MIL: Media and Information Languages (UNIT 6)
- competition among players including game shows,
Codes
- Structure and arrangement of signs that are decoded to
produce meaning.
Three (3) General Types of Codes
1. Technical
2. Symbolic
3. Written
Technical Codes
- utilize tools or equipment to convey a certain
message to media.
Ex: camera world, editing, lighting, and audio mixing
Camera angles
- how the camera is placed and how objects, people,
and places are shot
Lighting
- selective use of natural or artificial light to create a
certain effect
Symbolic Codes
- association and connotation reflected in the physical
aspect of the objects, colors, or even animals
Ex: setting, clothing, verbal and non-verbal gestures
like facial expressions and tone.
Written Codes
- buzzwords like new, fresh, and cool that may seem
pleasant to bear yet have an empty value.
- a catchphrase is an easily remembered expression
that has been associated with certain products.
Ex: “we find ways” “just do it”
Convention
- rules or norms on how codes are organized and
presented to the audience
- the expectations of the audience must be addressed
using these commonly accepted ways of creating
meaning or else the audience will feel dissatisfied,
confused, or out of place after the experience.
Genre
- any kind or type of media that has a common set of
characteristics, styles, and techniques recognized by
both producers and audiences.
Television Genre Based on Level of Emotionality and
Objectivity
1. Contest
2. Actualities
3. Persuasions
4. Dramas
Contest
quizzes, and sports.
Actualities
- news, documentary, and reality programming. They
are objective and unemotional in principle.
Persuasions
- low on both dimensions and reflect an intention by
the sender to persuade, especially by advertising or
promoting some form of advocacy or propaganda
Dramas
- almost all fictional storytelling and a wide range of
genres
Analysis of codes, conventions, and messages
TAP Questioning model
- Text, Audience, and Production
- one common framework to asses and evaluate media
Text
- any form of media that is being examined and
scrutinized
- analyzing various media forms
Ex: film, tv show, advertisement, radio program,
photograph, video game, newspaper, trailer, brochure,
editorial, web page, multimedia, blog, database, etc.
Audience
- anyone who receives media
- using the Audience Framework, people discover
implicit and explicit ideas created for certain groups of
consumers for a particular reason
- analysis is done by questioning to whom this
particular text is intended, why this is created, how
people will interpret it, and what values are
underrepresented or emphasized
Production
- creating different types of media
- guided by the Production Framework, people will
examine the context of the media, who owns the
media and why they created it, how the media were
distributed, and what rules affect the production
process.
UNIT 7: Legal, Ethical, and Societal Issues in Media
Information
Ethics
- moral guide and standard for one’s actions
Virtual Self
- a trail that is constantly filed and stored, this trail
creates our new identities.
Digital Divide
- “gap” found between individuals, social classes,
businesses, and even countries with different
socioeconomic backgrounds and their ability to access
and use information communications technology
- traditionally, its basis was on the question of having
or not having access.
- and the idea of “being left behind” in the digital
literacy race does exist.
- this digital divide is not limited to the physical,
material, and technical gaps but also tackles a gap in
digital knowledge
The ILOVEYOU virus posed a s a love confession, would
send itself to users’ mailing lists and overwrite files,
making computers unbootable. One of the most
harmful ever created, damages were upwards of $10
billion.
Netiquette
- “internet etiquette”
- rules or conventions of correct behavior and
politeness in online situations
- coined by Virginia Shea in her book “Netiquette”
- the very basic rule is on the do’s and don’ts of email
communication (Subject line, salutation, introduction,
concise body, opening, and closing lines)
When we go online, our virtual selves enter
Cyberspace, which has its own unique culture.
Digital natives
- people that have grown up in the age of the internet
or the digital age
Digital immigrants
- born years before them only acquiring familiarity with
these digital technologies and systems as an adult.
Dangers of Technology
1. Cyberbullying
- any form of harassment that happens over the
internet
- when a communications technology like a computer,
smartphone, or other devices is used to deliberately
damage or hurt others through aggressive behaviors.
- some of these hostile behaviors include, but are not
limited to, sending malicious or hate text messages,
and posting or sharing antagonistic comments or
messages on social media. These actions were
purposely done to embarrass, shame, and even
degrade other people.
2. Copyright infringement
- misuse of information protected by copyright law
without permission. Most cases of these include
plagiarism and piracy.
3. Computer or internet addiction
- dependence of some individuals and their inability to
control the use of these devices and technologies often
stopping their normal activities daily.
- they also show signs of distress and or irritability
when weaned off these devices. Their sometimes
complete reliance on this technology often leads to
other issues like violent behaviors, lack of sleep, and
inability to focus on other tasks.
Your virtual identity is important when navigating the
digital world.
Copyright Law
*400,000 cases of plagiarism in the Philippines
Freedom and Responsibility
- each individual is entitled to their opinions.
- also known as free speech or freedom of expression
- due to digital technology, we get to spread our ideas
and info faster and easier.
“Everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and
expression…” - United Nations Declaration of Human
Rights (UNDHR)
Ideology
- set of beliefs/principles belonging to an individual or
group that can be viewed as a complete vision, or a
way of looking at things. And with this, ideologies will
clash, and one's freedom of expression might hinder or
negatively affect another’s.
Republic Act No. 8293 (Philippine Copyright Law)
- any original tangible material with a known creator of
a published book, research paper, journal article, web
content, pictures, graphics, music, or videos is
protected under this law.
- original tangible materials include those of content
and information published physically or online on the
internet.
Intellectual Property Code
- rights of a copyright holder to the attribution,
integrity of ownership, and protection of all their
original works.
Fair Use Policy
- non-profit educational institutions and libraries are
allowed to use someone else’s original and copyrighted
work guided by specific rules and guidelines
- also covers unpublished works in the Philippines.
Freedom of Information Bill
- every Filipino citizen can have access to all
information about all government agencies in the
country. All information about policy development,
including research conducted, official acts, decisions,
and transactions can be accessed by any Filipino
- seeks to promote transparency and good leadership
in the government
Current Issues on the Copyright Law
The Anti-Camcording Act of 2010
- seeks to eradicate one of the rampant problems of
the Philippine film industry (Film Piracy)
- penalizes illegal video recording, distribution, selling,
and possession of unlicensed films.
Piracy
- the act of illegally copying someone’s product or
invention with proper permission
- similar to plagiarism but piracy is geared more toward
redistribution and profiteering
Censorship
- subduing, and or prohibition any part of books, films,
news, language, and information that are considered
indecent, politically or socially unacceptable, or a
threat to security.
MTRCB (Movie and Television Review and Classification
Board)
- in charge of regulating what televisions and movies
show to the public. They are also in charge of rating TV
shows and films accordingly.
OMB (Optical Media Board)
- under the office of the president
- implements the rules and regulations under the
Optical Media Act of 2003.
- the key government agency in battling film, video,
and music piracy in the Philippines.
IPOPHIL (Intellectual Property Office of The Philippines)
- the government agency that grants patents to
innovative inventions and protects these individuals by
strictly enforcing the intellectual property rights of the
country.
Patent
- license from a governing authority to an inventor, or
creator of original content or invention, for a right of
title for a set period of time.
- an invention or creation with a patent excludes other
people from making, using, or selling it without
permission not under the guidelines of the Fair Use
Policy.
PIRACY is a very rampant problem in copyright law
The internet helps propagate this theft through
TORRENT SITES and ILLEGAL DOWNLOADS
MIL: Opportunities, Challenges, and Power Of Media
and Information (UNIT 8)
The Power of Media and Information
Economical
- E-commerce (Electronic Commerce): the use of
technology or any connected network (typically the
internet) in order to complete a business transaction.
- the process of selecting an item, choosing the correct
specification, opting for the preferred payment
method, and up to the delivery process is managed by
e-commerce. (ex: lazada and shopee)
- aside from e-commerce, business organizations now
start to maximize the capabilities of social media for
advertisements.
- this method allows businesses to reach the same, if
not a greater, number of consumers with minimal
investment, compared t advertising using traditional
media
- for fast-moving economies, digital media and info are
already considered indispensable.
Educational
- learning is no longer enclosed in the four corners of
the classroom. Learning management systems (LMS)
allows educational institutions to deliver learning
materials with the use of an online platform. These
platforms can be used to upload files, assign online
activities, and facilitate quizzes and examinations even
if students are not within the premise of the school.
TOP PAID LMS Popular free LMS
✔ TalentLMS ✔ Moodle
✔ Bridge LMS ✔ Edmodo
✔ Canvas
*Educational institutions may also have their
proprietary LMS designed and can only be used
privately by the members of their school.
- LMS is often associated with the term “blended
learning”, which is characterized by face-to-face
interactions between teachers and students combined
or “blended” with internet-based activities, which can
be completed using the system.
- aside from LMS, online tutorials are gaining
popularity, as these websites provide a rich learning
experience which is conveniently available anywhere, is
free of charge, and accessible to anyone regardless of
age, gender, or race.
Social
- several aspects of life now revolve around the use of
social media especially for communication and
interaction
- with the aid of social media, netizens (habitual or vaid
user of the intenet/social media) are able to reach a
large number of people to share info and talk about
common interests and advocacies.
- non-government institutions and organizations utilize
social media by creating pages and groups so that their
advocacies can reach a wide range of audiences. The
terms trending and hashtags are usually used to make
something go viral
Political
- e-governance, the use of technology to deliver
services by the government to its citizens is gaining
popularity
- e-governance may be used to spread the advocacies
of any administration in order to keep everyone
informed. It may also be used to keep the citizens
informed and updated of the cirrent state of the
government and its projects.
*Local government units also have their own websites,
where their constituents are able to see the current
projects and activities that teh LGU’s are working on.
(creating, storing, sharing)
Advantages & Disadvantages of Media & Information
ADVANTAGES
1. Accessibility
- one of the greatest advantages of media and
information
- the ability to reach a great number of people in
real-time is a characteristic that is true in both
traditional and new media
- this feature brings with it a majority of benefits.
Forum
- internet-based media platform where people across
the globe can talk and share opinions about a certain
topic or interest.
2. Entertainment
- tv, and radio shows have a long-running history of
entertaining the masses and still continue to do so,
several genres of shows are currently emerging to fulfill
the growing taste for new materials by the demanding
audience.
DISADVANTAGES
1. Fake news
- producing false content
- social media is the top source of fake news since
there are very limited checks and balances being
implemented before publication.
2. Inappropriate Content
- Considered unsuitable for audiences like children,
ethnic groups, and race. Since the internet is not
owned and controlled by a single governing body, no
proper regulations are implemented as to which
contents can be published or not.
3. Inappropriate behavior
- the anonymity brought by the internet also allows
people to act unethically towards other users, as they
know that the chances of being caught and held to
account are very slim.
a. Cyberbullying
- one common example of an unethical behavior with
the intent to undermine the reputation of a person or a
group.
b. Cybercrimes
- such as plagiarism, copyright theft, spamming,
phishing, hacking, identity theft, and other unethical,
unlawful, and illegal online activities thrive with the
use of the internet.
On-demand
- the baility to access a media content anywhere at any
given time.
Trending
- a popular topic discussed esp on social media
platforms
Hashtag
- word preceded by the # symbol used ro denote a
special topic
Fake news
- stories that have no reliable basis and with the
intention to mislead the readers