Contents

Verb to be
Unit 1 Jobs Grammar Structures (affirmative, negative and interrogative)
Vocabulary: Jobs
Demonstrative pronouns
These / Those. Plural Nouns
Unit 2 At the shop
Whose?
Possessive Pronouns and Possessive with apostrophe
Abilities
Unit 3 Can you do it?
Can / can’t
Present Simple Tense
Unit 4 24 hours Likes and dislikes
Habits and routines / Adverbs of Frequency
Present Continuous
Unit 5 Festivals Actions Now
Present Progressive vs. Present Simple.
Existence (describing rooms)
There is / There are
Unit 6 Places
Prepositions of Place
Vocabulary
Food (countable and uncountable nouns)
Quantities and quantifiers
Unit 7 Food
Containers
Food Vocabulary

Unit 8 Changes Verb to be in Past

Past Simple Tense

Unit 9 New in town Regular and Irregular verbs
Grammar Structures / Time Expressions
Making comparisons
Comparative and Superlative Adjectives
Unit 10 The news
Talk about preferences
like / love / hate / prefer
Connecting the Talk about plans and intentions
Unit 11 World be going to
Present Perfect Simple
Did you really do Experiences (ever, never, before)
Unit 12 that? Present Perfect Simple
Just, yet, already
Habits in the past
Unit 13 Growing old
Used to
Future actions
Unit 14 Places
Will / may / might

Vocabulary Notes
 Introduction to English 5. Classroom instructions. Match the words with
the pictures.

Do you know…? Ask and answer

Complete Match
Listen
Read
Repeat Write
Look at page…

1. Do you know the alphabet?

a b c d e f g h i j
k l m n o p q r s
t u v w x y z
6. Classroom questions. Look at the information
2. Write five consonants and three vowels, then
in the box, and complete the questions. Then
read your list to your partner and write your
listen and check.
partner’s list.
Consonants: ____________________
Questions in Class
Vowels: ____________________
How do you ______ coche in English?
How do you _______ that?
3. Do you know the numbers? Match the What does grandmother ______?
numbers with the words. Listen, check and I don’t understand. Can you ________ that?
repeat.

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 7. Practice with a partner. Ask and answer

questions about the photos.
five nine oh/zero one eight four
three seven two six ten A: How do you say café in English?
B: Coffee
A: How do you spell that?
4. Complete the list with numbers from
the box. Listen, check and repeat.

eighty Fifty fourteen nineteen seventeen

ninety seventy sixteen thirty twenty-two

11 eleven 21 twenty-one
12 twelve 22 _________
13 thirteen 30 _________

14 ______ 40 forty
15 fifteen 50 _________
16 ______ 60 sixty
17 ______ 70 _________
18 eighteen 80 _________
19 ______ 90 _________
20 twenty 100 a hundred

2
Jobs 1

UNIT
 A B
Reading
1. Read the texts and answer the questions.

Hi! My name is Sarah and I live

in Michigan. I am a third-grade
teacher and I love to teach and
to spend time with children. I
teach from 8:00 am until 2:00
pm Monday through Friday and coach softball after G H
school and on the weekend. I’m always busy but
that’s the way I like it!

Hey! My name is Mark and

I’m a chef. I work in a
restaurant and cook in the
kitchen all afternoon and
night. My specialty is
Lasagna Bolognese. I love food!

Hello! I’m Rick and I’m a L

policeman in New York City. When
I’m on duty, I drive around the city
in my patrol car, respond to 911
calls, and arrest criminals. At the
end of my shift, I go back to the
police station and write a report.

Check your comprehension

1. Where is Sarah from? 3. Read and complete the sentences with a
2. What is Sarah’s occupation? word from the previous exercise. Then
match the number with a picture.
3. What’s Mark’s occupation?
4. What is Rick’s occupation? 1) He makes movies and TV shows, he’s
______________________.
What do you do for a living? 2) She cares people’s teeth; she’s
Vocabulary Jobs ______________________.
2. Match the jobs with the photos. 3) He produces fruit, vegetables and grains, he’s
______________________.
an actor an engineer
4) ______________________ works with legal
an architect a lawyer systems.
a chef a sea captain 5) He works with computers and software, he is
a dentist a shop assistant ______________________.
a farmer a TV producer 6) ______________________, diagnoses and
a doctor a computer programmer treats human disease, injuries and pain.

4
 C D E F

V I K
J

Grammar a / an 6. Read the text and answer the question.

4. Look at the jobs in exercise 2. Complete the
grammar reference with a or an.
 We use _____ before vowel sounds (a, e, etc.)
He´s _____ actor.
Carl’s father is _____ engineer.
 We use _____ before consonants sounds ( b, w,
etc.)
I’m _____ doctor.
My nephew is _____ lawyer.
How many people in Carl´s family work?
_________________________________________
“My name is Carl Miller. I’m a doctor. I’m not a
hospital doctor – I work with two more doctors in
one office. My wife is Nancy, she’s an architect but
she isn’t happy with her job now – she thinks it is
boring. Our two sons are Kenneth and Anthony,
they´re both computer programmers, they aren’t at
work now; they´re unemployed. My father is a
dentist; he is 65 years old but he isn’t retired. My
mother is 62 years old, she isn’t at work because
she’s retired but she’s a shop assistant one day a
week in a bookshop."

5. Write a or an.
7. Read about Carl in exercise 6 again and
complete the sentences.
1) _____ student
2) _____ family  I __________ a hospital doctor.
3) _____ teacher  My father __________retired.
4) _____ uncle  My mother __________ at work because
she __________ retired.
5) _____ aunt
 Nancy __________an architect.
6) _____ iPod  Kenneth and Anthony __________
7) _____ backpack computer programmers, they __________at
8) _____ cousin work now.

5
 a) My brother _____ in work at the moment.
Grammar reference – Verb to be b) Helen _____ an assistant, she’s the
director!
We use the verb to be to talk about name, age, c) My cousins are twenty but they _____ at
nationalities, professions, location, personality work.
and description. d) Uncle Bob is old but he _____ retired.
Jenny is my friend. e) You _____ a teacher here. Are you a
She is 35. student?
She’s Canadian.
She’s a doctor.
to be Interrogative
Jenny is at the hospital.
Her hair is dark and her eyes are green.
He He
_____ She American? Yes, She _____.
to be Positive It It

8. Complete with is or are. We We

_____ You American? No, You _____.
I am (I’m) They They

You are (You’re) We are (We’re)

Other question forms
He _____ (He’s) You are (You’re)
She _____ (She’s) They _____ (They’re) How old Am I?
It _____ (It’s) Where Is He/she/it?
Who are We/you/they?
9. Complete the sentences. Use contractions.
Speaking
Example: I am from Mexico. I’m Mexican.
12. Guess other students’ jobs.
a. Gabriel Garcia Marquez ____ Colombian.
____ from Colombia. A: Are you a taxi driver?
b. Excuse me, who ____ he? B: No, I’m not a taxi driver.
c. He ____ Bill Gates. He’ ____ American.
A: Are you a …?
d. It ____ a car, I think it’____ Italian.
B: Yes, I am …
e. Penelope Cruz ___ Spanish, she’___ from
Spain. No, I am not a …

13. Ask and answer questions about your

to be Negative partner’s family or friends.

10. Complete with the correct negative form.

best friend brother father
I _____ not. We aren’t. mother sister uncle
He _____ You _____
She _____ They _____ A: Is your father a director?
It _____ not. B: No, he isn’t
A: What’s your father’s job?
11. Complete the sentences with the correct
A: He’s an engineer.
negative form of the verb to be.

6
Good Job
What do they do?
14. Write the correct description in each column.

accountants gardeners police officers nurses architects

Work in
Help people Build houses Work with numbers Work in gardens
constructions
Work in a station Work with flowers Prevent crime Work in a hospital Work with finances

15. Look at the picture. Choose the correct job and writhe a short description.

dancers athletes programmers musicians

16. Complete the text with a/an or write an ‘x’ if the article is not needed.

Choosing __________ career is __________ difficult decision. __________ computer programmers and
__________ graphic designers are in fashion now.
Your __________ can change your life. Concentrate and make __________ effort to decide what to study.
Think about __________ it carefully.

7
 Present simple: be

17. Complete the chart with these words.

am is is are are

I American.
You are Russian.
He Pierre.
She Katya.
We English.
They Emily and Adam.

18. Now make the sentences negative. 19. Now make questions.

I’m not American. Am I American?

20. Circle the correct words.

1 What am / is your name? 6 Her name am / is Teresa.

2 Hi! I am / is Jake. 7 Is / Are she Spanish?

3 Is / Are you English? 8 Yes, she is / are.

4 No, I’m not / I isn’t. 9 Is / Are they students?

5 What am / is her name? 10 Yes, they is / are

21. Complete these sentences with the correct form of be. Then match 1–5 with a–e.

1. What _______________ your a. He’s my friend. His name

name? _______________ Pierre.
2. Where _______________ they
b. I _______________fifteen years old.
from?
3. _______________ you a c. They _______________ from
teacher? Switzerland.
4. How old _______________
d. My name _______________ Katya.
you?
e. No, I _______________ not. I
5. Who _______________ he?
_______________ a student.

8
At the shop 2

UNIT
 At the department store
1. Read and answer the questions.
Jerry and Karen are at the department store.

Jerry: Jerry: Wow, this store is very nice!
Now, where are the suits?
Karen: Look! These suits are nice.
Jerry: Hmm … they are small!
Karen: Well, let’s ask that woman. Excuse
me, are these clothes for men?
Employee 1: No, I am sorry. These clothes are for
children. The clothes for men are in
that department.
Karen: Thank you.
Excuse me, are those suits for men?
Employee 2: Yes, they are.
Jerry:
Oh, good! Can you show me a blue
suit, please?
Employee 2: Certainly, this one is very popular.
Jerry: Well, it is nice, but it is light blue.
Can you show me a dark blue suit,
please?
Employee 2: Let’s see … this one is dark blue.
Jerry: That suit is perfect! Now, where are
your gloves?
Employee 2: They are here. These gloves are
very nice, and they’re very popular.
Jerry: Hmm … they’re not very
comfortable. What about those
gloves?
Employee 2: Those are also nice, and they are
not very expensive.
Jerry: Yes, these gloves are very
comfortable. Thank you very much.
Employee: You’re welcome.

Check your understanding

1. What color is the suit? 3. Describe the popular gloves.

2. What color is the popular suit? 4. Are the gloves expensive?

Grammar – Noun Plurals Match the vocabulary with the numbers from the picture.

bags

shoes

books

cameras
5
diaries
2
DVD players
3
MP3 players 7 1
8
watches

laptops 9

mobile phones
6 11
scarves 4
10

10
 2. Look at the plural of the nouns in the previous exercise, and complete the rules in the Grammar.

Grammar reference
We add –s to most nouns to make them plural.

We add _____ when the noun ends in -ch, -s, -sh, or -x, example watch __________

We add _____ when the noun ends in –y (but take away the –y) example diary __________

When the noun ends in _____, we change it to –v in the plural, example scarf __________

Irregular Plurals
Person People Child Man Woman

Vocabulary Color and Opinion

3. Circle the eight colors. Then use a color to describe an object from the picture on page 10.

Example: The DVD player The DVD players are black

bad big black blue brown good

green gray horrible modern nice old
old-fashioned pretty red small ugly useful
useless white yellow young

4. Now put the other adjectives into pairs of opposites.

Example: bad – good

Grammar this, that, these, those

We use this, that, these and those to identify objects that are at the distance.

11
 WHAT’S THE RULE?
Demonstratives: this / these OR that / those?

I like these jeans but I don’t like those. This jacket is nice, but I don’t like that shirt.

Sam wants to buy a motorbike. He’s with his friend Tom.

1. Is Sam talking about

one motorbike or
two?
2. Is the Honda near
him?
3. Is the Suzuki further
away?

1. Is Sam talking about

one or two Ducatis?
2. Are the Ducatis near
the boys?
3. re the Kawasakis
also near them?
4. Do we use this, that,
these, those only
with things?

1. Can we use this,

that, these and
those on their own,
without a noun?

5. Complete the dialogue in a clothes shop, using this / these / that or those.

CAROLINE: I like _____this_____ black top.

ASSISTANT: Yes, __________ style looks good on you.

CAROLINE: Can I try on __________ black trousers over there?

Yes, __________ will go well with __________ black top.

ASSISTANT:
__________ boots would go well with __________ trousers.
Yes, you’re right, and I like __________ color. What size
CAROLINE:
are __________?

ASSISTANT: Err, __________ are 41.

12
Can you do it? 3

UNIT
 Can you do it?
Talk about abilities

Vocabulary Sports and games

1. Match the words with the pictures.

windsurfing yoga tennis

rowing judo chess
skiing running
aerobics basketball

A B
LIVE THE DREAM!
Rebecca Romero is 29. She’s British but her
father is Spanish. She has a degree in sports
science and English. And she is the second
C woman in history with two Olympic medals in
two different sports, and the only British woman!
D
Rebecca has an Olympic silver medal in rowing
from the Olympic Games in Athens, but silver
isn’t enough for her. She can’t row now because
of a back problem, but she can cycle really fast.
F
Her Olympic gold medal is in cycling, from the
E
Olympic Games in Beijing, but Rebecca says
she can’t remember the medal ceremony at all!
Now Rebecca wants to win another Olympic
medal, maybe in a different sport. She can’t run
or play sports like tennis but perhaps skiing or
G H
windsurfing are possible. Can Rebecca do it?
Can she live her dream?

Reading
3. Look at the photos. What sports can you
I J see?
4. Read the introduction to the text and
complete the table.
2. Work with a partner, ask and answer
questions. Follow the example. Name

A: Do you do yoga? Age

B: Yes, I do. Nationality
A: When?
Qualifications

14
2
 Grammar
I
You
Positive He
She ______ swim
It
We
They
I
You
Negative He
She ______ swim
It
We
5. Read the second part of the text about Rebecca They
and choose the correct words in Italics to I
complete the sentences. You
Interrogative He
a) Her silver medal is form Beijing / Athens. ________ She swim?
It
b) Her silver medal is in rowing / cycling. We
c) She doesn’t row now because she doesn’t They

like it / has a bad back. Yes, I/you/he/she/it/we/they ________

d) Rebecca remembers / doesn’t remember swim.

the medal ceremony in Beijing. No, I/you/he/she/it/we/they ________

e) She wants to win a medal in a different swim.

sport, for example skiing / tennis.

8. Which activities can you do? which activities
can’t you do? Tick and cross X
Grammar can / can’t Find out about your partner. Ask and
answer questions about the next activities.
6. Tick the things Rebecca can do. Cross X
the things she can’t do.

row run Activity You Your partner

cycle fast play tennis
Play the guitar
Play the piano
Sing
7. Complete the questions and answers with
can or can’t. Then complete the Grammar Dance
and answer the questions. Play soccer
Play tennis
 What ________ Rebecca do? She Ski
________ cycle fast. Speak French
Speak Spanish
 ________ she play tennis? No, she Ride a bike
________. Drive a car

15
 Intelligence and Ability
9. Complete the sentences with can or can’t.

1. Dogs _________________ hear a wider range of frequencies than humans.

2. Birds _________________ swim.

3. Cats _________________ see better in the dark than humans.

4. Cheetahs _________________ run very fast.

5. A new born baby _________________ survive without an adult.

6. Humans _________________ see in color.

7. Teenagers _________________ memorize more than ten different songs.

10. Look at the pictures and write sentences with can or can’t.

William Danny Jason Sam Olivia and Sid

1. Sam _________________________________________________________________

2. Danny _________________________________________________________________

3. William _________________________________________________________________

4. Jason _________________________________________________________________

5. Olivia and Sid _______________________________________________________________________

11. Look up these words in your dictionary.

Ice-skate ______________ Scuba-dive ______________ Bake ______________

Train ______________ Sense ______________ Sail ______________

12. Write sentences about what you can and can´t do. Use the verbs in exercise 11.

1. _______________________________________________________________________________________

2. _______________________________________________________________________________________

3. _______________________________________________________________________________________

4. _______________________________________________________________________________________

16
24 hours 4

UNIT
 1. Work with a partner and discuss the next 3. Look at the verb phrases from exercise 2
questions. again.

a) What is your favorite time of the day? Why?

b) What’s your favorite day of the week? Why?
c) Which time of the day do you dislike? Why?
d) Which day of the week do you dislike? Why?
Vocabulary everyday activities
 Write D next to the things you do every day.
 Write W next to the things you only do on
weekends.
 Write S next to the things you sometimes do.
 Write N next to the things you never do.

2. Make verb phrases with the words from the 4. Work with a partner and talk about the next
boxes A and B. Which phrases can you see questions.
in the photos? Which phrases are not in the
photos? a. What do you do every day?
A b. What do you do on weekends?
chat have (x4) meet c. What things do you sometimes do?
check listen read d. What things do you never do?
do (x2) make stay
get up go (x4) take
Reading
watch meet 5. Match the photos on the next page, A – D
with the descriptions 1 – 4.
B
1) You are a “party animal”. You like going
a magazine/newspaper to bed late
out late and dancing. You like spending
a nap breakfast/lunch/dinner your free time with friends.
nothing a bus/train
on the phone early 2) You are a “workaholic”. You spend most of
your time working, and you aren’t interested
to the radio your emails
in other things. You don’t go out much.
shopping in for the evening
for a swim some exercise 3) You are a “couch potato”. You like staying
a take-away a family meal at home and eating junk food. You spend a
lot of time watching television.
TV/a DVD some friends
for a walk a lie-in 4) You are a “culture vulture”. You like
reading and learning new things. You spend
Example: Meet some friends your free time at museums and galleries.

18
 A B C D

6. Read the text and complete the sentences with David, Maria or Anthony.

likes having a lot to eat for

likes relaxing in the park.
breakfast.
doesn’t usually have breakfast
spends a lot of time at work.
at home on Saturdays.
likes checking his emails during likes going for a walk on
breakfast. Sundays.

likes art and music. likes watching TV on Sundays

At the weekend.
I don’t like getting up early at the weekends, so I usually have a lie-in – sometimes
until about 10:30 am! I absolutely love having a big breakfast on Saturdays. I don’t
have many hobbies and I really hate the gym or doing exercise, but I sometimes go
to the park in the afternoon. There are some nice parks in Manchester and I like
meeting friends and just lying on the grass and doing nothing. I’m not very keen on
going out on Sundays evenings. Sometimes I got to the cinema – but I stay in most
of the times, watch a DVD and have a take-away pizza. Sundays are similar to
Saturdays for me – I like relaxing, getting up late and watching TV a lot.

David Rogers, Manchester, UK

I can´t stand doing nothing, so I get up early on Saturdays. I like having breakfast in
a café, so I take a bus into town at about 9:00 am. I’m quite keen on art, so after
breakfast I often go to an exhibition with some friends. I do different things on
Saturday evenings. I don’t like staying out late or going clubbing, but I love going to
a concert or to the theater. Actually, my favorite evening is going to a musical with
friends. On Sundays, I go for a walk. Sometimes, I go on guided walk around a
different part of my city. I like learning about the history of my city – it is a really
interesting city.

Maria Gutierrez, Barcelona, Spain

19
 I like getting up early on Saturdays – usually at about 7:00 am. I have coffee and toast for
breakfast, and, at the same time I turn on my computer. I like checking my emails regularly
because I get so many of them. I have a very busy job, so I sometimes go to work on
Sundays. The office is quiet and I quite like working on my own. On Sundays, I like going
ice skating and I sometimes go bowling with some friends in the new place not far from the
center. But I do some work in the afternoons, too. My job is really interesting, so I don’t
mind working a lot. My girlfriend says I work all the time – but I prefer working than doing
nothing.

Anthony Stevens, New York, US

Grammar reference – Likes and dislikes

7. Complete the Grammar, and check your answers with text from exercise 6.

Grammar reference

1. I absolutely love having a big breakfast on Saturdays. 8. Write complete sentences using
the prompts. Don’t forget to change the
2. I __________ having breakfast in a café. verb if necessary.
3. I quite like working on my own.
a) Musicals
4. I __________ art b) My job
5. I __________ working a lot. c) Guided tours

6. I __________ going out on Saturday evenings. d) Go ice skating

e) Do nothing
7. I don’t like getting up early at the weekends.
f) Coffee
8. I __________ the gym.
g) Chat on the phone in English
9. I can’t stand doing nothing. h) Go clubbing

Speaking – Work in pairs and follow the instructions.

STUDENT A ask your partner the questions below, make notes of his answers. Then answer your partner
questions.

How do you like spending your free time?

a) What are your main hobbies or interests?
b) Do you like musicals? Why/Why not?
c) What three things do you like doing in your birthday? Why?
d) What three kinds of sports or exercise do you like? Why?
e) What three things do you like doing with your family? Why?

20
STUDENT B answer your partner’s questions. Then ask your partner the questions below. Make notes of his
answers.

How do you like spending your free time?

a) What are your main hobbies or interests?
b) Do you like guided walks or tours? Why/Why not?
c) What three things do you like doing on your summer holiday? Why?
d) What three kinds of sport or exercise do you like? Why?
e) What three things do you like doing with your friends? Why?

9. Find six of the activities from the box in the photos.

Cook Play the guitar (or another instrument) Play games online
Go for a walk Surf the internet Sunbathe
Go shopping Play football (or another sport) Swim
Go to a concert Listen to music Watch TV or a DVD
Go to the gym Read a book or magazine Text friends
Meet friends

10. Answer the questions about the activities

from the box.
a) Which activities do you usually do with other
people?
b) Which activities do people do outside their A
house?
c) Which activities do people do inside their
house?
d) Which of these activities do you do?

11. Where do you do the activities in exercise

9? Complete the table, and write two more
activities.

At home
B

In the park

At the shops

At the
club/nightclub C
At a sports
center

21
 12. Work with a partner, ask and answer questions. Then
report to the class.
 What do you do in your free time?
 Where do you do it?
 When do you do it?
13. Read about Megan’s habits, and complete the sentences
with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.

Megan has a busy life. She __________ (go) to high school

from Monday to Friday. On Mondays and Wednesdays, she
always __________ (swim) for an hour in the afternoon. She
usually __________ (visit) her grandmother on Tuesdays. She
__________ normally __________ (not/see) her friends on
Thursdays, because on that day she plays tennis with her
cousin Tina. On Fridays, she normally __________ (have)
lunch with her friends. They always __________ (plan) their
weekend over lunch. She usually __________ (go) out late on
weekends at night.

Grammar Adverbs of Frequency

14. Complete the sentences with the verbs from the Goes x3 has is leaves take takes
box.

1) Amber ________ often at her desk at lunchtime – she doesn’t always ________ a lunch break.
2) Mike always ________ his desk. He usually ________ for a walk.
3) Aline often ________ the bus to town. She never ________ to the gym.
4) Matt sometimes ________ for a walk and occasionally ________ lunch in a café.

15. Complete the diagram in the Grammar reference with never, sometimes and usually. Then choose
the correct answers.

Grammar reference – Adverbs of Frequency

Always _______________ often _______________ occasionally _______________

100% 0%

We put adverbs of frequency before / after the verb to be.

We put adverbs of frequency before / after other verbs.

22
 16. Put the words in the correct order to make
sentences. Follow the example.
Example:
sends emails sometimes Isabel to her
friends
and on Friday I always go for a long lunch with
friends. I don’t do a lot at the weekend – maybe go
to the cinema on Saturday, then on Sunday I just
relax and watch soccer on TV.

Isabel sometimes sends emails to her friends.

1) often We go to concerts

2) cooks occasionally Lara Chinese food

3) in the evening football usually Jason plays

4) in bed My parents read never

5) always I go shopping at the weekend

6) goes to the gym in the morning sometimes Dan

Vocabulary Activities
17. What about you? Change the sentences so (go, have, do, read)
they are true for you.
We use the verb go with a lot of different activities.
Reading Write activities from the lesson.

18. Read the text about Shane and make Go to Go for Go

sentences with the words of what he does in
his lunch break. • • •
• • •
Use the •
Work Leave the office Go on
computer
Sleep Go shopping Listen to music • •
• •
In my lunch break
19. Make more word forms with have, do and
You know, I hear that some people sleep in their
read.
lunch break. Sleep in your lunch break – why?
Writing
During the week, I work for a magazine company –
it’s great fun and very busy, but I always take an 20. Make sentences about Karl, use adverbs of
frequency or a negative. Follow the
hour for lunch, sometimes two (then I work until examples:
7:00!). It is important to get out of the office. I  Live in a nice house (not)
always go on the internet and go on Facebook for a Karl doesn’t live in a nice house.
few minutes, then I go out. On Monday I always go  Sleep in the park (usually)
Karl usually sleeps in the park.
running or go for a walk, on Tuesday I usually do
my homework (because I go to an evening class on 1) Have a job (not)
Tuesdays evenings). On Wednesdays I often go 2) Have and address (not)
shopping – some friends usually visit me on 3) Go to work in the morning (never)
Wednesday evening so I get some food for 4) Eat in restaurants (never)
barbecue. I sometimes go to a concert on Thursday 5) Have lunch in a café (occasionally)

23
  carry – carries
Grammar Reference – Present  worry – worries
Simple Tense
NOTE: For verbs that end in a vowel + Y, we just
We use the Simple Present to talk about General add -S.
Information.
 play – plays
Emma lives in New York.  enjoy – enjoys
She has a big family.  say – says
It snows in New York in winter.
In the Negative form, we use the auxiliaries don’t
We also use the Simple Present to talk about (do not) and doesn’t (does not) + Verb in Simple
Habits and Routines. Form

Emma works from Monday to Friday. I He

She plays volleyball on Sundays. You don’t doesn’t
She
We do not does not
She studies French at night. They It

Verb Conjugation & Spelling

You don't speak Arabic.
We form the present tense using the simple form of John doesn't speak Italian.
the infinitive (without the TO). We don't have time for a rest.
It doesn't move.
Subject Verb Complement
We use the auxiliaries do or does to ask
I / you / we /
speak / learn English at home questions, the form of the verb after the auxiliary
they
is Simple Form.
speaks /
he / she / it English at home
learns
Do you need a dictionary?
Does Mary need a dictionary?
Third person verb spelling differs depending on the
Do we have a meeting now?
ending of that verb:
Does it rain a lot in winter?
Do they want to go to the party?
1. For verbs that end in -O, -CH, -SH, -SS, -X, or -
Z we add -ES in the third person.
Short Answers with Do and Does
 go – goes
 catch – catches
Short Short
 wash – washes Sample
Answer Answer
 kiss – kisses Questions
 fix – fixes
(Affirmative) (Negative)
 buzz – buzzes Do you like chocolate? Yes, I do. No, I don't.
Do I need a pencil? Yes, you do. No, you don't.
2. For verbs that end in a consonant + Y, we Do you both like
remove the Y and add -IES. Yes, we do. No, we don't.
chocolate?
Do they like chocolate? Yes, they do. No, they don't.
 marry – marries
 study – studies Does he like chocolate? Yes, he does. No, he doesn't.

24
Festivals 5

UNIT
 2. The Mariachi is a symbol of
The International Mariachi Mexican Culture.
________

Festival of Guadalajara 3. The festival takes place at

different places in Mexico.
________
4. Mariachis only perform at
________
churches during the festival.
There are those that say the very spirit of Mexico's 5. Most Mariachis come from North
rich culture runs hot in the veins of her Mariachis, America for the Mariachi ________
those musical icons that serenade the boulevards, Competition.
public squares and sidewalks of a nation with a 6. This music is also popular in
________
brand and style of music that is both unique and different countries.
legendary.
Speaking
Like the bullfighter, the Mariachi is a symbol of Look at the photos
nationalism and culture in Mexico, and there is great
national pride in preserving the image of these
 Where do you think these festivals take place?
singing heroes.
 There are two pictures for the same festival.
And there is no better place on earth to experience Match the pairs.
the sounds and colors of the Mariachi tradition than
at the International Mariachi Festival of
Guadalajara, staged every September, the largest A
celebration of Mariachi music in the world. The
sights and sounds are simply unforgettable.

The ten-day gala event features Catholic masses

where Mariachis perform in the churches and
cathedrals, numerous parades with hundreds of
Mariachi floats and folk ballet artists are staged,
rodeos are held, art exhibits are offered up on
every corner, and most importantly, the world's
largest Mariachi competition is staged at the
beautiful Benito Juarez Theatre. Some 500
Mariachis in all perform at various concert halls and
street markets throughout the city, coming from as
far away as North and South America, Cuba,
Spain, and even Croatia, demonstrating the
popularity and passion of Mariachi music. Festival-
goers can view a display of Mariachi-inspired art at B
the Regional Museum and take in the activities at
the downtown headquarters, the Cabanas Cultural
Institute, site of numerous workshops and featuring
a marketplace for hand-crafted items designed for
discerning Mariachi musicians and their cultural
cousins, the "charros," or cowboys of western
Mexico.

Check your understanding.

1. Read the sentences and decide if they are
True or they are False.

26
 C
2. Read the reports and match the reporters
with the photos.

Laura
Frank
Jeanette

Jean: Hello, everyone! It is festival time here in the

UK and today we are bringing you some
pictures and information about late summer
festivals around the world. Let’s start in the
US. Our reporter Laura is at the Boston
D Carnival right now. How’s it going Laura?
Laura: Hi, Jean! It is great. It’s really hot. I’m having
a good time – everyone is having a good
time.
Jean: What’s happening right now?
Laura: Well, I’m standing in the street and I’m
watching some fantastic dancers. They are
moving slowly towards me. They’re wearing
colorful costumes and they are dancing
really well.
Jean: Sounds good.
Laura: Yes, and I am with Karen, who makes food
for all the partygoers here. Karen, what are
you doing?
Karen: Well, I am cooking some lovely Caribbean
chicken curry.
E Laura:
Jane:
It smells wonderful.
Thank you Laura. Now, Boston isn’t the only
place having a party at this time of the year.
Our reporter Frank is at the international
Mariachi Festival in Guadalajara, Mexico.
Frank, how’s it going over there?
Frank: Hi, Jean! It’s great here. I’m sitting in the
town square and I am listening to some
fantastic mariachi music. In this band
guitarists are all playing together. It’s lovely.
Jean: It sounds noisy there.
Frank: It is! The spectators aren’t just listening, they
are clapping and shouting and singing with
the music.
Jean: Thank you, Frank. And in Helsinki, Finland,
Jeanette is reporting on the Helsinki festival.
Jeanette: Hello, Jean. Well, it is quiet here – it is not
F like Mexico. This is an arts festival, so it is all
in cinemas, theaters and concert halls. Some
people are queuing behind me to go into a
theater. I have Milla here with me. Milla, what
are you queuing for today?
Milla: I’m not queuing for the theater – I’m with my
children – they are over there waiting to see
some funny movies, some old movies with
Charlie Chaplin.
Jeanette: That sound like fun! Thank you, Milla. Back
to you, Jean.

27
 3. Match the people with the activities.

1. Laura a. is cooking Caribbean food.

2. Karen b. is sitting in the town square.
3. Milla c. isn’t queuing for the theater.
4. The spectators d. are playing together.
5. The dancers e. is having a good time.
6. Frank f. are wearing colorful costumes.
7. Jeanette g. is reporting from Finland.
8. The guitarists h. aren´t just listening to the music.

Infinitive ING form

Grammar reference – Present to feel feeling
Continuous to go going
to work working
We use the Present Continuous to talk about
actions that are happening now, at the moment of to sleep sleeping
speaking.
She isn’t feeling very well.
I am looking for my sunglasses right now.
The spectators are clapping and singing. He is working on a new project.

Spelling exceptions
Affirmative
The following exceptions exist when spelling words
I am staying at home. ending in ING:
He is staying at home.
They are staying at home. 1). If the verb ends in an E we remove the E and
add ING.
Negative
Infinitive ING form
I am not staying at home. to live living
He isn’t staying at home. to have having
to make making
They aren’t staying at home.
to take taking

Interrogative We are making a chocolate cake.

am I staying at home? He was taking his time to get ready.

Yes, you are. / No, you aren’t.
2). If the verb ends in a consonant + vowel +
Is he staying at home? consonant, we double the final consonant and add
Yes, he is. / No, he isn’t. ING.

Infinitive ING form

Are they staying at home?
to stop stopping
Yes, they are. / No, they aren’t. to sit sitting
to plan planning
-ing Spelling to get getting
to swim swimming
The general rule when changing a verb into its -ING
form is just to add -ING to the end of the verb. The policeman is stopping the traffic.
I think I am getting a cold.

28
3). If the verb ends in IE we change it to YING.
Infinitive ING form
to lie lying
to die dying
to tie tying
I know you are lying to me!
The little boy is tying his shoelaces.
4. Write sentences with the prompts.
a. All the people / have a good time
___________________________________
b. She / not dance / now
___________________________________
c. They / wear / traditional costumes
___________________________________
d. We / read / an interesting book
___________________________________
e. I / wear / a coat
___________________________________
f. I / not study / any languages / at the
moment
___________________________________
g. We / not write / an exercise
___________________________________
h. What / you / do / at the moment?
___________________________________
Extreme weather.
6. Match the words with their definitions.
1 mild
2 heat
3 heat
4 power cuts
5 air conditioners
Many people say the climate is changing. It certainly
seems that there are more extremes of weather these
days. There are several examples of unusually hot and
cold conditions in Europe from the last few years.
Recently there was an extreme summer heat wave in
Greece. Temperatures in Athens reached 46° Celsius
and fifteen people died because of the heat. There
were power cuts because so many people turned on
their air conditioners. As a result, thousands of people
spent the evenings in complete darkness.
The south of Britain usually has a mild winter, but last
year it was extremely cold. It snowed in London and
the temperature remained below zero for several
weeks, so the snow didn’t melt. Because of the snow
and ice the buses and trains stopped, so a lot of
people didn’t get to work.
5. Answer the questions with information from
the text.
a. How hot was Athens recently?
b. Why was it dark in the evenings?
c. How long was the temperature below 0° C in
London?
d. Why didn’t some people get to work?
a. Change from solid to liquid.
b. When there is no electricity.
c. Machines that make the air cold.
d. A short period of very hot weather.
e. The noun from ‘hot’
29
 Grammar reference – Present Simple 8. Write what people usually do and what they
and Present Continuous. are doing today.

Example:
 We use the Present Simple to talk a. Peter – drive / sunbathe.
about:
Peter usually drives a bus. Today he’s
 Routines sunbathing.
 Habits, and
 Facts

We use adverbs and expressions of frequency with

the Present Simple.

We always have a pizza on Friday evenings.

It snows all through the winter in New York.
We always phone in the evening.

 We use the Present Continuous to

talk about actions happening now, at or
around the moment of speaking. b. Anna – wear skirt / wear jeans.

______________________________________
We use phrases like:
c. Jimmy – clean the house / play golf.
 At the moment.
 Right now. ______________________________________
 Now.
d. Mike – walk to work / drive his new car.
We’re having our pizza now, so we can’t
talk to you at the moment. ______________________________________

The subway isn’t working today.

9. In pairs, ask and answer questions about
The trains and buses aren’t running. the pictures from exercise 8.

7. Choose the correct form of the verbs in the Example:

sentences. A: Is Mike walking to work today?
B: No, he isn’t. He’s driving his new car.
1) We study/are studying a new tense in the
English class.
10. Read the next paragraph, and then use the
2) I always carry/am carrying my umbrella in prompt to write sentences using the Present
winter. Simple or the Present Continuous.

3) It rains/is raining at the moment.

4) We never take/are taking the bus to work
5) It is hot, so Kevin doesn’t wear/isn’t wearing
coat today.
Amelia is a computer programmer. She works
in a big formal office. She has one hour for
lunch. Today is her summer office excursion –
every year they their clients out for the day
and buy them a big lunch. Today they are at a
soccer match.

30
Example:
 use / computer
Amelia usually uses a computer.
 take / photos / soccer match
She is taking photos at the soccer
match today.
1) wear / formal business suit.
___________________________________
2) wear / jeans and a T-shirt.
___________________________________
3) talk / to people in the office.
___________________________________
4) talk / to clients at the lunch.
___________________________________
5) have / sandwich for lunch in the office.
___________________________________
6) have / a big meal in a restaurant.
3) How much time does she usually spend on
the sunbed?
___________________________________
4) What is Lois doing now?
___________________________________
5) How often does she go to the gym?
___________________________________
12. Complete the sentences about Frank. Use
the phrases from the box.
Frank lives in the city, and he work in a music store.
Every day …
eat a burger with friends sell CDs
play computer games take the bus to work
1. _____________________________________

___________________________________ 2. _____________________________________
3. _____________________________________
11. Read the dialogue and answer the 4. _____________________________________
questions.

Lois: Hello, what are you doing here? This week Frank is on holiday, and he is having a
Carmen: Hi! I’m waiting to go on the sunbed. I’m
lot of fun. He is …
trying to get a good suntan before we
go on a holiday.
Lois: Really? It isn’t healthy to have a suntan, swim in the sea sunbathe on the beach
you know. play soccer on the
Carmen: Yes, I know you need to be careful. I eat fish in a restaurant
beach
always spend just ten minutes on the
sunbed. I never stay for very long. You
aren’t here for the sunbed, then, Lois?
Lois: Oh no. I’m meeting my fitness instructor. 5. _____________________________________
There he is.
Carmen: Oh, do you often come to the gym? 6. _____________________________________
Lois: Yes, I use the gym three or four times a 7. _____________________________________
week.
Carmen: Wow! You are very fit! 8. _____________________________________

1) Where are Lois and Carmen?

___________________________________
2) What is Carmen doing now?
___________________________________

31
 13. Read the texts and write T for TRUE of F for FALSE.

Hello! My name is Douglas Hunter. I’m a pilot for British Airlines. I fly planes. I work in the international Airport
of England. I usually work from Monday to Sunday, but I am not working today. I am playing golf. It is my
favorite sport. The sun is shining today.

He is Gordon Lester. He is a champion jockey. Every day he practices hockey in the morning. In the
afternoons, he has dinner with his wife. He never goes to bed early.
As a hobby, he rides racehorses, but he isn’t riding a racehorse now. He is dancing with his wife.

They are Bob and Michael. They teach English in a school. They work together in an Elementary school. Bob
and Michael work from Monday to Friday. Bob teaches Math and Michael teaches Biology, but they aren’t
teaching now, because is Friday night, and they usually go to their favorite pub. They’re talking and laughing.

1. Douglas plays on Mondays. _______________

2. Gordon isn’t playing hockey now. _______________

3. Bob and Michael don’t work on Wednesday . _______________

4. Douglas is playing golf. _______________

5. Gordon isn’t dancing with his wife. _______________

Grammar Reminder
Simple Present vs Present Progressive
We use:

PRESENT SIMPLE PRESENT PROGRESSIVE

To talk about habits and routines. To talk about things happening at the moment.

I arrive at school at 8:30 am every day. Jim is watching TV at the moment.

To talk about things we do often, every day, To talk about things happening around the time
every week, etc. of speaking.

Joe lives in New York. He is working late these days.

14. Complete each sentence. Use the words in brackets. Use present simple or present continuous.

1. Richard always gets up before 7.00. (always/get up)

2. Hurry up! The bus ________________for us! (wait)
3. Where (we, go) _______________________? This is the wrong road!
4. My friends ___________________________my story. (not believe)
5. Please be quiet! I _______________ a very interesting book. (read)

32
Places 6

UNIT
 My town
This is Andersonville. I like my town a lot, it isn’t
very big, and there aren’t a lot of people, but there
are many fun things to do.
a home in a building with lots of others
a big house with a garden, often near the sea
a house with no others joined to it
a house with another house on each side

In the north of the city, there is an amusement park. 3. Where can you do these activities? Match
It has many rides. There are three roller coasters the rooms with the activities.
that are really scary. There is also a large outdoor
theater. I like to go there with my friends when cook keep things you don’t use
there are concerts. eat sleep
On the east side, there is a science museum. have a shower watch TV
Inside the museum, there are many things to see work
and do. There are exhibits that you can touch, and
there is a theater that shows educational videos.
There are always a lot of children there. attic kitchen
In the south, there is a large beautiful park. There bathroom living room
are a lot of trees and many places to walk. There
bedroom shower room
are also many stalls that sell things like hamburgers
and hotdogs. On weekends, there are many dining room study
families.
Example: Cook – You can cook in the kitchen.
On the west side, there is a large mall. There are
many stores inside, and many places to eat. My
friends and I like to go there.
Reading
 What kind of home do you live in? Do you like
Check your understanding your home? Why / Why not?
 Look at the text quickly. What is unusual about
 Is there an amusement park in each home?
Andersonville?  Read the text and match the features with the
 Where is the amusement park?
house.
 How many roller coasters are there?
It is …
 Is there a park in Andersonville?
by lake
Homes
There is and there are not hot during the day

1. Match the types of houses in the photos on near a town

the next page, with 1 – 4 below.
It has …
1. detached
house a room at the top of the
house
2. apartments a room below the house
3. terraced
house a room to walk in

4. villa
4. Do you like these houses? Which one do
you prefer?
2. Now, match the types of houses with the
descriptions.

34
 3 Eco – villa by a lake
Unusual homes for sale
This lovely eco-friendly home is on an island in Georgian
Bay, Canada. In front of the villa lies the bay, which is
part of Lake Huron. The villa has one bedroom in the
attic, a bathroom, a kitchen, a dining room and a living
room with a small library.
On one side of the roof there are solar panels, which
provide all the hot water. There isn’t a garage.

Vocabularies Homes
5. Write words from the text in the correct
1 Luxurious three-bedroom home column.
The beautiful old windmill in the south of England is next
to an open parkland but near a busy town. It has three Adjectives
Type of Other
bedrooms, a bathroom and a shower room, large Rooms describing
building features
kitchen/dining room and a living room. There is also a house
cellar under the kitchen, and a garden and patio outside.
detached bathroom garden beautiful
house

6. Find out about your partner’s home.

Do you live in a house or in an apartment? Is it

detached?

Does it have a garden? Is it near the town?

2 Unusual detached house
Near a pretty village in the Italian countryside, between
the towns of Locorotondo and Martina Franca, this
house with an unusual roof is very private. The small Grammar there is / there are
windows mean that the house feels cold all day, but you
can also relax in the light, sunny garden behind the 7. Look at the text and complete the Grammar
house. Inside, there are five bedrooms, two bathrooms Box with ‘s, is, isn’t, are or aren’t.
and a study.

Singular Plural
There’s a garden There _______
Positive (there is) five bedrooms

There _______ There aren’t any

Negative a garage solar panels
_______ there
_______ is there
any windows?
a cellar?
Interrogative Where is there a
How many
rooms _______
library?
there?
Yes, there is. Yes, there ____
No, there _____ No, there isn’t.

35
 8. Complete the questions with is there or
are there. Answer the questions about the
houses on the previous article.
1. ____________ two bedrooms in the windmill?
No, there are three bedrooms in the windmill.
2. How many bedrooms ____________ in the
eco-villa?
3. ____________ a central heating in the
detached house?
4. ____________ a cellar in the eco-villa?
5. How many bathrooms ____________ in the
detached house’
6. ____________ solar panels on the windmill?
9. Read the ad and complete the description.
2 BR apt, with small kit.
and big liv.rm. w/1 bath,
and garage.
Excellent location
Near subway stop.
There are two
10. Complete the sentences with the correct
preposition.
a) I´d like to have a villa ________ the sea.
b) Our apartment has a roof garden ________ it.
c) There’s a cellar ________ our house.
d) My hotel room is next to your room and we
share the bathroom ________ our rooms.
e) We have a small library ________ our living
room.
f) My grandparents have a house in the country
with a large garden ________ it.
g) There are two solar panels ________ the roof
of the eco-villa.
h) We’re neighbors – their house is right
________ ours.
i) The school is ________ our house – it only
takes me five minutes to walk there.
Speaking – Work in pairs.
11. You want to buy a holiday apartment in
New York. Ask your partner questions to
find out these things about the apartment.

There is a 1. How big is it?

2. How many rooms?
and a
3. Other features’
there is one 4. Garden / terrace?
5. Where (near shops, etc)?
there 6. Price?
Answer Student’s questions about this villa.

Vocabulary prepositions of place Two minutes from

shops and
restaurants on
development
fifteen kilometers
from villa.
For Sale
€395,000
Large villa in new development
150 square meters
Four bedrooms, three bathrooms, living room,
kitchen, patio and two balconies, garage, air
conditioning.
Shared swimming pool.

36
Food 7

UNIT
 Food 1
Countable and Uncountable nouns
1. Match the words from the box with the pictures.

apples eggs strawberries

beef fish tomatoes

bread milk watermelon

cheese pasta chicken

Do you know any other words?

2
2. We use the words in the table to measure food, drink
and money. Put the next words in the correct column.

liters grams kilos dollars euros cents

Food Drink Money

Reading
3
3. Read the text quickly. Match each family with the food
pictures.

Eating around the world

The Toros live in Tokyo, Japan. Yamada Toro lives with his
wife, Keiko, and his children Yoshi and Haruna. He works in
an office. Keiko cooks breakfast before Yamada leaves for
work at 7:00 a.m. They have dinner together at home in the
evenings. They eat a lot of fish and rice. Keiko cooks all the
meals for her family.

Steve and Corinne Merton and their children, Larry and

Courtney, live in New York. They are a typical American 4
family. Steve and Corinne both work and they don’t usually
have time to cook, so they like convenience food. The children
eat a lot of hot dogs, burgers and cola. They eat at fast food
restaurants once a week.

Julio Esteban, his wife Manuela and their children Maria and
Pedro, live in Havana. Cuba is a topical country so they eat a
lot of fresh fruit – pineapples, watermelons and bananas.
Families in Cuba have retention books. These show how
much food the family can buy every month.

38
 4. Read the text again and tick ( ) the correct Uncountable nouns
answers.
 They do not have plural forms.
Which family … Toro Merton Esteban
1. Eats a lot of fish?  We cannot use numbers in front of them.
2. Eats fresh fruit?
3. Has a ration book? 8. Four of these sentences have mistakes.
4. Eats at fast food Find the mistakes and correct them.
restaurants?
5. Doesn’t have time 1) I don’t like rices.
to cook? 2) Do you eat breads?
6. Has dinner
together? 3) Can I have six bananas, please?
4) I drink orange juices with my breakfast.
5. Work in pairs and discuss the questions.
5) Do you like milks in your coffee?
a) Is your family like any of the families in
the texts?
b) What food do people in your country 9. Read the sentences. Are the underlined
eat? words countable or uncountable?
c) What’s your favorite food?
a) We eat a lot of seafood.
Grammar Reference
b) We don’t eat much fast food.
Countable and Uncountable nouns.
c) We don’t eat many takeaways.
6. Look at the pictures in exercise 1 and d) The children eat a lot of burgers.
answer the questions.

a) Which food can you count? 10. Look at the italic words in the sentences.
b) Which food can´t you count? Then complete the box with ticks and
7. Here is the Merton family shopping list. crosses
Choose the correct word in to complete the
sentences. + countable + uncountable
noun noun
a) The words on the left are countable /
uncountable nous. (how) much C
(how) many V
b) The words on the right are countable /
(not) a lot of C
uncountable nouns. V

12 hot dogs Orange juice NOTE:

12 burgers Rice
We usually use much and many in questions and
18 bananas Bread negatives, but not in positive sentences.
4 pizzas milk

Countable nouns
 They have singular and plural forms.
 We can use numbers in front of them.
39
 11. Cross out the words in italics that are
incorrect.

1) How much / many / a lot of coffee do you

drink every day?

2) I don’t eat much / many / a lot of meat these

days.

3) How much / many / a lot of bananas do you

want?

4) Do you drink much / many / a lot of water?

5) Do people in your country eat much /many /

a lot of burgers?

6) My family eats much / many / a lot of eggs

every week.
How healthy are you?

Grammar Reference Millions of people love pizzas. There are so many

different types. Most pizzas have tomatoes and
much / many / a lot of cheese, but there are more than hundred other things
Countable Nouns you can put on a pizza! Some people like them with
beef or chicken, some with seafood, others like
Things we can count.
pineapple on their pizza. Which type do you like?
1 banana, 2 bananas People like pizzas because they come in many
They have singular and plural forms. different sizes. You can get a big pizza or buy a small
apple, apples piece if you are not very hungry. You can eat them in
a normal restaurant or a special restaurant (a
We can use numbers in front of them.
pizzeria), you can eat them on the street, or you can
25 bananas phone a takeaway and they bring you a hot pizza to
We use many in questions and negatives. your house in a box. There are thousands and
thousands of pizza restaurants all over the world. In
I don’t eat many apples
the US there are more than 100,000! But where does
We use how many to ask questions. pizza come from?
How many bananas do you buy every week? Well, the original pizza restaurant is in Naples,
Italy. Its name is Antica Pizzeria Port’ Alba. It is 200
Uncountable Nouns years old and, of course, they cook their pizzas the
Things we can’t count. Old Italian way. It’s still open and you can go in there
today and enjoy a fantastic pizza.
rice, salt
They do not have plural forms.
Check your understanding
rices 12. Complete the questions and answers with
We cannot use numbers in front of them. information from the text.
2 rices 1. Most pizzas have ______________________.
We use much in questions and negatives. 2. How many pizza ____________________ are
I don’t drink much milk. there in the US?
We use how much to ask questions. 3. There are ____________________ in the US.
How much water do you drink every day? 4. Where is the __________________restaurant?
40
a / an, some and any.
Vocabulary containers
13. Look at the pictures and match A – H with the containers from the box.

A B C D E F G H

bag bottle box can

carton jar packet tube

14. Now, match the containers (1 – 8) with the things they can contain (a – h).

1 bag a juice
2 bottle b eggs
3 box c water
4 can d coffee
5 jar e toothpaste
6 packet f chips
7 carton g rice
8 tube h cola

Reading
15. Read the extract of a TV program and discuss the questions with a partner.

Tonight’s choice: In the rubbish bin

Your rubbish can tell us about your life!

Tonight, this popular series looks at the diet of two ordinary families.
They bring their food rubbish from one week into the studio and Doctor Laurence
Redburn examines it. He then discusses with the families what is good and bad
about their diets. Messy, but really interesting TV!

Don’t miss it! On channel 6 at 9:00 pm

41
 1) What is the TV program about?
2) Which food in the pictures from exercise 1 is healthy?
3) Which food is unhealthy?

16. Read the second part of the TV program and discuss the questions.

Presenter: Hello and welcome to ‘In the Rubbish bin’, the show where we look at people’s lives
by looking at their rubbish bins. Today we look at the diets of two very different
families. I have their rubbish bins in the studio, with a typical day’s rubbish, so, let’s
start with rubbish bin 1. What does the family eat and drink?
Doctor We have some cans … cola cans – not very healthy. Mm, instant coffee. Some boxes
Laurence: … cheese and tomato pizza, burgers. Some biscuits, and … chips packets – all fast
food, and not very healthy.
Presenter: Do they eat any vegetables or fruit?
Doctor I don’t think so. Not a healthy diet! A lot of this food is bad for you, so this family is
Laurence: probably not very healthy. Now, let’s look at rubbish bin 2. This is very different – it’s
good. This family eats a lot of fruit and vegetables … some potatoes, carrots …
bananas and apples.
Presenter: What do they drink?
Doctor We have a juice carton, a milk carton and we have a water bottle – very good, all very
Laurence: healthy so far. Tea bags … well, ok. They eat some pasta, and fish – that’s good. I
can’t see any fast food here. I think this is a very healthy family.

17. Do you agree with Laurence about the diets Singular Plural
Uncountable
of the two families? Noun Countable, Countable,
(fruit)
(bottle) (cans)
18. Are these types of food healthy or Positive
unhealthy? Negative a / an any any

Interrogative a / an
rice oranges red meat
chocolate hot salad 19. Write the list of ingredients for lamb and
potato bake. Use a or some and a word
from the box.

Grammar a / an, some and any

Can of tomatoes Carrots Dried fruit Lamb
Look at the extracts from the TV show and
Nuts Potato (1) Salt
complete the b with a / an, some and any.

1 ___________________ 5 ___________________
“We have some cans …” “we have a bottle …”
2 ___________________ 6 ___________________
“Do they eat any vegetables or any fruit?”
3 ___________________ 7 ___________________
“They eat some pasta …”
4 ___________________

42
Changes 8

UNIT
 Before reading

1. What are the places in the photos? Talk

with your partners. Then read the text and
check your answers.

Buildings
You live in an apartment now, but was it an apartment fifty years ago?
Buildings often change during their life. Maybe it wasn´t an apartment but a
school or station…

Oxford Castle is an old building in the center of Oxford, England. In the

twentieth century, it was a prison, but now it is a shopping center and a
luxurious hotel! You can sleep in the old prisons cells.

The Musée d´Orsay in Paris was a station in the early twentieth century. It
was the main station for trains from Paris to the south-west of France. It is
now a really beautiful art gallery.

The Smolny Institute in St Petersburg is now the office of the Governor of

the city. It was a school for rich girls in the nineteenth century, and the
offices were classrooms. Then it was Lenin´s Home for a few months in
1917.

In the twentieth century, the Moshulu was a sailing ship, for carrying food
and other things all around the world. But now it is a luxurious restaurant in
Philadelphia, in the US.

2. Complete the places with now and in the past. Follow the example.

In the past Now

1. The Oxford Castle was a prison It is a …
2. The Musée d’Orsay
3. The Smolny Institute
4. The Moshulu

Grammar Past Simple of to be I, he, she, it We, you, they

Affirmative was ____________
3. Read the text again. Choose the correct words Negative ____________ weren’t
in the rules. Then complete the table.
Interrogative ____________ Were we, you,
I, he, she, it? they?

 We use is and are to talk about now / the past Yes, I, he, she, Yes, we, you,
it __________. they ________.
 We use was and were to talk about now / the No, we, you,
No, I, he, she, it they
past
____________ ____________

44
4. These sentences about the places in exercise 1 are all false. Make them true.

Example: The Smolny Institute is a school.

No, it isn’t. It was a school but now it is offices.

a) The Musée d’Orsay was a bus station.

__________________________________________________________________________________

b) Oxford Castle was a shopping center.

__________________________________________________________________________________

c) The Moshulu was a sailing ship in the nineteenth century.

__________________________________________________________________________________

d) The Musée d’Orsay is a prison.

__________________________________________________________________________________

5. Circle the correct word.

a) Was / were Jake with Adam last night? b) And they wasn’t / weren’t with Marisa.
c) Yes, he was / were. d) Was / Were Katya with them?
e) Was / Were they with Ricardo? f) No, she wasn’t / weren’t.
g) No, they wasn’t / weren’t. h) Where was / were you last night?

6. Complete the text with WAS or WERE.

Interviewer: What __________ it like during the First World

War, Bill?

Bill: It __________ a terrible time. I __________ a

young man, so I __________ in the army. We
__________ in Italy.
Interviewer: Where __________ your wife and children?

Bill: They __________ in London. That

__________ dangerous too. There
__________ bombs and there __________
not a lot of food. The children __________
very young and they __________ very
frightened.

45
 7. Are these statements TRUE or FALSE? Correct the FALSE statements using WASN’T or WEREN’T:

Example: Bill was an old man during the First World War.
FALSE. Bill wasn’t an old man during the First World War.

a) Bill was in the army.

b) Bill was in Poland.
c) Bill’s wife and children were in Italy.
d) It was dangerous in London.
e) There was a lot of food in London.
f) The children were quite old.
g) The children were frightened.

8. Make questions about the text using WAS or WERE:

a) / Bill / in the army? _____________________________________________________

b) Where / Bill? _____________________________________________________
c) Where / Bill’s wife and children? _____________________________________________________
d) / It dangerous in London? _____________________________________________________
e) / there bombs? _____________________________________________________
f) / there a lot of food? _____________________________________________________

Steve Jobs was born on February 24th,

1955 in San Francisco, California. His adoptive
parents were Clara and Paul Jobs. As a boy,
Steve was very intelligent. But believe it or not,
he wasn’t a very good student. When Steve was
in high school, he was friends with a young man
named Steve Wozniak. Steve J. and Steve W.
were the original creators of Apple Computers.
Jobs was only 56 years old at the time of his
death. Ask anyone about Steve Jobs and they
will probably tell you this: he was one of the most
influential men in the history of the tech world.
His most important creations were the Apple II in
1977, the Macintosh in 1984, the iTunes store
and the iPod in 2001, the iPhone in 2007 and the
iPad in 2010.

46
New in town 9

UNIT
 Ellis Island
Between 1892 and 1954, most people who came
to live in the United States passed through Ellis
Island. During that time, more than 12 million
immigrants had this experience. Sometimes more
than 10,000 people would go through Ellis Island in
a single day. Most of these newcomers came from
Europe and almost all of them across the Atlantic
Ocean by steamships. The trip was very difficult,
the food was terrible, and the ships were usually
crowded and dirty, and the water was usually bad
so a lot of people got sick.
New in town
Describe past events in your life
After the immigrants got off the ship at Ellis Island,
they first had to pass a medical test. Sometimes 2. Look at the photo. Which city does it show?
they would wait for hours to see a doctor. If they
a. New York
were sick, they were usually sent back home. Over b. Mumbai
250,000 people were sent back home by the years c. London
1892 and 1954. Some of those refused entry were
young children, so one or both parents would have 3. Where do you think the people come from?
to go back with them. For these people, it meant
their dream of living in the United States was over. Reading
Today Ellis Island is a museum. You can see 4. Read the text on page 49 and check your
pictures of what the immigrants and the ships answer to the previous exercise.
looked like. You can also listen to recorded
interviews of some of the immigrants as they tell
the stories about what it was like to come to this 5. Read the text again and match the people
country. In spring 2001, The Statue of Liberty-Ellis with the cities.
Island Foundation started offering a new service.
You can now trace your ancestors’ records. British and Irish San Francisco
Korean New York
Portuguese London
1. Decide if the sentences are True (T) or
Chinese Los Angeles
False (F).
Indian Frankfurt
2. Ellis Island is in the North of England. Turkish Paris

6. Answer the questions.

3. Today Ellis Island is and art gallery.
4. Ellis Island was used between 1892 and 1954.
4. Many people came to Ellis Island from Europe.
5. The ships were clean.
6. The food on the ship was great.
a) What happened in 1809?
b) What happened in the 1960s and 70s?
c) What happened in the middle of the
nineteenth century?
d) What happened in the 1980s and 90s?
7. Find the words from the box in the text and
match them with the correct definition.

48
 a. From another country, or
1. Citizen
in another country.
b. Transmission of customs
2. Culture or beliefs from generation
to generation.
c. People who do a specified
3. Foreign type of work or who work
in a specified way.
d. A set of ideas, beliefs, and
ways of behaving of
a particular organization o
4. Immigrants
r group of people.
A involving music, literatur
e, and other arts.
e. Someone who comes
5. Tradition to live in a country from
another country.
f. Someone who lives in
6. Workers
a particular town or city.
Cities
People in big cities often come from other places.
People move to cities to get jobs or to find a better
life, and many of them come from other countries.
They often bring their culture, music and food with
them. Visitors to London are often surprised to see
so many Indian shops and restaurants. But there
are over a million Indians living in the UK and the
first Indian restaurant opened in London in 1809 – a
time when pizzerias and hamburger restaurants
didn’t exist!
Many European cities have large number of
immigrants. There are Portuguese people in Paris
and Turkish workers in Frankfurt. They mostly
arrived in the 1960s and 70s. But American cities
have a very long tradition of new citizen from
foreign countries. For example, San Francisco has
more Chinese people than any city outside Asia.
The city is famous for its Chinese restaurants. A lot
of Chinese people went to California in the middle
of the nineteenth century, but they didn’t work in
restaurants, they worked on farms and in factories.
And New York, of course, is well known for its
British and Irish citizens. The city has an Irish
newspaper and its most important holiday is St
Patrick’s Day – the national day of Ireland. In the
1980s and 90s many Koreans moved to the US,
especially to Ls Angeles. In fact, there is a large
area in the center of Los Angeles that is called
‘Koreatown’.
8. Complete the sentences with words from
exercise 7.
a. Italians moved to New York and took their
food and ________ to the city: pizzas,
spaghetti and art.
b. Chinese farm ________ moved to America
in the 19th century.
c. In California, there are many ________ from
Mexico.
d. In my country, we give presents for New
Year. It is an old ________.
e. My uncle married a woman from Vancouver
and became a Canadian ________.
f. The students in my school speak fifteen
different ________ languages.
9. Are there people from different countries in
your hometown? Where did they come
from? Do you know when did they arrive?
10. Read the conversations and write the cities
Anthony and Madhuk live in.
Anthony
Madhuk
Interviewer: Anthony, can I ask you some
questions for our series on
immigrants?
Anthony: Sure.
Interviewer: Are you Irish or American?
Anthony: Well, I’m a New Yorker! No, that’s a
joke. I’m American, of course. Well,
that’s what my passport says! But my
family was Irish, so I’m Irish-
American.
Interviewer: Did you grow up in USA?
Anthony: Yes, I did. I was born in New York
and I went to school in Brooklyn –
that’s a suburb of New York. And I
still live there.
Interviewer: Where did your family come from?
Anthony: My great-great grandparents came
from Waterford. That’s a city in the
south coast of Ireland.
Interviewer: Why did many Irish people go to the
USA?
49
 Anthony: Well, life was very difficult in Ireland. 12. Correct the mistakes in three of the
There wasn´t enough food or work for sentences.
all the people in the 1840s and 50s,
so poor people came to America to a. Anthony grew up in New York.
look for jobs and better life.
Interviewer: Why are there so many Indian people
_____________________________________
in England, Madhuk?
Madhuk: Well, for hundreds of years India and
Pakistan were part of the British b. American citizens went to Ireland in the 1840s.
empire. So there were a lot of
connections between the countries.
_____________________________________
Rich Indians sent their children to
school in England and poor people
came here as servants. c. Madhuk didn’t go to school in India.
Interviewer: Were you born in London?
Madhuk: No, I was born in Mumbai, in India.
_____________________________________
But my family came to the UK in the
1980s. My father worked as a teacher
and my mother worked in a d. Madhuk´s family went to London in the 1990s.
restaurant. There were lots of jobs for
Indians in Britain in those days.
_____________________________________
Interviewer: Did you go to school in India?
Madhuk: No, I didn’t. I didn’t go to school there
because my parents moved here e. Madhuk went to India for her cousin’s birthday.
when I was five, so I went to school in
England.
_____________________________________
Interviewer: Do you ever go to India?
Madhuk: Yes, I went there last year – for my
cousin’s wedding. It was fantastic.
The people were so friendly! But it Anthony
was very hot. I was happy to come
home to London.

Who said it?

11. Write A (Anthony) or M (Madhuk)

I’m Irish-American.

Rich Indian sent their children to school in

England.

My parents moved here when I was five. Madhuk

I´m a New Yorker!

It was very hot.

50
Grammar Reference The past and the present.
14. Read the text and tick the things the woman
We use the Simple Past to talk about completed actions does now, the things she did in the past and
at a definite time in the past. both now and in the past.

In the Past Now

People who came to live to US passed through Ellis
Island between 1892 and 1954. 1. Drive a car
Immigrants from Europe had to pass a medical test first. 2. Have books
In spring 2001, The Statue of Liberty-Ellis Island 3. Read books
Foundation started offering a new service
4. Spend time with friends

5. Go shopping
We use didn’t + a verb in simple form to make the Past
NEGATIVE form.
6. Go to the beach
I didn’t go to school in India because my parents
7. Eat in restaurants
moved here when I was five.

When I was a teenager, I didn’t drive a ca, but I had a

Immigrants didn’t work in restaurants, they worked on bicycle. I had many books and I read a lot. I spent a lot
farms and in factories. of time with my friends, we swam, we went to the park,
we went shopping or we spent time at the beach. We
had a great time together.

Now, I’m 26 years old. I work in an office and I drive a

car to work every day. I don’t have a bicycle because I
13. Make negative sentences in the past. don’t need one. I have a lot of books, but I don’t read a
lot because I don’t usually have time.

1) William Shakespeare / write / Don Quixote.
__________________________________________
2) My / great-grandparents / have / a car.
Now, I still spend time with my friends. We usually go
shopping or meet for lunch in a restaurant. We love to
talk and remember our past when we didn’t have many
responsibilities.

__________________________________________

3) People / have / iPads in the 1960s.

__________________________________________

4) My father / go / to university.

__________________________________________

5) I / do / my homework yesterday.

__________________________________________

6) Charles Darwin / invent / the computer.

__________________________________________

51
 Grammar Reference
We use the Simple Past to talk about completed
actions at a definite time in the past.
Did you grow up in the US?
Did you go to school in India?
Did you study at university?
We use did + a verb in simple form to make the
Past INTERROGATIVE form.
Did you grow up in the US?
Did you finish work yesterday?
Short answers
Yes, I / he / she / it / we / you / they did.
No, I / he / she / it / we / you / they didn’t.
Did you study at university? Yes, I did.
15. Use the prompts to make a past question.
1) Heather / grow up / in New Brunswick.
______________________________________
2) Heather / go / to English school
______________________________________
3) Heather / leave home / in 2005
______________________________________
4) She / meet / her partner in Canada
______________________________________
5) Stig / go / to school in Norway
______________________________________
6) He / study / economics at university
______________________________________
52
Grammar Reference
16. Read about Heather and Stig and answer
the questions from exercise 15.
Heather
I was born in Canada and my family lives in
Canada. I grew up in New Brunswick and I went to
French school in New Brunswick. I left home in
2005 and went traveling overseas. I went to all
sorts of different countries and I met my partner
overseas in 2006. I came to England in September
2007.
Stig
I was born in Norway but I didn’t grow up there. We
moved to England when I was five. So I didn’t go to
school in Norway, I went to school in England. I
went to university in London. I studied economics
but I didn’t get a job in economics, I became an
English teacher instead.
17. Read the statements and correct them.
a. Stig grew up in the US.
b. Heather went to school in London.
c. People used computers in the sixteenth
century.
d. Beethoven painted the Mona Lisa.
e. Marco Polo invented the cell phone.
f. I watched a DVD last night.
g. My parents moved to Colombia.
A bad day
18. Read Evan’s story about his bad day.

Yesterday was a bad day for me. I got up and hour late
for work. I didn’t take a shower and I didn’t have
breakfast ether because I didn’t have time I got in my car
and drove to my work. It was late so; I drove very fast. I
didn’t see the other car and I had an accident. It wasn’t
so serious, but the man in the other car broke his nose. I
got to the office really late and of course my boss was
angry.

19. Now, write a similar story about a bad day you had in the past.

20. Read the information about Max, and complete the questions and answers.

I live in Cambridge now, but I wasn’t born here and I didn’t

grow up in England. I was born in Cape Town, in South
Africa. I grew up there and I went to school in the center of
the city. At home we spoke Afrikaans, but at my school all
the lessons were in English.
When I was young, I wanted to be an engineer. There´s a
very good engineering course at the University of London,
so I decided to come to England when I was eighteen.
After university, I got a job in Cambridge, so I decided to
stay there. I got married in 2008 and now, I am a British
citizen.

1. ________ he ________ English at home? 3. ________ did he decide to stay in England?

No, he didn’t. He ________ to stay in England because he got
a ________ in Cambridge.
2. ________ Max ________ to be an engineer
when he was a young man? 4. ________ did Max get married?
Yes, he ________. He got ________ in 2008.

53
 Time expressions

21. Complete the sentences with time expressions from the box.

in 1492 in the 1960s in those days in the 19th century when I was five

1. Men often had long hair ____________________.

2. I first went to school ____________________.

3. Columbus discovered America ____________________.

4. I didn’t have my apartment in the 1990s. I lived with my parents ____________________.

5. Women wore long dresses ____________________.

22. Complete the expressions. Then finish the sentences with true information about you, your family or
your country.

a. ________ 2001 we …
b. In the sixteenth ________ my country …
c. When I ________ a small child, I …
d. In ________ 1990 my family …

23. Complete the sentences with time expressions from the box.

ago in 1989 in the 1990s in the 16th century

last night last Saturday afternoon yesterday

1. Tim Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web ______________________________.

2. There weren’t any computers ______________________________.

3. It rained all day ______________________________, but it stopped this morning.

4. I left school two years ______________________________ and I went to work in a supermarket.

5. We watched football on TV ______________________________ and stayed at home all weekend.

6. I didn’t sleep well ______________________________ and today I’m tired.

54
The News10

UNIT
 The news
Comparative adjectives – make comparisons between things and people

Reading
1. Work in pairs and discuss the next questions:
a) How often do you watch, read or listen to the news?
b) What’s in the news today?
c) How do you usually get the news?

2. Match the photos (1 – 5) with the names of the news sources in the table.

fast easy detailed exciting cheap convenient

Newspaper
The radio
The TV
The Internet
Mobile phone

1 2 3 4 5
0

Is the Internet today’s news source?

37 percent of Americans regularly go online for news, especially 34 percent read a newspaper or listen to the radio.
when the news is important: 70 percent used the Internet during
the last presidential election. 29 percent watch a daily news program on TV

Are you surprised? Why is the Internet news so popular? Have your say here.

It isn’t the same in my country – we don’t all have computers, so we read the newspaper or listen to the radio. I
think they are great – newspapers are detailed and give you a lot of information, and the radio is convenient – you
can listen to it while you’re driving, in bed, even in the bath. They’re easy ways to get the news – easier than using
a computer, and of course they are cheaper than computers!
Fuad

I believe the internet is taking away TV’s audience. In my opinion, the Internet is better than TV because it’s faster,
and it is very detailed. You can go online to look at news stories or read a blog. TV is better than the Internet for
some things, I agree, and I watch a news program every day. TV is more exciting than some other news sources
because it’s visual. I think TV news feels more realistic than newspapers or radio news for that reason.
Katie

No – this is all wrong! TV, newspapers, computers … they’re all old fashioned. I get the news on my mobile phone
– the main news stories, sports news, and movie news. I also use twitter a lot – that’s how I found out about that
plane crash on the Hudson River, before the TV or Internet had the story! Mobiles are really fast now, and
convenient, because I have my phone with me all the time.
Magnus

56
 3. Read the text quickly. Which sources do
people like? Adjective Comparative
Regular one Old (older)
Example:
– syllable add -er Cheap (cheaper)
Fuad likes newspapers and … New (newer)
adjectives
interesting
4. Read the text again and thick the correct write more more interesting
Longer
adjectives in the table in exercise 2. before the
adjectives
adjective comfortable
more comfortable
Vocabulary news sources Two –
syllable remove –y Funny (funnier)
5. Complete the phrases with verbs from the adjectives and add -ier Busy (busier)
box. that end in -y

go listen to read Irregular good better

use read watch adjectives bad worse

1) __________ a blog 7. Write the comparative form of the following

adjectives.
2) __________ a news program

3) __________ newspaper 1. big bigger than 9. warm

2. pretty prettier than 10. intelligent
4) __________ online
3. good 11. popular
5) __________ the radio 4. boring 12. noisy
5. small 13. great
6) __________ twitter
6. important 14. smart
7. nice 15. expensive
6. Work in pairs and discuss the next 8. valuable 16. poor
questions:

a) Do you read or write a blog?

b) How often do you go online? Choosing a dictionary
c) Do you use twitter? 8. Read the article and complete the text with
the correct comparative form of the
adjectives in brackets.
Grammar reference
Comparative adjectives
 We use comparative adjectives to compare two
or more things.

 We use than to introduce the second noun in a

comparative sentence.

This book is more interesting than his first book.

This house is bigger than my old house.
The blue shoes are more expensive than the
black ones.

57
 What´s a good dictionary?

Students often ask their teachers to recommend a

good dictionary, below you can read two common ENTERTAIMENT
questions and some answers.

Should I buy a big dictionary or a small one?

A big dictionary has _______________
(complicated) explanations than a small one. A
small dictionary usually gives _______________
(short) and _______________ (clear) explanations.
You are starting to learn English, so a small Music
dictionary is _______________ (useful) to you at
this point. That’s good because it is
_______________ (cheap) too.

Do I need and English-English dictionary or an

English-Spanish one? Sports
It depends. A bilingual dictionary is
_______________ (easy) to use then a
monolingual one, but a monolingual dictionary
gives you _______________ (extensive) practice,
because you need to understand the explanations
in English.

In conclusion, there are different dictionaries for

different people, you should probably choose a Books
small dictionary that you find easy to use.

How to give your opinion

What do you think of …?

Ask for an opinion
Do you think (that) … ?

I think (that) … bad cheap exciting expensive

Give a positive
I believe (that) … fast good interesting lively
opinion
I find that amazing! modern noisy popular relaxing

Give a negative I don’t think (that) …

opinion I don’t find it surprising …
Example:

Student A: What do you think of rock music?

Use an ‘opinion’
In my opinion, (it’s better) …
phrase Student B: I don’t like it. I think it is noisy. I like
classical music because it is more
relaxing than rock music.
9. Talk about the topics 1- 4 below. Give your
opinion and ask your partner’s opinion. Use Student A: Really? I don’t think so. In my
adjectives from the box to make
opinion, rock music is more exciting.
comparisons.

58
1 2

3 4

11. Which types of movies from the box are or

Movies can be…
10. Match the movies in the photos with the  Interesting?  Violent?  Clever?
types of movies from the box.  Romantic?  Sad?  Scary?
 Funny?  Exciting?  Happy?
An action /
adventure A comedy A cartoon
movie 12. What types of films do you like / not like?
Why?
A horror movie A love story A documentary Use words from exercise 10 and 11.

A science 13. Read the interview and match the films with
A thriller A musical the opinions.
fiction movie
Presenter: Good evening! Today we have
Picture 1 Picture 2 Mariela with us to talk about her
favorite films from the last ten years.
As you know, Mariela is a film critic
to The Sunday Reporter. Welcome to
Picture 3 Picture 4 the show Mariela.
Mariela: It’s good to be here!
Presenter: OK. Let’s start with the best. Mariela,
what do you think is the best film of
the last ten years?

59
 Mariela: Well, there is no competition for me. I
know many people think it was the
films in The Lord of the Rings series,
and they were good, but form me the
best film in the last ten years was
Slumdog Millionaire – it was so
different, very clever and it had the
best photography, I think.
Presenter: I think many people agree with you.
What is the most exciting film on the
last ten years, do you think?
Mariela: That is easy – Casino Royale. I think
it is the best James Bond film –
Daniel Craig was fantastic in the
character of James Bond – he is by
far the best Bond in my opinion.
Presenter: OK. Were there any surprises for you
in the last ten years?
Mariela: Surprises? Let me see … well, yes. I
think the biggest surprise was An
Inconvenient Truth – you know the Al
Gore documentary about the
environment. It was interesting, and I
think many people understood the
problem better when they watched it.
Presenter: What about foreign language films?
Any good ones there?
Mariela: Well, lots of course, but the one that I
think was best was The Lives of
Others, the German film. It was a
lovely film, very sad, but the most
interesting foreign language film of
the last ten years, and for me the
most successful winner of the Oscar
for the best foreign film.
Presenter: Mmm, I liked that one too. You don’t
like violent films, do you?
Mariela: No, I don’t. But there’s a violent film
that I wanted to talk about – No
Country for Old Men. That was very
violent, possibly the most violent film
of the ten years, but it was very good
– and the actor Javier Bardem was
really fantastic as the bad guy – it is
not usually the kind of part he plays,
but you can believe he is a real
villain in this film.
Presenter: And any good comedies?
Mariela: Oh, yes, my favorite was Little Miss
Sunshine – it was really the funniest
film of the last ten years for me,
specially the scene when the little girl
is at the Little Miss Sunshine
competition, but it is also sad and
quiet in places.
60
Presenter: Well, I think that’s all we have time
for …
Mariela: No, wait a moment. There’s one
more film I really want to mention,
and that’s Chicago. I don’t usually
like musicals, but it really was the
freshest musical for a long time – it
was really good.
Presenter: OK. Thank you very much, Mariela,
and now we turn to …
An Inconvenient Truth
Casino Royale
The Lives of Others
Little Miss Sunshine
Slumdog Millionaire
Chicago
No Country for Old Men
1. The best film in the last ten years
2. The most exciting film
3. The biggest surprise
4. The best foreign film
5. The most violent film
6. The funniest film
7. The freshest musical for a long time
14. Read the interview again and correct the
mistakes about the films.
a. A lot of people think the Harry Potter series
were the best films.
____________________________________
____________________________________
b. In Mariela’s opinion, Casino Royale has the
best photography.
____________________________________
____________________________________
c. An Inconvenient Truth is a thriller.
____________________________________
____________________________________
Grammar Superlative adjectives
 We use superlative adjectives to compare one
thing with all the others in a group.
 We use the before a superlative.
a. Diana is the most best student in class.
____________________________________
b. The pacific is the bigger ocean in the world.
____________________________________
c. I bought the most cheap camera in the shop.

This house is the biggest in the street. ____________________________________

d. Jessica is the most attractivest girl in the
The blue shoes are the most expensive.
group
This is the most interesting book about mountain ____________________________________
climbing.

Grammar reference Grammar Reference – Likes and

old oldest preferences
Regular
cheap
one-syllable add -est We use like / love / hate / prefer with a noun or the
cheapest
adjectives –ing form of another verb to talk about likes and
new newest
interesting preferences.
the most
write most I love the theater but my friends prefer going
Longer interesting
before the
adjectives comfortable to the cinema.
adjective
the most We don’t like going to art galleries.
comfortable Do you prefer pop music to rap music?
Two-syllable funny
remove –y
adjectives funniest
that end in -y
and add -ier
busy busiest
Say what you like or dislike.
Irregular good the best I love his work.
adjectives bad the worst I hate listening those stupid kids singing.

Say you like one thing more than

15. Write the Superlative form of the following another.
adjectives.
I prefer traditional paintings to modern ones.
1. big the biggest I prefer watching movies or documentaries.
I like serious programs more than talent
2. pretty the prettiest
shows.
3. good
4. boring Ask someone their opinion.
5. small
Do you like …?
6. important
What do you think about …?
7. nice
8. valuable
9. warm
What do you like?
Work in pairs, ask and answer questions.
10. intelligent
a. Go/museums?
b. Listen/rap music?
16. Find and underline the mistakes. Then c. Watch/TV talent shows?
d. Go/modern art exhibitions?
correct them.

61
 17. Tick the sentence that has the same meaning as the first sentence.

1. I prefer Julie to Jane. 3. Do you like beef more than chicken?

a. I like Jane more than Julie. a. Do you prefer beef to chicken?
b. I like Julie more than Jane. b. Do you prefer chicken to beef?

2. I hate Banksy’s art. 4. Do you like Jazz more than classical music?
a. I don’t like Banksy’s art. a. Do you hate Jazz or classical music?
b. I love Banksy’s art. b. Do you prefer Jazz to classical
music?

18. Find and underline the mistakes. Then correct them.

a. I prefer comedy movies from action movies. ________________________________________

b. Do you liking classical music? ________________________________________

c. Catherine likes meat more of vegetables. ________________________________________

d. Michael love coffee in the morning. ________________________________________

e. Jena prefers tea of coffee. ________________________________________

f. My sister hates the walking. ________________________________________

g. Do you prefer reading to watch TV? ________________________________________

h. Do you prefer to eat Chinese food or Japanese food? __________________________________

19. Rewrite the sentences using prefer. Follow the examples.

Example:

I like Monet more than Picasso I prefer Monet to Picasso

She thinks drinking water is better than drinking fruit
She prefers drinking water to drinking fruit juice.
juice

1. Mike likes traditional art more than modern art. ______________________________

2. The children are more interested in playing than in reading. ______________________________

3. I think adventure movies are more exciting than horror movies. ______________________________

4. I like Italian food, but my favorite is French. ______________________________

5. Patty watches TV more than she listens to the radio. ______________________________

62
Connecting 11

UNIT
the world
 F
B

E
D

No more continents?
For centuries, natural barriers such as rivers, mountains and seas have made travel difficult. Now, with modern
technology, we are crossing these barriers all over the world.

Britain was an island for 8,000 years, but the Channel Tunnel opened in 1994 and connected Britain to
mainland Europe. The Oresund Bridge and tunnel opened in 2000 and connected Sweden to Denmark and the
rest of Europe. Now there are more projects to link different parts of the world. In Europe, the Italian
government is going to build a 3.3-kilometer-long bridge between Sicily and the Italian mainland. In Asia,
Indonesia is going to build the Sunda Strait Bridge between the islands of Java and Sumatra. It’s going to have
a road and a railway line on it.

But there are bigger projects, to join continents Spain and Morocco are thinking of building a tunnel connecting
Europe to Africa. There is a design for a 38-kilometer railway tunnel between Punta Lomas and the south coast
of Spain and Punta Malabata in northern Morocco, near Tangier. And the United States and Russia are
discussing a project to connect Alaska to Siberia, joining the continents of North America and Asia.

It is a wide world, but it’s certainly getting smaller.

Reading and vocabulary 2. Read the text quickly and choose the
1. Look at the map and answer the questions. correct option.
Is it about …
a. How many continents are there? What 1. the past and the present?
are they? 2. the past, the present and the future?
b. How do we travel between continents? 3. the present and the future?

64
 3. Match the places 1 – 6 with a – f. Then 5. Look at the words in the box and underline
match the pairs with A – F on the map. them in the text.
 Which three verbs have the same meaning?
1 Britain a the Italian mainland  Which three words are about geography?

2 Sicily b Denmark
connect continent island
3 Java c Sumatra
join link mainland
4 Alaska d mainland Europe
5 Sweden e Morocco 6. Complete the questions about the text with
6 Spain f Siberia words from the box, then write the answers.
1) When did a tunnel __________ Britain
4. Work in pairs and discuss the questions. to mainland Europe?
a. Can you think in any other places that a 2) What is going to link Java with the
bridge or tunnel can connect in the future? __________ of Sumatra?
b. Do you think connecting continents is a good 3) Which __________ is Siberia part of?
idea? What are the advantages or
disadvantages of this?

Grammar be going to
We use be going to talk about personal or impersonal intention, a strong wish to do something in the future.

We form be going to with the verb to be and the infinitive form of a verb.

I’m going to take my driving test next class.

Affirmative Negative Interrogative

I am going to am not going to Am I going to …?
You
aren’t (are not) going Are we/you/they going
We are going to
to to...?
They
He
She is going to isn’t (is not) going to Is he/she/it going to …?
It

Are you going to have a party for your birthday?

She is going to become the next president.

Impersonal intention.
Spain and Morocco are going to build a tunnel.
They are going to close the factory next year.

Personal Intentions.
I´m going to lose weight next year.
We´re going to visit Poland next summer.

65
 7. Write sentences ad questions with be going to. Follow the example.
Example:
Ford / build / a new electric car Ford is going to build a new electric car.

1. Your company / open / a new office / next year / ? _________________________________________

2. We / not / have / a holiday / next summer _________________________________________

3. The Americans / build / a tunnel / ? _________________________________________

4. Britain / not / build / any more airports _________________________________________

5. My parents / retire / next year _________________________________________

6. They / open / a new bridge / in 2030 _________________________________________

7. I / start / a new course / in September _________________________________________

8. Read the dialogue and answer the 1) Jean _______________ her grandparents.
questions. Then complete the sentences.
2) Jean´s grandparents _______________ to
Oscar: So, Jean. It is the start of summer holiday a small apartment.
next week. What are your plans?
3) Jean _______________ fly there.
Jean: We´re going to visit my parents in
Belgium. 4) She _______________ the car to the
Oscar: Are you going to take the children? station of Ashford.
5) Oscar _______________ away this
Jean: Yes, my grandparents are going to move
to a small apartment later this year, so summer.
this is our last chance to stay with them.
Oscar: Are you going to fly there? Speaking
9. What are your plans for your next trip?
Jean: No, we are going to take the train. Where are you going to go and how are you
going to get there?
Oscar: So, you are going to go through the
Channel tunnel? Vocabulary future time
Jean: Yes, I’m going to drive the car to the
station at Ashford and put it on the train. It 10. Tick the time expressions mentioned in the
is really exciting. What about you, Oscar? conversation from exercise 8.
Oscar: Well, I don’t have much money at the
moment, so I am not going to go away. I
By Saturday
am going to stay at home …
Jean: But that’s what you did last year!
In two years’ time
Oscar: I know. My life is really boring!
Last year
 What time of the year is it?
Later this year

 How is Jean going to get to Belgium?

Next summer

66
Next week
Next year
The day after tomorrow
The week after next
Three years from now
Today
Tomorrow
11. Now put the time expressions in the correct
order.
Example:
1 last year 2 today 3 …
12. Work with a partner and ask questions with
going to talk about your future intentions.
Use be going to.
What are you going to do tomorrow?
Reading
13. Read the text and write T for TRUE or F for
FALSE
Hello!!
We are Zac Efron and Vanessa
Hudgens from “High School Musical”
and we are going to travel to Peru in
June!
We are going to stay in Lima for a
week. We are going to visit some
friends there and we are going to have
a conference at Sheraton Hotel; at
night se are going to have a concert at
Monumental Stadium on June 19th.
Also, we are going to visit the National
Museum in San Borja and we are
going to have lunch in Choisca. We
are going to stay at “Los Delfines Hotel
in San Isidro; then we are going to
travel to Chiclayo on June 24th and we
are going to visit the “Seños de Sipan”
museum. We aren’t going to travel to
Trujillo because of problems of time,
buy maybe next opportunity. We are
also going to buy some souvenirs; we want to
remember Peru for the rest of our lives.
1. They are going to travel to San Borja.
2. They are going to stay in Lime for seven days.
3. They aren’t going to visit Chiclayo.
4. They are going have a conference.
5. There are going to visit the National Museum of
San Borja.
14. Put the words in the correct order.
1. you / to / tell / him / going / are / ?
_______________________________________
_______________________________________.
2. going / him / I’m / tell / no, / not / to
_______________________________________
_______________________________________.
3. later / are / what / do / you / going / to / ?
_______________________________________
_______________________________________.
4. watch / I’m / a / to / DVD / going
_______________________________________
_______________________________________.
5. Steve / going / is / to / be / the / barbecue / at /
?
_______________________________________
_______________________________________.
6. going / to / what / wear / you / are / ?
_______________________________________
_______________________________________.
15. Complete the following sentences with be
going to.
1. __________ Miguel and Maite __________ see
a film together?
2. After school, I __________ my sister´s house.
3. Cathy __________ walk in the mountains.
4. Peter __________ have a picnic this afternoon.
5. They __________ visit a museum.
6. The girls __________ see a film.
67
 16. Match the sentences.
1. Steve has got his tennis a. He is going to cook dinner.
racquet.
2. Paul’s kitchen. b. He is going to be a doctor.
3. Look at those black clouds. c. She is going to pay.
4. Sophie and Felicity are going to d. They are going to buy
the supermarket. something for dinner.
5. Felicity is getting her credit card e. You are going to drop it.
out of her bag.
6. Andrew is studying medicine. f. He is going to play tennis.
7. Be careful. g. It is going to rain.

Sandy’s schedule
17. Below is Sara’s schedule for next week. Read it and then answer the questions that follow in complete
sentences.

Time Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday

Meet Return
Doctor’s Attend a Go to Clean Visit
Morning with library
appointment conference gym apartment grandmother
boss books
Buy Buy
Cook, Take
groceries Go to Attend a food
Afternoon Go to gym prepare nephew to
for the gym conference for
for party the zoo
weekend party
Dinner Dinner
Movie with Do work Do the Relax at
Evening with with party
Dave reports ironing home
friends parents

Example:
What is Sandy going to do on Sunday morning? ____She is going to visit her grandmother.____

1. When Sandy is going to see the doctor?

__________________________________________________________________________________
2. How many times is Sandy going to the gym next week?
__________________________________________________________________________________
3. When is Sandy going to have a party?
__________________________________________________________________________________
4. Who is Sandy going to see a movie with?
__________________________________________________________________________________
5. When is Sandy going to have dinner with her parents?
__________________________________________________________________________________
6. What is Sandy going to do on Saturday before her party?
__________________________________________________________________________________
7. What is Sandy going to do during the day on Thursday?
__________________________________________________________________________________

68
Did you 12

UNIT
really do that?
 Skydiving
You are almost over your sense of apprehension but it’s still a
long way down! To any casual spectator on the ground you are
probably considered quite mad. There may be moments when
you feel you could agree. But right now, as you stand in the
doorway of your little plane – probably a Cessna – these are not
your immediate concerns. Even right up here you can feel
somewhat ‘grounded’. Your pack weighs heavily on your back,
the straps pull on your shoulders and legs, and your feet feel as if
they are nailed to the floor.

As an ‘experienced’ diver you can feel your adrenalin saying

“Jump! Do it now!” And you leap into space. Within ten seconds
of breaking contact with the little plane that is now disappearing
into the distance, the wind begins to offer bodily support, fighting
against the forces of gravity and holding you at a constant fall
speed.

Being completely unconnected to the world sends the adrenalin

rushing. You are soaring through the sky at two hundred
kilometers per hour, but you are in control. As a skydiver, you
know the time you have and you know that every movement of
your body, no matter how slight, will alter your direction and
speed. But you are in harmony with your ephemeral environment
and the thrill of the fall heightens your awareness, even if time
seems to have been suspended. Every nerve tingles with
excitement – and maybe just a little ‘fear’.

Below, on that undulating blanket, is where the spectators live. It

is also where you live – most of the time. Up here you know you
are alive. For 60 seconds – one minute – it is just you and the sky.

With two kilometers to go, the ground begins to rush towards you and you have a very real sense of the speed
at which you are plummeting towards solid earth. As you fall below 1500 meters, the panorama begins
expanding at a rapid rate. Ground – solid ground – is rushing up at you. A few brief seconds later you open
your life-saving chute. The wild rush of the wind suddenly transforms your ride into a peaceful descent to earth.
Your ears adjust to a reassuring sound – the strident tattoo of parachute cloth.

Gravity returns. At 70 meters the Earth is still charging up to meet you – and greet you! A few meters above
the ground you pull on the toggles, halt your descent, gently set your feet on the ground and casually walk
away. Very spectacular. Again, you have defied one of the great forces of nature, and you are unharmed.

Check your understanding Which one of these feelings is least felt by the
skydiver?
What is one of the great forces of nature that you
defy in skydiving?
fright ecstasy
_________________________________________
excitement freedom
When does a skydiver become conscious of the
speed at which he/she is falling towards the Write a phrase from paragraph three which means
ground? ‘a sense of freedom’.
_________________________________________ _________________________________________

70
A B

1. Read the text and match the TV programs with the photos.

19:10 The Countryside Today

Horse-riding and hiking are outdoor activities that many people enjoy. They are healthy and relaxing ways for
people to enjoy the countryside – walking is certainly an excellent way to get fit. But for farmers they can
have negative results. Today’s episode looks at the way horses and hikers can damage fields

19:30 The Holiday Show

Australia and New Zealand are now popular destinations for travelers from all over the world. This week
Jason Morris joins of young British students for an action/adventure holiday in Australia. After a long-haul
flight of 22 hours they are ready for the experience of a lifetime.

20:25 Extreme Sports Challenge

In today’s episode the young presenters Liam and Terri go bungee jumping for the first time. Liam loves
extreme challenges but there’s a serious problem – Terri is afraid of heights! Can she do bungee jump or
not? Watch tonight’s episode and find out.

2. Which do you think is the most exciting activity in the photos?

3. Read the extract of a conversation from one of the programs. Which program is it?

Jake: I’m here at Heathrow Airport with a group of Derek, No, we haven’t been to Australia.
friends from Lancaster University: Derek, Alison,
Monica, Tom and Alison. Today is the start Tom:
of an amazing adventure for them. In half Jake: So I guess you´re all very excited about
an hour they get on a plane to begin the those activities in Australia? Have you been
holiday of a lifetime. Derek, how are you horse-riding, hiking or bungee jumping
feeling right now? before?
Derek: To be honest, I’m feeling quite nervous … Tom: Alison and I have been horse-riding. We
nervous but excited. went when were in Scotland two years ago.
Jake: Why are you nervous? But Derek and Monica stayed in the hotel.
Derek: Well, it is my first long plane journey. I So they haven’t been horse-riding before.
haven’t been on a long-haul flight before so Monica: It was cold!
it is my first time … and Australia is a long Derek: But we all have been hiking. We went last
way away. year.
Jake: Are the rest of you experienced travelers? Jake: And have you been bungee jumping?
Alison: We’ve been to America. Derek: Oh no. we haven’t been bungee jumping. It
Monica: Yes, the three of us have been on a long- is the first time for all of us.
haul flight before. I went to Florida last year Monica: I’m very nervous about it.
with Tom and Alison.
Jake: Have you been to Australia?
Monica: No, we haven’t.

71
C D

4. Read again and tick the things the students have done before.

Monica Visit Australia Long-haul flight

Derek Hiking Bungee jumping
Tom Horse-riding Visit Australia
Alison Bungee jumping Visit America

Grammar Reference – Present Perfect Simple: Experiences

We use the Present Perfect to talk about actions
and experiences in the past when:
Affirmative Negative
We are talking about any time up to now.
haven´t gone
Have you been to America? I/we/you/they have
skidiving.
hasn´t gone
he/she/it has
We don’t say a definite time. skydiving.

We have met the president. Interrogative

Have I/we/you/they Gone skydiving?

We don’t use the Present Perfect with a specific Yes, I have.
past time. We use the Past Simple. No, I haven´t.
I didn’t have a holiday last year. Has he/she/it Gone skydiving?
We saw her yesterday.
Yes, he has.
No, he hasn´t.
We use the Present Perfect to talk about a past
experience for the first time.
Ever and Never
We have been to Florida …
We often use ever and never with the Present
When we give more information, we use the Past Perfect Simple when we are talking about
Simple. experience.
We have been to Florida; we went there two years
ago.

72
EVER In questions means at any point up until 6. Put the words in the correct order to make
now. sentences. Use Ever and Never.

 Have you ever gone skydiving? 1) been to China Have you ?

NEVER means at NO point up until now.
 He has never gone skydiving.
5. Complete the questions and answers.
___________________________________
2) adventure holiday you been Have on an ?
___________________________________
3) to We’ve New York and Boston been

1. A _______________ (you/ever/be) to ___________________________________

the USA? 4) horse-riding in been She’s Scotland
B Yes, I have.
___________________________________
2. A _______________ (you/ever/meet) a 5) bungee jumping they in New Zealand Have
famous person? been ?
B No, I _______________ (never/meet)
a famous person. ___________________________________

3. A _______________ (you/ever/play) Speaking. Ask your partners questions using

basketball?
B Yes, I_______________. Have you ever been to …?

If they answer Yes, find out when and where they

4. A _______________ (he/ever/write) a
did the activity and if they like it.
blog?
B No, he _______________ (never/write)
Have you ever been to …
a blog.

5. A _______________ (she/ever/be) late

for school? an IMAX cinema?
B Yes, she _______________!

6. A _______________ (you/ever/wear) a
long dress? a bullfight?
B No, I _______________ (never/wear)
a long dress.

7. A _______________ (they/ever/buy) a
computer game? a rock concert?
B Yes, they_______________.

What about you? – In pairs, ask and answer.

a wedding?
Have you ever …
• go to a rock concert?
• wear red trainers?
• try skateboarding? a circus?
• see a horror film?
• had a pet? Example:
• write a poem? A: Have you been to an IMAX cinema?
• be on TV? B: Yes, I have. I went last week.
• stand on your head? A: Did you like it?

73
 TRAVEL COMPANION
7. Discuss these questions. Lucy and Andy are friends from school. They met
each other by chance when they were both in Rio
 Have you ever been on a holiday with friends? de Janeiro. On Saturday, Lucy was worried
What was it like? because they decided to travel together. When
they were traveling to Salvador, Andy annoyed
 Who would your perfect travel companion be? Lucy because he talked a lot. When he fell asleep
Why?
on Monday afternoon, he started talking in his
 Which things from the box would annoy you sleep. When they were sunbathing on the beach
most about a travel companion? on Tuesday, Lucy was very tired. She was upset
because Andy was complaining about lots of
He/she
He/she He/she He/she is things. On Wednesday afternoon, Andy was
complains a
talks a lot snores lazy shouting a lot and annoying Lucy. Now, she feels
lot
she can’t travel with him anymore.
8. Read Lucy’s blog. Which things about travel
companions from question 3 in exercise 7 10. Lucy decides she doesn’t want to travel
are mentioned? with Andy anymore. Work in pairs and write:
a) what you think she says and
9. Read a summary of Lucy’s blog. Which b) how he reacts.
three things are different from now?
11. Listen to Lucy and Andy´s conversation
and compare it with yours.

My holiday in Brazil by Lucy Briggs

Sat 3rd
I can’t believe it! I’m in an internet café in Rio, 3500 miles from
home, and I’ve just met Andy, an old school friend from years
ago. I didn’t know he was here. It´s great to see him again and
it´s good to have a travel companion. We´re going sightseeing in
Rio this afternoon and we are going to travel to Salvador
together. It’s a long way but we´ve decided not to rent a car.
We´re going to use local transportation and go by bus. I might
practice my Portuguese with some of the other passengers.

Posted in Rio | no comments

Mon 5th
We´re staying in a really nice hotel. But there´s bad news. It´s
10:15 a.m. and Andy has already started to annoy me. He never
stops talking! He didn’t stop talking on the bus all the way from
Rio to Salvador … that´s nearly twenty-four hours! Oh well … I’m
sure it’ll get better. I hope it will … more latter!

Posted in Salvador | no comments

74
Mon 5th
Me again! 3:30 p.m. I can’t stand it! Andy hasn’t stopped talking yet; I now know everything about his
friends, his family, even his neighbor’s cat! He’s just fallen asleep but it isn’t really any better because
now he´s started snoring! Aggh!

Posted in Salvador | 2 comments

Tues 6th
12:30 p.m. – I’m exhausted! I didn´t get any sleep because of HIM. And I’ve just spent the whole
morning sunbathing on a really idyllic beach listening to Andy’s complaining about the weather, the
food and even the beach!
Posted in Salvador | 1 comment

Wed 7th
In a café – 2:30 p.m. Now he´s started singing to himself. I have to tell him I can’t travel with him
anymore. It isn’t going to be easy, but he´s driving me crazy. I’ll think of a reason of traveling on my
own because I really don’t want to offend him by telling the truth. I’m not sure what I’m going to say
though!
Posted in Salvador | no comments

13. Read the list of things to do for you and your

Grammar Present Perfect partner. Work in A/B pairs, ask and answer
Simple just, yet, already. questions about the things you have done or
12. Look at the next sentences and complete haven’t done.
the grammar with just, yet and already.
A: Have you booked your holiday yet?
a. I’ve just met Andy.
B: Yes, I have…
b. Andy has already started to annoy
me.
c. He hasn’t stopped talking yet. Student A Student B
d. Has Lucy told me yet?  book a  book a holiday
holiday  rent a car
 get dollars  buy shoes
We often use just, yet and already with the from bank  arrange for
Present Perfect Simple  buy camera someone to look
A. ________ means something has happened  plan which after cat
before now (probably sooner than sights to see  ask for time off
expected). It is usually used in positive  ask for time off work
sentences, before the main verb or at the work
end of the sentence.
B. ________ in negative sentences means
something has not happened, but will 14. Imagine you’ve just come back from a
probably happen at some point in the holiday and you want to tell your partner
future. In questions, we use it to find out if about it. Make notes (e.g. where did you
something has happened before now. It go? who did you go with? what did you do?
usually comes at the end of the negative etc.)
sentence/question.

C. ________ means something has happened 15. Work in pairs and take turns to talk about
a short time ago. It is usually used in your holidays. When you’re listening make
positive sentences. sure you ask questions and comments to
show you’re being a good listener.

75
 Star profile

Writing – A profile 4. Orlando broke his nose while he is playing

rugby. (G)
16. Read the Writing File. 5. He has a dog called sidi. (P)

Writing File – Error correction 6. Is he working in Hollywood at the moment. (P)

When you have finished your writing, always check: 19. Read the profile again. Answer the
questions.
• spelling
• punctuation  Who did Orlando go to school with?
• grammar  What did Orlando always want to be?
Then write your final draft.  Where did he study drama?
 What part did he play in The Lord of the Rings?
17. Read the profile. Find and correct six  How has he helped other people?
errors.  Why does the writer admire Orlando Bloom?

• two punctuation 20. Think about a famous person in the news

• two spelling who you admire and find out about them.
• two grammar Answer these questions. Make notes.
18. Look at these sentences about the actor.
Find and correct the errors. 1) Why is he/she famous?

(S = spelling, G = grammar, P = punctuation) 2) Why do you admire him/her?

3) When was he/she born?
1. Orlando Bloom is ofen in the newspapers. (S)
4) Has he/she got brothers and sisters?
2. His most exiting film is Pirates of the 5) Where did he/she go to school?
Caribbean. (S)
6) What does he/she do today?
3. When he was 15, he has had a tattoo. (G)

76
 21. Write a profile of the person you chose in
Exercise Use ‘famous person’ table and
your notes from Exercise 5.
Famous person
Paragraph 1
Introduction and why you admire him/her
… (name) is a great … (job). I admire him/ her
because of his/her.
Paragraph 2
Early life, education and career was
Paragraph 3
What he/she has done recently and why you
admire him/her
Grammar Practice
22. Complete the sentences with the present
perfect of the verb in brackets.
a. This is the first time I _______________ (eat)
here. The food is really good.
b. Dave _______________ never
_______________ (win) a prize before. He’s so
pleased!
c. _______________ Jamie _______________
(meet) Klara? I think he’d like her.
d. I _______________ (not do) anything like this
before. It’s great fun!
e. _______________ you ever _______________
(go) to a football match?
f. My parents _______________ (not be) here
before. It’s their first time.
g. _______________you _______________
(study) this before? You’re very good at it.
h. _______________ Abby _______________
(see) the new photo exhibition? She’d love it.
23. Write questions using you and the present
perfect.
1. travel / abroad?
______________________________________
2. be / a live concert?
______________________________________
3. take part / sports competition?
______________________________________
4. be / on TV ?
______________________________________
24. Answer the questions in exercise 2. If the
answer is yes, give more details. Use the
present perfect or simple past as
appropriate.
25. Choose the correct form of the verb. Then
listen and check.
Conversation 1
A: Have you tried / Did you try the new Korean
restaurant in town?
B: Yes, I have / did. We ’ve been / went there a
couple of times. We ’ve been / went last
weekend.
A: What have you thought / did you think of
it?
B: It was good, really good.
Conversation 2
C: I hate my job!
D: Have you ever thought / Did you ever think
about changing it?
C: Yes, I have / did, lots of times! In fact, I ’ve
spoken / spoke to my boss about it
yesterday.
D: Really? What has he said / did he say?
26. Underline the mistake in each sentence
and write the correct version.
a. Have you eaten well when you were in London?
______________________________________
b. This is only the second time I sleep in a tent.
______________________________________
c. I never went here before. It’s really beautiful.
______________________________________
77
 27. Present perfect: ever and never. Put the words in the correct order.

1. you ridden horse? Have a ever

_____________________________________

2. a competition. never We've won

_____________________________________

3. David a flown in Has plane? ever

_____________________________________

4. He's never ghost. seen a

_____________________________________

5. London. have never parents visited My

_____________________________________

6. your been Has sister ever late for school?

_____________________________________

28. Write about yourself

How often have you done these things? Follow the example.

Example:

(New York) I have never been to New York before.

1. (eat Chinese food)

_____________________________________

2. (drive a bus)

_____________________________________

3. (play golf)

_____________________________________

4. (fly in a helicopter)

_____________________________________

5. (be late for work or school)

_____________________________________

78
Growing old13

UNIT
 1. Work with a partner and discuss the next statements. To what extent do you think they are true?

a. How long you live depends on your lifestyle (diet, exercise, etc.)
b. How long you live depends on your genes.
c. Some people have unhealthy habits, but live a
long time.

2. Read the text quickly and match the

statements from the previous exercise with
the paragraphs (A – C)

3. Would you like to live to 120 years? Why? /

Why not?

How long am I going to

live?
A
Nobody really knows the answer to that question, but scientists are very in trying to understand the various
factors involved. Firstly, it depends a lot on what you eat. The country with the longest average lifespan is
Japan. On average, women live to 82.5 years and men live to 76.2 years. Scientists think that diet in Japan is a
major reason that Japanese people live a long time; they usually eat lots of fish and seafood and not much
junk food. As well as diet, lifestyle habits also seem to make difference to lifespan. On average, married people
live longer than single people and pet owners live longer than non-pet owners. Being mentally active and doing
physical exercise are also very important.

B
Studies of very old people, however, don’t always support the scientific theories. Many old people don’t eat
healthily and don’t do much exercise. Jeanne Calment, the world’s oldest person ever, goes against logical
scientific ideas. She was born in France in 1875 and died aged 122. Did she used to have good lifestyle
habits? Well, according to scientists, she had some very good habits: she did plenty of physical exercise and
used to ride a bicycle until she was 100. She was good at thinking positively and she didn’t use to worry about
things. Scientists are surprised, however, by her other habits: she used to be a heavy smoker – and only gave
up when she was 120. Also, she didn’t eat very healthily; she used to eat more than two pounds of chocolate a
week.

C
So, lifestyle is not the only factor in how long we live. Scientists know think that people are born with genes that
protect them from aging and diseases better than other people. For example, Jeanne Calment probably had a
gene that stopped her from getting cancer that other people may get aged forty or fifty. Some experts believe
that we can change our genes by eating low – calorie diet. Experiments with mice show that when they eat one
third fewer calories every day, they live forty percent longer. In human terms, however, and perhaps it´s best to
enjoy the days you have rather than be hungry all your life!

80
 4. Read the text again and decide if the statements are true (T) or false (F).

1) The Japanese diet has a very good effect on their lifespan.

2) Living with an animal generally decreases your lifespan.

3) Most very old people have always had healthy lifestyles

4) Some experts think that some people have natural protection from some disease.

5) Jeanne Calment got cancer when she was about fifty years old.

6) Some people think that eating fewer calories every day will increase your lifespan.

Grammar reference – past habits

We use used to + an infinitive to talk about habits and situations which happened repeatedly or over a long
period of time in the past, but don’t happen now or are not true anymore.

Mary used to play the violin, but now she doesn’t.

I didn’t use to like London, but now I love it.

I
You
Affirmative used to play the piano.
He / She
We / They
I
You
Negative didn’t use to do any exercise.
He / She
We / They
I
You
Interrogative Did use to live in the countryside?
He / She
We / They

Remembering the past

5. Complete the dialogue with phrases from the box.

did he use to wear glasses we used to live

there was plenty of long hair
wears contacts used to wear
he had all kinds used to be very chubby
used to be very thin where were

81
 Darinka: Kevin, look at these pictures of Kathe and Jim when they were little.
Kevin: Wow! Kathe _______________________ It is hard to believe that she is so thin now.
Look! Here’s a picture of Jim. _______________________?
Darinka: Yes, he did. He _______________________ lenses now.
Kevin: _______________________ these pictures taken?
Darinka: At my grandfather’s ranch. _______________________ there. It was a lot of fun.
_______________________ of animals and _______________________ space for us to play.
Kevin: Is this a picture of you with _______________________?
Darinka: That’s right. I _______________________ it in a ponytail.
Kevin: It’s funny how much people change over the years.

6. Write complete sentences with used to, didn’t use to or did (you) use to.

a. I / eat / a lot of junk food

________________________________________, but now I don’t.
b. I / not / worry about things
________________________________________, but I do now.
c. You / do regular physical exercise
________________________________________, when you were a child?
d. My father / do a lot of physical exercise
________________________________________, but he stopped in 2005 after an accident.
e. People / be more mentally active
________________________________________, 100 years ago?
f. My sister / not / like healthy food
________________________________________, now she loves it!

When I was a kid …

7. Read the following story.

When I was ten years old, I used to love basketball.

My father used to take me to see games on the
weekends. During the week I played on a team called
the Yanks. My mom and dad used to watch me play.
After the game we always used to go for an ice cream.

8. Now, write about you. How you used to be and what you used to do.

82
 9. Complete the sentences with these words in
the box.
didn’t use to used to use to
1. What did you ______________ throw
away?
2. We _____________ throw things away.
3. We _____________ keep things we might
want later.
10. Circle the correct words to complete each
sentence.
200 years ago...
1. ... people used to / didn’t use to make their
own clothes.
2. ... people used to / didn’t use to have mobile
phones.
3. ... people used to / didn’t use to read books.
4. ... people used to / didn’t use to watch TV.
12. Read the paragraph below and then write some things that Andy used to or didn’t use to, based in his
current activities.
A few months ago Andy went to the doctor. The doctor told him to change his life or she would be very ill.
Andy two years ago
1. Andy __used to smoke 20 cigarettes a day.
2. Andy ____________ TV for 6 hours every day.
3. Andy ____________ 2 liters of beer every night.
4. Andy _____________ pizza.
5. Andy ______________ his teeth and he _______
________ twice a week.
6. Andy _____________ to work and he
_____________ walk anywhere.
7. Andy _______________ meat 5 times a week.
8. He ____________ bacon for breakfast and he
___________ fruit.
9. He ____________ at 10 o’clock every day.
10. He ___________ to bed until 2 am.
5. ... people used to / didn’t use to drive cars.
6. ... people used to / didn’t use to walk
everywhere.
11. Complete these sentences with used to or
didn’t use to.
1. I _______________ play the guitar, but I do
now.
2. I _______________ ride a bike, but I don’t
any more.
3. I _______________ collect bugs, but I don’t
any more.
4. I _______________ enjoy getting up early,
but I do now.
5. I _______________ be worried about the
environment, but I am now.
6. I _______________ be afraid of flying, but
I’m not anymore.
7. I _______________ know how to use a
computer, but I do now.
Andy now
1. Andy doesn’t smoke anymore.
2. Andy only watches TV for an hour a day.
3. Andy doesn’t drink beer anymore.
4. Andy doesn’t eat pizza.
5. Any brushes his teeth 3 times a day and he
showers at least once a day.
6. Andy cycles to work and he runs once a day.
7. Andy doesn’t eat meat anymore.
8. He only eats fruit for breakfast and he doesn’t
eat sausages anymore.
9. He gets up at 7 am every day and go running.
10. He doesn’t go to bed late anymore.
83
 13. Put the words in the correct order.

1. a / be / to / here / used / There / cinema 4. She / to / a / 20 / smoke / cigarettes / used / day

________________________________________.
2. have / long / to / used / He / hair
________________________________________.
3. a / to / of / used / fast / I / lot / eat / food
________________________________________.
________________________________________.
5. It / to / expensive / very / used / be
________________________________________.
6. to / They / used / France / in / live
________________________________________.

14. Complete the sentence using the correct form of 'used to' and one of these verbs.

do sit play speak smoke buy have(x2)

1. He lived in Brazil until he was seven. He ___________Portuguese, but he's forgotten a lot of it now.
2. We _____________smartphones, or even internet in our houses. To go online you had to go to an internet
café or library or something.
3. She ____________ but she's given up now. She's really healthy these days.
4. We ____________ together when we were children, but I don't see them much anymore.
5. You used to live on the same road as me! ______________ sweets in that shop on the corner?
6. She ___________ any sport at all, but now she's in the basketball team and she loves it.
7. We always ______________ on the bridge with our legs hanging down, and throw sticks into the river.
8. I didn't recognize him because of his new beard. He ____________ a beard! He looks completely different
now.

15. Read the sentences and write them in the correct group.

- “Did you use to wear glasses? Yes, but I had an operation on my eyes”
- “I never used to go to football, I hate it. I can’t understand why people like it.”
- “We used to visit my grandmother every weekend. I love listening to her stories”
- “When I was a child, my hair used to be much blonder than now.”
- “I used to like his music before he went all hip-hop! But now…!”
- “I used to walk to school. I don’t like using the public transport and my mum doesn’t have a car anymore.”

CORRECT INCORRECT

84
Places14

UNIT
 Reading
1. Before reading answer the questions. Write S if you think the answer is Switzerland or
WA if you think the answer is Western Australia.

Where …
11
1. do people speak different languages in different cities?

2. can you explore the desert?

3. can you find beautiful beaches?

4. can you visit lakes in the mountains?

5. can you swim with dolphins?

2. Read the text and check your answers.

Switzerland is (1) one of Europe’s most

beautiful countries. Cities like Zurich seem like a
concrete jungle, and then you look up and see the
wonderful mountains of the Alps. (2) In the north the
landscape has a natural beauty, with green fields and
villages which look like the pictures on a chocolate box.
Each of Switzerland’s main cities has a different
character, form French speaking Geneva to German
Bern to Italian Lugano. Swiss people (3) are famous for
their efficiency, so travelling around the country is easy.
Switzerland’s beautiful lakes, clean air, and fields full of
flowers (4) attract visitors throughout the year.

Western Australia
Sun, adventure, a beautiful environment and friendly
people. This is what you will find on a holiday to Western
Australis.
Western Australia has a natural beauty, long days of
sunshine, clear blue skies, and fantastic beaches. (5)
Come to Western Australia to swim with the dolphins,
walk through the ancient forest, or sleep under the stars
in the Outback Desert. (6) Why not start your holiday in
the capital city of Western Australia, Perth? You can
spend an afternoon sitting outside a pub and enjoying a
cool drink with the locals.

86
 3. Read the sentences and mark the sentences true (T), false (F) or no information (NI).
Switzerland
1. The north is more beautiful than the South

2. The main language in Bern is German

3. It is difficult to travel from one city to another city.

Western Australia
4. Outback is a town

5. Perth is the capital of Western Australia

6. There are a lot of pubs

4. Phrases (1 – 6) in the text are ways of describing a tourist destination. Match the phrases to a similar
phrase below.

a. It’s a good idea to start your holiday … d. visit … in order to …

b. well-known because of … e. there are some very famous / beautiful / expensive
c. in the south / west / east … places …
f. Tourists like to visit this place all the year.
Speaking
Work with a partner and talk about the next questions.

 Is there a famous river or lake near where  Are there any cliffs or bays in your region?
you live?  Is there a peninsula near where you live?
 Do you prefer vacations near a beach or a  Does your country have a long coast?
mountain?

Grammar reference – will, may and might

We use will + a verb and won’t (will not) + a verb to make predictions about the future.

We use may (may not) / might (might not) + verb to talk about future possibilities

I
You
Affirmative may / might / will go.
He / she
We / they
I
You
Negative May not / might not / won’t go.
He / she
We / they
I
You
Interrogative will Go?
He / she
We / they
Yes, I will. / No, I won’t.

87
  When we make predictions that we are sure about, we use will.
 When we talk about possibilities that we are not sure about, we use may / might.

It might rain today so I’m going to take an umbrella.

He may not come to the party because he isn’t well.

5. Complete these sentences with may, might, will or won’t. More than one answer might be possible.

1. I don’t know, but the biggest island in Europe _______________ be Britain.

2. I think I _______________ definitely go for a walk this weekend.
3. They _______________ probably be here tomorrow.
4. I definitely _______________ have time to see you this evening, but we can meet tomorrow.
5. They haven’t decided, but they _______________ go to the beach on Monday.
6. I’m not sure, but Ben _______________ go fishing on the river this weekend.
7. I probably _______________ be able to go on holiday with you because I have too much work.
8. The letter _______________ arrive today. I only posted it this morning.

What about you?

Complete these sentences in your notebook. Then tell a partner.

Tomorrow, I might … This weekend, I may …

This evening I’ll Next week, I definitely
definitely … won’t …

Speaking
 How do you feel about these places as holiday
destinations? Work in pairs and say what you like and
dislike about each one.

 What place in the world would you

most like to visit? Why? Tell your
partner.

A: I’d most like to go to India. It looks

amazing.

B: Yes, it does. I’d love to go to South

Africa as well. I’ve always wanted to
visit Cape Town.
88
 Skin Color
Physical Descriptions Fair-skinned - Tanned - Dark-skinned
English Vocabulary Hair (Length)
Short - Medium length - Long

The language for physical descriptions in English is Hair (Style)

very specific depending on the physical Straight - Wavy - Curly
characteristic you are describing.
Facial Features
When giving physical descriptions, the two most Beard - Black Eye - Moustache - Pimples
common verbs to use are BE and HAVE, however, Other Features
they are quite specific. Mole - Scar - Wart - Wrinkles

We use BE for: height, weight, skin color. If you want to combine hair characteristics together
We use HAVE for: hair (length), hair (style), hair in the same sentence, then the structure is:
(color) and facial features.
Length + Style + Colour + Hair
Height
 Michael has short curly black hair.
Short - Medium height - Tall
 Mary has long wavy brown hair.
Weight
Skinny - Thin - Slim - Medium weight - chubby - fat
- overweight - obese

Countries & Nationalities

English Vocabulary
The word 'Nationality' is not often used in
spoken English. It is a formal and official
word and it appears more frequently in
written English. You will find the word
'Nationality' is used a lot in the travel
industry and for immigration.

We almost never say: What is your

nationality?
We usually say: Where are you from?
OR Where do you come from?

To tell someone your nationality you

DON'T say: My nationality is Chilean.
You say: I'm Chilean

89
 List of Countries, Nationalities and their Languages

Country Nationality Language

Laos Laotian Laotian
Latvia Latvian Latvian
Persian -
Afghanistan Afghan Lithuania Lithuanian Lithuanian
Pashto
Argentine Malay /
Argentina Spanish Malaysia Malaysian
Argentinian Malaysian
Australia Australian English Mexico Mexican Spanish
French / Morocco Moroccan Arabic / French
Belgium Belgian Netherlands Dutch Dutch
Flemish
Bolivia Bolivian Spanish New Zealand New Zealander English / Maori
Brazil Brazilian Portuguese Nicaragua Nicaraguan Spanish
Cambodia Cambodian Cambodian Norway Norwegian Norwegian
Cameroon Cameroonian French / English Panama Panamanian Spanish
Canada Canadian English / French Paraguay Paraguayan Spanish
Chile Chilean Spanish Peru Peruvian Spanish
China Chinese Chinese Tagalog /
Philippines Filipino
Colombia * Colombian Spanish Filipino
Costa Rica Costa Rican Spanish Poland Polish Polish
Cuba Cuban Spanish Portugal Portuguese Portuguese
Denmark Danish (Dane) Danish Puerto Rico Puerto Rican Spanish
Dominican Romania Romanian Romanian
Dominican Spanish Russia Russian Russian
Republic
Ecuador Ecuadorian Spanish Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabic
Egypt Egyptian Arabic Scotland Scottish English
El Salvador Salvadorian Spanish South Korea Korean Korean
England English English Spain Spanish Spanish
Estonia Estonian Estonian Sweden Swedish Swedish
Ethiopia Ethiopian Amharic German,
Finland Finnish Finnish Switzerland Swiss French, Italian,
Romansh
France French French
Taiwan Taiwanese Chinese
Germany German German
Tajikistan
Ghana Ghanaian English Tajik Tajik (Persian)
Greece Greek Greek Thailand Thai Thai
Guatemala Guatemalan Spanish Turkey Turkish Turkish
Haiti Haitian French / Creole Ukraine Ukrainian Ukrainian
Honduras Honduran Spanish (The) United
Indonesia Indonesian Indonesian British English
Kingdom
Iran Iranian Persian (The) United
American ** English
Ireland Irish Irish / English States
Israel Israeli Hebrew Uruguay Uruguayan Spanish
Italy Italian Italian Venezuela Venezuelan Spanish
Japan Japanese Japanese Vietnam Vietnamese Vietnamese
Jordan Jordanian Arabic Welsh / English
Wales Welsh
Kenya Kenyan Swahili

90
Parts of the Body
English Vocabulary
The Face – eye, nose, mouth, ear, cheek, chin,
nostril, eyebrow, eyelid, eyelash, lips.
Mouth – you use your mouth to talk, to eat and to
breathe.
Nose – You can smell things with your nose. You
can also breathe through your nose.
Nostrils – these are the two holes in your nose
The Arm and Hand
finger, palm, wrist, forearm, elbow, upper arm,
shoulder, thumb
The Hand and Fingers
hand, thumb, index finger, middle finger, ring finger,
little finger, nail, knuckle
The Leg and Foot
knee, leg, shin, calf (muscle), ankle, heel, foot, toe
ankle - the joint between your leg and your foot.
Internal Parts of the Body
heart - your heart pumps your blood around your body.
lungs - when you breathe, the air goes into your lungs.
veins - these transport blood through your body. They
are like little tubes.
brain - this is your 'thinking machine' inside your head.
throat - food goes down this to get to your stomach.
liver - the organ that cleans your blood.
stomach - your food goes here when you swallow it.
kidneys - the organs that process all your body waste.
skeleton - all of the bones in your body.
ribs - these are the bones that protect the organs in your
chest.
bones - your skeleton consists of many bones. There
are about 206 in your body.
skin - it covers almost the entire body and helps keep all
the organs and muscles in place.
Other Parts of the Body
head - neck - face - hair - tongue - tooth - back -
waist - chest - hip - thigh - muscles
91
92
93

Places in a City
English Vocabulary
airport - the place you go when you want to travel by
plane to another city.
bakery - you can buy fresh bread and cakes here.
bank - you deposit or withdraw/take out your money
here.
bookstore - a place where you can buy books and
magazines.
bus station - the place you go when you want to
travel by bus to another city.
butcher's - they sell fresh meat.
café - you can buy a cup of coffee and cakes or
sandwiches.
church - a religious place of worship
court - the place where they have trials and law
cases. A judge works here
craft market - a place that sells typical products
(normally hand-made) of a region/country.
department store - a large store that sells clothes,
household appliances etc. in sections.
cinema/movies - you can see the latest movies here.
Many people eat popcorn while they're here.
fire station - the building where firemen keep their
equipment including the fire-engine
gas / petrol station - the place you go to put petrol
(gas) in your car.
gym - you can do exercises, weight training and keep
fit here.
hairdresser's - you go here when you want to cut
your hair.
hospital - you go here when you need an operation
or someone is going to have a baby.
hotel - where you sleep when you visit another city.
gallery - you can see paintings and another works of
art.
jail / prison - criminals are sent here by a judge for a
number of days or years.
laundromat / launderette - a place where you can
wash your clothes in coin-operated machines.
library - a place where you can read and borrow
books.
museum - you can see many old objects (and
sometimes paintings)
pharmacy/drugstore - you can buy medicine and
(legal) drugs.
police station - you are taken here when you break
the law and are arrested
pub - a place where you can buy a beer or other
types alcoholic drinks
park - An area of public land in a city that contains an
area of grass where you can rest, play or walk your
dog. Sometimes children can play on swings, a slide
or a climbing frame here.
restaurant - you go here when you don't want to cook
at home. They prepare meals for you.
school - a place where children learn. You normally
start school at the age of 5.
square - an open area within a city in the shape of a
square. It is usually the heart of the city.
supermarket - a large store that sells food, drinks
and household items
video store - you rent a movie or a DVD for a couple
of days from this place.
zoo - a place where you can see many types of
animals in cages.

Days, Months & Seasons

English Vocabulary
The days of the week in English begin with CAPITAL letters.
Saturday and Sunday are known as the weekend.
Months of the Year
The months of the year in English begin with CAPITAL letters.

 January  July
 February  August
 March  September
 April  October
 May  November
 June  December

Seasons of the Year

 summer  spring
 winter  autumn / fall

94

Relatives and Extended
Family
grandparents: the parents of your parents
grandfather: the father of your father/mother
grandmother: the mother of your father/mother
grandchildren: the children of your children
great grandfather: the father of your
grandfather/grandmother
great grandmother: the mother of your
grandfather/grandmother
uncle: the brother (or brother-in-law) of your
mother/father
aunt: the sister (or sister-in-law) of your
mother/father
cousin: the child of your aunt/uncle
nephew: the male child of your brother/sister
niece: the female child of your brother/sister
The In-Laws
The in-laws are the members of the family of your
spouse (the person you are married to) or via a
marriage in your family:
father-in-law: the father of your spouse
mother-in-law: the mother of your spouse
son-in-law: the husband of your daughter
daughter-in-law: the wife of your son
brother-in-law: the husband of your sister
sister-in-law: the wife of your brother
The Family Mix
"Step-" means that you are related as a result of
one parent marrying again
stepfather: the (new) husband of your mother but
not your biological father
stepmother: the (new) wife of your father but not
your biological mother
stepson: the son of your (new) husband / wife (he
is not your biological son)
stepdaughter: the daughter of your (new) husband
/ wife (she is not your biological daughter)
stepsister: the daughter of your stepmother or
stepfather
stepbrother: the son of your stepmother or
stepfather
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 Common adjectives
English Vocabulary

96
97
 Regular Verbs

Past and Past and

Verb Verb
Participle Participle
Accept Accepted Clap Clapped

Achieve Achieved Clean Cleaned

Add Added Collect Collected

Admire Admired Compare Compared

Admit Admitted Complain Complained

Adopt Adopted Confess Confessed

Advise Advised Construct Constructed

Agree Agreed Control Controlled

Allow Allowed Copy Copied

Announce Announced Count Counted

Appreciate Appreciated Create Created

Approve Approved Cry Cried

Argue Argued Cycle Cycled

Arrive Arrived Damage Damaged

Ask Asked Dance Danced

Assist Assisted Deliver Delivered

Attack Attacked Destroy Destroyed

Bake Baked Divide Divided

Beg Begged Drag Dragged

Behave Behaved Earn Earned

Boil Boiled Employ Employed

Borrow Borrowed Encourage Encouraged

Brush Brushed Enjoy Enjoyed

Bury Buried Establish Established

Call Called Estimate Estimated

Challenge Challenged Exercise Exercised

Change Changed Expand Expanded

Chase Chased Explain Explained

Cheat Cheated Fry Fried

Cheer Cheered Gather Gathered

Chew Chewed Greet Greeted

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 Guess Guessed Pull Pulled
Harass Harassed Punch Punched
Hate Hated Punish Punished
Help Helped Purchase Purchased
Hope Hoped Push Pushed
Identify Identified Question Questioned
Interrupt Interrupted Race Raced
Introduce Introduced Relax Relaxed
Irritate Irritated Remember Remembered
Joke Joked Reply Replied
Jump Jumped Retire Retired
Kick Kicked Return Returned
Kill Killed Rub Rubbed
Kiss Kissed Scold Scolded
Laugh Laughed Select Selected
Lie Lied Smoke Smoked
Like Liked Snore Snored
Listen Listened Stare Stared
Love Loved Start Started
Marry Married Study Studied
Measure Measured Talk Talked
Move Moved Thank Thanked
Murder Murdered Travel Travelled
Need Needed Trouble Troubled
Obey Obeyed Type Typed
Offend Offended Use Used
Offer Offered Visit Visited
Open Opened Wait Waited
Paint Painted Walk Walked
Park Parked Want Wanted
Phone Phoned Warn Warned
Pick Picked Wink Winked
Play Played Worry Worried
Pray Prayed Yell Yelled
Print Printed

99
 Make Your Notes

100