Pre-Calculus

Quarter 2 – Module 1:
Unit Circle
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 Pre-Calculus
Quarter 2 – Module 1:
Unit Circle
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Pre-Calculus – Grade 11 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on

Unit Circle!

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by

educators both from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or

facilitator in helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum

while overcoming their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and

independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also

aims to help learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into

consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the

body of the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that
will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this

module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to

manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist

the learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

1
For the learner:

Welcome to the Pre-Calculus – Grade 11 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM)

Module on Unit Circle!

The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often
used to depict skill, action, and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create,
and accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a
learner is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant competencies
and skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in your own hands!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You
will be enabled to process the contents of the learning resource while being an active
learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

What I Need to Know This will give you an idea of the skills or
competencies you are expected to learn in the
module.

What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to

check what you already know about the
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip this
module.

What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link

the current lesson with the previous one.

What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be

introduced to you in various ways such as a
story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an
activity, or a situation.

What is It This section provides a brief discussion of the

lesson. This aims to help you discover and
understand new concepts and skills.

What’s More This comprises activities for independent

practice to solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the Answer
Key at the end of the module.

What I Have Learned This includes questions or blank

sentence/paragraph to be filled in to process
what you learned from the lesson.

What I Can Do This section provides an activity which will

help you transfer your new knowledge or skill
into real life situations or concerns.

2
 Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your
level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.

Additional Activities In this portion, another activity will be given

to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of the
lesson learned. This also tends retention of
learned concepts.

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the

module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in developing

this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the
module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are
not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and
gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

3
 What I Need to Know

At the end of the lesson, the learner shall be able to illustrate the unit circle and

the relationship between the linear and angular measures of central angle in a unit

circle. (STEM_PC11T-IIa-1).

4
 What I Know

Fill in the blanks.

1. A unit circle has a radius of _____.

2. ______ measure is defined as the distance between two points.

3. The measure of the rotation of the angle formed by the radius r as it

runs clockwise or counterclockwise from the initial side to its terminal

side is called ______________.

4. ______________ is a part of a circle defined by two points on a circle.

5. One complete ______________ is reached by the length r when the initial

and terminal side are in the same position after rotating either

counterclockwise o clockwise direction.

Supply the missing values.

7𝜋
6. Given: r = 3 cm 𝜃=? s=
4

7.

r = ? cm

2𝜋
𝜃=
7

r=?
A = 7𝜋

5
Find the arc length of the following. Round your answers to the nearest hundredth.

8.

r = 24mm
𝟑𝝅
𝟒

9.

𝟖𝝅
𝟏𝟓

r = 3ft

10. Find the area of the sector described below. Do not round your answers.

𝝅
𝟓

r = 10cm

6
 Lesson

1 Linear and Angular Measure

In trigonometry, an angle is formed by rotating a ray about its endpoint, and

therefore has no limit. The direction of its rotation can be positive or negative and is
measured. Because of its infinite characteristics, a circle can be used to explain this
measurement.

What’s In

I. What kind of angles are illustrated in each number, in terms of its direction? Label
the sides of the angles, as initial or terminal side.

1.1. _________ Angle

1.2. _________

1.3. _________

2.1. _________ Angle

2.2. _________

2.3. _________

7
II. Fill in with word/s to complete the description of the given figure.

The distance from the fixed point

(3-4) called the (1) to any point of

(5) the circle corresponds to the length of

(1)
its (2) .

(2)
A curve formed when a line

(described in number 1) is fixed at

one end and rotated about that point

is termed as an ( 3) with a

length called (4) .

The (5) is a measure of

how the line was rotated.

Notes to the Teacher

The module aims to help student’s familiarity of the illustration of

a unit circle and the relationship between linear and angular
measure of a central angle in a unit circle.

8
 What’s New

ARC LENGTH

We recall that the circumference of a circle is 2𝜋r. To find the arc length that
𝜃
runs around a circle, make use of as fraction of a circumference of a circle and
2𝜋
the letter 𝑠 to represent the length of an arc that subtends the angle 𝜃.

𝜽 2𝜋
𝑟

That is, in a circle with a radius 𝑟, the length 𝑠 of an arc that subtends the
angle 𝜃 is

𝜃
𝑠= 𝑥 𝑐𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑢𝑚𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑎 𝑐𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑙𝑒
2𝜋

𝜃
𝑠= (2𝜋𝑟)
2𝜋

Giving us,
𝑠 = 𝑟𝜃

9
Example:

Find the arc length of an arc with a radius 𝑟 = 12𝑐𝑚 and a central
3𝜋
angle 𝜃 = 4

Solution:

𝑠 = 𝑟𝜃

3𝜋
𝑠 = 12𝑐𝑚 ( )
4

𝑠 = 9𝜋 𝑐𝑚

AREA of a SECTOR

Feeling hungry? It’s time for a slice of pizza!

10
 Imagine the portion covered by a slice of pizza is an area of sector of any given

circle. The angle that defines a sector corresponding to the whole pizza is 2𝜋.

Fig. 1.

𝜃
If a sector makes up a fraction of of a complete circle and the area of a circle
2𝜋

with a radius 𝑟 is 𝜋𝑟 2 , area of a sector is

𝜃
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑎 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 = (𝜋𝑟 2 )
2𝜋

That is,
1 2
𝐴= (𝑟 𝜃)
2

Example:

𝜋
Find the area of a sector of a circle with central angle of 𝜃 = and its radius is 6ft.
5

Solution :

1 2
𝐴= (𝑟 𝜃)
2

1 𝜋
𝐴= [(6𝑓𝑡)2 ( )]
2 5

36𝑓𝑡 2 𝜋
𝐴=
10

18𝜋 2
𝐴= 𝑓𝑡
5

11
Activity A.

Find the length of each arc.

Do not round your answers.

2𝜋
1. radius = 15 yd 𝜃= 5

5𝜋
2. radius = 42 dm 𝜃=
6

Round your answer to the nearest tenth.

9𝜋
3. radius = 12 ft 𝜃= 4

14𝜋
4. radius = 27cm 𝜃= 3

12
Activity B.

Find the area of each sector.

Do not round your answers

2𝜋
1. radius = 20 in 𝜃=
5

5𝜋
2. radius = 78m 𝜃=
6

Round your answer to the nearest tenth.

𝜋
3. radius = 12cm 𝜃=
4

5𝜋
4. radius = 9ft 𝜃=
3

13
 What is It

LINEAR and ANGULAR MEASURE

Linear measure is defined as the distance between two points. The units used
are inches, feet, meter, kilometer, etc. In a circle, linear measure corresponds to its
circumference, given by the formula 𝐶 = 2𝜋𝑟.

Taking a portion of that circumference, gives you an arc. An arc length is a

part of a circle defined by two points, pt. M and pt. L.

M M

O L
O
L

Angular measure is usually measured in degrees or radians. A central angle

is a measure of the rotation of the angle formed by the radius r as it runs clockwise
or counterclockwise from the initial side to its terminal side.

terminal side

central
angle 𝜃

initial side

14
 𝜃 = 2𝜋

There is a complete revolution when the length r ran all through and reached
a point where the initial and terminal sides are in the same position after rotating
in a counterclockwise (positive) or clockwise (positive) direction. Thus, 1 𝑟𝑒𝑣 = 𝑟𝜃 or
simply, 1 𝑟𝑒𝑣 = 𝑠.

UNIT CIRCLE

A unit circle is a circle with center at the origin (0,0) and radius 1 unit. Taking
the points that lie in the x and y axes in a counterclockwise direction, we have, (1,0)
(0,1) (-1,0) (0,-1).
(0,1)

r=1
(-1,0) x (0,0)
(1,0)

(0,-1)

15
 A central angle of the unit circle that intercepts an arc of the circle with length

1 unit is said to have a measure of one radian, written 1 rad. These lines forming an

angle are congruent with exact measure of 1 unit.

1 unit
1 unit

x θ= 1 rad
1 unit

16
 What’s More

Answer the following.

1. Find the length of an arc with radius 15 m that subtends a central

𝜋
angle of 3 . Round your answer to the nearest hundredth.

2. A central angle 𝜃 in a circle of radius 16 cm is subtended by an arc of

length 48 cm. Find the measure of 𝜃 in radians.

3. Find the area of a sector of a circle with central angle that measures
4𝜋
𝜃= if the radius of the circle is 5 ft. Round your answer to the
5

nearest hundredth.

4. Find the radius of a circle if the area of a sector covers 𝜋𝑚2 with a

2𝜋
central angle of 𝜃 = .
9

Supply the missing values.

7𝜋
5. Arc length = 7𝜋 m Central angle = Radius = _______
5

6. Area of a sector = 6𝑓𝑡 2 Central angle = ______𝜋 Radius = 3 ft

17
 What I Have Learned

A is a circle with center at its origin and radius of 1 unit. A

is a subtended angle that intercepts an arc of the unit circle.

measure is the distance between two points that lie on the

circle while measure determines the area that the length r sweeps

around a circle either counterclockwise or clockwise direction.

Arc length is given by the formula .

Area of a sector is given by the formula .

18
 What I Can Do

Solve the following problems.

1. A wind turbine technician wants to calculate the speed of a windmill

blade which makes 30m revolutions per minute and is 20m in diameter.
Find its linear speed in meter per second. (Hint: 1 rev = s)

20 m

2. You planned a send-off party for your

friend who is migrating to Singapore. A
total of 12 guests arrived and you want to
share each one an equal slice of cake your
mother baked for the occasion. If the cake
has a diameter of 12 inches, what portion
(area) of the cake each would receive?
Round your answer to the nearest tenth.

19
 Assessment

Fill in the blanks.

1. A unit circle has a radius of _________.

2. ______ measure is defined as the distance between two points.

3. The measure of the rotation of the angle formed by the radius r as it runs

clockwise or counterclockwise from the initial side to its terminal side is

called ______________.

4. ______________ is a part of a circle defined by two points on a circle.

5. One complete ______________ is reached by the length r when the initial and

terminal side are in the same position after rotating either counterclockwise

o clockwise direction.

Supply the missing values.

7𝜋
6. Given: r = 3 cm 𝜃=? s=
4

7.

r = ? cm

2𝜋
𝜃=
7
A= 7𝜋
r =?

20
Find the arc length of the following. Round your answers to the nearest hundredth.

8. 9.

r = 24mm

r = 3ft

10. Find the area of the sector described below. Do not round your answers.

r = 10cm

21
 Additional Activities

1. SK Chairman of Brgy. Tugatog plans to build a ramp to promote

skateboarding as another sport that young people can enjoy this coming
summer break. Two quarter-circle ramps are constructed each with a
height of 10 m and a flat space between the centers with distance of
20m. How far can a skater travel when he started skating from the top
of one ramp to the top of the other.

10 m

20 m

22
 23
What I Have Learned
What I Can Do: Unit circle
Assessment:
𝑚
Additional Activities: 1. 10 Arc length
𝑠𝑒𝑐
1. 1 unit 2. 9.4𝑖𝑛2
1. 51.42m 2. Linear Area of a sector
3. Central angle
4. Arc length 𝑠 = 𝑟𝜃
5. Revolution 1 2
7𝜋 𝐴= 𝑟 𝜃
6. 2
12
7. r = 7cm
8. s = 56.54mm
9. s = 5.03 ft
10. A = 10𝜋𝑐𝑚2
What’ New:
What’s More: What’s In:
A.
1. s = 15.71m I.
1. 6𝜋 𝑦𝑑 1.1. positive angle What I Know:
2. 3 rad
2. 35𝜋 𝑑𝑚 1.2. terminal side
3. 𝐴 = 31.42𝑓𝑡 2
3. 84.82 ft 1. 1 unit
4. 𝑟=3 1.3. initial side
4. 395.84 ft 2. Linear
5. 5m 2.1. negative angle
4 3. Central
6. 𝜋 2.2. initial side
3 angle
B. 2.3. terminal side
4. Arc length
1. 80𝜋𝑖𝑛2 5. Revolution
II. 7𝜋
6.
12
2. 2535𝜋𝑚2 1. center 7. r = 7cm
2. radius 8. s = 56.54mm
3. 56.55 cm2 3. arc 9. s = 5.03 ft
4. arc length
4. 212.06 ft2 10. A = 10𝜋𝑐𝑚2
5. central angle
Answer Key
References
DepEd (2016). K to 12 Curriculum Guide. Pre-Calculus

DepEd (2016). Teacher’s Guide. Pre-Calculus. First Edition.

DepEd (2016). Learner’s Material. Pre-Calculus. First Edition.

24
For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Region III,

Schools Division of Bataan - Curriculum Implementation Division
Learning Resources Management and Development Section (LRMDS)

Provincial Capitol Compound, Balanga City, Bataan

Telefax: (047) 237-2102

Email Address: bataan@deped.gov.ph