Group Number: 2

PRELIMINARIES
Topic: Relationship of Environmental Elements to Students’ Reading Performance
Variables: 1. Reading Performance
2. Environmental Elements
Theory(ies): Cognitive Development Theory by Jean Piaget Brief explanation: Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development, intelligence fluctuates as children
(Applicable theory based on your variables) grow. A child's cognitive growth entails more than just absorbing knowledge; the
youngster must also create or construct a mental picture of the world. Cognitive
development happens as a result of the combination of intrinsic abilities and external
circumstances, and children progress through a number of phases.

How will it be used In this study, the researchers will determine if the environmental factors affect the
in this study: students’ reading performance. Environmental influences have been shown to have
impact on kids' learning performance in numerous studies in the Philippines. This will
help us to assess the cognitive development of a person based on gathering
information/s.
With this theory, the researchers will focus on the effects of the environmental
factors on students’ reading performance. The researchers also want to determine if
these hindrances affect the students’ cognitive development. Moreover, the
researchers also want to find out how to obtain academic competency which will help
the students to be much more aware on the process they need to do in order to
obtain it.

Research Questions: 1. What is the relationship between the age of the respondents and their environment?
2. What is the relationship between the sex of the respondents and their environment?
3. What is the relationship between the respondents’ environment and reading performance?
4. What proposed solution will be implemented to increase students reading performance based on the outcomes of the study?

Possible Output:
RESEARCH PROPOSAL
Propose Title: The Influence of Environmental Factors on Students’ Reading Performance: A Link to Academic Competency
Research Design: Correlational Design
Statement of the Problems: 1. How may the respondents' socio-demographic profile be described in terms of:
1.1 age; and
1.2 sex?

Variable # 1: Environmental Literacy
Author(s)
1. Thermopro
Researcher: John Michael Diaz
2. How may the environment of the students describe in terms of:
2.1 lighting;
2.2 temperature; and
2.3 sound?
3. How do reading performance of the students be describe in terms of:
3.1 active reading; and
3.2 critical thinking?
4. Is there significant relationship between the profile of the respondents and their environment?
5. Is there significant relationship between respondents' environment and reading performance?
6. What proposed solution will be implemented to increase students reading performance based on the outcomes of the study?
ANNOTATION OF ARTICLES/STUDIES
INTERNATIONAL STUDIES
Year Title Summary of the Article Researcher’s Understanding
2020 Relations between Temperature : This study looked at the connections between temperature and The researcher was not
and School Work Performances previously informed that having a
schoolwork performance. It is critical to understand the classroom
pleasant atmosphere or
temperature restrictions that will create the ideal atmosphere for students temperature in the classroom will
and teachers. Both low and high temperatures in a classroom might impair assist pupils in being more
productive students and achieving
students’ capacity to study. For the best results, both teachers and students
higher academic results. However,
require a conducive learning atmosphere. the researcher learnt a lot from
When the temperatures are harsh, students find it difficult to this study, such as how
environmental factors affect
concentrate. The human body has a tendency to react to a rise in
students’ reading performance.
temperature. As a result, both the brain and the body are diverted from Environment’s temperature has a
learning in order to acquire comfort. huge factor for it can contribute to
students’ focus and dedication to
It has been demonstrated that classroom temperatures have an effect on learn.
how human memory functions. When temperatures are high, there is a
drop in concentration, affecting students’ capacity to grasp concepts in
class. It also causes a significant amount of exhaustion. When the
temperatures are hot, students and teachers become fatigued. Overall,
 body tiredness is another factor that can divert students’ attention away
from the classroom.
In addition, low temperatures paired with high humidity might lead to
poor academic performance. Aside from promoting mold growth, high
humidity creates dust, which causes sneezing. Worse, it has the potential to
spread to other ailments and even affect pupils’ ability to concentrate in
class.

2. Sanaz Ahmadpoor Samani 2012
and Soodeh Ahmadpoor
Samani
Researcher: Leila Libunao
The Impact of Indoor Lighting on
Students’ Learning Performance
in Learning Environments: A
Knowledge Internalization
Perspective
The purpose of this research is to assess the effect of indoor lighting on From what the researcher can tell,
students’ learning performance in learning environments in terms of this study is attempting to
knowledge internalization. This study is a comprehensive review of the demonstrate the importance of
literature on the effect of indoor lighting on people’s productivity and light to us. It has a significant
performance, specifically on students’ learning performance.
impact on our daily lives,
In terms of illumination, sunlight holds a unique position and draws an
particularly our educational
unusually large number of attentions. Numerous studies have demonstrated
that having access to natural light and a fresh air system improves health, pursuits. Improving lighting in our
comfort, and productivity. homes, schools, and other places
This study investigated a regression model, after which the researchers where students learn can be quite
used the Pulay (2010) survey to estimate the impact of illumination on beneficial. Consider how difficult it
student learning performance. Using data from a survey of 150 Malaysian would be for us to live and study if
students enrolled in the Alpha course. The survey results suggest that there were no lights at all.
lighting quality has a significant impact on students’ learning performance,
which is supported by interviews with two experts.
According to the conclusions of this study, enhancing illumination in
learning spaces is crucial for improving student learning performance and
motivating them to learn more.

3. Zannin and Zwirtes
Researcher:Ruby May Mendoza
2009 Investigating the Impact of The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of environmental It’s fascinating to learn how many
Environmental Factors on elements (schools’ open space, noise, lighting, and art in educational elements influence learners’ learning
Learning and Academic facilities) on elementary kids’ learning and academic achievement. Data skills. The study aims to highlight
Achievement of Elementary from Iran Medex, Magiran, Iran Journal, SID, PubMed/Medline, Google how environmental influences
Students: Review Scholar, Scopus, and ISI Web of Knowledge were surveyed. The MeSH influence students’ learning and
phrase “Impact of schools’ open space, noise, lighting, and painted academic accomplishment. All
educational institutions on learning and academic achievement of factors are being discussed and
elementary students” has been used in a database without language researched, including school open
restrictions since 2000 sources. space and noise, insufficient
 Initially, 252 papers were discovered by conducting extensive searches in temperature, insufficient light,
databases, of which 39 were chosen based on the recommendations of overcrowded classes, misplaced
medical education experts. Two investigators worked independently to boards, and incorrect classroom
analyze data extraction and evaluate the quality of the literature. layout. These are regarded
According to studies, noise pollution is the leading cause of discomfort confounding circumstances that
among teachers and pupils, manifesting as discomfort, impatience, lack of might distract pupils in class and
attention, drowsiness, weariness, depression, and headache. Furthermore, have a significant impact on their
it can cause cardiovascular, pulmonary, and gastrointestinal difficulties in performance and cognitive
the long run. Other research has found that noise pollution can induce poor capacities.
concentration in school, interfering with conversations, dropping kids from
classes, and even lowering their marks, particularly in arithmetic. Some
researches concentrated on hearing loss and mental issues in pupils as a
result of noise pollution.
The findings revealed that noise in educational institutions has a negative
and suitable coloring, lighting of the educational environment, and school
open space has an impact on elementary school students’ learning and
academic progress. The findings show that school administrators in the
country should consider environmental issues when constructing
instructional environments.

LOCAL STUDIES
1. Falsario, H., Muyong, R., 2014 Classroom Climate and “The State recognizes the crucial role of teachers in nation building and Many kids and teachers would
Nuesvaespaña, J., Academic Performance of development through a responsible and literate citizenry,” says Republic Act benefit from this research for they
(Retrieved from Education Students No. 7836, also known as the Philippine Teachers Professionalization Act of will be aware about the impact of
1994, in its Statement of Policy. Although learning can take place in other temperature on learning.
Researcher: John Michael Diaz places, the classroom remains the primary learning setting in schools. On Temperature has a big impact on
this basis, educators must strive to make the classroom the best possible how the human body and memory
environment for students to achieve their full academic potential. Andy work. Students may feel fatigue and
Hargreaves and Michael Fullon agree. exhaustion when the temperature is
The study’s goal was to learn about students’ opinions of their classroom high, according to the report.
climate, academic performance in The Teaching Profession, and the Meanwhile, if the temperature is too
relationship between classroom climate and academic achievement. low, students will do poorly in class.
Respondents in the study were 123 fourth-year BSED and BEED students As a result, it is critical to consider
enrolled in the course “The Teaching Profession,” who had already spent the proper temperature within the
three and a half years in the research location’s learning environment. classroom, which should be neither
According to the data, respondents rated the classroom climate as “Most too hot nor too cold, but rather
Conducive.” Students had a great experience with the classroom climate. It moderate, in order to maintain an
was, in some ways, a climate that encouraged learning to some level, if not active mind.
to the fullest. The majority of students had “Very Good” academic
 performance.

2. Paul Emmanuel Payabyab
Dela Rosa
Researcher: Leila Libunao
2019 Physical Learning Environment
on the Academic Achievement
in Entrepreneurship of Grade 10
Students
High Academic Achievement of students is the aim of the Philippines to The researcher used to believe that
have a globally competitive individual. The descriptive research aimed to the quality of lights had no bearing
find out the relationship between the physical learning environment on the on a person’s ability to learn, but
academic achievement of students in Entrepreneurship. this study indicates that the quality
The study’s participants are students in Grade 10 at Siniloan Integrated and color of light have an impact on
National High School in Siniloan, Laguna. Only three (3) sections of the study a learner’s academic achievement.
were delimited from eleven (11) sections, and 150 respondents were Everything in a student’s
chosen as a sample using cluster sampling and the fishbowl technique. The environment, including ICT
checklist questionnaire was chosen because the study was descriptive in materials, furniture, lighting, and
nature. ventilation, as well as their learning
High Academic Achievement of Students is the Philippines’ goal in order area, has an impact on their
to produce a globally competitive individual. The descriptive study sought to learning. His academic success is
ascertain the association between the physical learning environment and influenced by his environment.
students’ academic progress in Entrepreneurship.
Students in Grade 10 at Siniloan Integrated National High School in
Siniloan, Laguna, are taking part in the study. The study was divided into
three (3) sections from eleven (11) sections, and 150 respondents were
chosen as a sample using cluster sampling and the fishbowl technique.
Because the study was descriptive in nature, a checklist questionnaire was
employed.

3. : Theakston (2011), Goines& 2011, 2007,
Hagler (2007), Hagler 1999, 2009
(1999)Lane (2009), Hagler
(1999
Researcher: Ruby May Mendoza
Effects of Noise Pollution in the This study hypothesized that noise pollution in the learning environment When it comes to studying and
Learning Environment on could have a significant impact on students’ cognitive performance. attention, too much noise might be
Cognitive Performances Memory, focus, and reading comprehension are all indicators of cognitive distracting. The study focuses on
performance. Memory is a sign that learning has been retained throughout how noise affects the learning
time. Working memory is the storage of a little amount of information in a environment, particularly students’
manner that is easily accessible. It improves planning, comprehension, cognitive function. Noise has a
thinking, and problem-solving abilities. variety of harmful impacts, ranging
The capacity and act of paying attention to a single activity or thing is from interference with cognitive
referred to as concentration. Attention, on the other hand, is the behavioral processes to harming mental and
and cognitive act of selectively concentrating on one part of the physical health, according to the
environment while disregarding others, which promotes learning. Reading report. They hope to demonstrate
comprehension is the ability of a pupil to perceive and comprehend the this by demonstrating that students’
meanings provided by texts. Serious attention to the noise pollution attentiveness to their presentations
problem in common learning environments in the Philippines is required, as is dwindling. Daily tasks such as
 well as sound limit policies and frequent sound level monitoring in schools bodily movements, emotional
and residential areas. Health education programs delivered by health responses, and perceptual and
education experts in schools and communities are required to provide cognitive capabilities all rely heavily
children and their parents with information and skills to address present on attention.
and potential environmental problems.
The purpose of this descriptive study was to determine the association
between the intensity and sources of noise pollution and the cognitive
abilities of college students. The findings demonstrate dramatically
heightened levels of noise pollution in common learning contexts, which are
mostly created by the students themselves, as well as statistical proof that
noise pollution has a negative impact on the cognitive performances of
student-participants.

Variable # 2: Reading Performance

Author(s) Year Title Summary of the Article Researcher’s Understanding
1. Ellah Hendrix 2019 How your surroundings affect Therefore, I conclude that several
Researcher: Unice Mae Dallo the way you study 1 studies have indicated that mess
Learning environments, according to research, have a significant impact and clutter might impair learning
on student progress. Seating, light, noise, and even color can all affect one's
abilities. According to research, if
ability to study. Students who study in a positive learning environment are
your study room is neat and tidy,
more motivated, engaged, and have a higher overall ability to learn.
Students learning in poor conditions, on the other hand — ones that are you will be more motivated and
uncomfortable, noisy, or full of distractions — will have a far harder time focused on your studying.
remembering what they've learned and staying interested. With this in Disorganized and cluttered spaces,
mind, let's look at how your surroundings affect your study habits, as well as on the other hand, might induce
some of the best ways to create your ideal learning environment to focus on feelings of worry and anxiety,
what you are reading or listening. which will obviously have a poor
impact on your learning. As a
Your study environment has a big impact on how well you learn and result, it's usually a good idea to
assimilate new information. Noise, lighting, and color can all have an impact give your study area a quick clean
on your ability to learn. As a result, you should keep these crucial before you begin studying.
considerations in mind as you design your ideal study place.

2. Herminia N Falsario, Raul F 2014 Classroom Climate and The association between classroom atmosphere and student academic This demonstrates that having a
Muyong, Jenny S Academic Performance of achievement was the focus of this study. Learning can be both pleasurable well-ventilated, cool, and tidy
Nuevaespaña Education Students and challenging, especially if you are uncomfortable in your surroundings. classroom can help pupils learn
Researcher: Leila Libunao
more effectively. Students'
The students who took the Teaching Profession were 123 fourth-year
 Bachelor of Secondary Education and Bachelor of Elementary Education reading, listening, and thinking
students. The Classroom Climate questionnaire, which was developed from are all affected by the weather,
the downloadable instrument, was utilized in the survey. and if their classroom is too hot,
they may not be able to study
According to the findings of the study, the classroom climate has some
correctly. Let's face it, we can't
influence on students' academic achievement. Teachers could use individual
think clearly when we're
or group engagement to get the most out of their pupils. Teachers could
work to create a positive classroom environment that will assist students in uncomfortable.
achieving academic achievement.
Synthesis
Researcher: Unice Mae Dallo Foreign Synthesis Local Synthesis

Theories and certain studies have supported
the idea that environmental factors have an impact on
students’ academic performance in learning
environments from the standpoint of knowledge
internalization. Temperature, sound, and illumination
are all factors to consider. This study is a systematic
evaluation of the literature on the impact of indoor
factors on people's productivity and performance,
particularly students' learning performance.
According to Harvard Kennedly School, there is
a link between a classroom temperature and learning
ability. Students, for example, find it difficult to
concentrate when the weather is hot. When the body's
temperature rises, it tends to induce a reaction. As a
result, both the brain and the body avoid learning in
order to attain comfort.
Furthermore, research has shown that
classroom temperatures have an effect on how people
remember things. When temperatures are high, people
have a hard time concentrating, which makes it difficult
to absorb concepts in class. It also leads to a feeling of
exhaustion. When the weather is hot, students and
teachers become exhausted. Another factor that can
draw students' attention away from the classroom is
physical exhaustion. It signifies that one's ability to
grasp information is harmed, and learning becomes
Environmental influences have been shown to have
an impact on kids' learning performance in numerous
studies in the Philippines. This study focuses on ways to
increase students' academic performance in order to
obtain quality education in the Philippines. 
During teaching or studying sessions, unwanted
background noise in common learning environments
available to students in the Philippines frequently exceeds
the maximum level advised by the World Health
Organization (WHO). For children in many schools and
homes across the country, these loud background noises
are a nuisance. These noises contribute to unhealthy
learning environments and put students at danger in terms
of their cognitive, academic, and professional
development. The association between the intensity and
sources of noise pollution and the cognitive performance
of college students was investigated in this descriptive
study. 
The findings demonstrate dramatically heightened
levels of noise pollution in typical learning contexts, mostly
created by students, as well as statistical proof that noise
pollution has a negative impact on student-participants'
cognitive function. Noise pollution; learning environment;
cognitive performance; negative consequences; learning
skills; health education are all terms that come to mind
more difficult. Therefore, low temperatures paired with
high humidity can result in poor academic performance.
High humidity causes dust, which causes sneezing, in
addition to mold growth.
Also, this research suggests that improving
illumination in learning environments is critical for
improving students' learning performance and
motivating them to learn more. The researchers used
the Pulay (2010) survey to determine the impact of
illumination on student learning performance. Using
survey data from 150 students enrolled in the Alpha
course in Malaysia. Lighting quality has a considerable
impact on pupils' learning performance, according to
this study, which is backed up by interviews with two
experts. Poor illumination in classrooms, according to
pupils, makes them sleepy and makes it difficult for
them to focus on their work. Students also realize that
raising the illumination will improve their performance.
This study found that combining two forms of lighting in
classrooms (daylight and artificial light, which includes
both yellow and fluorescent lighting) can assist children
have improved lighting quality. Based on the findings,
lighting has a significant impact on students' learning
performance in learning environments. According to all
research, lighting and how it is used in learning
environments is dependent on the subject being
studied. In all types of lighting, lighting regulation is
essential to avoid discomfort and glare. Students also
feel and act better in an environment with appropriate
lighting. The finest lighting quality is achieved when
daylight or natural light is combined with artificial light
(Erwine & Heschong, 2002).
In addition, numerous studies have
demonstrated that loud noises have a harmful impact
on children's reading and memory (Theakston, 2011).
Noise pollution interferes with verbal communication,
inhibits comprehension, hinders task performances
such as reading attention and memory, and causes
while thinking about noise pollution. 
In addition, some researchers conduct a study where
the participants are students in Grade 10 at Siniloan
Integrated National High School in Siniloan, Laguna. Only
three (3) sections of the study were delimited from eleven
(11) sections, and 150 respondents were chosen as a
sample using cluster sampling and the fishbowl technique.
The checklist questionnaire was chosen because the study
was descriptive in nature. The instrument employed,
however, was a modified questionnaire developed by
Ahmad, Yahata, Abdullah, Noh, and Adnan (2015) to
analyze the respondents' physical learning environment.
The respondents' previous grade in Entrepreneurship was
used as the basis for calculating their academic
achievement. Pearson's r correlation was utilized to
determine the link and relevance of the physical learning
environment and academic accomplishment in
Entrepreneurship. 
According to the findings, ICT Materials have a low
correlation and are considered significant, but furniture
and fixtures, lighting and ventilation, and learning area
have a minor association and are regarded not significant.
According to the findings of the study, ICT Materials are
important in students’ academic accomplishment in
Entrepreneurship, and classrooms should be constructed
such that various technologies can be used efficiently. In
addition, schools must offer students with up-to-date
laptops and LCD projectors in the classroom. Academic
Achievement and Physical Learning Environment are two
concepts that come to mind while thinking about this
study. 
While in the study of Herminia N. Falsario, Raul F.
Muyong, and Jenny S. Nuevaespaña, their respondents
rated the classroom climate as "Most Conducive." In terms
of classroom atmosphere, students had a positive
experience. It was a climate that encouraged learning to
concentration and communication problems, according
to the WHO's Community Noise Guidelines (Goines&
Hagler, 2007; Hagler, 1999). Noise has been shown to
have the greatest impact on reading attention, problem
solving, and memory, as well as communication
abilities, resulting in misinterpretation of instructions,
decreased motivation, and higher rates of error,
according to studies (Lane,2009; Hagler,1999)
The importance of this research is highlighted
by the fact that the learning environment has a major
impact on students' learning outcomes. The wrong
temperature, insufficient light, overcrowded classes,
misplaced boards, and an improper classroom
arrangement are all potential confounding elements
distracting kids in class. The purpose of this study was
to look at the effects of environmental factors (such as
school open space, noise, lighting, and art in
educational buildings) on student learning and
academic achievement. The benefits of maintaining an
ideal temperature and humidity in a classroom are
numerous. It ensures that classroom sessions are
productive.
some extent, albeit not to its full potential. The vast
majority of students received a “Very Good” grade on their
academic performance. The positive link between
classroom atmosphere and academic performance is low
to moderately low. The diversity in academic performance
can be explained by a small amount of classroom
atmosphere. 
Academic achievement is not strongly connected with
classroom atmosphere for BEED students.  It's possible
that the classroom climate isn't the only element
influencing their academic achievement.  Positively, other
qualities such as their personal persistence and
determination to achieve academic achievement wherever
they are or their ability to achieve academic success
regardless of classroom climate could be significant
factors. Therefore, academic achievement is strongly
linked to classroom atmosphere for BSED students. 
Based on the findings of the researchers, these
environmental factors have influenced the students’
academic achievement to some extent. As a result, the
Philippines' goal for students is to acquire excellent
academic proficiency in order to compete globally. The
purpose of this descriptive study was to see how the
physical learning environment affected students' academic
performance.