Lighting Research2

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Ain Shams University

Faculty of Engineering
Spring Semester – 2020
SPRING SEMESTER - YEAR 2019/2020

AIN SHAMS UNIVERSITY COURSE CODE, COURSE NAME, SPRING
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING 2020
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Submission Contents
01: First Section Title
02: Second Section Title
03: Third Section Title
04: Fourth Section Title
05: Fifth Section Title
2
01
First Topic
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1.0. Introduction:
1.1. Light & Lighting Definitions:
 Light or Visible Light is electromagnetic radiation that is visible to the human eye, and is
responsible for the sense of sight
 It is the application of light to reach an intended aesthetic effect or functional use.
1.2. Lighting Terminologies:

 Luminous Flux: The amount of light energy radiated per second from a source of light.
It is measured in Lumen.
 Illuminance: The total luminous flux incident on a surface, per unit area. It is measured
in Lux or foot-candle.
 Luminous intensity: is a measure of how bright a light beam in a certain direction. It is
measure in candela.
 Luminance: Is a measure of the brightness of a source
of light. It is measured in candela/m2.
 Glare: It is a subjective phenomenon where the human

sensation of light within the field of view is brighter than
the eyes adaptation to brightness.
 Color Temperature: Color temperature is a representation of the warmth or coolness of

a light source.
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2.0. Daylighting:
2.1. Definition:
The interaction of natural light and building form to provide a visually stimulating, healthful,
and productive interior environment.
2.2. Importance of Daylighting:

• Access to view
• Health, Mood, Productivity
• Energy Conservation
• Better color rendering
2.3. Factors Affecting Daylighting:

• Geographic location
• Orientation
• Building form
• Openings
• Applied techniques on Openings
• external obstructions
2.4. Daylighting Techniques:

They are simple techniques that can be easily applied in every building through building form
and fenestrations design.
 1. Windows
 2. Saw tooth: It is a modular elements of glass panels

facing the north to allow daylight and prevent direct
sunlight.
 3. Skylights: Openings
cut through the roof of a
building and it has
different shapes
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 4.Clerestory: Windows that are strictly a narrow strip of windows high up on the wall
(above the eye level).
 They provide deeper penetration of daylight into the space but little view out due to their
position.
 5.Monitor: Openings similar to the saw-tooth

that has two opposing vertical glazed
elements raised above the roof.
 6.atriums.
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2.4. Shading Techniques Can be applied on Openings:

• Louvers
• Solar Screens
They are dark panels that fit in the openings of the terrace and deflect sunlight to reduce glare.
Their design allows you to see outside, but it obstructs the view into your living space.
• Blinds
They are window coverings, (fixed inside the space) composed of slats that falls down the blind
as it is lowered or can be pulled across a window to be stacked lengthwise or to the side. These
slats are formed together to create the complete blind and are usually controlled by a manual
pull cord.
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3.0. Artificial Lighting
3.1. Benefits of Artificial Lighting:

 Guarantee the safety of people in the interior/exterior of the buildings
 It helps in the creation of an appropriate visual environment
 Ease in the performance of workers of jobs that require high accuracy
 It can have important role in fastening the healing of patients in hospitals
3.2. Types of Artificial Lighting:
1.Icandescent Light Source:

 The use of tungsten filament to
convert electrical energy to light &
heat
 They are very inefficient as a lot of
energy is lost in heat
 Ex: Tungsten halogen lamps
2.Low Pressure Discharge Lamps: lamps that have working pressure much less than
atmospheric pressure.
 All low-pressure gas discharge lamps have in common the fact that they are long. Low-
pressure sodium lamps are highly efficient lamps with a good lifetime but no color
rendition
 Include: Fluorescent and Low Pressure Sodium lamps
2.High Pressure Discharge Lamps: lamps have a discharge

that takes place in gas
under slightly greater than atmospheric pressure.
 Produces light by means of an electric arc between tungsten
electrodes housed inside a translucent or transparent fused
quartz tube.
Used when:
1- High levels of light over large areas are required
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2-Energy efficiency or when light intensity is desired

Ex:
1- Xenon Arc Lamps
2- Sodium Vapor Lamps
3- Ultra High Performance
4. High-intensity Discharge (HID) Lamps
 Produces light by means of an electric arc

between tungsten electrodes housed inside a
translucent or transparent fused quartz tube.
 Many modern vehicles use HID bulbs for the
main lighting systems
5.Light Emitting Diodes (LED):
 Classified as a different category due to them varying

concept of light production with no other similar light
source to categorize with as a separate family.
 They are illuminated by the movement of electrons in a
semiconductor material.
 LED lifespan surpasses the short life of an
incandescent bulb by thousands of hours.
 Uses: used in false ceiling as stripes, Exterior Lighting

fixtures, Electronic Devices
4.0. Luminaire Typologies:

4.1. Ceiling Related:
Supplier Company Name: Buck Lighting
Website: https://buck.lighting/
1. Recessed
Ex1: Slim Line TLS
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Product Description:
A/B/H(mm): 565/46/70
Weight(Kg): 1.1-2.9
Flux (lm): 628-3029
Total Power (W): 6-31
Color Temp.(K): 4000
Service Life (h): 60000
Used for general spaces
Ex2: MEKO CDP:

A/B/H(mm): 595/595/80
Weight(Kg): 1.1
Flux (lm): 3909
Total Power (W): 42
1-Used in modular suspended ceiling,
exposed suspension system
2-Used in Clinics & Operation rooms in
hospitals
2.Mounted
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Ex1: Ring CDP

Diameter/height (mm):390/55
Weight (Kg): 3.5
Flux (lm): 1644
Total Power (W): 18
Has Particular aesthetic effect, can be used in office spaces
Ex2: AIRO M /C:
A/B/H(mm): 125/106/160
Weight(Kg): 1
Flux(lm): 2051
Total Power(W): 16
Service Life(h): 50000
Used in museum, Galleries, retail spaces
3.Pendant
Ex1: Ring DO/S/840
Diameter/height
(mm):390/55
Weight (Kg): 3.2
Flux (lm): 1941
Total Power (W): 18
11
Used to add aesthetic effect for certain scene or set of

furniture
Ex2: DUAL S MD:

A/B/H(mm): 1406/60/110
Weight(Kg): 2.8-7
Flux(lm): 4787-13345
Total Power(W): 36-94
Used for direct & indirect high quality

Illumination for office spaces
4.2. Wall Related:

1.Mounted:
Ex1: VESPA IP54
A/B/H(mm): 1406/60/110
Weight(Kg): 1.2-2.7
Flux(lm): 1210-2421
Total Power(W): 12.5-25
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Used in humid spaces as Toilets
Ex2: STRIP
A/B/H(mm): 950/120/48
Weight(Kg): 1.8-3
Flux(lm): 3198-6396
Total Power(W): 32-64
5.0 Calculation of Luminous Flux &

illuminance:
>>To calculate the lighting of an area:
1. Measure the dimensions of the surface of

interest.
2. Compute the area of the surface.
3. Calculate the lumens required using the formula
“Lumens= Lux × Area(m2)”
>>For example: How many lumens do I need to light a studio 4 meter by 5-meter studio?
1. Compute the area of the room: Area= 4 x 5= 20m2
2. Choose the right amount of Lux you need (From The Table). For a studio, the
recommended value is 323 lux.
3. Find the result using the formula: Lumens= Lux x Area = 323 x 20 = 6460 lm
If you plan to use lightbulbs with an intensity of 1600, you'll need five of them
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Illuminance Activity Area
(Lux)
100 Casual Seating Corridors, Changing Rooms, Stores
150 Some Perception of Switch Rooms , Plant Rooms

detail
200 Continuously occupied Foyers, Entrance hall , dining rooms
300 Visual Tasks Libraries, sports hall, Lecture theatre.

moderately easy
500 Visual Tasks General Offices, Kitchens, Laboratories

moderately Difficult
750 Visual Tasks difficult Drawing Offices, Meat inspection, chain stores
1000 Visual Tasks Very Supermarkets, electronic assembly, paintwork

difficult
1500 Visual Tasks Extremely Fine Work & Inspection, Precision assembly
Difficult
2000 Visual Tasks Assembly of minute items, finished fabric

exceptionally difficult assembly
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6.0. Prices of Lighting Fixtures:

All Prices are from Enarat.com
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7.0. References:
1. https://www.omnicalculator.com/everyday-life/lighting
2. “Code for Lighting”, Butterworth-Heinemann, An imprint of Elsevier Science, Oxford,
2002
3. “The IESNA Lighting Handbook: Reference and Application”, 9th Edition,
4. https://buck.lighting/
5. https://enarat.com/en/
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RESEARCH & PROJECT

Ain Shams University

SPRING SEMESTER - YEAR 2019/2020

Student Personal Information

Student Name: Fill in

Signature/Student Fill in Date: Fill in

1.2. Lighting Terminologies:

 Glare: It is a subjective phenomenon where the human

 Color Temperature: Color temperature is a representation of the warmth or coolness of

2.2. Importance of Daylighting:

2.3. Factors Affecting Daylighting:

2.4. Daylighting Techniques:

 2. Saw tooth: It is a modular elements of glass panels

 5.Monitor: Openings similar to the saw-tooth

2.4. Shading Techniques Can be applied on Openings:

3.0. Artificial Lighting

3.1. Benefits of Artificial Lighting:

3.2. Types of Artificial Lighting:

1.Icandescent Light Source:

2.High Pressure Discharge Lamps: lamps have a discharge

2-Energy efficiency or when light intensity is desired

4. High-intensity Discharge (HID) Lamps

 Produces light by means of an electric arc

5.Light Emitting Diodes (LED):

 Classified as a different category due to them varying

 Uses: used in false ceiling as stripes, Exterior Lighting

4.0. Luminaire Typologies:

Ex2: MEKO CDP:

Ex1: Ring CDP

Used to add aesthetic effect for certain scene or set of

Ex2: DUAL S MD:

Used for direct & indirect high quality

4.2. Wall Related:

Service Life(h): 60000

5.0 Calculation of Luminous Flux &

1. Measure the dimensions of the surface of

1. Compute the area of the room: Area= 4 x 5= 20m2

Illuminance Activity Area

100 Casual Seating Corridors, Changing Rooms, Stores

150 Some Perception of Switch Rooms , Plant Rooms

200 Continuously occupied Foyers, Entrance hall , dining rooms

300 Visual Tasks Libraries, sports hall, Lecture theatre.

500 Visual Tasks General Offices, Kitchens, Laboratories

1000 Visual Tasks Very Supermarkets, electronic assembly, paintwork

2000 Visual Tasks Assembly of minute items, finished fabric

6.0. Prices of Lighting Fixtures:

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