing cnch l p Iii
chuy€n d,)ng. M,;it quy t1ic chung theo kJnh nghi n1cua giui1nm phim
Iii tbi1i gian hiln Lhi vdn ban clin gap Lilli di) Jal thl'li gbui ,ioc \'\\n
bin. Dllu nay cho ph4p1,g,t/11 emc6 du thl1i gill JcdQcvil ticp it
th6ng tin dl!t•cdua rn.
llel t:iu (puce) trong tllieL ke d11ng ch(J cltU)1ln J,)ng·m(1ttl rmk
nh;inh h m cii nh1p di u.1' t t5u ch111c U1ict 14p nM rn¢1 cbu i etk
kl.\oaug Lhlll ginn{duratitm) v.l kho¼ug d1Lng (inLcrv ll. xcn giil'U
nbaug kho,ing nil)' In hi u ling cbu)'cn Hep (lransllilln), ((hoang th/ti
gla.nIn thl!i lu nll hiin rh[ m(ll dof1u11ng hoOc dlfo ra mvt hflnh
d,:,ng.. Khollng dil.ng quy din nhilngdilm nghi gliln c c hanh d.;>ng.
J,Ji ling chuy.!:n ffep dAn
d t ug11oi xem ,u.:lin'1don .(shot) bu)' canh qu.ir (seen ) nar song cnnh
<In bo ccii.nh quny k€ ti6p. Cdc ky thu t chuyen tilp ph,i bien nhift
l}>O
g,,m. C.tt, ch6ng m/1. me,tliin vii lapcanh (wipe).
C,11(cw) ll bl lingchu)'en ticp th!ng Lil hlnhti.nh nay \anghl11b
anh kMc. l llnh7-34a cho dlling ta th«y c.kh th{/c nha thlc1ke dt
nt c-:in'1 dO'n nit.ysangainh d<111 kha.c trongm(>Ldoijn quong cao
th,tong TlU)l,
<:Mug m&(dissvl1t) la hitu ang chuy n 1i6p mil tiµ J6. m,;,r anh
hoa v:\o m(>t nnh kbdc. Hinh :1-34bclu, th yscqu nce i;I Hinh 1-34•
trc'ing rn sao neu nhil Lhl t kl dung.hi u ling ch6ng mb thn)' vi h.l u
ling cit
M t o sv chuyfo nepgiila haidnh ,lcrn.
I II I M<t1M11 (fade/ I hi u dng chuycn tiep m3 tQ1 do, m<i1.inh ton
C:'H:1 lum,hiuhIJrtr.ttl J-h1tt·'r"",1 cl.in roi bii!n 1m't1 lh,tlic khl ,lnh tl.!p Lheo ruift hi n. Hlnl1 7-3-lc
1111111n#jln ,11 \J1 1\'(' ll1,t4rr. ,l!rh-
1;/JJ,111,ftul/J,i1t•l11( ,t...h • lJ4 irll ll minh h n Scquena lu.:,ng liJ lJ Hinh 7-3 n khl dU(lc dp d ug hi
t ,\ , \' H, P.ro... u ling churln ll€p mil d5n,
Up cdn/,(wipe) lb hieu Llngchu)'in tl€p mil1'11 d(,, m(>1 hinh anh
md'I dLl ck"°qua miln hinh theo chieu ngang, chreu d,.,c, thco gtk
clukb. hu c theo nhifng tl ng hlnh toa trim tll !Gm. I llnh 7-Hd
cho th.i)' bi4u uug hi'.11 c.lnb Litt(> chihl ngang ming ra snc, khl
Jttl,lc .ip d1Jng chocling m(lt s•quenco1, Hinh 7-34a
llttu he'tpluin m m chlnhsu11dJu,6 them nh,eu hi u ungchuyl:'n tlep khk
1.1 b1.tng dGi \'Oi ell<: 11hn th, t kl'v>I r1hlt 1 111 plum cb1.1ytn nghi¢p, vi
¢<: ll!m dvngnhunghi ,umgchuy&i lr<'p men I nllythubng bi>:fmIi\
1.hicn churen ngh1¢p. Nhifonhn thi<t ke chi c-hl:,n mOt ho cruil
klfochupfu Uep d.tdung nMt
qun.n tr'ongo\ d<lfll
pllfrn,.nMm git\p ngttbldJ;,c fl
b! r{ll tri nMt.
Kbi c-ninh slin LhiEt kl di1ng
ch\'!,huyen dl)ng, ha)' ,iin I h n
quon s.iL1iet 1au cuo cac
th1'nh phd.n; kboo g thi1i
ghm. khoang dung ho c hi u
(tng chuye,, ti<p quit d,\i
khien ngito,,,rem mut kien nh
n ,.i khongcon cam Ilia)' hang
tbil nua.
 280

I I
Lnl.! fn::rn, hmb tn...,, du:n
hWia tlnit_dtu>ln llclpcJ.t !11.:h
IU
J11;,1!\ l'h1111 llufo;i "...: f•W>i''
1l11n1mtr 1,m Uath: Kl Mi
(11<11t u10r c;a;- ph,m dnrong
nul t.:t.1.1. JQu.dbJr1 ll.11· br0tA
1hno, H,l11Qfl•r11bro,..,k.lh• i.5n
••'"uo,h.,10.1 rht d1u1h
l\fW1't)c:c,1hr\1I

f- ' I , J

H,(lu rm({chl)'Jt'Dllt-pi:ht'init f-1\ u lffl8dnTfllOh('p11W HKu u-ugdmycuht:f'l11r

tul, t;JU.i c3\. l<lu11:1,- hlnh 11 ,IJ'DCltJe.,J, Lb
ff111-J1- ll
bJubu d.tth autai:lll·a,,hm1¥ hh h.,
Jl111-h .H• tHnh 7 \ lA,
 ICHtiONG11 281

TONG KET CHUdNG

Mdy tinh diiibay,MIchinh bln chill cunch(l. Bdn
cMI hu(mgMn mir, d rfit chi 11
1cun1hif1kerypog11,phr rruvo!n th6ng bi langpht
kjcll ban hinh onh (storyboa.rd): IOp 1,op cac
tten mun h1nh •=)'tmh vi khung h\ phac tha.o ho c ,ender, btk
d phlin gi:ii kiim kh6ng the i\lQ ra cic s.k th.Ii thJlayool, cao nanh cli)ng va11101 g1an cho m t
ph1'1c t p p)n thiet ke chcr.711nyv;io d6, 1inh ro llilet l<ed\la
rnngvl dnb d dQctro nen <lLUln ttQng bcin buo gill !tM th.bl glan ho c c6 t!nh Wdng tic
Mtd6Jv<'.11 cbu trlnh chtfu. nh m luon glil.:ho d\tc
gla ci\m 1116, Jd
dlju. h, u diJqc th.6ng dlcp ,·.i.umai mnf tam tri
kh,
x<m. Kfl qud.lA, cic quy1J1'u: t)·pogr.,phy trny n1h6ngkh<'>ng phtii hlc n o ciing phnt huy
tnc d\Ulg161 o moi truong ,, th\141 so, Hi n dii co u\ m(,,1 1 p h ,p•, , quy1!,"khnc
nlum. giup Iiing 1,}J da.HnhTOningvn tfoh d dQC c:i'.m man hinh,VII chung clu mul Mt
d.1u irnat hi¢n.
rllnl1Uu/c c:Cm n◊i dullg ,·ic't do. ul llllQ'c m(/1 ch ng lltl<lng d.'11 lrcmg vii)<: lruren lni )' nghia
,,u hlnsnoi ciia nhil tfot\'tke dm ngucri xem Oi nhi n. gl6ng nhll v&i typt1gr;1phy
,,(fj
truyen thong, y nghin c61M ,1ll(lc khuc hr.,a nh/1vll)t ch1,1n 1we<occ. klfochu. kid.1 th\fcJc.d(i
rl}ng ky t\f, mokcMeight.mn.u.1c, . Ngurrnly;;:i,.,:;1J nhitn m abai LhEllm nlllh n
IJungnhil.Ip d 11igs1flli<1ngphin,s\fl(ip lnh i1 m bien d ng11bi1ng leu,erfomi co 1M' nb a
dJ n dli()c. Vcri l!l\c:)'eu tllbl!<ungnhtl thltl gl n " ,hu)'ffidqng.ngliiti xcm co
thechilngkicrt ho;}cLhll.nichi th•m.gin ,, tlfn ttlnh b1Jn dot. Nhilng 1/ kl n m11 hQ1¢r
phcl1,•.\ hp d11>n u·ongqua lrlnh
qunn Mir sf dem dm nhilngchi u klch kh/ic chocd chit delfo da chn) n ,htvc '4P-
Ty1,ogruph) ky thu t <6 ci,n tung dip nhl<'ukliilna11gmol, cl,u ph<p nit.I. Lhiet
keIQ.0mnhung Ihill kt'llnh d,'.lng.Vil n hfc;lng. I( hbng.:impl\.11barn v.i!J ,·, tuot cil11l( nhde
ci1n "i jn rin, nhu
thi€t kcco thl d d,\11g1foh hQ'p n.hitngkii Lhujjt vb.chi n lttl)'cbo q1c thLLngh1¢m. dliych1nh Ju
de r.ru 16 giup mar◊ng them rnnh glc'<l ,un c.ich 1l11k ng,rlli:1<m J9c, Uop r1hOn,dj11h h1t611g
\'11 tL(an11tacVO'I vdn bii.11. Chukh6ngconphi\11inh hR)' hot hlcn nun.Cac nho rhtet k m{ll ch1
bat ilifo thljc hJ<)n nhilng klLllpb.l ticn f'hong v/uJ vi sir d11ng clnl m(ll c.lchllnhd◊ng troug
din b:,u ky Lhu t s6.116ttg Lhbi cl.{nh nghia ll)i c:k rnnh gll'il ,. vit,chrl c.;1h,!'I gl ,-i, Gi. h <ti
d1,1.ng <.hO nh\f m{>t ph,tong ti u chu)'en cha g,i'1p truyr.11ro, 1.hong11n

Aoglac(llluslon) ve ciiuy6n d¢ng 110ng phlm anh, vTcfeo va cac m61 trul/ng ky thu$t s6la
ket qua iLIvi gMp chu6i cao anh lfnh 1&: do nhanh hon m.!1lhlltlng oo th ghr nh
n tilng anh m¢L B¢ i,ao co.nnguO'tilep l o camnh$n Ve1h11 ma mlll tMy 01190 lau hdn
m{lt chul so viii kh1m f nhin lhay no !hue st,/. Hien luong sinh ly h nay dtJoc 901la
StJ ltJu anh (Persistence or Vision). 01 dOi val lu t Kh$p kin (Law orClosure) lheo
mm lyh9c Gestalt, Su1\/u anh cho ph p b\i nao lap day nhung vj tri con lhuiu d 1ao
ra. cam giac
vem¢1 n <!(Ing ltiu chuy n ll&n tl,l(i T6cdi) 24 khunghlnh m61giaydu d6danh lila mat
ngllOicam nh nmot sequence bao gom cac anh finh dlloi d ngm61anh dqng duy nhat
282 I Offillni 1 mlii1nlnl!Ikjiho!1•• I

Ont4p
1. N u mQt s6 khac bl t gii1a chu trinh chl4u vii tyl)ography truyen thong? Nhang hac bi
t nay tac d ng nhll th nao den cac vih d6 v trnh rorang va tfnh d doc?
2. Font pixel Iii gl?
3. 0Au I IQI th4 va bat llli cua vltc s(I dt,tng font nhllng !tong lhlet k6 cua b n?
4. Hay gial Wch each ca, thl n tinh ro rang va ttnh d dQC trong cac mOi1n1crng ky thuat
s6 bang each d/eu ciilnb nh(lng blen sau: K(ch lhll"<:, I chO, tracking, leading, klah
lhildc do vl!n ban, pham vi d6ng vii ket c€u1c,u tnic b m I
5. Chu bung sang ta gl vii ban co the tranh hien ltlOng nay trong thief k6 cue m1nh bdng
each nao?
6. Guiithich sl/khaabi I glO'a lont bitmap (ho o font raster) \la font outl[ne (ho o font victor).
7. K9 lhuat dieu li I(hinting) la gi?
8. K9 thu t khu rang clla (anti-aliasing) la gl?
9. Khl m(l1 thiet118 d!hio in ra b g oach dung quy trlnh in b6n mau, c6 hal -cAch nao di
ngan n eh6ng l h mau 1mrsreglstrauon) ma khOng lam g)arn d1Unh ro rang?
 jCHUONG7 j 283

Bai t4p
1. Tim nhilrlg trang Web sil dung cilil theo oac each lhi/c sa.ng teo. Hay xem•xet
nhtlng chlen lll,;lc typography ma cac ntia l!iiel Ke da dung. va gial lhfch ro ly do I
sao chuog dem lql hi u qua.
2. Tim nhilng lrang Web sv dvng chO khong lot Hay xac d!nh deu la nhung di m
khOng h1 u qua. vii each lhilc d nha Ihle! ke co th6 cai 1hl$n typography 161I\On.
3. 17m, tel ve bat cil lont m,en phivii lily y nilo bao chon vaca, d l vao may lfnh ovan.
4. Hay lhiel ke rnot !rang Web glai lhich cacli dung chil' trong nicii In/ling ky th t s6
d d "!11.fc;ic l!nh r.; rang vii lfnh dA d9c tol uu. Chia c layout theo chl,u•doc, sau
dt5I1).i>!iii cling m61van ban fJ ha, ben c¢t. Ap d ng nhung klen thirc b!lfl nam di.foe
ve mau sat. SI/ llidng phan. kich lhlicic, ki u ch(/, tracking, leading, l<lch lhllOC do n
van ban, phi!ffi vi dbng vti k I u/ u 1ruc M mat, d&l o ra m(lt I Cl/c ky ro
rang, c(II con l l kll6 dQG
5. Hay tao mOt kjcll ban hlnh Anh chom¢1tam thlep dl n11)' (e-caro) 06 khanang1ucrng tac
m(II each lruy n cam, ehT dung cha d truy n !al lhOng dl p cila th1$p. ntm lh! p t!
lan
ILi nay oo th su d ng Mt cu chu de ohuc mung nao ho c vuih danh batky ngily I nao.
6. Khi\ch ha(lg cua b\m dang thi,rc hlijn m9t chuong lrlnh lruyen hlnh an lheo (spln-
oN 1-elev!sion show) dva1ran m(it nhan v t 1rong chllong 1rlnh ua thich cua bijn Hay t o
m¢I klch ba.n hlnh snh t0an ahilchodoan phlm mudau da130 giay cua chtJang trlnh, l>At
buOc
phal co1en chudng trlnh, ueu tie t J)sAp chi4u. l n d odl!Jn, di6n v!en va nha blen k!ch.
7. Hay tao lhillt k cho mor trang Web ho c m6t be, thuyet trinh PowerPom1chi dan ngu I
Xl!m each chill 110 dann blll ua 1hrcn cua b n. chi dung cac ky w typography va bi
u IL/i;tng . khOng SU dyng Mnh anh. Khl lhi61k4 layout. My can nhic each b glup
ngl/ l xem dinh htldng lhOng qua mOI I1'\Wn.g ky lhual s6 vaeach ban nhan mi,lnh nhiJ'ng
thanh phan d6ng val tr6 quan 1r9ng d6I voi vl c xem Iran man hlnh, Can nh c each
cac lhanh phAn nhu llne-lenglh (dO dal dOng cha), leading, word spacing, IYJlelace. kfch
thLtcic IQI\I vii mau s c tont se tac d◊og d'6n 1/nh ro rang la.II lfnh de doc trong
th1e1ke cue b n ci mOI lrtlllog ky th Is6. Hay can nh c nhOng quy61 djnh milb n
t!tla ra c6 the khac b l ra sao kh1lh h1 n ba1 lhuyet trinh tlOd1Jtl1 d .ng 111,
 I Thiet ke chi!I

\'..ir1"h,t h;im ..tmm lm.ii:.ni:t t-rr,, •p,..dhHm) In fr hrr·dnuq

nla 11t-Jh,u1J · t.1,1 t 1141n 1001 11\111 trt11(.), ttuil .Lt>.;1h. Ju"'-
Lut.lco l\cn,lludUng f.en1,1lnf .(l:n.if ,r tt,,n1cr1f1&111),J!C', ,-.tn
11n11 nitm

jU,11) ..(n.J Jw J,.111 pM1•,,;,t "u,u.if,JtJ,lr

:nc
'ff },,,

C la

C
:z
C)
Alu. c tiett btii ho. c
' Glal thfch mvc ti cua ban thlet 6 font de XU l.
• Th1€1 I$p cac ht16ng dAn cho vl c tt,let ke m¢t lont m I.
Olia ra nhung quyet dInh am tullng v s1,1 tudng phim 1con11aslJ, hudng
rihan not (angle of 511'85&) va cac mH cu6i (terminal), nham dam bao lfnh nh t
quan trong m{lt b¢ ky h,1(Character set).
T o dUQc typeface nguyen g6c (original typeface),
Nam ro lu(lt bim quyen (copyright law) kh1ap clung lu l nay tho th1et ke Ghil
Phat trlen m¢t bl) ky • hoan thl n
TMm hOang ciich vita ducho cac ky tv
T o duoc m u fspeclmen) d trlnh bay va marketing cho m¢l lant 96c

Gilli 1hi¢u
N€u b9n djnh thlet k€ m¢1 typeface g6c, cau h61 clAu IIM se dlfn trong d u b n
la: Tai sao? Trlm hat, co v6 van typeface san dung o ngoal kla • vo1 s6 1t1ong
nh1eu chlla tung th4y SU l'iung phat cac Ihle! ke typeface mcil llep theo cu¢c
Cach m(lng Ky thu t s6 da v1191 qua m6t each dang k con bung n typ!!face
cua cu¢c each
m ng C6ng ngllltp. Tuy nhlen, gi6ng nhll the giol nay luon chila ch6 cho m¢t
bile hQa nOa. thi vdi typeface cilng vay. NgiJCII ta tao cac typeface m(II111 nh! u
ly do t\/o'ng tl,I nhll khl ho o ra nhOng bllc hQa mol • de the hh)n ban thlin,
(le dlia ra
tuy n bo ca nMn ve the gldl hQ clang s6ng, (I dap (Ing rn6t thiet k hay m¢l nhu
cau mlnh hQa CV the, ho c!el o neh m¢I hlnh anll d c tnlng cho Cong ty,
Do do, ni!u quan tam d1fo vl c thiet k typeface, b n can quyet clfnh ly do cua
b9n g1. va san ph m cu61se phuc vv cho mvc dich nao. H1iy lll h6i al se dung
typeface nay, hose s11dvng no ra sao v dun_g<I dau. Typeface clvqc xem chu yeu
1ren man
hinh hay teen ban in • vdl k1ch coIon hay nh6, o c1,1Iy gan hay x.a? NguiJi ta muon
sis dvng font ctJa b n cho lo I thong di p va tai ll U nao? Typefaceeua b n c6
the tTuyen tai tarn1r3ng llnh th nhay kJ u y nghia nao; tfnheachcua lypelaoe se
rasao?
286 I 0,161 kl chllI
KHOI DONG
M/)1 c:lch hny M khtil dung IInet k" lvpefac lit hnv del m(IL bin ml\ la ng6n I' olll a11 olu.
Hn)' mu 1,\ 11h0ng y nghfo 1am1r11-ng, d\.m nh*n 1!,.,1> dv tfohcu11 h n
v; l)'Jlefac n Jinh
thtet kc.vedoi M;rng sil d1mg,·;i coch sil d11og tyjlc(uce11n..Dicu nayden hoi phliingh1en
cx/u m,)I cli1\1, d c hi lIii khi b n <lip t9u ra m(lt thi2t k<' Mph11c V\1khrlch hitng11.'w Jo. !
lay
(! 1 rn ll! t du hol ,1un11 tr,;,ng $ U: Al (who), (, 11g)lnho (,vbat), (I dau (wh 1·c), 1h/1i
ditm
11al'.I (wlwn), toisao (why},-.i nhu the nlto (howl.

• Alb $\l Jvng font do b+n 1h1.!t k , v/1 alsc dq, font nAy?
Font nlly boogom nh\lng ky lt/ gl?Cha hon Chu tlntong? lion co b o g6rn caccon
so, dou cau, lign1ltr• khong? Khung biMJ 111qng n.\o dllr/c !WP va<1? 13un co IQo ra
biil c(t 1-..i.fo chu di kern nao l.hongt 1:>ny lam(,1 l'omJun le hny m(,1 ho
ronl(fon1fnmUy) hoiln chinh? Tor ,:i nbilng v ,1den/Jv n<.'n d111,1cqu i:t dinh mrac
nMt. di,111 tr n cong dv.ng c/1., font di\ ho clld1nh •in. N u h;u1 d'inluln giiiy p.h.!p
cho Joni dm mlnb lhllllg qua m,;,1 rong ty Ihlet kl dul,c()1hl hQ$c y u du bQn
phni kbn throni(lt lu"t ky1t1C\l thE.
Font nay s.<Fd!IQ'C xrrn & lf1i11? Tr n miin hlnh> Trcn ban inl 1'ren biln quii.ng cao
l<in
ngoIH 1rl!i! 'l'rcs, cuon u.rnb b dJet, tho.;!dily d c chu?'l'rcn de dol'Jl v"-11 u,\l, lwy
chi
,t,rc,,c ,r d1,1ng cbo rn11cdkb lrinh bay t,fo ,li!/d«LL M khl!l,!ia 1MJ?
Font11uy scg,;il Jett h3y phd.t111.nh 1/Jl/i c/ihJ111tlo lkhMng tMiglo.n n¼o)?
1iJI !<IO lei lfl.l ra font mill n y: font 1>h11c ,·11 ch!l m11.: dkh gH Font nAy n n bilu
lhj
nhungyngh.ia vu/ho ,:cam x,ic nilo? font goi rn nhiins mo1 lifou.ronggll
Font nr1y re dll(lc render 11l11t JIJ.f mlo?·font <e-d1l,;1c J11 tr,?11 giiiy ch1l1 11,,.,og cao dirng
m y Jn lmngcs.:ller v,ln <ii thE b r dit1,1c t(tng d1l lift kh(lng? Funt •cdtt<;rc in tr n
gl y chii.1 l11qng1hnp voi lo , n111c t;11 t1\ dEl9-i ,-...: dom miu1 vii ntuJng,·et m u ohM
fomse d,tqc xcm o k!ch ca Ion h.1}' nho?
E>ilp n ,ho nhilng c<iu ho! M)" sc h6 tn, b;µ,dlln r.i ,,uyE1 dinh C\I1bhf ,·i,;cl\lll dt<,m
rung nhllsitdtmg toe tM11lrpbfu1 vi\chicn lll(lc tbi lk . Su6t q,1y trlnh thiet k<l, vlec lien
tlic dlli chl u l Il'al ban ml.I ta b:<n ,llu ,.;glup ba.n ,U dung hllong irong nhung thl'JI
dllm dn tltlft
dE bo 11 tbhrb "' thict k mvt fvnt ho n.chinh

Ouy tri ban ghi nh n tien trinh

Khi dang titln hanh qu,)' Lnnh 1h1ct kefoni. bnn ncn duy rrl h6 s<1gh1nh t11it t6t Se
c<i
nhfcu chi li t co lM I¼ qua mire.fill v<Ji 1·i¢c chi tlung tri nha <Ii! thto d(li. H )' liiy
m{,I
a16n s6 tay.dong th/Ji ght nhan /log) toim b(lc.kcht1if1C\I the cllil son phani m.1 b n
1h1et
kt, nhungsdn ph.l'.m blhtqtJ3 vnSlin plutmkMng hi qu:i. Hii)' duy Lrl ,,; cghl nMn
nu,,1
bu,'ri:cti.1l.fU)' trlnh v lllQI k) l\f b n dt1ng lam 1•ffc, M co the <ltl Jltng lru)'c p rh6ng
lln do vc:s.,u.
 ICKU0Nt81 287
Tim kiem cam hung
Tnf;k khl b t diiu th,et kl, b n nen quan sd1 ,,a tlm h11fo dug.nh,eu
t -peface cnng t.St, M co lhl nAm tlllt;ic dJlu lb. nhiJng font cLico "i d u
la nhiJng font dang d,r c w dvng M ph11c VII de m1,1c dlch giong veil
m11c d,ch run b n. Kjcn thuc n•} se guip bQn phdn b1 1 typeface cilo
mmh
,·ol lypeface ciia 11g1lili h c. <1611g lhl!i liochof dul)C nhiiu dl u lil
snl l6m cung nhll th6nh c6ng rua cncnhil thiet kekhac.Ck cm5n s:kh
rn:\u (cnt,log trlnh bnyciic mau diuJ,dr;nhitogcong I} tlllet k€ chu cu
vamt'.11
X11 1 h n (cac hong siin Nufft lontl, Iii ngu.Sll th m khllo tu)• t vol do! Id)'
..-nm hllng. Nhitiu cong ty LbiEt k cbiI st gu1 cbo bqn nhitng m&u ch-
a. ml n phih<> C gin lhli:p the<I yru a!u. Tlil!ng Ill, de 1h1J vi¢n phitn
lo l nhl u bi) $\Ill 1,jp ve llnh vo,tc in on co the glu nhto!uSlich m:l"u co
thu,)c
nhfeu gialdo n ljch sl/. T.it nhl n. bun co thi!xcm hfflg1r.i01 Jbnt lit.In
m ng,,, dlcu nar c61h<' hil'u !ch.Tuy ,iy, do man hlnh may tinh nl d(1
phi\n s1a1 kcm, ntn rt\Lhon Mr la b n lr.i)' quan Slit ci, typeface dllat
d1111g b,\11 111 de dlinh gin dung nht'lng s c 11tii u>i tfel do1l1 den 11<!1 d
c bi l,ho tiingtypeface,
Ulm cu6n scrnpbook (v(,d:\n ba1rnil ciing 111m,)1 )' 1ue1ng b pd n
l:.hric. Khi thay mlu chil nilo la111 b,n \1ilng th1!, hi\y1h11 thap"Whn
c;dua mau chi! do vllo cucln scrapbo9k c("' m'mh, dclng thiii ghi ,hll de
t\f nMc mlnh v dlfokhlonbiU,d c bi l hi!ng lhu o tirng miu 11\1€1 kf.
Dlcu nay
) glup fch d10 qud 1rinh br.mtstc,rm,ngcua n .iu nay.

Thiet ke de d t du c tinh ro rang

Klu bl)J1 thclt k cAc gl)'ph,hfiy!'ha rang phfo nit lren vA l n pm\1 c-
(,ab.!.ng tbiI ,'11 llc'og Anh dclug v.u lffl quo.n lr,:,ug nha1mmg vlr)C
rtho,i di¢n ki·11/ £lo Iii Jo h u h t cic hifnd61Gu ng cap nhOng g,;li }' I
hI gldc
dOc 1rung Mu dtigc um tbny {1 rnc kbu vtrc mi)', 11b,1 b\l.ll co tbi 1M1•
1mng Hi11h 8-1. !'tunurn ri t.l1M,1:m rhil i.!i 1.rJI
I !)ii ,J,, ,1-],tl.

ru I\ D /\ rTCD
-
-
r\C:LV\..Jl'II I
IVl'I
288 I lhiit kl cbO I
CHUAN B!
Mi;'l1 1ypefaoe t,61 d I dlf(lc1lnh nil-St quAn du M khi!ng lrun glrin do 11 tlfu Irinh di,tc
nyi qung.E>i!u noyc6 nghtnr ng, khl bin nhin vim tmng<i1l1n pha11vnn b:ir, n\ildung,
th1kh<'>ng nen c6 chilcil n/10 nlli b5t Mn so ,'6'i nhilng chll cM kluk,di!Lien tr\nh dQC
di n r<I suli11,
Doak chCt c,ll en hinh c4n_g kluk nhau, n n m(11 ,-11, aogilic/ao duh thiglikco thi!MI'"
i.k dims, khien uh(lng)ettcrform nhnt qru111 lr<ing nhll thj{LL CLMt quan. V(li nbung tnr/mg
h<.111 nay. ciin tnvc hi , m¢t sli di u chinh Jc t o ra ng<ln ngil thj giacnhat quan, thJm
chi phal tr.Igld blngvl cm5t di 1tnh nhat qu,i_n thVcs\/. Khii!u uogik kieu n yvA glol
phApdi kem.e dt!Q'C biln luf)n trongchuung. wng dicu qunn trQng nhat In b:in nan Li11
v.io mdt mlnh.
Cl.I m◊t s6 quyet tlfnh then cht'it mil bqn cln 1hµc hl n ng;,)' tu glai doon <L1u cu•
qu)'1rlnh thilt kefont M dam b;\o til1h nha1quan. Nhilng 11,fu chqn nape,1inh hllcrng
cho10.in b◊ quy I rlnh thlet ke vn hlnh rhimh n n ph.in 1hi.;1vJu d1<> k,ou mm cun bin,
Cu rhed\iA ci\c
Uiilnh phfo tltilt yliu nay th,1.11h b n hsU>g mvc: Dlionii glong.sv 11/ung phnn, hliaug nh:fn
net Vil n I cu61.

Duong gi6ng
Bo.n dii qucn thu<,ic vcJi c,k thUQl ng;Ct d11<;1c. gi<li 1h!eu t:r Chll(IJlg 2 nhll dllil'llg baseline
{bn,eUnc), x-height {chli;i cao cd sa), c p height (chl.!\1 cao dinh), dliirng n =dcr/dllctng
utn cirng (ascender lmc) vnduring de$CeJ1derid11ilns d,rc,i cling (de$cender line)_Ole cltfirog
!(l6ng (guideline) ru\y kh611g ch! giupnha thlet kl LH> b<'.1C:1Jc.: cbocliu.mil con rot dn tltiel
cl,,,:·, i c Ihift kl chil E>,16111g,liclng haogom m(tl 6 lt!6'1cho ph p nhA1hiliL kc'dim bho
Lilt cl ckk}' qi cirn m(lt font dfo d1rqc ph:ln theory nhat qunn: b n phi!lbi611W
nhilngd11lrng gi',}ngnlly di l I)m\il font m<li.
fl I m v6y, b n sc b L d u bhng m()lem \'L16ng:11'.!c ml)I 6 "' ••it!n brui t ll<'lng w,;mg,dungde'
,cac djah kicb tlnt&, ..-b ani::11.i11g c,k sl)•ph. K!cb.1hmk cuu rngLem..-uimg noy luon bmg
vol kJch thll c polnl,;uu1ypcfa.:c.Ni\ phdl chi'.lu trQnlung1ypeince- mqi chi tiet phtli n&m
khtlf> b<?n trong, th m,;hfd ,;tic dfo (du,critlcal mnrkJn,-.:en1 mark); vifo c6 the{!,!\IC ap
d1111g viw enc chu cdi v S<ltL No cu,111 phai chuahilng khong gitrn pht• 1) cru: ben v;i
tr dlnh
glyph. san d10 ck ky I \J c n khling di,ing ch;µn nhJu. M(11em vuong nay 1htlang tlr!<Jc
dlll:lng bas,iHae chrnJnm bt<1 khu v1tc- phii.n ascent (1>scc.nt) lb.khu VI/C n m brn tren
dllctng
l).1s<allne; con phfodescent (<ksccnt) J 1-bu Vl,lc nim o ben du-'!d11111ig nll.y (Minh 8-1).

Im
l1t.A1t.. .,-uf" • 11lt11n ,t .:urCtla
mM«m'iu6nt
 ICHUONG a j 289
H;lu het font P<.>SlSc:ript. thiel kl val mql em n11)11g Jeu d1t,;,c chi1h1\11h
1.000 dctn v],dm'foht Tnte1)"f'< thic'l k vcri 111¢1cm vuOng dtl,;tcchio th,mh
1.024 ,t,111 ,;. nhll mmh h\111<J Hinh S·l.Tuy nhl n. l.lm vi cv i bt10
nhi u d,1n v1cuij milt em v116ng I ,·nn d.!thu •c quyen qll)' L d1Dl.1
cui1.i:u1u tb,cL ke. J\'IQI cm , ullng cing dt!(lt ch.la nbo,J{.) pbnu giiil
clt1gcno.S6 ltJong em n1011g1<'1i Ja mit Ju "'5 pluin mcm chinh fonl (fonl
cdJtingsofrwarrho tltt! cungclp lo -1.000d11n ,·1: tu}' nhum,domnr ln
thong-thu/lng k illng the son slnh nhii!u .:hi Liel hctn ,t10 so t rung blnh
Lil I 00CI Mn 1.021diln vi, n n mu,cl11 ti& /lfi)'1hm'tng Iii thil• Nga.yco
nhi!ng font dlf<,JC 1h1€1·koi dE:w T tren c:Jc mJ)•ui lmage <ltcr chat
llft,mg G>Jo cu.ngrift pho h,;,p nt!u dt1a tren
m◊L"'" vulingkcp (doubled cm quare) du11c ch,n thilnh 2.00·0 d,,n ,; dol
\'6'.1 font Post.Scnp1. b c 2.04g d<1n v1d6i vol font 'frueType.

...
nt
,\1,.)1JI• t.+ UUf.:J.J..1..; <1,ui di,.u,h l lJ!-l
T.U: fM3IHI q,

lIr it

II

- ,111 II dll.i 1111111I1014 ltll! ti

l3ijn co thf tu)'f x.i, d111h 1,y1¢de ph:in chi11m,)t em vu6ng,W d6.thi t l p
,·l cdo l,ri1ng cho duimggicmg. Tu.y nhiro, sec.tr buu k:h ni!'.u nhlt thiet
ke luu yd.!11d.: t)' I dlli1ng glongchufo,dEco th[ dll3 rJ nlui'ng c1uyel
dl11h um UCl'ng kb, mu1io d, cb cl1khoi rruy!11 lhling.
Theo trnyort thOng, ,1ul111g bosdln chi nl(,L em vuOng 6
khmlng 201'o tit dti<ti ll!JI trl!D (Hi.oh S--'1). Elt'll 1•6i mOl em rn()og co
I.OllUJan
\'I, d, u oily co aghia lo ph.an a.scent cl\ khoaAg t\0(1dan v1,apl1 n
lle<«lll c(I khoung ZOO dd11,•j,

Ii I 'I
£luu1t1b.dotltlK'LWlb..i..tili , u6r,4tu.u ,u.._
nAmb, ! u Ji>"4utJ duc,1Wu trl"rt

""'
 290 fThill " thO )
Cnp hcighl thuiing Mni; kho.iJig 75 den 8 "• chieu coo plnin .1scem, llnb tu
dliifng
bascli.nc (Hinh 8-5). Ellc!u naydclng nghln rang. d,6•i ol n1◊1 en,
vuont co 1.000
ddnvi val pMn uscent gom 800 don ,·J.cap height se n¼m ct kho.u1g 600 dt!n 700
ddn vi tr n
i om phfo.lr t\ dt'llmg l,a;clinc

t •p hn\lh, cw, ml)tn11, 1U1,1" ti-:111,i ·· ht111>t

j.lwiW.i-sd.tn 7 1..1.Ul.u..:w., ...u.1 nlUlitrnr« blr'1h
• h.Ul:1 1"(11 !,vr!Af! lllf\11!)

1J1 0lruyb, th6ng, x•he1ght thu'ongco kkh thLl\i.::b ngkl1<1/tng 50 Mn 80% cap h
lgbt. Do do,,Mi vlll m(it cm ,•uling c(1 J.000 da.n ,., vo1 phitn ascent gt'lm·800 dun vj
vii t3p hclght g m 600-700 tldn vj, x-hcight Iruyen 1hong si! n ,n dau ilcl trong
kltoi1ng 300 Mn 60 don ,·i rren I cm f>hin tr o ducrng b3seline. nhu mmb hQn {1
Hinh 8-(1. 0 <ldr
ral can,,Jllnh d9ng. nen khl 1l,!J1 li.(a chQn mOt x-hdght. hAy rth<'I rang x•httlght thifp
si, khi/11 chit,,:, b n c6 ve ngt,.IJ nho hcrn ,t> v61x-hclght .:au hcrn, du co cimg
ml)t klch thLl<k point nhu nhnu. !sl'u x-hclght qm\ ,,gan. clcchtl cli co th.!Lro ncri
qui\ oho M 4 t h1 1f\ X dllqc a11.hilng kkh Lhll6c porru nl·11\ hon. M t k.h:lc, nl'u
,c-helght WI fonl q l<rn, Llnh ro r1U1gse giinn.boi ph&n osce11t nll&n co thego.r
khokhan cha v, c nh n
dlcn. Vi d , chn h vai phln a$cendet mt nglns Jam 1.1kM phan !,itiso'i chil n.

.....l--.l()lp heiill1'
:\:.l1r, ln1..Ui.i tit,.\t crt1i-u1.111\. d1ui1,1l:
cc)lU 1hmk hlni: ?uloln,; fl i1r.11
11.rJia or tviWu •••ltlJ1
llial!i b"'11 hl"'1
 tMm nhl u kh6ng ginn
am bno qu1111h 1 !
Ollbl\g usccnd,•r (:,scender line) nen c6 cung chleu coo. ho c cao h11n nhilng kbu v,Jc mil
mr,,t dnlt so v6i cnp hc,g\11. cliung glao k(-'1
voi d\llmg g,i,lns,
Elt.tbns descender (d scemkr line) co thl cao bang kfch cC, d.iy dit Mu6n crui d1lnh I ,.b
cuo phii.n descent (trnng m.tcmg h,;rp oily lo 200 d1.1n vi em}, nhu minh
hon <f I llnh 8-7, ho c c6 the ng&n hon mQt d11l1. kb,l'n coc chil
c.U ho u·on "a nbon
illnh co tung k,ch
flutmf .lk..1.t\tkr l Ju1U1I: Jntcndci 1ht1& vc:ti nhilng chtl
iulmilfm1•.uun,
Clll klulc, bani: clch
I/Im chod11i.ng tn
hon m(,t ,hut. Dl Ion\
dleu niy, hi,y di!
ch,mg1'ti(n qm\

Co 1hc h n cimg c5n thlet lijp crlr dtrong glong noi k€1 ch(! c.11 (letter
c01rnector guldd!nc),nlutduo,fc trlnh bay bO..og th.uili ru/lu :cimoHinh 8-
8.
)ieun ychidn lhlct n<!u ron,Cllll b n la lo IchuS.:ript uon ll(l/ll n, m lllQI
c6 cac chu c.i.1 k t 061 l n .nhiltLTrong tr\J.oni bqp nn)', ban can ch9n
n 1 dlifu ct10 uu\ ml d6,10 11b◊ elk 11 1cbilnoikit :,f II&) h ,·ell nhilng
u1f1c.11 kl:c .

Tr1lilt khi quyit dinh r--ic ty ttc1ia fon1, b n ncn x£m x<'t 11l1ieu vidu
typrfn •
<1 nhttu ry It kl1Ac nh•u. de ndm r6 ry It r o l<C phdt hU)' lac d ng161 nlu1'.t ch
1.h1,, kf cuo biµ,.
KhOn!l may LI, ck d11imi: g,6ngchuni: t\l vita M c p kh011g th6a miin
yc:udu
CILI m9l ky1\t. !,ihung clitl cal b.i trc'm ,"II nhon dlnb tr611g nh6 hdn m(1t
.::hut
$0 v<ti c,\c chct di klulc acimg k.kh ca, do chil cru bo tron 1· nhon dlnl1
c<>
I OKUllNG aI 291

t.. I k I
" ,, ,n,:;il"'°R nn, ln
<lul Ul
 elk dui1ng gmngd1115n. B n rungc:in tbic'1 L)p rr1◊1·1Gp hl,!p bao!l<'>m
c/i.c chfi1ng gioug pin,,trq (o,•ershoo1guJdcUno) de cic chil Clll bo u·ou ,·
nhQn d:inh duy1rl dll<;rc ng6n ngu 1hi gliic nh 1quan vai nhu'ng ki' tlf
kh:lc, nh,, minh ho• cs Hinh 8• . Cikdt1<1ng gl<lng pb\L tr(• buog(';m:
Dt1<1ng g16ng phl,I L"1 dll/Jng bMl'llnc{bi\selln o,,er;<hoot), dillinggi6ng!
7h\l lTl,1x-helghl (x-he,ghro,·eru19,)I), d1h'1nggilmgphy t rQ c;ip
helgh1(capheight overshooth
dullng giclng ph\.1 Lro d,f/Jng ascender (nsceodor line ovorsbool) Juimg
gi6ng ph\l l,V J,t11ng d=CJ1der (dc .:,•ndcr line owrsh1101) (CLIY chQnt
!)"/Ing g,ong pb\l trc;, chunn chtbn kho1ng ti/ 10 den 2() dcrn vi doi
vc'ti ml)c l'm"ullng co LOUO don .-J, tl!c fo n m ph.in tren (ho c phfo
duM mol t1,,11ng glong1.:t I den 2%.

. ,,.!..a" '"''l'L""'"-
_,E JoUli ;;i, .-,l"t'OUll<l- ---
t":: 1lli,C

tlf
\Ti c xdcdmh dOr()ngcim cac I..'\·Lu trong cu
m{>t em vuOng tlu//1r1g h171 chi, quun, lrll ch
phi b,111 Sl1p t o ra m(lt font monospn,e en ln
t/it cl enc kf tV ,, cung lll<)I dO rv·ng. M◊t h
na
chlfo luQ'c 1,11 y,
tli.,o 1ruyin Lhnng IAtuly biil d:tu 1hl€1 b• nh
dQ r¢ng en ban:M(>t d(l rong h\'p(cl,o de rn
chil cal nlut I, J. I vii t). m\\t dQ rt\n l<rn dt
du
(cho de ch1ldti nhll M vi\ w) v m61 ,!◊
r,,
n;mg trung c
blnli cbo nhung cl1llcai con la,. Snu do, $1
trong 1n
li.
hk b lhi t kf tilng chi! cai. hii)' bifo till!
lt
d(i r()ng khi c.in lhiett enc,h.:t \'Ui nhung qu
net ngang diJy eel the ciin lhu h p !;Ji. do on
I
.le net ngang t:JO n .lo gii!c khlfo 110 r(ing
ro
ky tc,t co ng
v ng Im nlul minb hi;,a a Hinh s.J(), ng
Bun C.
hly tin ,-ao rn t minh khl 1h1!c hl n vi n
ng
tlthl glJc.

I I I 1 1
( .i.:t, HfYOI nhuug ncl
UM-".ttp W.-,, co Lilldu I.bu htp
ta, ,1,,.,;ai, n, njl.1118 1,1:,, r
""JiJ., \.h1 11 Ji, ,1111,t ll,f
, 1"' tAn lr1r..
 ICHUONG eI 293

SV t\Jl!ng phan
N'fnl bfn di, biet iJ nhilng d1tl1Jng trtr6c, s!,( H"'"8 ph.in (conna,1) 1r1mg rypogruphy chi
w bien cloi giua_ phnn du,·,-ii mong c(rn chilcni; r(rc hi, sv khac bi Ig!On d6 r()ng ciiu net
sn:m{stem stt0kc) voi11 1 hnlrll11c (haklln Lmke). vi\ glil• ph:fo d:ipulphan irn\
ngcu,1 nelcong(cur"ed troke). Coe font cow nt<1ng phiin r.tt thiip trongsemil d\ic vii
1 m gi;im tlnhrorl.ng cu van bJn ll(\l durtgkhl khongcon n Ld c tnlng r6relcua
ci.:letterfonn.
Nhilng fonl c6$\' tltdng phan ti:L C30 ding ca the lltm glnn, L[nll ro rang CUA 11(1i dung
vln tr.in khi liun choi nnl1va bi n g aic .lertertorm 1•6n kh6ng kbo M nl,4o d.i ntnlc,c
,le), Ngoil rQ, b •• Mn thnn1 klt:lo clc vf dv th\lc tcM hl u r,1 mlrili rnuw1 lhil!llOp lo
tuong phan nuo.
D61,,,r,Jom co V¢ogo,11LrUyen Lh6og, b;i_n co LM chinbstroke·we1sht (dO ditu cu11 net)
(1-,ta Lim, c,rp height ,n;\ b n d3 thlft l p, b ng cJch d<Ull; nhllng1y l pMn lnhu au:
Net-,tem th&11gdung_dia cha hon:Tit l 3 Mn ltm. Gip
heighL, N l bnirlinc1hAng dung cim chi!hon: Tit 5 den 8%
cap height.
Tl pMn. b0-n c6 11,i!' thon dcliilo hlilng net th6ng Jll'ng cuu ch11 lhuirng d\fn iren stroke
wcight thilng Ji'.tng cun chi! ho,1.
Nets1em th¼ng dungcundtil1h,1/mg:Til80<ffo 90'/ooctsh:m thAngdflng
cit1tchcrho;i. Nelhnirlinc th ngdung cua cbll th11ang. Tino J.ln B0%n 1hairline
thdugJitog cirn
d1il hon (Luu y:Ole thnnh crossbar thubngd r hdn).
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nhtJ minll hQn l1 lllnb8·12, Ji.' b;jn c6 llu! p d11ng chung mQt c.tch
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Linh 11hlf1qu n rroog ngOn ngil th1 grnc cu• m1it fonl. M c ,H, if
m(lt mil( do n.io do, iMt d3- ti.ch ri:11 !<:hot sl,l ke lhitn Ill c3lllgrophy.
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hinhco
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nlul mmh h,;,n <i l:11nh 8-13,
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