12.SemeBaste Cenaceu AOxgank.

Chumdb
ke iydides a_casben adsecasbeua) aud
tkeinderivatireA aae_coleo osganie.
ceyieundu Teuanchochemistry
wichdeals ith hencmmpramds
i called "orgauic. chemistay
Reasus o lanqe nunbes. gania
CAapemds

a Catenatiess (Siaale,deuble, tiple endand

LeNalet hanectth
by Tetaualasay4alasa-
Ghemenal chaae cteuitit eOagauic ceyuou
*. Cemremada sarbeauta H,0, N,S,P,E|
CL, B amd I .
doundAM ig
pet , eti...). qauiamu Ccanbnlydnaleur,
. Cyaws updn len) delicd.
LarJoiling meltin4
Ad e t ( covalo
slont
Veiatile
cbidy.inflanumate, inactiveLendk
x

Pemdi KelemaAedeuh.
 Oxgauic
Comyewds

OpeM cleainlacyclisoliphotie Cld chain (on)

Cnenda. yclieAmyeAda
aikone olkns, alky,et)

HonAayclic Hetexocyclie.

H
huran Brelehiophese

Aluclkc Arennatie

yeloopont qclobustoue Cclohexane

Bcnzeneid Neu- Beu zeneid

HO

bzn Manluthalene Troleut

Caniiation Carbon (C) ate
MbestCatom_attnched.
*Prisancasbo_akos wun attahed unth
calrdpriaan casbenota
ecenda coba atowm e u colma ttaa
hur sthes cabes ote i called
2 stceadasycardera a t a

Testia canlmaotmuthn cadra

ttahed hane oths cobkna atz,
E Ttiay3canlma atmut.
Quasteuasaycasbena_amn/ hon atem i
ottocdhed uh thahen caxberuatauk
Jicallud4uateanasy L_tasbena otzm.
Reachiit ordes e
Casbma ton
fOn basin o reitiou o unchional. gneu
a Canbon>Casbom uwtaicd dinecty attache
t unctievmal 9peur
Cabo > alon. wtich dinetky attac attacJeo

tt arbo,/

Uamiicotion ohychogen akum

L eqpn attndhed to LAnbzmak
3
2"-kapoqn ttadhedtor 2 cànlin
and qn atahed tn carlbeA

Ah.egnlt) wheh altached te w

3
 Canbem_atea
p- hud»eqen()utih ame attache ta -cobmn.

6Tunctieual GreupA

CHOubich i espeaitde }n he chas

4hepcties omeleeules A tunctiual qouya

Deaubde iple besada ol uatienal ontp

R-F hunctienal gneupR-alkyl hesy -

he Ani in wlichthe aeleuularfssuda

o adjaccut snbM difeaby-CH uiti
CalledhmaleneuA deals andadiiduale
ni henla geus

CH CH CHg C H o
Tentu i Sac unc. gna. hincc,dnilan.
cae. pmepeties,
y Haam Gnunadfamula
i_Prand yalmeut dimalan utiaoda.
Tmole.qulan utighl AM ofpkyitia
fhapunchied. Igzadaaly

Repreentatton of dfonant domudat i

Cevplete fonmula al he brrcdhoun)

(Nat allthe bonda shen).-

Cdtnsed uala
Beud Jine. fomula Lews old u tomiunl|
epaet c'; u s bonds)

TUPAC Oud_ Nomenclatwrs i

Suffr Bimany Ssaffie= Seceadanyupe

CBend9-
Prefic Funchieual pou.
F Fwne
CL A_Calna
BrBzema
NO,T Nho

NONitoso
N=N2Diase.
OCH Mttaug
OC Hs e y -
OH dHydboay .

AlKyl Halides ;AicheodsAldeyde keteu

Corti oride; Esten NiDilu; Acid halidP
Tree dimnsioual eypesentation
metuculu o0ganik

tturdS DhserveCY
Adoy bon edrath-
H
Plou A

dge 0d doss phntctitn

metlane
(10) Isonexism

hStrscmaliLnnehis Stcrte inmmenissna

*ancemuttaicad
Positieaak Optica.
Metomeaim
. Tautooachisnn
Ring hain

i t ia he phenemaeaein JAene ttaa

o eapeaundhaxe tfae sloe chemical ouda
t di shuaical dtuetunes
* luSEmpmnda that hare identical_cdanautral
las btdiehdn paepentiis ad asiangeneut
e tns n mcluls_asecalld isemnthistts
HH H O

Metamthiana |H-c-C-C-¢
HH H H H- HH

autwmehism Lfsonc_daon saly in pretens k ele

Kinq Chain Isomusisn CH,CH= and A
i) Steroiuomurisw Saneds. oula nt diknietaio
elecalein 3 dienehsieraal 4AL
Gemnetri Liowsein s-Tra
H CH3 H. CH3-
CC
H
HC
Cis-bt-2-ene. lrans-but-2rne
 Fissien e Covalent bound
undametal Coacapt Oxg. chemaby
eacho mchaniswa
qua.
nequal. B.
Byhowselytis4isies hemelyi
By hettnelybik JisianLhetaalyais
A-6 Á t B (he hadical
Hounelytie ission varauhpham
AR At t
Hetexelyic iuiea is
(12 Nucleouhilesand lectophiles
Reqatiels dhanged (o
neural ecies uita Pesitiedchargd
paina
eliOHCN)(H,0) lemaL)nebal
-oA)nebral speciss
idh i c specit
&N)(R,NH) ett..
duficieast (teJCH,0)-
CH(NH AIc
Neu-bncling erain
Owao fn making Elc wadnan9
-- . arailaletAal
Povide elcctvem o -ua a Stuate
a end.
dscept c's m
Ct0: CH NH,
Lui Aid.
e lui ase.

9 3 17:09
 ElectronDisnlaceanent FHfecan Covalesab Bonch:
Elecoic dinlacememti inevaletJerada occas
de te

elecbenegatiity under influencee dome eituide

attachin -
Taia lada_t wwsben st ehtecla which ase;
ij Tuductive ete
i Hutmenis uhsat..
iy Resemance Mesemenic cgitct
i dypasenjingatiu.
Imductive EPfct
K.Stinvelren C dectma. Te ele uhich_jon a
volent bnd one deldora dhaned eual
ha two atem bebuta

*Thi indodutes a
ond.
centaiis degaee pelazuty ia the

*. The T
elechoneaakiv atorn acoLuines o mallneq.cka9
( ) Te cletowmativ at acaunA a dmall
e . chanqe (6*)

. Cevsidsn C- bond nmon elicbouegatie,

Jrcana daAq ita uect to_cankoa.
C

Relativedhanges e
uvm ung e

Tudicated dinutien
hwo odten in uticda ele draun.
 Elkcthomesic fk
* Pelanity paducec in a ultipl landed
CeaAneund b e a t i ottacked y a
rEOqent uwhea a_deulda tiphbend
Lesdto a attackby an_elkcbahi
E"(a rcagnt) the hoe t_ elecbau t i c h |
om- I beud_ae Amunlettlyta aus
atem Lthen.
ET
A A -B

Positive a t E t t ele
o multiple bonad ae tmnsenedt
trthe
ota aidh reageut qpb attoch.
H

Negative _clechomeic fect E Mset); z ee-

ot mulliple bornd Netranfemd o.
kom Awnidh he agunt deeut attach

c CN
CN.

IRcsovauce elhcet i
k.A b,
otogan o
wndh camat
tnedte b Ame dbuctw
*, u Bem
C-C bonds
Boud Lenqte => \.S4A CC bondy
34A
 So cnerqiticall i d lansbutwusae rncseuteoa

CH-0:
CH -N,

M HypeCenqugation iaka NeBeudResenaice

hen he alk qntyaiattacked t an

JaMsatunated MyAten_duchAA=CH= CH 97eu-
th hcder e iaductire pat get xd

duadbucbnea aneasieo y shi/ig the

tAdkngele bm adfaceut C-H bessdto
eledekiciunt canlmu
n this say, peutiie haygeorigunal
- andrn i dispoed _p thc hyduoqu

uhanunt hhet urliela

takatiom o 6 ek t C-H bods ofaaky
dintctty attached to a n ateum auntalvvare
with shaned porbital
Apttn o anatb an

tnki qlacc.
CH3
CHH CH
CH3 CHa), H
C-H CH
H
,H

H H
orbital f C.
Empty 2p