 MECHANICAL SYSTEMS TRAINING

BEARING APPLICATIONS 210

Mechanical Systems Training
Class Information

Tooling U-SME classes are offered at the beginner, intermediate, and advanced levels. The
typical class consists of 12 to 25 lessons and will take approximately one hour to complete.

Class Name: Bearing Applications 210

This class describes different types of bearings, the operating conditions in

which they are used, and important considerations for proper installation and
Description:
maintenance of the major types of bearings available. Includes an Interactive
Lab.
 
Difficulty: Intermediate

Number of
20
Lessons:

Language: English, Spanish

Class Outline    Class Objectives

 Objectives  Define bearings.

 What Are Bearings?  List factors affecting bearing choice.
 Factors Affecting Bearing Selection  Describe plain bearings.
 Plain Bearings  Identify lubrication types for plain bearings
 Hydrostatic and Hydrodynamic Lubrication in offering the greatest friction-reducing
Plain Bearings properties.
 Boundary and Mixed-Film Lubrication in Plain  Identify lubrication types for plain bearings
Bearings offering compromised friction-reducing
properties.
 Journal Bearings
 Describe journal bearings.
 Thrust Bearings
 Describe plain thrust bearings.
 Anti-Friction Bearings
 Describe anti-friction bearings.
 Ball Bearings
 Identify the parts of a ball bearing.
 Angular and Thrust Ball Bearings
 Identify types of anti-friction bearings designed
 Roller Bearings
to resist thrust load.
 Types of Roller Bearings
 Describe roller bearings.
 Tapered Roller Bearings
 Distinguish between cylindrical, needle and
 Magnetic Bearings spherical roller bearings.
 Pros and Cons of Magnetic Bearings  Describe the unique features of tapered roller
 Bearing Assembly
 Causes and Symptoms of Bearing Fatigue
 Improper Lubrication of Bearings
 Summary
bearings.
 Describe magnetic bearings.
 Distinguish between magnetic bearings and
anti-friction bearings.
 Describe important considerations for installing
bearings.
 Identify the common symptoms of bearing
fatigue.
 Identify common symptoms of improper
lubrication.

Class Vocabulary

Vocabulary Term Definition

Any hard foreign material that wears down the surface of components. When abra
Abrasive
can break the lubrication film and cause damage.
A type of magnetic bearing requiring an external controlling system. Active magne
Active Magnetic Bearings
higher temperatures and support a higher load than passive magnetic bearings.
Angular Ball Bearings A type of ball bearing in which the contact angle of the balls to the raceway is ang
greater thrust load than possible with non-angular ball bearings. Angular ball bear
machines, including gearboxes.
A type of bearing using rolling motion to support a load and reduce friction. Anti-fr
Anti-Friction Bearing
friction than plain bearings.
Overheating that occurs when electricity flows from one surface to another. In bea
Arcing
when insufficient lubrication leads to extensive contact between moving surfaces.
A microscopic peak on a surface. Even surfaces that appear smooth contain man
Asperity
are in motion, contact between their asperities causes friction.
An imaginary straight line that passes through the center of an object. A cylindrica
Axis
rotates around its axis.
Axle A rotating shaft for a wheel or gear.
A metal alloy often used to line plain bearings. Babbitts are commonly made of lar
Babbitt
smaller amount of antimony, copper, and lead.
Ball Bearing A type of anti-friction bearing designed with metal balls that provide rolling motion
moving parts. Ball bearings are capable of operating at high speeds but cannot ca
roller-element bearings.
A friction-reducing device that allows one moving part to glide past another movin
Bearing
using a sliding or rolling mechanism.
Bore The diameter of an anti-friction bearing's shaft. The bore is also called the interior
A type of lubrication in which the bearing and shaft rub together in partial contact
Boundary Lubrication
of lubricant separating them.
A sign of damage in anti-friction bearings resulting from excessive load. Brinneling
Brinneling
the raceway.
Vocabulary Term Definition
A type of plain bearing with a wall thickness between 1/16 and 1/2 inch designed
Bushing
motion. Bushings are often used in oil pumps, electric motors, and alternators.
A part found in some anti-friction bearings that separates and prevents rolling elem
Cage
sliding against each other.
Conrad Ball Bearing A type of ball bearing that can accept both radial and thrust loads. It is also called
because a cage keeps the bearings from moving. The Conrad ball bearing carries
fill-slot bearing.
Contact Angle The angle at which rolling elements of an anti-friction bearing contact the bearing
A rotating shaft with offset sections that transfers rotational motion into reciprocati
Crankshaft
Crankshafts are used to power the pistons in an engine and to move the ram of a
Cylindrical Roller Bearing The most common and basic type of roller bearing designed with cylinders of sligh
width. Cylindrical bearings commonly operate in high speed, high radial load envir
are low.
Double-Row Bearing A type of roller-element bearing consisting of a double-row of rolling elements. Be
accept a greater amount of load than single-row designs. In some cases, a double
possible for load to be carried in two directions.
A type of spherical roller bearing that can carry 30% more radial load than single-
Double-Row Spherical Roller Bearing
bearings.
Unproductive blocks of time during which operations cease to function, normally d
Downtime
or a lack of materials.
An extreme form of electrical pitting. Fluting appears as closely spaced lines runn
Electrical Fluting
shaft.
A sign of damage in improperly lubricated bearings used in electrical equipment. A
Electrical Pitting
visible to the naked eye, pitting appears as either frosted or darkened spots.
Electromagnetic Pertaining to a type of magnetism produced by an electrical current.
A type of material that is highly attracted to magnets and can become permanentl
Ferromagnetic Material
ferromagnetic materials are iron and nickel.
Fill-Slot Bearing A type of ball bearing that can accept relatively high radial loads, but very little thr
the inner and outer rings that permit filling the bearing to capacity with balls once
aligned.
Flanged End A projecting rim or edge designed to increase stiffness and support greater thrust
A type of thrust ball bearing designed to accept some misalignment, but with a lim
Flat-Race Thrust Bearing
and operate at high speeds.
A plain bearing operating using hydrodynamic lubrication. Fluid film bearings are a
Fluid Film Bearing
bearings.
A type of roller-element bearing consisting of four rows of bearings. Bearings with
Four-Row Bearings
elements accept a greater amount of load than single-row designs.
The resistance between the contact surfaces of two objects. Friction generates he
Friction
between components.
A type of thrust ball bearing designed with a grooved raceway. The grooved-race
Grooved-Race Thrust Ball Bearing
at higher speeds and carry a higher load than flat-race thrust bearings.
Vocabulary Term Definition
A plain bearing operating using hydrodynamic lubrication. Hydrodynamic bearings
Hydrodynamic Bearing
bearings.
Hydrodynamic Lubrication A type of lubrication in which a lubricant film completely separates two surfaces in
lubrication is achieved when a bearing rotates quickly enough for lubrication to flo
cover its entire surface. Hydrodynamic lubrication is also called full-fluid lubricatio
A type of lubrication in which moving surfaces are separated externally by a highly
Hydrostatic Lubrication
air, oil, or water. Hydrostatic lubrication is expensive and its use is limited.
ID The diameter of an anti-friction bearing's shaft. The ID is also called the bore.
Inner Ring The inside portion of an anti-friction bearing that contains the rolling elements.
Journal The shaft of a journal bearing. The journal is softer than the outer casing of the be
Journal Bearing A type of plain bearing designed to reduce friction by supporting radial loads. Jour
when the load is light and motion is relatively continuous, such as in crankshafts.
called radial or sleeve bearings.
A type of plain thrust bearing capable of high thrust capacity able to operate even
Kingsbury Thrust Bearing
significant misalignment.
A numerical expression of the relationship between the length and diameter of an
Length-To-Diameter Ratio
length of the rolling elements in a needle roller bearing is four times greater than t
The overall force that is applied to a material or structure. Bearings must support
Load
various machine loads during operation.
A substance used to reduce friction between two surfaces in relative motion. Oil a
Lubricant
industrial lubricants.
Magnetic Bearing A bearing that uses magnetic forces to support the rotating shaft and carry a load
Magnetic Flux Path The direction and flow of the magnetic forces of attraction created by a magnet.
A type of lubrication in which bearings support their load partially with a boundary
Mixed-Film Lubrication
a hydrodynamic lubrication.
A type of cylindrical bearing with long, thin rollers at least four times greater in len
Needle Roller Bearing
Needle roller bearings have the highest radial load capacity in relation to their heig
A type of ball bearing that can accept both radial and thrust loads, because its cag
Non-Fill Slot Ball Bearing
moving. However, it carries a smaller radial load than a fill-slot bearing. It is also c
OD The largest diameter of an anti-friction bearing indicating its overall size.
Oil Inlet An opening on a bearing where lubricant is supplied.
Outer Ring The outside portion of an anti-friction bearing that contains the rolling elements.
Passive Magnetic Bearings A type of magnetic bearing that does not require an external controlling system. P
are not capable of operating under as high of temperatures or sustain as high of a
bearings.
Perpendicular Forming a 90° right angle. The corner of a piece of paper is forms perpendicular li
A type of bearing using a sliding motion to reduce friction. Types of plain bearings
Plain Bearing
plain thrust bearings, and bushings.
Plain Thrust Bearing A type of thrust bearing consisting of two parts: a wedged lower section which red
accommodates lubrication, and a rotating upper section. Plain thrust bearings are
Vocabulary Term Definition
journal bearings, such as in crankshafts.
The grooves within an anti-friction bearing that run along the middle of the inside a
Raceway
The raceway provides a path for the balls or rolling elements.
Radial Load Force that is applied perpendicular to the axis of a bearing's shaft. Radial loads ar
A cylindrically shaped rolling element that decreases friction when used in a rollin
Roller
bearing.
A type of anti-friction bearing designed with rollers that provide rolling motion and
Roller Bearing
moving parts. Roller bearings demand slower speeds than ball bearings, but they
A type of bearing using rolling motion to support a load and reduce friction.Rolling
Rolling-Element Bearing
less friction than plain bearings. They are also called anti-friction bearings.
Rotor A rotating component used together with a stationary part, the stator, in magnetic
Damage done to plain bearings due to direct contact between moving parts. Scor
Scoring
scratches in the direction of motion.
A rod on which wheels, gears, and bearings rotate, or a rod that rotates within the
Shaft
by limiting the friction applied to shafts.
A type of roller-element bearing consisting of a single row of rolling elements. Bea
Single-Row Bearing accept less load than double and multi-row designs. In some bearing styles, a sin
can support load in one direction only.
A type of plain bearing designed to reduce friction by supporting radial loads. Jour
Sleeve Bearing when the load is light and motion is relatively continuous, such as in crankshafts.
called journal bearings.
A sign of damage in anti-friction bearings resulting from normal use or excessive l
Spalling
fractures in the raceway.
A type of roller bearing featuring a spherical barrel shape that allows the compone
Spherical Roller Bearing
in addition to high radial load.
The initial friction caused when a machine begins operation. Start-up friction is gre
Start-Up Friction
takes place once components are in motion.
Stator A stationary component used together with a rotating part, the rotor, in magnetic b
A type of roller bearing featuring tapered inner and outer ring raceways and rollers
Tapered Roller Bearing
can withstand high radial and thrust loads.
Teflon A solid lubricant used to coat surfaces and reduce friction.
A type of lubrication in which the lubricant film becomes too thin to separate a bea
Thin-Film Lubrication
This can happen when the shaft does not rotate quickly enough to allow for hydro
Thrust Ball Bearing A type of ball bearing designed specifically to handle thrust load.
A type of bearing designed to reduce friction by carrying thrust or axial loads. Thru
Thrust Bearing
plain or anti-friction bearings. The type of component supported determines the ty
Thrust Load Force that is applied parallel to the bearing's axis. Thrust loads are also called axi
The resistance to flow of a fluid or semi-fluid substance. Viscosity is one of the mo
Viscosity
consider when selecting a lubricant.
Washer A thin disc with a hole in the middle used to support load when using bearings or
Vocabulary Term Definition
used to support thrust ball bearings.