PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT

Chapter 1 – Knowing Oneself

 Greek: GNOTHI SEAUTON
KNOW YOURSELF
Latin: NOSCE TE IPSUM

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Knowing Oneself
 One of the key areas in self-development is the process of
knowing oneself.
 Through life experiences and chance events that are
reflected on, one is able to discover more about oneself.
 The learning process is never ending for as long as a person
lives.
 In order to understand other aspects of one’s life, one must
first get to know who one truly is.
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Knowing Oneself
Oneself is one’s personality. In Western
mainstream psychology, the self is generally
defined as one’s personality or ego.

The word personality came from a Greek word

‘persona’ which means mask.

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Knowing Oneself
It is also good to note that some of the
adjectives that were written speaks about different
aspects of a person.
For example, understanding refers to the inner
dynamics of one’s mind. On the other hand, attractive
and funny refer to how one affects other people.
Words such as motivated and competitive point to a
desire to reach specific goals.
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Determining Personality Traits
Gordon Allport, was a psychologist who espoused
the uniqueness of each individual.
Raymond Cattell conducted researches on
personality traits and proposed that personality is made
up of 16 basic dimensions.
Catell defined traits as reaction tendencies that
are somewhat permanent parts of personality.
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Determining Personality Traits
In general, Catell grouped traits into Surface traits
and Source traits.
(a) Surface traits are those that are readily
observed by others.
(b) Source traits are underlying traits that form
the core of personality.

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Determining Personality Traits
Recently, two research psychologists – Robert
McCrae and Paul Costa (1992) narrowed down the
basic 16 personality traits that Cattell proposed into
five (5) categories which they called the Big Five.
The Big Five became a universal and widely agreed
upon dimension of personality called the Five-Factor
Trait Theory.
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Determining Personality Traits
The five dimensions or tendencies are:
Openness to experience
Conscientiousness
Extraversion
Agreeableness
Neuroticism
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Determining Personality Traits

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Determining Personality Traits
Openness to experience refers to the active seeking and
appreciation of experiences for their own sake.
Conscientiousness refers to the degree of organization,
persistence, control, and motivation in goal-directed
behavior.
Extraversion is the quantity and intensity of energy
directed outwards into the social world.
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Determining Personality Traits
Agreeableness locates people in a continuum where
interactions range from being compassionate to being
tough-minded.
Neuroticism is known to be a common quality of
worriers. It is the extent to which people tend to be
vulnerable to stress-related disorders.

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Personality Types

A personality type can be understood as a unique

collection of several traits that tend to go together.

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Personality Types
The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI).
MBTI measures the person’s:
1. Extraversion (E) or Introversion (I)
- whether the person is energized by being
surrounded by people or by being in solitude.

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Personality Types
The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI).
MBTI measures the person’s:
2. Sensing (S) or Intuition (N)
- whether the individual prefers to use their
senses or ideas in interpreting information.

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Personality Types
The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI).
MBTI measures the person’s:
3. Thinking (T) or Feeling (F)
- whether the person tends to think or feel
when making decisions.

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Personality Types
The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI).
MBTI measures the person’s:
4. Judgement (J) or Perception (P)
- whether the person deals with situations by
planning or spontaneity.

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Personality Types

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Origins of Personality:
Nature versus Nurture
If people gave different personalities and if these
determine how people think and behave, where does it
come from?
Do people inherit their personality from their parents?
Do people learn it from their environment?

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Origins of Personality:
Nature versus Nurture

The debate on whether personality is influenced by

nature (i.e., inherited characteristics) or nurture (i.e.,
environment) goes on.

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Origins of Personality:
Nature versus Nurture
Current researchers into personality, however, have
come up with the hypothesis that personality arises
from nature through nurture.
This view states that one may have the genes for
singing well but unless this talent is nurtured it may not
be evidenced in the individual.

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Knowing more of One’s
Strengths and Weaknesses
Power lies in knowing your strengths and
weaknesses.
It’s important to know yourself more closely and
examine how your way of thinking, feeling, and behaving
lead to both the positive outcomes and the less
desirable negative results.

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Knowing more of One’s
Strengths and Weaknesses

Practicing helpful behaviors and halting undesirable

ones are easier said than done.

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 Attendance!
As you name is called, type present
at the Zoom chat box or unmute
your mic and say present.

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Importance of Keeping
a Personal Journal
Knowing yourself is facilitated by taking time to
pause and reflect about how you are or have been after
some significant personal experiences.
By writing down your thoughts and feelings, you
are able to gain more insights into yourself.

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The Johari Window

Oneself may be described through physical appearance,

preferences, desires, dislikes, or how one behaves.

The Johari Window is also known as the

disclosure/feedback model of self-awareness.

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The Johari Window

Probably the most basic way to know oneself is

through inquiry.
The method of inquiry considers two main players:
(1) oneself and (2) other people.

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The Johari Window

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Reference:

Maria Lourdes Llanera-Ramos, P. D. (2017). Personal

Development. Quezon City: C & E Publishing, Inc.
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