PROJECT IN ADVANCE MATH

Topic: Heaviside Step Function

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 Problem Set
Heaviside Step Function

{
1 , 0<t<2

2t – 4 , 2<t<5
1) F(t) =
7, t>5

F(t) α (t-c) = 1 α (t-0) - 1 α (t-2) + (2t-4) α (t-2) – (2t-4) α (t-5) + 7 α (t-5)

F(t-c) α (t-c) = 1 - 1 α (t-2) + [2 [(t-2) + 2] –4] α (t-2) – [2 [(t-5) +5] –4] α (t-5) + 7 α (t-5)

= 1 - 1 α (t-2) + [2 (t-2) +0] α (t-2) – [2 (t-5) +6] α (t-5) + 7 α (t-5)

= 1 - 1 α (t-2) + 2(t-2) α (t-2) + 0 α (t-2) – 2(t-5) α (t-5) - 6 α (t-5) + 7 α (t-5)

= L { 1 - 1 α (t-2) + 2 (t-2) α (t-2) – 2(t-5) α (t-5) + 1 α (t-5)}

f(s) = 1 + 2e-2s – 2e-5s - e-2s + e-5s

s s2 s2 s s

t , 0<t<1
2) y’ - 4y = f(t) , y(0) = 0 where f(t) = { 0 , t>1

Transform of derivative
1 e− s
s’f(s) – y(0) – 4f(s)= −
s2 s2
−s −s
1 e 1 e 1
f(s)[s-4]= 2 − 2
= 2
− 2
=(1−e−s )( 2 )
s s s ( s−4 ) s ( s−4 ) s ( s−4 )

Partial Fraction
1 A B C
= + 2+
s ( s−4 ) s s ( s−4 )
2
1 = As + B(s-4) + C s2
1 = As + Bs – 4B + C s2

Constant Coeff. of s Coeff. of s2

1 = -4B A+B=0 C=0
1 1
B=- A=
4 4

1 A B C 1 1
= + 2+ = − 2
s (s−4) s s s−4 4s 4s
2

Subtitute:
−s 1
f(s)¿(1−e )( 2
)
s ( s−4 )
−s 1 1
f ( s )=(1−e )( − 2 )
4s 4s

1 1 −s 1 1
f ( s )= − 2 −e [ − 2 ]
4s 4s 4s 4 s

By Inverse Laplace, the above equation becomes:

1 1 1 1
f(t) = − t− α ( t−1 )+ t α (t−1)
4 4 4 4