MODULE 2

POPULATION
GROWTH
 1. identify and define

Objective
the six common
demographic
measures; and

2. develop skills using

simple demographic
tools to guide planning
decisions
What is Demography is the statistical
analysis of the human population,

Demography? which encompasses the size,

distribution, structure, and changes
in the population that occur over
time.
Population
structure
is the proportion of people by age,
sex, ethnicity, education, and other
parameters. Demographic processes
that affect the increase or decrease in
population growth are
fertility/natality, mortality, and
migration.
 Fertility refers to the actual production
of offspring.
FERTILITY It depends on various factors like physical
health and nutrition, sexual behavior,
culture, emotions, economics, way of life,
etc.
Thus, fertility rates vary among countries
and cultures.
The birth rate is an issue of concern for
many governments and policymakers.
Some seek to increase the national birth
rate while other countries have policies
to reduce the birth rate.
MORTALITY
The mortality rate is a measure of the number of deaths in a particular
population depending on various factors like age and gender distribution.

A life table is a statistical tool that summarizes the number of deaths of a

population. It yields information about longevity and gives a reasonable
estimate of life expectancy.

Life expectancy refers to the average survival time for an individual.

 Migration/
Immigration
is the physical movement of people from one place to another.
It is divided into two groups of factors: push and pull.
The push factors are things that an immigrant is unfavorable about
the area he is coming from,
while pull factors interest the immigrant in the new place.
 These are important data from sources like statistics
registries (Phillipine Statistics Office/PSA) and censuses.
Statistics registries track all status on births, deaths,

Demographic
marriages, migrations, and the like.

We can determine the status of a population by

Data measuring and calculating different variables common to

all populations such as size, age structure, etc. Some of
these measures are useful and provide a baseline for
monitoring population health and offer insight into the
mechanisms driving population declines.

Age-Sex Structure- It is a population parameter that

refers to the number of individuals of each sex and age
group and is often represented by a bar graph called a
population pyramid.
For example, the facts from the PSA Census 2015 of
Central Luzon showed that children aged 5 to 9 years have
the largest age group, with 10.12 percent of the household
population. This was followed by those in the age groups 0
to 4 years and 10 to 14 years, which contributed 9.93
percent share. Moreover, males outnumbered females in
the age group 0 to 54 years, while females outnumbered
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their male counterparts in the older age group (55 years
old and over).
The sex ratio refers to the rate of males to
females in a population
Based on the 2015 Census of Population,
Central Luzon had a total population of
11,218,177 persons, and Bulacan had an
immense population size.
Of the total population, 50.5 percent was
male, while 49.5 percent was female that
yields in a sex ratio of 102 males for every
100 females.