Pop art is a visual art movement that emerged in the mid-1950s in Due to the U.S.
the U.S. occupation during the big band era, the Phippines
Britain and in parallel in the late 1950s in the United States. The
coinage of the term Pop Art is often credited to British art critic and
curator Lawrence Alloway, in an essay titled "The Arts and the Mass
Media," although the term he uses is "popular mass culture."  independent, American influence was still strong as rock and roll
Nevertheless, Alloway was one of the leading critics to defend mass
culture and Pop Art as a legitimate art form.
Characterized by themes and techniques drawn from popular mass
culture, such as the movies and comic books, the art form is widely
interpreted as either a reaction to the then-dominant ideas of
abstract expressionism or an expansion upon them. Pop Art, like
pop music, aims to employ images of the popular as opposed to
elitist culture in art, emphasizing the banal or kitschy elements of
any given culture. It has also been defined by the artists' use of
mechanical means of reproduction or rendering techniques that
downplay the expressive hand of the artist. Pop art at times targets
a broad audience, and often claims that it is what it's all about.
shared a common music history with America in the early
development of the recording industry through the forties. Even
during the 1950s the Phillipines after the nation became
became popular. By 1963 the Rocky Fellers became the first Filipino
rock band to hit the American charts with a song called "Killer Joe,"
reaching the national top 20. By the early seventies many Filipino
bands were no longer singing in English, adopting their native
languages for their recordings. The mixing of both Tagalog and
English in songs produced a new genre of "Taglish" music.
The Manila Sound came to represent a huge body of melodic pop
music starting in the early seventies. The rock band Hotdog
introduced much of groundwork through a string of successful
singles such as "Manila," "Bongga Ka Day" and "Annie
Batungbakal." The term came to be used to describe a lot of popular
music and not just rock, usually involving orchestration with catchy
hooks. After awhile the Manila Sound became synonymous with
predictable formula music designed to sell units based on whatever
sound had the most commercial power. A wave of humorous songs
dominated the genre for awhile until the late seventies when disco
became the dominant Manila Sound. Labels that produced a lot of
Manila Sound hits include Villar, Alpha and Victor Music. Following
the disco era "OPM" became the term to describe the mainstream.
 MUSIC
The formative years of Philippine cinema, starting from the 1930s, were a
time of discovering the film genre as a new medium
of art. Scripts and characterisations in films came from popular theatre and
familiar local literature. Nationalistic films were also quite popular, although
they were labeled as being too subversive.
The 1940s and the war brought to the Philippine cinema the consciousness

ARTS
of reality. Movie themes consisting primarily of war and heroism had proven
to be a huge hit among local audiences.
The 1950s saw the first golden age of Philippine cinema with the emergence
of more artistic and mature films, and significant improvement in cinematic
techniques among filmmakers. Award-giving bodies were first instituted

FILMS
during this period. When the decade was drawing to a close, the studio
system monopoly came under siege as a result of labor-management
conflicts, and by the 1960s, the artistry established in the previous years was
already on the decline. This era can be characterized by
rampant commercialism, fan movies, soft porn films, action flicks,
and western spin-offs.
The 1970s and 1980s were turbulent years for the industry, bringing both
positive and negative changes. The films in this period now dealt with more
serious topics following the Martial Law era. In addition, action and sex films
developed further, introducing more explicit subject matter.
The 1990s saw the emerging popularity of slasher movies, teen-oriented
romantic comedies, as well as sexually explicit adult films, although slapstick
comedies still draw a large audience. Genres of previous decades had been
recycled with almost the same stories, and love teams, which had been
popular in the past, have reemerged.
Over the years, however, the film industry has registered a steady decline in
movie viewership from 131 million in 1996 to 63 million in 2004 Although the
industry has undergone turbulent times, the 21st century saw the rebirth of
independent filmmaking through the use of digital technology, and a number
of films have once again earned international recognition and prestige.