Labster 1 PDF

LABSTER 1: Vectors and Scalars: Guide two
astronauts on a mission to Mars
1. How is Astronaut A going to move in order to

cover the distance from -300 to 0 to get back
at the spaceship? 300 m distance traveled and a bit more than 200
m displacement
In the normal way astronauts walk on the
surface of Mars 7. Astronaut A can cover 10 meters per minute
walking with the heavy shovel. What does
2. What or who is located at (100, -200)?
this sentence describe?
Astronaut B
The speed of the astronaut
3. If your workbench is facing North according
8. How much time do the astronauts need to
to the compass bearing to your left, and
reach LERS-M when covering the distance
assuming that you need to go from the dot
from the spacecraft to the rover? Remember
on paper A to the dot on paper B. Which
that the distance to the Rover from the
would be the overall direction of the route
spacecraft is 500 meters and the velocities
you would follow on the workbench?
are: 10m/min for Astronaut A and 20m/min
Point B is south-east of point A for Astronaut B.
4. Which is the route of minimum All statements are correct

displacement for astronaut B from his
9. Using the Pythagorean theorem, which is the
current location, back to the spacecraft to
distance of the spacecraft to LERS-M? The C
pick up the hammer?
line represents the total displacement and A
and B lines are the x and y coordinates
D – They are all the same
5. Which is the route of minimum distance that

500 meters = sqr(300^2+400^2)
the astronaut B needs to on travel to arrive
to the spacecraft? 10. If you drop something on the surface on
Mars, will it drop with the same speed as if
you had dropped it form the same height on
the surface of Earth?
It would reach the surface of the Earth faster –

C – Direction of movement doesn’t affect the gravity on Mars is almost three time lower than
answer (scalar quantity) Earth
6. Which is the distance traveled and which is
the total displacement of astronaut B, in the
following case?
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LABSTER 2: Forces and Free-Body Diagrams: 16. A mass rolling on the wedge. Why is the
May the forces be with you Normal force relevant to the problem?
11. Which direction of displacement is relevant Without it, objects would not be able to stand a
to Dr. One’s problem with floating at a surface – To experience normal force, two
certain height? objects should be in contact, if no Force is
existing, then all objects would pass through
The vertical direction – it is interested in staying
Earth to the core
at a certain height
17. Which force should you increase to move the
12. Using the mass of Dr. One’s body, which is
mass down the hill?
equal to 4 kg, you can determine her weight.
The weight of a body is also called the force The weight – Friction and normal force do not
of gravity, and this is a force that does not affect the movement of mass
need contact between objects to exist. Since
18. Which forces should you take into account
the acceleration of gravity is approximately
when breaking forces down into a horizontal
g~10ms-2, and the force of gravity Fg = mg,
direction?
with how much force is the Earth pulling Dr.
One now?
40N – F = mg (4 x 10)
13. Is the center of gravity assigned at the right

place for the following bodies?
Only bodies A and B have their centers

described correctly – For C, the center of mass
should move to left and D should move to right Forces from motors 1 and 2 – weight only
causes motion in the vertical direction
14. Where is the center of gravity, and where is
the center of mass of Dr. One?
Both are located at the center of her core
STRING FORCES: Weight, Restoring
15. If the restoring force is 100N and the ball

weights 80N, what is the net force in which
direction?
20N upwards F = FRESTORE – FG = 20 N
UNDERWATER FORCES: Weight, Buoyancy
WEDGE FORCES: Weight, Friction, Normal
LABSTER 3: Law of Universal Gravitation: Use 23. In general, what is the name of a force that
gravity to orbit the moon makes a body follow a curved path?
19. Which law connects the acceleration of an Centripetal force – It is the force necessary to
object to the force acting on it? keep an object on a circular path
Newton’s 2nd Law of Motion – FG = mg
20. What would be the outcome of the

experiment if we doubled the mass attached
to the pendulum?
Gravitational acceleration would be unchanged

– why all objects on Earth fall at the same rate
MASS OF EARTH: 5.972 x 1024 kg
21. Have a look at the data points on the screen.

How are g and M related?
MOON (Measuring g in Orbit)
g is directly proportional to M, i.e., g~M –

according to the 2nd law of motion, gravitational
force must be proportional to both masses and SATELLITE (Measuring g in Orbit)
M.
22. Which of the following statements is

24. Have a look at the data points on the screen
correct?
and compare the values for an object on the
An object orbiting the Earth is in constant free surface of the Earth, a satellite, or the moon.
fall, but never hits the Earth – the moon is in What is your guess for the distance
free fall but it moves so fast, that it never hits dependence of g?
the Earth
g ~ 1/r2
25. What is the approximate gravitational force car is moving at a constant speed but direction
between Newton and an apple on his of movement is changing
workbench?
29. If a car has zero acceleration, does it mean
-9
Fg~10 N that it is moving?
26. Speaking of Mercury, approximately how Yes, a car moving with zero acceleration may be
long is one year on the planet closest to the moving with constant velocity
Sun? The sizes of the objects in our model of
30. Before you get your hands dirty and start
the solar system are not scale; however, the
building cars, it is a matter of safety to
relative orbital periods around the Sun are.
understand basic concepts that govern this
So you can answer this question by counting
science. How much do you know about
the revolutions of Mercury during one Earth
inertia?
year.
Newton’s First Law of Motion is often called the
Approximately 90 Earth days – a year on
Principle of Inertia
Mercury is 87.97 days where as Neptune lasts
165 years 31. How would you ruin the demonstration with
the boxes?
27. Which of the following curves is not a conic
section and is therefore, not a possible
trajectory?
Cycloid
LABSTER 4: Newton’s Laws of Motion:

Understanding active and passive safety in
motorsports
28. Safety while driving is a very important issue,

and in order to understand this better, you Pull or push the box really slowly
should feel confident with the way a car 32. Which conditions describe a box with zero
moves. The first thing to do is dust off some acceleration?
knowledge on the motion of cars. Is the car
above accelerating? All conditions describe such a box – when a box
has no forces acting on it, then the 2nd Law of
Motion describes a box moving with zero
acceleration
33. Cars need to have different types of tires for

various weather conditions. Which of the
following cars will move faster if the same
force is acting on them?
The lesser mass car will accelerate faster
Yes, since the direction of the movement 34. Optimizing the friction of the tires given the
changes – Acceleration is vector quantity, the conditions of the road is part of the active
safety features which reduce the chances of
an accident of collision in the first place.
Select the correct option from the following
when pushing a box with 10 N?
The 5 kg box will move twice as fast as a 10 kg

box
35. Based on what you have seen so far, which

of the following expressions best defines the
relationship between the acceleration, a, of
a moving box (with mass -m-) and the net Yes, the wheels push the road with an equal
force exerted on it, which is making it move? force to that of the road pushing them
F = ma, changes in the net force would linearly 39. At the moment the car has speed of 100
change the acceleration km/h. How do you think the driver
experiences this in the car?
36. Now that we have established Newton’s
Second Law of Motion(F=ma) what will The car is stationary for the driver – the driver
happen to a box if I push it with 10N? is moving along the same speed as the car
The 5kg box will accelerate more than the 10kg 40. If another car passes our race car at 110
box km/h how fast does the Labster race car
driver think the passing car is moving?
37. It is easy to assume that when two equally
sized cars crash with each other, the force 10 km/h
exerted from the first car is equal to the
41.
force exerted from the second car, but what
would you guess happens when a racing car
hits a brick?
The brick will hit the car with an equal but

opposite force than the car hit it
38. Are there any pairs of forces exerted on a

parked car in the vertical direction?
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LABSTER 1: Vectors and Scalars: Guide two

astronauts on a mission to Mars

1. How is Astronaut A going to move in order to

4. Which is the route of minimum All statements are correct

D – They are all the same

5. Which is the route of minimum distance that

It would reach the surface of the Earth faster –

13. Is the center of gravity assigned at the right

Only bodies A and B have their centers

Both are located at the center of her core

STRING FORCES: Weight, Restoring

15. If the restoring force is 100N and the ball

20N upwards F = FRESTORE – FG = 20 N

UNDERWATER FORCES: Weight, Buoyancy

WEDGE FORCES: Weight, Friction, Normal

Newton’s 2nd Law of Motion – FG = mg

20. What would be the outcome of the

Gravitational acceleration would be unchanged

MASS OF EARTH: 5.972 x 1024 kg

21. Have a look at the data points on the screen.

g is directly proportional to M, i.e., g~M –

22. Which of the following statements is

LABSTER 4: Newton’s Laws of Motion:

28. Safety while driving is a very important issue,

33. Cars need to have different types of tires for

The lesser mass car will accelerate faster

The 5 kg box will move twice as fast as a 10 kg

35. Based on what you have seen so far, which

The brick will hit the car with an equal but

38. Are there any pairs of forces exerted on a

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