Finalllllllllllllll Wubye

AMBO UNIVERSITY
HACHALU HUNDESSA CAMPUS
SCHOOL OF CIVIL AND ENVIROMNETAL ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF HYDRAULIC AND WATER RESOURCES ENGINERING
CAMPANY MENSHEN FUR MENSHEN
BY
WUBYE ABEBAW
ID NO; A/UR27295/11
AMBO UNIVERSITY
AMBO
NOV,2022
DECLARATION
I declare this report is not copied from other written materials or documents. It is exactly my own
clear work. I hereby declare that this document is my independent work. All writings in this
document contain things that are done by my effort exclusively.
Name: Wubye Abebaw Signature………………….
i
Internship Report on Dengelga Water Supply Project 2022
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First and for most, I praise the Almighty God for his mercy, love and care who enabled me to be
alive to stay during my internship period. Next to that I would like to thank the hosting company
Menshen fur Menshen, for its acceptance and assistance during the internship period, especially
Ato Lulu Gesese and Engineer Amanuel Ashenafi for guiding me during my stay. In addition to
this I would like to acknowledge the site workers, the site area society and my family for their
assistance during my internship time. I would also like to thank the department of hydraulic and
water resource engineering school of civil and environmental engineering Hachalu hundessa
campus,Ambo university for giving me the chance to improve my practical skill.
BY:WUBYE ABEBAWE ii HWRE

EXCUTIVE SUMMARY
In this report my overall performance of the project for four months has been covered. This report
comprises the general back ground of the hosting company, the objective and work flow of the
company included and the overall organization and flow of work in the project in design and water
supply project is also tried to be listed. In this report the overall experience that I gained from my
internship period were visiting activities (such as masonry foundation of the reservoir), water
distribution system and construction of masonry reservoir. We have been executing activities like
constructing the masonry reservoir, selecting the stone(used to construct the reservoir basaltic
stone (hard and durable)), filling the foundation slab with concrete, inserting the inlet and outlet
pipe of the reservoir and top cover of the reservoir from the source to the reservoir. In the other
section the report describes the benefit I gained from the internship program which are practical
skills, upgrading theoretical knowledge, Improving skills like interpersonal communication skill,
leadership skill, work ethics, entrepreneurship skill, engineering design and layouts are mentioned.
Finally, the conclusion and Recommendations of the internship report are included at the end.
BY:WUBYE ABEBAWE iii HWRE

Table of Contents
DECLARATION ........................................................................................................................................... i
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ............................................................................................................................ ii
EXCUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................................................ iii
List of figures ........................................................................................................................................... vii
List of tables ........................................................................................................................................... viii
Acronyms ..................................................................................................................................................... ix
CHAPTER ONE ........................................................................................................................................... 1
1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................ 1
1.2 Objectives of internship .......................................................................................................................... 1
1.2.1 General objective ............................................................................................................................. 1
1.2.2 Specific objectives of the internship ................................................................................................ 2
1.4 Background of the of the company ......................................................................................................... 2
1.5 Vision and Mission Of The Company .................................................................................................... 3
1.5 .1 Vision .................................................................................................................................................. 3
1.6.2 Mission................................................................................................................................................. 3
1.7 Objective of the company ....................................................................................................................... 4
1.7.1 General Objective of the company................................................................................................... 4
1.7.2 Specific objectives of company ....................................................................................................... 4
1.8 End users of company product ................................................................................................................ 4
1.9 Organizational structure and work flow.................................................................................................. 5
1.10 Values of company ............................................................................................................................... 5
1.11 The main products and service of the company .................................................................................... 6
CHAPTER TWO .......................................................................................................................................... 7
2.0 OVERALL EXPRIANCE....................................................................................................................... 7
2.1 Section of company I have worked ......................................................................................................... 7
2.2 Work flow in the section ......................................................................................................................... 7
2.3 Activities I have performed during internship period ............................................................................. 8
2.3.1 Activities performed on the office ................................................................................................... 8
2.3.2 Activities performed in the site ........................................................................................................ 8
BY:WUBYE ABEBAWE iv HWRE

2.4 Challenges faced during internship and mechanisms ............................................................................. 8

2.4.1 Challenges at the office .................................................................................................................... 8
2.4.2 Challenges at the site ....................................................................................................................... 9
2.5 Mechanisms used to overcome the challenges........................................................................................ 9
CHAPTER THREE .................................................................................................................................... 10
3. ASSESSMENT OFTHE INTERNSHIP ................................................................................................. 10
3.1 improving practical skills ...................................................................................................................... 10
3.2 improving theoretical knowledge.......................................................................................................... 11
3.3 improving interpersonal communication skills ..................................................................................... 11
3.4 improving team playing skills ............................................................................................................... 12
3.5 improving leadership skills ................................................................................................................... 12
3.6 improving understanding work ethics related issues ............................................................................ 13
3.7 improving entrepreneurship skills ......................................................................................................... 14
CHAPTER FOUR....................................................................................................................................... 15
OVERALL ACTIVITY OFTHE PROJECT .............................................................................................. 15
4.1.1 Location and Accessibility ............................................................................................................. 15
4.1.2 Topography, Climate and Hydrology ............................................................................................ 16
4.1.3 Social and Physical Infrastructure.................................................................................................. 16
4.2 Objective of the project ......................................................................................................................... 17
4.2.1 Overall objectives ........................................................................................................................ 17
4.2.2 Specific objectives ......................................................................................................................... 17
4.3 Population Projection and Water Demand ............................................................................................ 18
4.4 Source of water ..................................................................................................................................... 20
4.5 Back ground of the project .................................................................................................................... 20
4.6 Water Demand Estimation .................................................................................................................... 22
4.6.1 Domestic Water Demand ............................................................................................................... 22
4.7 Determination of Reservoir Capacity ................................................................................................... 23
4.8 Construction methodology of reservoir ................................................................................................ 24
4.8.1 Earth Work ..................................................................................................................................... 24
4.8.1.1 Site clearance .............................................................................................................................. 24
4.8.1.2 Excavation................................................................................................................................... 24
4.8.2 Concrete work ................................................................................................................................ 25
BY:WUBYE ABEBAWE v HWRE

4.8.3 Materials used in construction site .......................................................................................... 26

4.8.3.2 Concrete ...................................................................................................................................... 26
4.8.4 Structural elements Placing reinforcement bar for base slab: -...................................................... 30
4.8.5 Masonry wall ..................................................................................................................................... 31
4.8.6 Water stops..................................................................................................................................... 31
4.8.7 Form work (panel) ......................................................................................................................... 31
4.8.8 Accessories of the reservoir ........................................................................................................... 31
CHAPTER FIVE ........................................................................................................................................ 33
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ..................................................................................... 33
5.1 CONCLUSION ..................................................................................................................................... 33
5.2 RECOMMENDATION ........................................................................................................................ 34
References .................................................................................................................................................. 35
BY:WUBYE ABEBAWE vi HWRE

List of figures
Figure 1 work flow.......................................................................................................................... 5
Figure 2 Location of Project site .................................................................................................. 16
Figure 3 water source (Ground water) .......................................................................................... 22
Figure 4 site clearance and excavation ......................................................................................... 25
Figure 5: mixing the concert ......................................................................................................... 27
Figure:6:course aggregate ............................................................................................................. 28
Figure 7: DCI PIPI ........................................................................................................................ 29
Figure 8 : Sand and gravel carrying box ....................................................................................... 29
Figure 9 :Reinforcement bar ......................................................................................................... 30
Figure 10 :Formwork .................................................................................................................... 31
BY:WUBYE ABEBAWE vii HWRE

List of tables
Table 1:Population Forecasting .................................................................................................... 20
Table 2 ; reservoir size determination for Dendelega water supply ............ Error! Bookmark not
defined.
BY:WUBYE ABEBAWE viii HWRE

Acronyms
CSA Central Statistics Agency
DCIP Ductile Cast iron pipe
EC Ethiopian Calendar
GC Gregorian calendar
GI Galvanized Iron
GIS Geographic Information System
GPS Geographic Position System
GTP Growth rate Transformation Plan
GW Ground Water
PVC Polyvinyl Chloride
RCC Reinforced Concrete
WS Water supply
BY:WUBYE ABEBAWE ix HWRE

CHAPTERONE
1. INTRODUCTION
Water is life for every living thing. But pure, clean and potable water is the most important one.
The lack of clean, potable and adequate water supply is one of the main agents of causing water
related diseases in different parts of our country. People suffer from water related diseases by using
contaminated or polluted water sources due to absence of safe, potable and adequate water supply
sources, especially women and children are exposed to these problems.
The report depends on the practice performed in menschen fur menschen in Borena wordea south
wollo zone, on Dendelega water supply project for the duration period of four months. It includes
general description on water supply projects, construction of water supply storage reservoir,
determination of water storage reservoir capacity, the source of water that used to supply for
Dendelega water supply project and general production process flow of the company. To mention
some of them as an example: - knowledge such as: - storage reservoir, improving communication
skills with contractors, site engineers and office engineers. Almost all the applications learning
subject of water supply and environmental engineering are observed in the company. Especially
the application of different type’s software’s such as: - water cad, GIS designing of water supply
projects, supplying potable water for the community, Water connection rate and polices aimed at
stabilizing living standards and improving health and sanitation, Water intake facilities, Water
transmission facilities, water pumps, distribution reservoir, and the capability of supplying enough
amount of water per day are very applicable.
1.2 Objectives of internship
1.2.1 General objective

The general objective of the internship is to empower me with practical knowledge from the
theoretical knowledge that I acquired in the class by visualization.
1
1.2.2 Specific objectives of the internship

Specific objectives of the internship are:
❖ To communicate with different professionals
❖ To work with other people co-operatively
❖ To Learn new technology or apply existing knowledge in new ways
❖ To know various detailed design information about the construction carried out in the
company
❖ To learn professional skills by participating in a professional work environment
❖ To develop a mentoring relationship with and a Professional network
❖ To gain writing, verbal and physical communication skills
❖ To build up creative thinking and problem-solving abilities
1.4 Background of the of the company
In the last decades, Ethiopia has undergone some drastic changes. In a time of globalization, the
country faces new challenges. These new challenges also require are thinking in development
cooperation. Up until 2014, Menschen fur Menschen Switzerland limited itself to integrated rural
development. However, due to the rise in urbanization, which has led to settlements of slums, the
foundation changed its focus.
Menschen fur Menschen Switzerland is implementing new projects that inter link urban and rural
spaces. In all the projects the goal is to overcome the most urgent problems sustainably while
making the people independent from further help .Menschen fur Menschen Switzerland sees itself
as a partner of the Ethiopian people with an equal footing, helping to promote their own initiatives.
We plan to control and evaluate our projects ourselves. Only then can we ensure that our high
requirements in transparency and efficiency are met, as we set out into a new future with the
Ethiopian people.
BY:WUBYE ABEBAWE 2 HWRE

Menschen fur Menschen Switzerland was founded in 1989 by the Honorary President Rolf Knie
together with Karl Heinz Böhm. The foundation is headquartered in Zurich. The projects in
Ethiopia are planned, implemented and controlled by the country representative and the
programmer coordinator in Ethiopia, in close collaboration with the head office in Zurich.
1.5 Vision and Mission Of The Company
1.5 .1 Vision
Menschen fur Menschen Switzerland was Inspired by our founder Karl Heinz Böhm. It’s vision
is a world in which the divide between rich and poor no longer exists. With Ethiopia as a model
it wants to set an example by supporting the local population to create favorable conditions for
their country in the future.
1.6.2 Mission
Menschen für Menschen Switzerland stands as a partner to the people of Ethiopia. Many
Ethiopians still live in unfavorable conditions. Environmental degradation, population growth,
increasing urbanization, globalization and climate change are impacting living conditions in
shorter spaces of time. Moreover, as a result of dynamic economic development in Ethiopia,
urban areas – particularly rural centers and towns – are becoming increasingly important. While
this development can be associated with huge problem sit also offers opportunities for the
Ethiopian people.
They take account of the different livelihoods and economic interdependencies in their work.
Their approach’s not just selective; it takes place within a holistic context. Projects factor in and
bolster the entire value-chain – starting from the food-producing farmers and agricultural
cooperatives via the carriers, traders and craftsmen right to the person selling the product in the
cities. By integrating the different focal points and economic activities they ensure that the
development has a positive and sustainable impact.
The hosting company cater for basic human needs such as access to water, sanitation facilities
and good basic health care. they improve the quality of education and training for children and
young people. In the towns, destitute people gain the opportunity of vocational training,

increasing their chances on the job market. They enable people to secure an independent
livelihood in both rural and in urban areas. Mensch’s für Menschen Switzerland thus remains true
to its guiding principle: helping people help themselves.
1.7 Objective of the company

1.7.1 General Objective of the company
The General Objective of the company is to enhance the well-being and productivity of the
community through the provision of adequate, reliable and potable water supply, and legal
development of mining and fulfillment of energy demand in order to enhance the standard socio-
economic development of the people.
1.7.2 Specific objectives of company

In all The project the goal is to overcame the most urgent problem suitable while making the
dependent from further help. The following are main objectives;
❖ To Develop water resources of the zone for economic and social benefits of the people, on
equitable and sustainable basis
❖ To Combat and regulate floods through sustainable mitigation, prevention, rehabilitation and
other practical measures
❖ To improve clean water supply coverage of the kebele.
❖ To enhance the economic activity and battlement of living standard by providing adequate and
portable water supply.
❖ To eliminate different water borne diseases by improving water hygiene and sanitation.
❖ To reduce the load of work by construction water schemes nearby their settlement.
1.8 End users of company product

In Dendelega water supply the main customer or end users are clients(government) and the
whole parts of the community either directly or indirectly that means for instance if we see aim
of WS and irrigation ,it is to solve the shortage of portable water and food respectively.

Generally the following are parts of societies highly benefited from this company
 Population of the Keble and neighboring rural area .

 Unemployed Pepole; the company created job opportunity from them.
 Non- governmental organization
 Rural areas; they change traditional farming system to modern irrigation system to
increase food production.
 Governmental organization
 Religious institution
1.9 Organizational structure and work flow

The Company uses the combined knowledge and experience of personnel, from directors to
skilled workers, for consistent quality project delivery. The qualified, well-trained and
committed workforce also enables it to uphold project sched ules, even under adverse
circumstances.
Figure 1 work flow
1.10 Values of company
 Achieving the energy needs the community

 Accountability

 Transparency
 Quality service
 Doing work with minimum expenditure
 Readiness
 Realizing the rules and regulation of government
 Participatory of work
 Respect for the values and norms of the community
 Humanity
 mentoring
1.11 The main products and service of the company

 Construction of water supply project
 Pipe line network
 Ground water exploration
 Maintenance and service of pipe line

CHAPTER TWO
2.0 OVERALL EXPRIANCE
2.1 Section of company I have worked

In construction mainly three sections are involved. These sections are client, consulting and the
contractors. All these three sections have their own tasks and activity that are expected from
them to perform. In fact, I have been working on consultant and contractor side. The project has
three main working sections; reservoir construction site, water point construction and pipe
distribution site. These sections worked on consultant and contractor side are:
❖ Construction supervision and construction administration office
❖ Designed study
❖ Water resource development facilities and work skim
2.2 Work flow in the section

As we know contractors are performing all construction activity, and the supervisors will check
everything that going to be checked up. In my case, I was on the side of consultant and
contractor in order to control different tasks. These are mainly reinforcement checkup, the
concrete quality and mixing ratio, dimensions of different structure, form works and alignment
of the structures, number and spacing of different reinforcement placement of ground floor and
roof slabs for reservoir
As we know contractors are performing all construction activity, and the supervisors will check
everything that going to be checked up. In our case I was on the side of consultant and contractor
in order to control different tasks. These are mainly reinforcement checkup, the concrete quality
and mixing ratio, dimensions of different structure, form works and alignment of the structures,
number and spacing of different reinforcement placement of ground floor and roof slabs for
reservoir

The site Engineer: - are responsible for the day-to-day oversight of the construction site and
management and help me to gain the experience on different onsite activity.
The contractor: - is responsible for providing labor and equipment for construction.
The Supervisor: -has power to divert the flow of work on the site, if a failure on the quality of
work is committed.
2.3 Activities I have performed during internship period

During our stay on the site for four months, we were participating on the office and site works.
The first task was to look the various detailed design information and getting the general over
view of the site.
2.3.1 Activities performed on the office

❖ Understanding the rules and regulations of the office
❖ Getting information about the overall work flow of the project from asking the project
manager, contractor and workers in the office
❖ Knowing how to design pipe line distribution using Water Cad and Water GEMS estimating
solution for the contactor when the problem faced him in the site
2.3.2 Activities performed in the site

❖ Checking and supervising the mixing ratio of concrete
❖ Checking depth and spacing between the reinforcement bars
❖ Understanding the construction process and ask in a technical question
❖Understand how to GW sources supply to the community
2.4 Challenges faced during internship and mechanisms

2.4.1 Challenges at the office
While I was in the office to accomplish my internship program, I have faced the following
challenges

❖ Lack of sufficient Office related materials like, computer, photocopy, printers, design
documents and others
❖ Lack of good management around the office and Unwillingness of some professional persons
to give enough data
❖ Lack of accurate data in the design document
❖ Shortage of information in the working drawing
2.4.2 Challenges at the site
❖ lack of sufficient site related materials such as: - mixer, vibrator, crasher and others
❖ lack of professional and skilled labors on the side of contractor
❖ Lack of transportation in the working area
❖ Availability of mentors (contractor and site engineers) in the site during our appointment.
2.5 Mechanisms used to overcome the challenges
❖ increase my ability to communicate with the professionals
❖ get more information by creating smooth relationship
❖ accepting the company’s providence for transportation service
❖ trying to acquire the practical knowledge from labors who works in the site (such as: masons,
carpenters )whenever the site engineer and contractor are not available.

CHAPTER THREE
3. ASSESSMENT OFTHE INTERNSHIP
Internship for four-month period is the best time in the university life time especially in
engineering course. It makes the students full of confidence and sees the practical work of what
we are learning in the class. The other benefit which i have gotten from the internship is how to
evaluate our knowledge in order to change the written document to visible and tangible. In
addition to this I have gotten the ability which makes me run with my economy. The other and
the main benefit is the awareness the work ethics, punctuality and how to tolerate all people
around the construction area solving problems which may face during the construction works.
I also got the motivation to become an entrepreneur. Internship programs are one method of
making opportunity for University students potentially valuable and explore general career
avenues as well as specific companies. Such arrangements can provide us with valuable work
experience (both practical and theoretical) and an opportunity to line up a job before graduation.
In addition to assure good work experience. This program is also potentially valuable to
company.
3.1 improving practical skills

It is obvious that the main objective of the internship is to upgrade student’s theoretical
knowledge in to practical skill that can be touched and seen. In this respect I believe that it has a
great role in our future career. Therefore, I gained practical experience of applying my
engineering judgment and working successfully with others. However, the skills and qualities
nurtured by studying Water Supply and Environmental engineering suit many other professional
settings equally well. And can offer:
 creativity and an innovative approach to solving problems

 the ability to analyze and interpret diverse, complex data
 critical thinking and the ability to evaluate designs, plans and projects
 effective assessment and management of risk, resources and time
 highly developed numeracy and computer literacy

 clear written and oral communication skill
3.2 improving theoretical knowledge
In upgrading my theoretical knowledge, I have gained a lot of benefits. These benefits are:
 improving my understanding about the theoretical knowledge’s I have learned in the

school
 Understanding new things from the staff during the whole internship period
 Remembering our last theoretical courses by observing its practical application
 Modifying the current existing work flow or implementation either by changing the
practical skill or by reading different office documents, design manuals etc.
3.3 improving interpersonal communication skills

This four-month practice helped me to visualize what the professional world look like after
graduation. individuals often learn different things from colleagues through communication. For
any individual, communication is important way of learning, which can be defined as the act,
process, or experience of gaining knowledge or skill. Communication and the subsequent
learning help me specially engineers move from novices to experts and allow them to gain new
professional knowledge and abilities.
Good communication is the very essential for engineering profession even though, it takes
many forms such as, speaking, writing and listening, it has the following advantages such as to
handle information, to persuade people and to improve relationships with others
❖ In my construction site, working with any individual peacefully was gained from my
interpersonal communication, that means open minded questions and listening effectively to
answers in the great way to show our respect for their experience and ability. These open-minded
questions encourage us to think widely, to express options and share ideas

3.4 improving team playing skills

Engineering is a team work. Construction organizations should focus on team building, which is
crucial to achieve business goal. It is needed to possess strong team playing skills. If there is
strong team playing skills in the organization, employers working in teams will deliver more
productivity and better solution to being a great team player and it helps them to climb up the
ladder of success career. The most important point in team playing skill is just to reach an
agreement from different points on the work to be done. Furthermore, to have a common
understanding on the task that is to be accomplished, always try to listen carefully those
individuals with whom we working. After listening others idea, provide an idea is important
which is very constructive for the task being done. In fact if I believe in myself as I have
knowledge but not tell to others and the others not tell to me our knowledge is nothing. In other
word doing to together is more important than doing alone. In team working we have gotten so
many things such improving, sharing, building ideas with each other and we tried to find solution
together for a problem we face on the site.
3.5 improving leadership skills

Leadership is a critical management skill; it is the ability to motivate a group of people toward a
common goal this internship has developed our ability of getting and giving information for good
leadership skills. Problems in the company come in all size, shape and color in different period of
time. Thus, person who is in the position of leadership seeks optimal solution to problems and
should be smart enough to manage those individuals whom he/she leading. Leadership is
everything and the engine box of the company. At the work place all things are belongs to the
leader. Leaders can make influence in every work of the company. Therefore, we understand as
the leader can play the great role in progress of the construction priority. If we cannot communicate
effectively, then no other leadership skills will compensate for this lack. Generally, the following
are some of the point that we have seen the leadership experience from the leaders we involved: -
❖ How to interact with the community of the project area
❖ Self-confidence and decision-making ability at work place (site)
❖ Being role model for workers

❖ Prepare action plan and use it to implement the whole project work
❖ Motivate and encourage free discussion with all workers
❖ Increasing the workers’ employability network opportunity etc...
3.6 improving understanding work ethics related issues

Ethics is a branch of philosophy that defines morality and determines the meaning and rational
justification of the right way to live, correct values as well as correct ways if treating other. As
workers were made to specialize in different field, specific codes of conduct were expected from
each worker. In today’s complex world, ethical conduct of workers is very important for
developing healthy working environment and increasing productivity. We get the secret of living
together, so that to live together ethics, habit, and good behavior are the key elements. If there is
a good ethics and moral we can get whatever we want. In general we have understand that work
ethics is good and unforgettable main to live and as well as to work together by tolerance. In
today’s complex world, Ethical conduct of workers is very important for developing healthy
working environment and increasing productivity. Ethical work conduct enables us to possess
appropriate behaviors in the work and developing proper relationships with co-workers and it
helps us to create good working environment. There are two common types of ethics. These are:
 Personal ethics and

 Professional ethics
Personal ethics
These principles of personal ethics are values which are expected to be possessed by all
individuals
in their life, and contribute a lot for a smooth interaction among individuals and peaceful
coexistence of a society. What we gained in the company principles of personal ethics include:
 Concern for the well-being of others

 Honesty
 Fairness

 Compliant to the law

 Benevolence (doing well)
 Refusing to take un-fair advantage
Professional ethics Professional ethics refers to the standards or a set of moral principles for
regulating behaviors of a certain defined profession. The following are some of the common
professional ethical principles what we gained in the internship period.
 Punctuality
 Reliability
 Honesty
 Cooperation
3.7 improving entrepreneurship skills
During my stay at menshen fur manshen, There are number of qualities and skills I developed
including personal attributes, business skills and management capability. I was also able to
develop other like self-motivations skills, time management skills and administrative skills.

CHAPTER FOUR
OVERALL ACTIVITY OFTHE PROJECT
Water is life for every living thing. But pure, clean and potable water is the most important one.
Lack of clean, potable and adequate water supply is one of the main agents of causing for water
related diseases in different parts of our countries. People suffer from water related diseases by
using contaminated or polluted water sources due to absence of safe, potable and adequate water
supply sources, especially women and children are exposed to these problems. We may get water
from Rivers, Streams, Ponds, Rain and from ground water etc.
However, they may not be clean. The reality is that clean water is important and necessary to
human being for good life. We can say water is adequate, clean and pure when only it is
satisfying the domestic demands of the communities in addition to chemically and biologically
treated and free from impurities. Dendelega water supply is one of the Villages in Borena
woreda. Water problems had been experienced in the Village Continuously for many years and
also the Health center of the Village has not access of water supply. But, in order to solve the
critical water supply problems of the Health Center Menschen Fur menschen has devoted to
solve the critical water problems of dendelega Village and Health center of the kebele.
Therefore, menschen Fur Menschen office has carried out these detail study works for dendelega
Village to be solve the serious water supply problems. Generally, after implementation of this
project more than 4 120 Number of populations of the village benefited.
4.1.1 Location and Accessibility
The hand dug well site is accessed through main road from Keymebrat to Dessie town; 15
kilometers away from Mekane selam town to Dendelega village. The proposed groundwater for
water supply project is located in South wollo Zone, Borena woreda, Dendelega village. The
bordered of Borena woreda on the south by wegde, on the west by the Abbay River separates’ it
from western Gojjam, on the north by Amhara sayint and in the east by Legambo Wereda.it far
from180 km from S/wollo zone capital city from dissie. The elevation Borena is2689.64 m or

8824.28 feet. Also the project site is accessible, and there-after the site can be approach only
through road and farm land.
4.1.2 Topography, Climate and Hydrology
Topography and Climate
The Topography of the area is mostly mountainous. The altitude ranges from 500to1200 mas.
Climatically the area is found b/n Dega and woinadega,
Hydrology
There is a perennial river in this Keble; also there is high potential of springs in and around
these Keeble’s and There is also a lot of Bog around the area and high potential to hand dug well.
Figure 2 Location of Project site
4.1.3 Social and Physical Infrastructure

A. Social activities
Agriculture is the main stay of the community in the project area. Agricultural practice of the area is
mixed farming, which includes crop production, household rearing of sheep, goat, cattle and poultry.
Most commonly grown crops in this area are teff, wheat, root crops, fruits and vegetables etc. Off
farm activity and petty trade are subsidiary economic activities to the households. Most part of the
community produces crops by seasonal rainfall.
B. Public Institutions
Among the basic social services, education and health institutions are the major ones operating in the
project area. Accordingly, the project area possesses the following institution
C. Health Facilities
There are health posts. Currently these Keble’s are receiving primary health care, vaccine, family
planning service and the likes. According to the information obtained from the health posts the
most prevalent diseases are Malaria, intestinal parasite, pneumonia, typhoid and some other
diseases also.
D. Farmers training center
There are also a Farmers Training Centre that serves as center in which rural agricultural
development skills and new technologies are introduced to the Keble farming population. So that,
farmer’s trains about the technologies at farmers training center and uses improved varieties of
crops and fertilizer to maximize crop production
4.2 Objective of the project
4.2.1 Overall objectives
The main objective of this project is to identify the suitable source to fulfill the demand of these
kebeles in Borena Woreda both in quality and quantity at a reasonable cost without affecting the
environmental circumstance of the project area.
4.2.2 Specific objectives

 To supply 20 liter of water a day for individuals within 1.5 km radius .

 To avoid water born iseases related to unsafe drinking of water.

 To maximize utilization of time within the community for schooling and other
social. Economic and environmental goals, which were lost before by pitching
water.
 To asses weather the project feasible and sustainable by considering social and
environmental circumstances
 To be economical in using the allocated budget properly by designing every
component of the project according to the standards.
 Weather the tariff seated for the project is within the ability of community to run
all the operation and maintenance cost the project
Scope of the project

The primary beneficiaries of the project are the residents of in these Kebele communities that
are within 1.5km radius to the water points. The population of the nearby areas will also benefit
from the project indirectly. These Keble have a very low water coverage of less than 10 percent.
The communities living in project area are currently in 2007 estimated to be about 8327 and
projected to be about 10,627 at the end of the 2024 GC for 15 years’ design period. Population
growth rate is estimated to be on average 2.5%.
4.3 Population Projection and Water Demand
In designing any water supply project, the population figure is one of the most significant factors
that need to be analyzed thoroughly. Hence, it is necessary to determine the exact number of
populations living with in the project area.
In order to project the future population, as correctly as possible it is necessary to know the
factors affecting population distribution, size and growth rate of a certain area. The major factors
that accounts for changes in population are births, death and migration. All these factors are
influenced by social & economic factors and conditions prevailing in the various communities
among which the important ones are: -
 Family planning practice

 Spread of education
 Development and advancement of medical facilities
 Industrialization and commercialization of the study area
 Factors like war and natural disaster
In addition to the above factors some of the elements often taken into consideration in population
prediction are economic activities in and around the study area, availability of potential natural
resources including land for development, topographic suitability, the status of the area in the
region i.e. its political & economic importance, relative position of the town with respect to main
highways, availability of ample & reliable infrastructure facilities along with proper urban
management policies.
Population Projection
Water demand depends on the size of the population to be served, their standard of living and
activities, the cost of water supplied and the availability of wastewater service. It varies
according to the requirements of the domestic population, industry, livestock farming,
institutional and social establishments, and municipal water supplies for the watering of public
planted areas and street cleaning. In addition to these demands, allowances need to be included
for leakage, wastage, and operational requirements such as flushing of mains.
The standard approach to forecasting would normally involve a detailed analysis of past
consumption trends by consumer groups to which alternative economic development scenarios
would be applied to produce future consumption levels. This approach requires detailed
information on the present consumption patterns and future economic development scenarios.
The 2007 Census undertaken using the Central Statistical Agency (CSA) gave the population of
these Kebele’s as 7005 and gave 8327 in year 2014. The CSA has established growth rates at
five years’ interval that can be used for population projection of all regions in the country
starting from year 1995 up to 2030. The CSA has also produced three alternative scenarios with
high, medium and low growth rates. The efforts of implementing government policies on
population regulation (family planning) in the Amhara Region are anticipated to be successful to
a moderate extent. Hence, from the three variants set by CSA for towns in Amhara Region, the
median variant is applied for the population projection of the study area. The following

Geometric Increase Method from which the population of this kebele growth trend follows has
been used to calculate population based on the 2007 CSA base population, which is compatible
with past population numbers.
Pt = Po (1+r) ^n
Where: Pt is projected population at time t or base population
Po is initial population at time zero
r is annual growth rate
 n number of year
Table 1:Population Forecasting
Description Unit Population

Year 2014 2015 2016 2017 2019 2024
1 Growth rate % 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.90 2.90
1.1 Galmot(Dengelega) 8327 8535 8748 8967 13539 13539
Total Population 8327 8535 8748 8967 48401 48401
4.4 Source of water

The origin of all water is rainfall. Water can collect as it falls as rain before it reaches the ground;
or a water when it percolates in to the ground and flows or collects as ground water; from the
sea/ocean in to which it finally flow.
4.5 Back ground of the project

Dendelega water supply project is found around Mekaneselam town, the organization solves the
problem of water and food shortage by implementing many projects around different parts of the
area. Not only this, but also open the opportunity of work access for many employees.
These many projects are

 Construction of water supply system and pipe networking.
 Construction of small and large scale irrigation system.
 Construction of reservoir and distribution system .
 Repayment of water supply and irrigation structures .
 Spring catchment etc.
From those projects, I would have been joined Hand dug well catchment for water supply system
to Dendelega site, in Borena woreda.. Hundreds of women and girls around highland to lowland
of Borena woreda’s fetch and carry water for domestic purposes from distant ponds and river
throughout their daily life.Some people uses like donkey to carry water.Some carry water
contains typically holds 10-20 liters of water on their heads, backs or hips which has several
health implications for the women especially girls who commonly experiences back pains.
Collecting water is not only physically stressful but also time consuming. In dry season women,
especially girls often walk not less than 15 km (double trip) to nearby rivers every day to fetch
water. They also travel to some other kebeles which has water supply system of drilled wells with
point network.
As I observed during the stay time children, especially girls are required to help their mother with
water collection and other domestic tasks. In most families of the area one or two children was
assigned to fetch water and for watering animals. The girls have no time to attend school and often
little time to play.
Considering the above listed problems, Menshen Fur Menshen has taken source identifications
programs in 2010 E.C. After prefeasibility study Hand dug well was recommended to serve the
whole community. The GW collectively yields about40 l/s at driest periods of time and the yield
will be needed for the design purpose.

4.6 Water Demand Estimation

In the design of any water supply project, it is necessary to estimate the amount of water that is
required to be supplied. This involves determining the number of people to be served and their
per capita water consumption along with analysis of the factors that may operate to affect
consumption.
Figure 3 water source (Ground water)
WET WELL
The design of this structure depends on the size of balancing reservoir and the hourly water
demand needed to pump to service reservoir. The raw water will enter the wet well from the
spring point by gravity. Design of wet well care must be taken
 To avoid vortex formation

 To maintain depth of water
 To obtain uniform distribution of water
4.6.1 Domestic Water Demand

The Domestic water demand is the daily water requirement for use by human being for different
domestic purposes like drinking, cooking, bathing, cleaning, gardening and etc. The domestic
water demand required by human being could be supplied or obtained through different modes of
services depending on the economic level and facilities owned by the individual.

4.7 Determination of Reservoir Capacity

Distribution reservoirs are storage reservoirs, which store water for supplying and also to help in
absorbing the hourly fluctuations in the normal water demand. Hence distribution reservoirs are
provided: -
❖ To absorb the hourly variations in demand
❖ To maintain constant pressure in the distribution main
❖ Water stored can be supplied during emergencies
Hence, to satisfy the conditions above storage reservoirs are required to be built at moderete
area. The reservoir capacity for DENDELEGA village is estimated by using analytical method.
The reservoir size of the rural areas is calculated by taking 1/3 of maximum day demand of the
area with Twelve hours’ storage time is to be used. The tables here under show the calculated
reservoir size, required at each five years’ interval, which is one-third the projected maximum
average day water demand.
Table 2reservoir size determination for Dendelega water supply
Reservoir Size of theDENDELEGLwater Supply project (Year 2007-2024)

Year Max. Day Discharge Reservoir Size Provide Standard
1/3Q in m3 Size(m3)
(m 3/d) Lit/sec
2007 602.4 6.97 200.8 200
2009 678.9 7.86 226.3 250

2014 883.7 10.23 294.566 300
2019 1125.4 13.03 375.133 400
2024 1363.9 15.79 454.633 500
seventeen (17) years the village will be need only 454.633m3 capacities of reservoir. But, due to
the standard reservoir capacity, it decided or proposed 500m3 capacity (Volume) of reservoir to
the village. Therefore, 500m3 service reservoir will be constructed. The area, at which this

reservoir to be constructed, is found at area elevation of =2346.505,m.a.s.l and located X

847944.042m Y[e] 397941.441m.
4.8 Construction methodology of reservoir

Service reservoir requires storing the treated water for supplying water to the users. The reservoir
balances the hourly fluctuation in the water demand. It is important to restrain cracking so that
cracking will be less (or do not take place). The design is generally governed by the requirements
of the serviceability and Service state. But stability considerations are important and design must
take careful account of the construction methods to be used. Reservoir is a structure mainly
provided for storing the clean water to the Keble.
4.8.1 Earth Work
4.8.1.1 Site clearance

Site clearance means removing of stones, tree and other unwanted materials up to 20cm into the
ground
4.8.1.2 Excavation
Excavate the above top soft soil up to depth of recommended from geotechnical investigation
report: -
❖ To make a good base for reservoir

❖ To find the ground level by cut and fill
Figure 4 site clearance and excavation
4.8.1.3 Compaction
Compaction is the process of applying mechanical energy to a soil mass so as to rearrange the
particles and making it dense through the expulsion of air from the voids between the soil grains
Compaction of soil layer within (20-30cm) thickness by using mechanical or technical method to
reduce the void of the soil part or to made the soil layer becoming density or increasing the soil
layer density. The reservoir foundation was compacted about 50cm depth with selective silt sand
soil for three layers in the inner part of the reservoir.
4.8.1.4 Filling of hard core

In this step, it is simply filling a fracture of stones for specified depth that is 250 mm in order to
attain the strength of the foundation.
4.8.2 Concrete work

 with Minimum cement content of 150kgs/m3 and the depth is 60mm. The mixing ratio of
the concrete is 1:3:6(cement: sand: aggregate)
 Casting 25cm thick base slab in grade C-25 reinforced concrete with minimum cement
Casting of 60mm thick lean concrete over hard core with concrete grade of C-25Mpa
content of 360kgs/m3 mixing ratio 1:2:3 filled into appropriate form work.

 construction of 10cm thick RCC grade C-25 filled between masonry wall reinforced with
hexagonal mesh wire of size ¾
 Casting 20cm thick concrete ring beam of grade C-25 with minimum cement of
360kg/m3.
4.8.3 Materials used in construction site
 Stone
 Basalt
 Batch Box
 Concrete (cement, sand, gravel, and water)
 Hammer
 High density poly ethylene pipe (HDPE)
 Measurement tape
 DCI Pipe
 Reinforcement bars
 Saw
 Small plastic water tanks
 Wood
 pump
4.8.3.1 Basalt stone
Exposed at or very near the surface of a terrestrial planet or Is a mafic extrusive igneous rock
formed from the rapid cooling of magnesium rich and ion rich lava a moon? Basalt is used for a
wide variety of purpose.it is most commonly crushed for use as an aggregate in construction
project. Hand dug well water supply project (the reservoir) is constructed with this masonry.
4.8.3.2 Concrete
Concrete is a strong hard building material composed of sand, gravel and water. The mixing ratio
of C-25 concrete is 1:2:3(cement: sand: gravel).

Figure 5: mixing the concert
4.8.3.3 The fine aggregate (sand)

Fine aggregates are small size filler materials in construction
4.8.3.4 The coarse aggregate (gravel)

Coarse aggregates are large filler materials size in Construction

Figure:6:course aggregate
4.8.3.5 Ductile Cast Iron Pipe (DCI)

Ductile iron pipe is pipe made of ductile cast iron commonly used for potable water transmission
and distribution. This type of pipe is a direct development of earlier cast iron pipe,which it has
superseded. There are different diameters of DCI pipes as measured in inches externally. Such
as: -3.96, 4.80, 6.90, 9.05,11.10, 13.20, 15,30 Benefits of DCI pipe is strong enough to withstand
the most severe conditions, from high pressure applications, to heavy earth and traffic loads,to
unstable soil conditions.
❖ They are free from corrosion
❖They are low damage rate
❖ They are easy to join, bending and installation
❖ They are highly resistant to acid water
❖ They are safe and reliable opration
❖ They are durable and unaffected by age

Figure 7: DCI PIPi
4.8.3.6 Batch box

Batch box: -is used to fix concrete grade and to measure the amount of sand and aggregates with
in a dimension of box is 20cm height, 40cm width, and 50cm length
Figure 8 : Sand and gravel carrying box

4.8.3.7 Reinforcement bars

It is used to construct many structures like reservoir, dam and road cross pipes. Bars have
different tensile strength. But the strength of the bar in our project had 300Mpa. It gives the
shape of the structure. For the project different diameter bars are used such as ф6, ф8 used for
tying reservoir.
Figure 9 :Reinforcement bar
4.8.4 Structural elements Placing reinforcement bar for base slab: -

The reinforcement bars are placed according to structural drawings this bar has high tensile
strength. In this project we have use 8mm bar for base floor and 6mm of bars for wall. This
reservoir is double reinforcement with spacer between them. The bars are placed with overlap of
200mm. The selection of reinforcement diameter according to design parameter.
Concrete for base slab: -The base slab was constructed from a mixed concrete and its thickness
was 10cm. The concrete has been mixed by mixing machine (mixer) at a ratio of 1:2:3 cement,
sand and aggregate respectively.
❖ To control water pressure uses to protect the reinforcement bar from sulphate attack corrosion
❖ To cover and fill the gap among hard cores; this leads to prevent the entry of water and air in
to the ground
❖ To protect the seepage of water from the ground

❖ It’s bedding of the base of reservoir
4.8.5 Masonry wall

 Construction of 20cm thick masonry wall on both sides of concrete core embedded with
cement sand mortar of mix 1:3
 Semi-dressed stone pavement around the reservoir 1m wide cemented with mix 1:3
cement mortars
4.8.6 Water stops

Water stop (construction joint) is made up of synthetic rubber used in construction. It put
between base and wall of reservoir to control the seepage because the construction of wall is
beginning after drying of base of reservoirs.
4.8.7 Form work (panel)

Form work can be constructed from wood and steel supporter. It supports the pressure of fresh
concrete in the foundation and wall of circular reservoir. On our project site metal formwork was
used. The formwork supported by steel supporter. Fixing formwork position not too rotate as the
time casing and compacting concrete essential task at the construction of foundation and wall of
circular reservoir.
Figure 10 :Formwork
4.8.8 Accessories of the reservoir

 Inlet pipe: - installed at upper of the reservoir used for entry of water

 Outlet pipe: - installed at the bottom of the reservoir used for lift of water
 Washout pipe: - DN80GI below the floor of the reservoir used for remove water after
wash clean the reservoir
 Overflow pipe: -DN80GI it below the roof of the reservoir it extends internally up to
freeboard about 30cm below the board
 Vent pipe: - DN40PVC at the top of the reservoir used for free circulation of air
 Water level indicator: - used to indicate the level of water
 Ladder: - used to climb the reservoir in for inspection
 Manhole: - used to entry a man for inspection
Back Filling
 Selected material is prepared from borrowed site

 Check all black cotton soils are removed from the hole before backfilling
 Checking all the ground trench and places was back fill shall be executed is
 Cleaned from grass bush and piece of wood
 The ground should be laid equally on either side of pipes

CHAPTER FIVE
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1 CONCLUSION
Lack of potable and adequate water supply is a chronic problem of the project area. The
project aim is to improve the living standard of the people who live around the project area and
solve the problem of drinking water. Population in this project area is those which are affected
by lack of potable and adequate water. To reduce such problems Dendelega water supply project
is very essential to reduce or eliminate such problems. The project is about 15 km long starting
from the capital of Borena woreda, Mekaneselam town. This project is started to be designed at
end of 2010 E.C and hopefully it will be completed on 2015 E.C and after some weeks it starts
supplying potable and adequate water to the people. The capacity of the reservoirs is determined
based on the maximum day demand at the end of the design period. The proposed potential water
source is ground water. To supply water, the distribution system is used by pump system.
Generally, after the Dendelega water supply project is completed, it is expected that the
population in the project area can get potable and adequate water and become healthy and
productive. Moreover, the provision of potable and adequate water enhances the development of
the targeted kebele and contributes to the poverty reduction.
Generally, I have concluded this Internship project makes us to improve my communication

skill, commitment to a given task, accepting criticism and helping habits. It also helps us to
maximize my future career plan on the job regarding with our class room knowledge. So, I
would like to appreciate our university and Menshen Fur Menshen company because they
ordered me to do my practical attachment on Dendelega Water supply project.
The internship program is very essential for all technology students, because they develop their
practical skills. I have benefited a lot from the four-month internship program. Hence, I have
developed a confidence for our future career plan, especially on water supply project, Population
forecasting, Demand determination, Source selection, Service reservoir construction and
connection to the main pipe line. Finally, connection of distribution line from the main line

during my internship program I was able to develop skills such as : practical skill, theoretical
knowledge and my interpersonal communication skill. The internship program leads to compare
my class room knowledge with a real work life. So that, as observed on site practically, I think it
was easier and more interested than learning theoretically.
5.2 RECOMMENDATION
My four-month internship period was good in both qualitatively and quantitatively. But the main
problem which I have observed is that the project was not finished with the proposed
implementation schedule. The supervisor told that the project should be completed within four
months. But because of lack of transport system and materials like, DCI pipes which are not
locally available it took six months and still it is on the finishing process. Due to this fact, the
demand did not get access of clean water from the new system on time. It becomes uneconomical,
because the cost of labor, fuel and salary of the engineers of the project is increased per day. So
that, I recommend that the project should be finish on time to avoid the serious problems of the
demand in a short time and to be economical. The project was designed to be finished within four
months; but for the time being it shows dilation of its deadline due to different reasons. The
company should avoid those problems and fasten the work because the kebele is in high shortage
of clean water.
Due to the case the project area is far from the city and also from the road from borena to Addis
Ababa the materials cannot arrive on time, so that this makes the construction to be late and as
cigarette & chat. The other and the main problem where the dispute raised by the land owner of
the place which is chosen for the reservoir construction this is happened by the inability of the
contractor not to pay the compensation payment on time for the land owner unable to conclude on
time.

References
1. Borena wereda vital evnt office [2001-2011
2. CSA`s National population & housing urban growth rate census, 1994 & 2007
3. Donald, M. M. (2014). 15 towns water supply and sanitation project.: ag consul

hydrologist and engineer.
4. Urban water supply design criteria (MOWRD 2006 E.C), Amhara region, Ethiopia

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AMBO UNIVERSITY

HACHALU HUNDESSA CAMPUS

SCHOOL OF CIVIL AND ENVIROMNETAL ENGINEERING

DEPARTMENT OF HYDRAULIC AND WATER RESOURCES ENGINERING

CAMPANY MENSHEN FUR MENSHEN

Name: Wubye Abebaw Signature………………….

BY:WUBYE ABEBAWE ii HWRE

BY:WUBYE ABEBAWE iii HWRE

BY:WUBYE ABEBAWE iv HWRE

2.4 Challenges faced during internship and mechanisms ............................................................................. 8

BY:WUBYE ABEBAWE v HWRE

4.8.3 Materials used in construction site .......................................................................................... 26

BY:WUBYE ABEBAWE vi HWRE

BY:WUBYE ABEBAWE vii HWRE

BY:WUBYE ABEBAWE viii HWRE

CSA Central Statistics Agency

DCIP Ductile Cast iron pipe

GIS Geographic Information System

GPS Geographic Position System

GTP Growth rate Transformation Plan

PVC Polyvinyl Chloride

RCC Reinforced Concrete

BY:WUBYE ABEBAWE ix HWRE

1.2 Objectives of internship

1.2.1 General objective

1.2.2 Specific objectives of the internship

❖ To communicate with different professionals

❖ To work with other people co-operatively

❖ To Learn new technology or apply existing knowledge in new ways

❖ To learn professional skills by participating in a professional work environment

❖ To develop a mentoring relationship with and a Professional network

❖ To gain writing, verbal and physical communication skills

❖ To build up creative thinking and problem-solving abilities

1.4 Background of the of the company

BY:WUBYE ABEBAWE 2 HWRE

1.5 Vision and Mission Of The Company

BY:WUBYE ABEBAWE 3 HWRE

1.7 Objective of the company

1.7.2 Specific objectives of company

❖ To improve clean water supply coverage of the kebele.

1.8 End users of company product

BY:WUBYE ABEBAWE 4 HWRE

 Population of the Keble and neighboring rural area .

1.9 Organizational structure and work flow

Figure 1 work flow

1.10 Values of company

 Achieving the energy needs the community

BY:WUBYE ABEBAWE 5 HWRE

1.11 The main products and service of the company

BY:WUBYE ABEBAWE 6 HWRE

2.0 OVERALL EXPRIANCE

2.1 Section of company I have worked

❖ Construction supervision and construction administration office

❖ Water resource development facilities and work skim

2.2 Work flow in the section

BY:WUBYE ABEBAWE 7 HWRE

2.3 Activities I have performed during internship period

2.3.1 Activities performed on the office

2.3.2 Activities performed in the site

❖ Checking depth and spacing between the reinforcement bars

❖ Understanding the construction process and ask in a technical question

❖Understand how to GW sources supply to the community