UNIT 3  Refers to the material or means which the artist uses

to objectify one’s feelings or thought.

Artists 2. Technique
 Art practitioner.  Refers to an artist’s knowledge of his medium and his
skill in making it achieve what he wants it too.
 Creative individuals who use their imagination and skills
to communicate in an art form. Categories Based On Medium
 Look to many sources for inspiration. 1. Visual Art/Space Art
Artisans  Medium which can be seen and occupy space
1.1 Two Dimensional
 Craftsman.
 Useful, relevant, and essential in our everyday life. Painting - process of applying pigment on a smooth surface.

Three Stages Of Creative Process Painting Mediums

Germination  Encaustic - early mediums application of a mixture of

the half beeswax, resin and ground pigment to any
 Conceive the next project in your life. porous surface.
 Future you envision.  Tempera Paints - earth or mineral pigments mix with
 You are planting the seeds of your creation. Most egg yolk and egg white.
important and difficult thing in this stage is choosing.  Fresco Painting - earth pigments mixed with water on
Assimilation a plaster wall while the plaster is damp.
 Watercolor - tempered paint made with pure ground
 Crucial step where you plan, analyze it, and cultivate it pigment bound with gum Arabic.
with all available resources.  Oil Painting - ground on linseed oil is applied to primed
 Do not adapt it to your convenience. canvas.
Completion  Synthetic Paints - acrylic polymer emulsions as binders.
Mosaic - wall or floor decorations made of small cubes of
 Your energy will be small and likely dispersed with a
irregularly cut pieces of colored stone or glass called
new vision.
tesserae.
 Do not get entangled in small and never-ending details.
Stained Glass - important part of the gothic cathedral
The Production Process where translucent glass colored by mixing metallic oxides.
 Preproduction Tapestry - fabrics into which colored designs have been
 Production woven.
 Postproduction Drawing - most fundamental of all skills needed in visual
The Art World art.

1. Artists and Artist Group Photography - drawing with light.

 Producers of artwork. Printmaking - graphic image that results from a duplicating
2. Art Academy process.
 Formal institution for instruction about art practice and Print Making Mediums
production.
3. Art Writer (Art Historians, Art Critic) RELIEF PRINTING - involves cutting away a block of wood
 Write about art. or linoleum.
4. Art Collectors INTAGLIO PRINTING - design is etched into a metal plate.
 Patron of art.
5. Art Institutions PLANOGRAPHIC PROCESS – is one form of printing in
which surfaces have been treated chemically or
 Development and/or preservation of art.
mechanically.
6. Art Museums and Galleries
 Exhibition of arts and house of important artwork and STENCIL PRINTING - is done by cutting the design out of
artifacts. a special paper.
7. Art Curators
The Rule of Thirds
 Organizing exhibitions, researching and developing
themes for exhibitions, coordinating with artists. Useful composition techniques in photography.
8. Public Three Dimensional
 General audience of the art world.
 Sculpture – are three-dimensional forms constructed
Medium and Technique of Arts to represent the natural or imaginary shape.
1. Medium  Architecture – the art of designing and constructing a
building.
 Interior Design – is concerned with the selection of
space and furnishings.
 Landscaping – the artificial arrangement of land areas
to achieve a purely aesthetic effect.
Auditory/Time Arts - can be heard and which are expressed
in time.
Music – material is sound.
Literature – medium of literature is language.
Combined Arts – both be seen and heard.
Dance – body movements w/ or w/o sounds where dancers
uses their bodies to express and communicate feelings.
Theatre (Drama And Opera) - combination of literature,
acting costume design, stage design and music.
Cinema - extension of photography, it makes use several
shots, each shot made up to a series of pictorial.
Gawad sa Manlilikha ng Bayan Award (GAMABA) (NCCA,
2015)
 National Living Treasure Award
 It was institutionalized in April 1992 through Republic
Act No. 7355
ORDER OF NATIONAL ARTIST (ONA) (NCCA,2015) (Orden
ng Pambansang Alagad ng Sining)
This is the highest national recognition given to Filipino
individuals who made a significant contribution to the
development of the arts.
Fields of arts where artist are Recognized
National Artist for Architecture
 Juan F. Nakpil
National Artist for Film
 Kidlat Tahimik
National Artist for Visual Arts
 Fernando Amorsolo
National Artist for Literature
 Edith L. Tiempo
National Artist for Fashion Design
 Ramon Valera
National Artist for Theater Design
 Salvador F. Bernal
National Artist for Dance
 Alice Reyes
National Artist for Historical Literature
 Carlos Quirino
National Artist for Music
 Levi Celerio
Art curators need to learn by artists’:
1. Name
2. Educational background/Relevant history
3. Artwork
4. Exhibition/Performances
5. Award and Distinctions
6. Collections
7. Portfolio
Unit 4
Elements of Art
 “building blocks” of art
 Joined together in a variety of ways.
 Different forms of art have different elements.
Elements Of Visual Art
1. Line - most fundamental of elements of design.
 Horizontal Lines - indicate calmness and rest.
 Vertical Lines - they does not lean at all, strength,
balance, and stability.
 Diagonal Lines - indicate movement or action, stress,
frustration and defeat.
 Zigzag Lines - change direction suddenly, chaos,
conflict, confusion.
 Curved Lines – curvilinear, organic and natural.
 Actual Lines - the artist intentionally shows the line
in an artwork.
 Implied Lines - connecting lines where none actually
exists.
2. Shapes - interesting element of the visual arts.
 Geometric Shapes - regular and precise.
 Organic Shape - natural appearance.
 Biomorphic Shape – biological organisms.
 Amorphous Shape - exist without any basis from
either nature or geometry.
3. Form - three dimensions instead of two as shape.
4. Space – fascinated both the artists and the viewers.
5. Overlapping - the objects that are near will be seen as
complete or whole while the objects that are far would
be partly covered by objects in front of them.
6. Relative Size And Linear Perspective - the farther the
object is from the viewer, the smaller is the size of the
object.
7. Atmospheric Perspective - aerial perspective.
8. Color - most expressive element of art. It shares
powerful connections with emotion.
Physical Properties of Color
a. Hue – name for which color is known.
b. Value – lightness or darkness of color.
c. Intensity of Saturation – pureness of color, gray and
black.
Color Wheel
 Isaac Newton
 Twelve Colors
 Primary – yellow, blue, red.
 Secondary – violet, orange, green.
 Intermediate (tertiary) – blue violet, red violet, red
orange, yellow orange, yellow green, blue green
Type of Colors
 Primary colors
 Secondary colors
 Intermediate colors
 Tertiary colors
 Neutrals
 Warm and Cool colors
9. Texture – how the surface of the material feels and
looks like.
Types of Texture
 Actual Texture - real feel and look of the surface.
 Simulated Texture – looks real but is not.
 Abstract Texture - focus on one aspect of the real
texture and emphasized it.
 Invented Texture - product of artist imagination.
Elements of Music
Sound Components
 Pitch - highness or lowness.
 Intensity - volume of specific sound vibration.
 Duration – covers the span or time.
 Timber - quality of sound of an instrument.
The Primary and Secondary Elements of Sound
Components
The Primary Elements of Music
 Rhythm - organization of all elements of time.
 Melody - organization of the individual tones in
successive pitches.
 Harmony - process of simultaneous pitches.
The Secondary Elements of Music
 Texture - horizontal and vertical relationship among
tones.
 Dynamics - intensity of sound or volume.
 Form - principle of musical organization.
 Tone Color - quality of sound of a particular instrument
or voice.
Principles of Design
Balance - combining elements to add a feeling of
equilibrium or stability to a work of art.
 Symmetrical – formal.
 Asymmetrical – informal.
 Radial – radiate out.
Emphasis/Contrast - direct and focus the viewer’s attention.
Harmony - combining similar elements in artwork to accent
their similarities.
Variety - diversity and change.
Gradation – series of gradual changes.
Movement - look and feel of actions.
Rhythm - careful placement of repeated elements.
Proportion - relationship with the certain elements to the
whole and to each other.
Unit 5
Visual Arts
 Pre – Historic Period (40000 BC to 4,000 BC)
 start of art history started during the Prehistoric Era
 first art came from the Paleolithic Era, or during the
Old Stone
 One of the most famous Paleolithic cave paintings were
found in the caves of Lascaux, France Age
 Most cave painting seen depicted large animals and
vegetation
Ancient Period
 The known civilizations during these times are
Mesopotamian, Egyptian, Grecian and some of those
Americans
 considered more advanced than the people during the
pre-historic period.
 the art that they create served purposes. Some tell
their stories, some are decorated utilitarian objects like
weapons and bowls, and some are symbolic imagery
that sometimes shows their social status
 During this period, many of their works depict the
stories of their rulers, gods and goddesses.
Medieval Period
 also referred to as the “Dark Ages”,
 This follows the fall of the Roman Empire
 The artworks created during this time mostly reflect
darkness, and most distinguished by grotesque imagery
and harsh scenery.
 focus of the artworks are centered on the Church.
 Windows and Silhouettes were adorned because they
show scenes from mythology and biblical subjects.
Renaissance Period
 art was represented by the focus on individualism and
nature that can be seen through their style in painting,
decorative arts and sculpture
 they flourished during the 15th and 16th centuries,
parallel to the economic and social changes because of
secularization
 The key person during this time is the Italian designer
Filippo Brunelleschi and Donatello who is a sculptor.
 influential artists such as Leonardo Da Vinci, Raphael,
and Michelangelo
Mannerism
 The clash between the humanism and Christian faith
gave way to what we call Mannerism.
 Artists during this period emerged from the ideas of
Raphael and Michelangelo
 The most famous Mannerist includes Giorgio Vasari,
Domenica Beccafumi, and Francesco Salviati. One of
 the great Mannerist painter in Florence during his time
is Bronzino.
Baroque Period
 This period is distinguished by richness and grandeur
 extreme visual arts and architecture are known as the
Baroque Period
 Paintings during this period portrayed drama
 The known artists during this time were Caravaggio and
Rembrandt.
Rococo period
 Paris is the origin
 This period encompasses decorative art, architecture,
painting and sculpture.
 This period is characterized by elegance and lightness,
focuses on the use of asymmetrical designs, natural
forms and subtle colors.
Neoclassicism
 came from the elements of the classical age
 artworks that were discovered from the civilization of
Athens and Naples
 renewed the interest of artists in classical ideals of
harmony, proportion and simplicity.
 included modern and historically relevant depictions
in their artworks.
Romanticism
 embodied a large range of disciplines, form painting, to
literature, to music.
 presents the ideas that reject order, rationality, and
harmony, embraced during the classical art
 focused on passion, sensation and emotion rather than
reason and intellect
 Henry Fuseli is a known Romantic painter because he
created a strange, macabre painting that depicts dark
recesses of Human Psychology.
Contemporary Arts
 beginning of contemporary art stated during the
1970s.
 Some of the contemporary art depicts artworks that
are related to skepticism, philosophical critiques and
irony
 Art in this period used to express thoughts and
opinions and purposely showed to the public
 The medium that they use are computers, audio,
visual software and pixels.
MUSIC
Pre-historic Period
 the oldest known song traced back to 4,000 years
ago
 man during this time imitates the sounds around him
by using their hands, voices and feet
 they created new rhythms and sound by using tools
or beating sticks against rocks and trees.
 One of the oldest instruments is the flute. Flute
during prehistoric periods were created from the
hollow bone of a bear
Medieval Period
 focused on Christianity, songs during this period was
about God and worship.
 Music was only made up of one melody line with no
background music. . This is called Monophony.
 Monophonic songs are referred to as Gregorian chants,
it is named after Pope Gregory, the leader of the
Christian Church during the medieval period
 Polyphony is two melodic lines heard at the same time
and it is sung or played in harmony.
Renaissance Period
 the period wherein the great change in music
happened
 musicians are freer to create and show their individual
style in creating music and arts
 new instruments were introduced and became very
popular, lute and clavichord
 printing technology developed during this time,
musicians were allowed to write music and be it
available to a large crowd.
Baroque Music
 use to describe a style that followed the renaissance
in European music
 it means “strange” or “excessive”.
 music became more complex and difficult.
 music contains more than one melody than can be
harmonized or clash with others
 Orchestra is the group or ensemble of musical
instruments playing music together.
 Opera is a story with drama representation that is set
to music.
 prominent musicians during this time were Vivaldi, the
composer of four season concertos, and J.S Bach, the
maker of many of the present’s composing techniques
Classical Period
 music lasted for 70 years
 harmony became popular during this period,
 the father of the symphony and string quartets is
Joseph Haydn. He is also known as the most
influential composer during this period.
 introduces a lot of new instruments like the flute and
clarinet.
 the most prominent composer during this period is
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. He composed more than
600 symphonies, concertos and others.