‫ﻣﺰﺍﻳﺎ ﻭ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﺐ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻳﻲ ﺳﻪ ﻓﺎﺯ‬

‫ﻣﺰﺍﻳﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻳﻲ ﺳﻪ ﻓﺎﺯ ‪:‬‬

‫‪ -‬ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -‬ﻋﺪﻡ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮ ﻭ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﺭﺯﺍﻥ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺳﺎﺩﮔﻲ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺍﺳﺘﺤﻜﺎﻡ‬

‫ﻣﻌﺎﻳﺐ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻳﻲ ﺳﻪ ﻓﺎﺯ ‪:‬‬

‫– ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪.‬‬

‫– ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺳﺨﺖﺗﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫– ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﻗﺪﺭﺕ ﻧﺴﺒﺘﺎﹰ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﻭ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‬

‫‪1‬‬
‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن ﻣﻮﺗﻮرﻫﺎي اﻟﻘﺎﯾﻲ ﺳﻪ ﻓﺎز‪:‬‬
‫ﻫﺴﺘﻪ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺎﺗﻮﺭ‬
‫ﺳﻴﻢﭘﻴﭽﻲ ﺳﻪ ﻓﺎﺯﻩ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻳﻲ‬
‫ﻫﺴﺘﻪ‬
‫ﺭﺗﻮﺭ‬
‫ﺳﻴﻢﭘﻴﭽﻲ )ﻳﺎ ﻗﻔﺲ ﺳﻨﺠﺎﺑﻲ(‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎ ﻗﺪﺭﺕ ﻛﻢ ﻗﻔﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻨﺲ ﺁﻟﻮﻣﻨﻴﻮﻡ ﺍﺳﺖ )ﺭﻳﺨﺘﻪ ﮔﺮﻱ(‬

‫ﺳﻴﻢﭘﻴﭽﻲ ﺭﺗﻮﺭ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎ ﻗﺪﺭﺕ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻗﻔﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻨﺲ ﻣﺲ ﺍﺳﺖ )ﺩﺍﻳﻜﺴﺖ(‬

‫ﺳﯿﻢ ﭘﯿﭽﯽ ﺷﺪه‬

‫روﺗﻮرﻣﻮﺗﻮر ﻫﺎي اﻟﻘﺎﯾﻲ‬
‫ﻗﻔﺲ ﺳﻨﺠﺎﺑﯽ‬

‫ﺷﻤﺶ ﻣﺴﯽ )ﻣﻮﺗﻮر‬

‫ﺑﺰرگ(‬ ‫روﺗﻮر ﻗﻔﺲ ﺳﻨﺠﺎﺑﯽ‬
‫ﺷﻤﺶ آﻟﻮﻣﯿﻨﯿﻮم‬
‫)ﻣﻮﺗﻮر ﮐﻮﭼﮏ(‬

‫‪2‬‬
 ‫ﻧﺤﻮه ﻛﺎر ﻣﻮﺗﻮر اﻟﻘﺎﯾﻲ‬

‫‪3‬ﭼﺮﺧﺶ ﺩﻭ ﻗﻈﺐ ﻳﻚ ﺍﻫﻦ ﺭﺑﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺯﺍﻭﻳﻪ ﺍﻱ‬

‫‪ 3‬ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺉ ﻭﻟﺘﺎﮊ ﻭ ﺟﺎﺭﯼ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﺗﻮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻣﺨﺎﻟﻒ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﻭﺭﻧﺪﻩ‬
‫‪ω s yn‬‬ ‫‪ 3‬ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﮔﺸﺘﺎﻭﺭ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﯼ ﺭﻭﺗﻮﺭ ﻭ ﭼﺮﺧﺶ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻥ ﺍﺻﻠﯽ‬
‫‪ 3‬ﺭﺳﻴﺪﻥ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺭﻭﺗﻮﺭ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺰﺩﻳﮑﯽ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺳﻨﮑﺮﻭﻥ‬
‫‪N‬‬

‫‪ROTOR‬‬

‫‪T‬‬ ‫‪ωm‬‬ ‫‪S‬‬

‫‪ω‬‬ ‫‪syn‬‬

‫ﻧﺤﻮه ﻛﺎر ﻣﻮﺗﻮر اﻟﻘﺎﯾﻲ‬

‫ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﮔﺸﺘﺎﻭﺭ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﯼ ﺭﻭﺗﻮﺭ ﻭ ﭼﺮﺧﺶ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻥ ﺍﺻﻠﯽ‬

‫‪Brotating‬‬
‫‪Force‬‬
‫‪Ir‬‬

‫‪Ring‬‬

‫‪3‬‬
‫ﻧﺤﻮه ﻛﺎر ﻣﻮﺗﻮر اﻟﻘﺎﯾﻲ‬

‫‪3‬ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻨﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻳﻲ ﺳﻪ ﻓﺎﺯ ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻥ ﮔﺮﺩﺍﻥ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪3‬ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﺷﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﻫﻮﺍﻳﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺷﻌﺎﻋﻲ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪3‬ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻥ ﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﻫﻮﺍﻳﻲ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﺌﻮري ﻣﯿﺪان ﮔﺮدان‬

‫‪ Ni a‬‬ ‫‪π‬‬ ‫‪π‬‬

‫‪ 2‬‬ ‫‪−‬‬ ‫‪pθ p‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪Fa = ‬‬
‫‪ − Ni a‬‬ ‫‪π‬‬ ‫‪3π‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪pθ p‬‬
‫‪ 2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫‪F a = K .i a . cos θ‬‬

‫‪4‬‬
 ‫ﺗﺌﻮري ﻣﯿﺪان ﮔﺮدان‬

F a = K .i a . sin θ i a = I m . sin ω t
2π 2π
F b = K .i b . sin( θ − ) ib = I m . sin(ωt − )
3 3
2π 2π
F c = K .i c . sin( θ + ) ic = I m . sin(ωt + )
3 3

F = F a + Fb + Fc
2π 2π 2π 2π
F = k.Im[sinθ sinωt + sin(θ − )sin(ωt − ) + sin(θ + )sin(ωt + )]
3 3 3 3
3
F = .k.I m . cos(θ − ωt )
2

5
‫ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ رﻓﺘﺎر ﻣﻮﺗﻮر اﻟﻘﺎﯾﻲ ﺳﻪ ﻓﺎز‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺪﻝ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺲ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﮐﻮﺗﺎﻩ‪:‬‬
‫ﺗﺮاﻧﺲ اﯾﺪآل‬

‫ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ رﻓﺘﺎر ﻣﻮﺗﻮر اﻟﻘﺎﯾﻲ ﺳﻪ ﻓﺎز‬

‫ﻣﺪﻝ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﺳﺎﮐﻦ ‪:‬‬

‫‪ES‬‬ ‫‪N‬‬
‫‪= S‬‬
‫‪ER0 N R‬‬
‫‪ES‬‬ ‫‪E R0‬‬

‫ﻣﺪﺍﺭ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﺭﻭﺗﻮﺭ ﻣﺘﺤﺮﮎ ‪:‬‬

‫‪X R = 2π . f r .Lr‬‬

‫‪6‬‬
 ‫ﻣﺪﺍﺭ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﻛﻠﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻳﻲ ﻭ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ ﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺁﻥ‬

‫‪Rr‬‬
‫‪s.E r = Rr .I r + js. Xr .I r‬‬ ‫= ‪Er‬‬ ‫‪.I r + jX r .I r‬‬
‫‪s‬‬

‫ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺗﺤﺮﻳﮏ ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻳﻲ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺲ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺑﺰﺭﮔﺘﺮﻱ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺑﻬﻤﻴﻦ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺷﺎﺧﻪ ﻣﻮﺍﺯﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺪﺍﺭ ﺧﻄﺎﻱ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎي ﻣﻮﺗﻮر اﻟﻘﺎﯾﻲ‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﻬﺎﻱ ﺑﻲﺑﺎﺭﻱ ‪،‬‬

‫ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺘﻲ ﻭ ﺭﺗﻮﺭ ﻗﻔﻞ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻴﻢ ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﺪﺍﺭ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻳﻲ‬

‫‪7‬‬
 ‫ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺳﺎﺩﻩﺗﺮ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﻴﻢ ﺷﺎﺧﻪ ﻣﻮﺍﺯﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍﻱ ﻣﺪﺍﺭ ﻣﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ‬
‫ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺕ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﺳﺎﺩﻩﺗﺮ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺩﻗﻴﻖﺗﺮ‬
‫ﻣﺪﺍﺭ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﺗﻮﻧﻦ ﺍﺯﺩﻳﺪ ﺷﺎﺧﻪ ﻣﻮﺍﺯﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺭﻭﺑﺮﻭﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﺪﺍﺭ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﺗﻮﻧﻦ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻳﺪ ﺷﺎﺧﻪ ‪Xm‬‬

‫ﺗﻮان و ﮔﺸﺘﺎور در ﻣﻮﺗﻮر اﻟﻘﺎﯾﻲ‬

‫ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﻫﻮﺍﻳﻲ ‪ : Pg‬ﺗﻮﺍﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﺗﻮﺭ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﻫﻮﺍﻳﻲ ﻣﻲﺭﺳﺪ‬
‫‪R2 2‬‬
‫(‪Pg = 3‬‬ ‫) ‪I2‬‬
‫‪s‬‬
‫ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﻫﻮﺍﻳﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻫﻤﻲ ﺭﻭﺗﻮﺭ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﻛﻢ ﺷﺪﻩ ‪:‬‬

‫‪Pm = Pg − 3R2 I 22 = (1 − s) Pg‬‬

‫‪ω r = (1 − s )ω s‬‬ ‫‪ ω r‬ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﭼﺮﺧﺶ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ‬

‫‪8‬‬
 ‫‪Pm (1 − s ) Pg Pg‬‬
‫= ‪Tm‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬
‫‪ω r (1 − s)ω s ω s‬‬ ‫‪R2‬‬ ‫‪V12‬‬
‫‪Pg = 3‬‬
‫‪s‬‬ ‫‪R2 2‬‬
‫‪Pg‬‬ ‫‪( R1 +‬‬ ‫‪) + ( X1 + X 2 ) 2‬‬
‫= ‪Tm‬‬ ‫‪s‬‬
‫‪ωs‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﺍﮔﺮ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻤﺎﹰ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﻭﺻﻞ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ V1 ،‬ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺍﮔﺮ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺭﺍﻛﺘﺎﻧﺴﻬﺎ ﺻﺮﻓﻨﻈﺮ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﺛﺎﺑﺘﻲ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﻫﻮﺍﻳﻲ ﺗﺎﺑﻌﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻟﻐﺰﺵ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ‬

‫‪R2‬‬ ‫‪V12‬‬
‫‪Tm = 3‬‬ ‫ﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﮔﺸﺘﺎﻭﺭ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ ‪:‬‬
‫‪s.ω s‬‬ ‫‪R2 2‬‬
‫‪( R1 +‬‬ ‫‪) + ( X1 + X 2 ) 2‬‬
‫‪s‬‬

‫ﺍﮔﺮ ﻓﺮﻛﺎﻧﺲ ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﻭ ﻭﻟﺘﺎﮊ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﮔﺸﺘﺎﻭﺭ ﺗﺎﺑﻌﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻟﻐﺰﺵ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ ‪.‬‬

‫ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ ﮔﺸﺘﺎﻭﺭ )‪ (Tm‬ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻟﻐﺰﺵ‬

‫‪9‬‬
 ‫ﮔﺸﺘﺎور ﻣﺎﻛﺰﯾﻤﻢ‬
‫ﻧﻘﻄﻪﺍﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﮔﺸﺘﺎﻭﺭ ﻣﺎﮐﺰﻳﻤﻢ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﮔﺸﺘﺎﻭﺭ ﻣﺎﮐﺰﻳﻤﻢ ﻳﺎ ﮔﺸﺘﺎﻭ ﺭ‬
‫ﺷﻜﺴﺖ ﻳﺎ ﮔﺸﺘﺎﻭﺭ ﺑﺮﻭﻥ ﻛﺶ ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻲ ﮔﺸﺘﺎﻭﺭ ـ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺍﮔﺮ ﺷﻴﺐ ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻲ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻧﺎﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻟﻲ ﻫﺮ ﺟﺎ ﺷﻴﺐ ﻣﻨﻔﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﻳﻢ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻥ ‪ Tmax‬ﻭ‪ STmax‬ﺍﺯ ﻗﻀﻴﻪ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻴﻢ‪.‬‬
‫‪R2‬‬
‫= ‪sTmax‬‬
‫‪R + ( X1 + X 2 ) 2‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪2‬‬

‫‪3V12‬‬ ‫‪R12 + ( X1 + X 2 ) 2‬‬

‫‪Tmax‬‬ ‫=‬
‫‪ω s ( R1 + R12 + ( X1 + X 2 ) 2 ) 2 + ( X1 + X 2 ) 2‬‬

‫راه اﻧﺪازي ﻣﻮﺗﻮراﻟﻘﺎﯾﻲ ﺑﺎ رﺗﻮر ﺳﯿﻢ ﭘﯿﭽﻲ ﺷﺪه‬

‫ﺍﮔﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻳﻲ ‪ R2‬ﺭﺍ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ‪ Tmax‬ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﻱ ﻧﻤﻲﻛﻨﺪ ﻭﻟﻲ‬
‫‪ STmax‬ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﭘﻴﺪﺍ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ ﮔﺸﺘﺎﻭﺭ )‪ ( Tmax‬ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻟﻐﺰﺵ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ‪R2‬‬

‫‪10‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎ ﺭﻭﺗﻮﺭ ﺳﻴﻢﭘﻴﭽﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﺭﺍﻩﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻱ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺭﺍ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ‬
‫ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻴﻢ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﮔﺸﺘﺎﻭﺭ ﺭﺍﻩﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻱ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺿﻤﻨﺎﹰ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺭﺍﻩﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻱ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺎ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺷﺪﻥ ﮔﺸﺘﺎﻭﺭ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻛﻢ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﭼﻮﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ‬
‫ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺍﺻﻼﺡ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﻴﻢ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺻﻼﺡ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻋﻴﻦ ﺣﺎﻝ ﻛﻪ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﻛﻢ ﻛﺮﺩﻩﺍﻳﻢ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﻛﺮﺩﻩﺍﻳﻢ‪.‬‬

‫راه اﻧﺪازي ﻣﻮﺗﻮر اﻟﻘﺎﯾﻲ ﻗﻔﺲ ﺳﻨﺠﺎﺑﻲ‬

‫‪ -‬ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺭﺗﻮﺭ‬

‫‪ -‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺪﺍﺭﻩ ﺳﺘﺎﺭﻩ‪-‬ﻣﺜﻠﺚ)ﺭﺍﻩﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯ ﺳﺘﺎﺭﻩ‪-‬ﻣﺜﻠﺚ(‪ :‬ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ‪Ist‬ﻛﻢ‬

‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﮔﺸﺘﺎﻭﺭ ﻫﻢ ﻛﻢ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﭘﺲ ﺳﺘﺎﺭﻩ ـ ﻣﺜﻠﺚ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﻲ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺭﺍﻩ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯ ﭘﻠﻪﺍﻱ‬

‫ﻓﺮﻛﺎﻧﺲ ﻭﻟﺘﺎﮊ ﺍﻟﻘﺎ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﺗﻮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺳﻜﻮﻥ ﻭ ﺭﺍﻩﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻱ ﻓﺮﻛﺎﻧﺴﻲ‬

‫ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ﻓﺮﻛﺎﻧﺲ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﺗﻮﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻲ ﻓﺮﻛﺎﻧﺲ ﻭﻟﺘﺎﮊ ﺍﻟﻘﺎ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﺗﻮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻧﺎﻣﻲ‬
‫ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ﺻﻔﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﭘﺲ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺷﺪﻳﺪ ﻓﺮﻛﺎﻧﺲ ﺩﺍﺭﻳﻢ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺧﺎﺻﻴﺖ ﺩﺭ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪11‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻮﺗﻮرﻫﺎي اﻟﻘﺎﯾﻲ از ﻧﻮع ﺷﯿﺎر ﻋﻤﯿﻖ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺷﻴﺎﺭ ﻋﻤﻴﻖ‪ ،‬ﺷﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻴﻠﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﻭﺗﻮﺭ ﺭﺍ ﻋﻤﻴﻖ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ‬
‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺭﻭﺗﻮﺭ ﻣﻲﺑﺮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺘﻲ ﺷﻴﺎﺭ ﺭﺍ ﻋﻤﻴﻖ ﺑﮕﻴﺮﻳﻢ ﺩﺭ ‪ fr=50Hz‬ﺭﺍﻛﺘﺎﻧﺲ‬
‫ﭘﺮﺍﻛﻨﺪﮔﻲ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﭼﻮﻥ ﺷﺎﺭ ﭘﺮﺍﻛﻨﺪﮔﻲ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺳﻜﻮﻥ‬
‫ﺭﺍﻛﺘﺎﻧﺲ ﭘﺮﺍﻛﻨﺪﮔﻲ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﺎﹰ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻻ ﻫﻞ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ ﭼﻮﻥ ‪ X‬ﭘﺮﺍﻛﻨﺪﮔﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻛﻢ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﭼﻮﻥ ﺳﻄﺢ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺛﺮ ﻣﻴﻠﻪ ﻛﻮﭼﻚ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻣﻲﻳﺎﺑﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻧﺎﻣﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻓﺮﺽ ‪ S=4%‬ﻭ ‪ fr=2Hz‬ﺭﺍﻛﺘﺎﻧﺲ ﭘﺮﺍﻛﻨﺪﮔﻲ ﻛﻮﭼﻚ‬

‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻳﻜﻨﻮﺍﺧﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻄﺢ ﭘﺨﺶ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ ﻣﻴﻠﻪ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ‬
‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﻛﻢ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﺗﻮﺭ ﻭ ﺭﺗﻮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻴﻠﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﮊﺭﻑ‬

‫‪12‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻮﺗﻮرﻫﺎي اﻟﻘﺎﯾﻲ از ﻧﻮع دو ﻗﻔﺴﻪاي‬

‫ﺍﮔﺮ ﺑﺨﻮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﮔﺸﺘﺎﻭﺭ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﻭ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻱ ﻛﻢ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺭﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻗﻔﺲ ﺳﻨﺠﺎﺑﻲ ﻣﻀﺎﻋﻒ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺭﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻗﻔﺲ ﺳﻨﺠﺎﺑﻲ‬
‫ﻣﻀﺎﻋﻒ )ﺩﻭﺑﻞ( ﺍﺯ ﺩﻭ ﻗﻔﺲ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﻧﺪ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻗﻔﺲ ﺑﻴﺮﻭﻧﻲ ﻳﺎ ﻗﻔﺲ ﻓﻮﻗﺎﻧﻲ‬
‫‪ -‬ﻗﻔﺲ ﺩﺭﻭﻧﻲ ﻳﺎ ﻗﻔﺲ ﺗﺤﺘﺎﻧﻲ‬
‫ﻣﻴﻠﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻫﺮ ﺩﻭ ﻗﻔﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻭ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎ ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺣﻠﻘﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﻛﻮﺗﺎﻩ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺬﻛﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ‪:‬‬

‫ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﻘﻄﻊ ﻗﻔﺲ ﺑﻴﺮﻭﻧﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﻘﻄﻊ ﻗﻔﺲ ﺩﺭﻭﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﻭﻳﮋﻩ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﻔﺲ ﺑﻴﺮﻭﻧﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﻭﻳﮋﻩ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﻔﺲ ﺩﺭﻭﻧﻲ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻨﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﻮﻕ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﻗﻔﺲ ﺑﻴﺮﻭﻧﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﻗﻔﺲ ﺩﺭﻭﻧﻲ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺎ ﺑﺎﺭﻳﻚ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺷﻴﺎﺭ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺩﻭ ﻗﻔﺲ‪ ،‬ﺭﺍﻛﺘﺎﻧﺲ ﻧﺸﺘﻲ ﻗﻔﺲ ﺩﺭﻭﻧﻲ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻗﻔﺲ‬
‫ﺑﻴﺮﻭﻧﻲ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪13‬‬
 ‫ﻛﻼﺳﻬﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻣﻮﺗﻮرﻫﺎي اﻟﻘﺎﯾﻲ‬

‫ﻃﺮﺍﺣﺎﻥ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻳﻲ‬

‫ﻃﺒﻖ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ‪NEMA‬‬
‫ﻛﻼﺱﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬
‫ﻛﺮﺩﻩﺍﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮ ﻃﺒﻖ ﺍﻳﻦ‬
‫ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ‪ ٤‬ﻛﻼﺱ ﺩﺍﺭﻳﻢ‬
‫ﻛﻪ ﮔﺸﺘﺎﻭﺭ ﻧﺎﻣﻲ ﻳﻜﺴﺎﻧﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‬
‫ﻭﻟﻲ ﺗﻔﺎﻭﺗﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ‪Tmax‬ﻭ ‪Tst‬‬
‫ﻭ ﻧﺤﻮﻩ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﻣﺪﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺭﺗﻮﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺭﻭﺗﻮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻼﺱ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻳﻲ‬

‫ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ ﮔﺸﺘﺎﻭﺭ‪ -‬ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻛﻼﺱ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻳﻲ‬

‫‪14‬‬
 ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻟﻪ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺎﻟﻪ‬
‫ﻳﻚ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻳﻲ ﺳﻪ ﻓﺎﺯ‪ ٤ ،‬ﻗﻄﺐ‪ 60Hz، 230V،‬ﺩﻭ ﻗﻔﺴﻪﺍﻱ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ‬
‫ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪Ru = 2.4 Ω‬‬ ‫‪X u = 1Ω‬‬ ‫‪RL = .24 Ω‬‬ ‫‪X L = 4.2Ω‬‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﺍﻣﭙﺪﺍﻧﺲ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﺗﻮﺭ ﻭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﻗﻔﺴﻪﻫﺎ ﺻﺮﻓﻨﻈﺮ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻴﻢ‪ .‬ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺑﺴﺖ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ‬
‫ﮔﺸﺘﺎﻭﺭ ﻭ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻗﻔﺴﻪ ﺑﺎﻻﺋﻲ ﻭ ﭘﺎﺋﻴﻨﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺭﺍﻩﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻱ ﻭ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺭ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﺎ ﻟﻐﺰﺵ ‪.4%‬‬

‫ﻣﺴﺎﻟﻪ‬
‫ﺣﻞ ﻣﺴﺎﻟﻪ‬
‫ﺣﻞ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﺩﻭ ﻗﻔﺴﻪﺍﻱ ﺩﻭ ﻗﻔﺲ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺪﺍﺭ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﺩﻭ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻭ ﭘﺎﺋﻴﻦ ﺑﺎ ﻳﮑﺪﻳﮕﺮ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺍﺯﻱ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ ‪.‬‬

‫‪230‬‬
‫= ‪Vph‬‬ ‫‪= 132.8 v‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪0.24‬‬ ‫‪2.4‬‬
‫= ‪zL‬‬ ‫‪+ j 4.2‬‬ ‫= ‪zu‬‬ ‫‪+ j‬‬
‫‪s‬‬ ‫‪s‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺭﺍﻩﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻱ ‪S=1‬‬
‫‪z u = 2.4 + j z L = 0.24 + j 4.2‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ﻣﺪﺍﺭ ﻣﺴﺎﻟﻪ‬

‫‪15‬‬
 ‫‪up‬‬ ‫‪up‬‬
‫= ‪Iu‬‬ ‫‪= 51.08∠ − 22.62‬‬ ‫= ‪IL‬‬ ‫‪= 31.58∠ − 86.73‬‬
‫‪zu‬‬ ‫‪zL‬‬

‫ﭼﻮﻥ ﺍﻓﺖ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺭﻭﯼ ﺍﻣﭙﺪﺍﻧﺲ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﺗﻮﺭ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﻳﻢ ﺩﺭﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﻫﻮﺍﻳﻲ ﻫﻤﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪120 * 60‬‬
‫= ‪ns‬‬ ‫‪⇒ ω s = 60π‬‬
‫‪4‬‬

‫‪3 I u2 R‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﻟﺤﻈﻪ ﺭﺍﻩﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻱ‬

‫= ‪Tu‬‬ ‫) ‪= 99.66( N .m‬‬ ‫) ‪TL = 3.81( N .m‬‬
‫‪s.ω s‬‬

‫) ‪Ttotal = Tu + TL = 103.47( N .m‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻛﺎﺭ ‪S=0.04‬‬

‫‪132.8‬‬ ‫‪132.8‬‬
‫= ‪Iu‬‬ ‫‪= 2.21∠ − 0.95‬‬ ‫= ‪IL‬‬ ‫‪= 18.13∠ − 34.99‬‬
‫‪2.4‬‬ ‫‪0.24‬‬
‫‪+ j‬‬ ‫‪+ j 4.2‬‬
‫‪0.04‬‬ ‫‪0.04‬‬

‫) ‪Tu = 4.66 ( N .m‬‬ ‫) ‪TL = 31.39( N.m‬‬

‫) ‪Ttotal = 36.05( N .m‬‬

‫‪16‬‬