INTRODUCTON

 Background

Nepal is rich in terms of biological diversity due to its unique bio geographical

location diversified climate condition and Nepal with the bio geographical diversity

ecosystem, population species and their genetic make up. This diversity can be

attributed to the vast variety in physiography and climatic situations resulting in

diversity of ecological value habitat running form tropical, sub-tropical, temperate and

alpine to desert.

Chandragiri Hills (43.9 sq. km) is seven kilometres from Thankot, and lies on the south-

west side of Kathmandu Valley which is 2551 metres above sea level. The hill provides

panoramic views of Kathmandu Valley and the Himalayan ranges

from Annapurna to Everest.

It is in habitat of several variety of birds and other wildlife. A total of 318 bird species

has been reliably reported form the park and surrounding area and ease remain more

still to be found. Bird Life International (BLI) has identified Chandragiri Hill as an

Important Bird Area (IBA) because of its international importance for threatened

species and for their habitat conservation. The hill is a home to important restricted

range species such as Nepal Wren Babbler (Pnoeypyga immaculate) , Hoary-threated

Bawing ( Actinodura nepalansis). The data shows that of the 318 species nearly 70%

are resistant species (www.birdlife.org)

 OBJECTIVE

To study the diversity of birds in Chandragiri Hill area.

 MATERIALS AND METHOD

2.1. Study area

Figure 1 Geographical location

For the study of diversity of birds in Chandragiri Hill area was taken because of accessibility

in terms of wide forest conservation of various species and accessibility of transportation. In

addition, it is rich in Natural vegetation's.

Chandragiri hill area is located in the Chandragiri Municipality 03, in Kathmandu district in

Bagmati province of central Nepal. The hill has 320 species of birds including 17 migratory

birds. Among the total species of birds recorded in the park, 120 are wetland dependent, 80
are winter migrants, 6 are summer migrants, 28 are residential and 6 are vagrant, 22 globally

threatened species, like endangered Slender-billed Vulture, White-rumpled Vulture and Red-

headed Vulture. Other common bird species are white backed vulture, Himalayan griffon

(Nepali and Swale, 2007), dark kite, hen harrier, goshawk, sparrow hawk, sacra, common

buzzard, Asian black eagle, steppe eagle(BPP, 1995), magpies, kalij pheasant, leaf birds,

flycatcher, bushchat, babblers, cuckoos, bulbul, swift, warblers. Importantly, the Spiny

babbler (Turrdoides nepalensis), Wren babbler (Pnoepyga pusilla) are the endemic birds

found in Chandragiri Hill. Out of 320 species of birds found in the hill, conservation action

plan should be initiated for at least 14 threatened species, i.e. Spiny Babbler (Turdoides

nepalensis), Oriental Hobby (Falco severus) Grey-sided Laughing Thrush (Garrulax

caerulatus), Cinereous vulture (Aegypius monachus) and other site-specific bird in SNNP. A

yearly or (one in Two Year Time) monitoring of migratory birds would be an asset in

studying climate change, habitat change and or other related factors in relation to bird

migration (BCN, 2011).

The project was launched in 7th and 21th Falgun during the time of two-day visit at

Chandragiri Hills. Chandragiri Hill conserve various types of plant and animal specimens. It

is recognized as one of the popular visiting natural view, green forest, cable car, statue of late

King Prithivi Narayan Shah and Mahadev temple. This temple has importance of cultural

view. It is protected as community forest. So we can find different types of specimens and

different type of birds specimens to study in area and get more and more benefits in certain

period.

2.2. Data Collection

I conducted this research to the Chandragiri Hills in the form of field visit in the noontime in

order to study the habits and behaviors of different birds in the trees there. I studied the entire

noon period for getting required information of respected birds.

2.3. Method of Identification

The method of identification of different birds of Chandragiri Hills for this report through

online. By all this means of it, I prepared this paper. The observed species were photographed

using camera and cell phones.

2.4 Data Analysis

I have analyzed entire collected data by enlisting in a table.

 3. Results

The following table shows the required results:

S.N. ENGLISH NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME PHYLUM ORDER

1. Spiny Babbler Turdoides Nipalensis Chordate Passeriformes

2. House Sparrow Passer Domesticus Chordate Passeriformes

3. House Crow Corvus Splendens Chordate Passeriformes

4. Kalij Lophura Leucomelanos Chordate Galliformes

5. Vulture Gyps Bengalensis Chordate Falconifores

6. Dove Columba Livia Chordate Columbiformes

7. Red-vented Pycnonotus Cafer Chordate Passeriformes

Bulbul

8. Cuckoo Eudynamys Chordate Cuculifomes

9. Owl Bubo Chordate Strigifomes

10. Parrot Psittacula Chordate

Table no. : 1 Variety of birds in Chandragiri Hills(CH) .

Table no. 1 shows the ten variety of birds which are found in the CH. Among them phylum of

each birds possess same, i.e. Chordate whereas some of the birds orders are varied. For

example, the order of Spiny Babbler, house sparrow and house crow is Passeriforrmes; order

of Kalij Gallifomes etc..

 4. Conclusion

Among the total species of birds recorded in park 120 are wetland depended, 80 are winter

migrants, 6 are summer migrants, 28 are residential, 6 are vagrant and 22 globally threatened

species like endangered, slandered billed vulture, red-headed vulture etc.. By visiting

Chandragiri Hills I particularly found 10 variety of birds namely: Spiny Babbler, House

Sparrow, House Crow, Kalij, Vulture, Dove, Red-vented Bulbul, Cuckoo, Owl, and Parrot.
 5. References

DNPWC (2018). Department of National Parks and Wildlife Consevation, Nepal.

Inskipp, C., INskipp, T., Grimmett, R. & Baral, H.S. (2008). Birds of Nepal. Bird

Conservation, Nepal (BCN).

Sharma, H.K. (2004). Diversity of Theatened Birds and Their Conservation Theats in

Barandabhar Corridor Forest, Chitwan. M.Sc. Thesis. Central Depatment of Zoology,

TU, Kirtipur, Kathmandu pp47.

BCN & DNPWC (2011). The State of Nepal's Birds. Bird Conservation Nepal and

Department of Naional Parks and Wildlife Conservation, Kathmandu.

BirdLife International (2020). Important Bird Areas factsheet: Chandragiri Hills

 6. Appendix

Identification Data : Scientific Name: Turdoides

nipalensis
Place of collection :Chandragiri Hills Local Name: Kade Bhyakur
Common Name: Spiny
Date and time of collection : Babbler

2076-11-21,12 :02pm

Type of habitat: It is mostly found in

the middle hills of Nepal

Figure 1: Spiny Babbler

Remarks : It is endemic species of Nepal

Identification Data : Scientific Name: Passer
domesticus
Place of collection : Chandragiri Local Name: Bhagera
Common Name: House
Hills Sparrow

Date and time of collection :

2076-11-21,12 :10pm.

Type of habitat:: It is mostly

Figure 2 : House Sparrow
found in worldwide.

Remarks: It feed on insects, seed of wheat.

Identification Data : Scientific Name : Corvus
Splendens
Place of Collection :
Chandragiri Hills Local Name : Kag

Date and time of collection : Common Name : House

2076-11-21, 12:20 pm. crow

Type of habitat : It is most

familiar bird of town and
Figure 3 : House crow
village.

Remarks : It feeds almost anything, dead rat, fish, etc.

Identification Data : Scientific Name :
Lophura Leucomelanos
Place of Collection :
Chandragiri Hills Local Name : Kalij

Data of time of Collection : Common Name : Kalij

2076-11-21, 12: 30 Pm.

Type of Habitat : It is the Figure 4: Kalij

preferred habitat of this bird
are the forest of Nepal. And
Himalayan foothills.
Remarks : It will also feed on leaves buds and small
number of insects.
Identification Data :
Scientific Name : Gyps
Place of collection : Bengalensis
Chandragiri Hills
Local Name : Giddha
Date and Time of collection :
2076-11-21, 12: 40 Pm.
Common Name : Vulture

Type of habitat : It is found

all over humid forests. It
lives single or in gatherings
over trees.

Figure 5: Vulture

Remarks :It feeds on variety of death body of animals.

Identification Data : Scientific Name : Columba
livia
Place of Collection :
Chandragiri Hill Local Name : Dhukur
Figure 6 : Dove
Date and time of Collection : Common Name : Dove
2076-11-21, 1:10 Pm.

Remarks : It is feeds on ground nuts and seed of

Type of habitat : It is a very
crops and others cereals.
commanded familiar bird
found in the semi-
domesticated condition.
Identification Data: Scientific Name:
Pycnonotus cafer
Place of collection:
Chandragiri Hills Local Name: Jureli
Date and time of collection:
2076- 11 - 21, 1: 30 pm. Common Name: Bulbul

Type of habitat: It is mostly

lower elevation
Figure 7 : Red-vented Bulbul

Remarks : It feed on insects, help in dispersal of seed .

Identification Data: Scientific Name:
Eudynamys

Place of collection:
Chandragiri Hills Local Name: Koili

Date and time of collection: Common Name: Cuckoo

2076- 11 - 21, 01: 45 pm.

Type of habitat: It lives on

trees of garden and grooves.
Figure 8 : Cuckoo

Remarks: It feed peep figs.

 Scientific Name : Bubo

Identification Data : Local Name :Latokosero

Place of Collection : Common Name : Owl

Chandragiri Hills

Date and time of collection:

2076-11-21,02:10pm.

Type of habitat : It is
nocturnal residing in
woody place or on shady Figure 9 : Owl
rocky projections in
ravine or river.
Remarks :It is feeds ion large
insects, lizards and other reptiles birds and small mammals.
Identification Data :

Place of Collection :
Chandragiri Hills

Date and time of collection :

2076-11-21, 02:20pm.

Type of habitat :
It is lives in hollow tree
trunks or one excavated by
the birds.

Scientific Name : Psittacula

Local Name : Suga

Common Name : Parrot

Figure 10 : parrot

Remarks : It is feeds on crops and orchard fruits.