Deepak Yadav Education

Deepak Yadav Education

 Imphal’s Ima Market

GS-2 society
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 External Affairs minister S Jaishankar recently tweeted
pictures of his visit to Manipur’s Ima market, calling it a
“great example of nari shakti (women’s power) powering
economic growth”.
About:
• Ima Keithel, or Mothers’ Market, is an all-women
market, said to be the largest such shopping complex
in Asia.
• It is a unique all women’s market, having 3,000 “Imas”
or mothers who run the stalls, it is split [into] two
sections on either side of road.
• Vegetables, fruits, fish and household groceries are
sold on one side and exquisite handlooms and
household tools on the other. Not far away is a street
where beautiful wicker works and basketry are sold.
• Male vendors and shopkeepers are barred here.
• In 2018, the state government announced that legal

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 • action would be taken under the Manipur
Municipalities Act, 2004 if any male vendor was
found selling goods at the market.

History:
• The Ima Market is centuries-old, and has its origins
in Lallup Kaba, an ancient bonded labour system.
• Under the system, Meitei men had to compulsorily
serve some time working in the military and on
other civil projects, keeping them away from
home.

• The women, thus, were left to manage on their own,

and they developed a market system which is
today the Ima Keithel.
• While the system is centuries-old, it had continued
till the time of the British.

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 IKSHAK

(GS-3)- Defence
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 Recently, Indian Navy launched ‘Ikshak’, the third of
the four survey vessels (Large) project at Kattupalli
in Tamil Nadu

About
• The ship, named 'Ikshak' which means 'Guide', is
being built by Garden Reach Shipbuilders and
Engineers (GRSE) and Larson and Toubro (L&T).

• The ship's name honours the role that Survey

ships have played in ensuring the safety of
mariners when at sea.

• The first of class ship 'Sandhayak' was launched

on December 5, 2021 at GRSE, Kolkata. SVL ships
will replace the existing Sandhayak Class survey
ships with new generation hydrographic
equipment to collect oceanographic data.

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 About the ship

• The Survey Vessel (Large) ships are 110 m

long, and 16 m wide with a deep
displacement of 3400 tons and a
complement of 231 personnel.

• The ship's propulsion system consists of two

main engines with twin shafts, each capable
of a maximum speed of 18 knots and a
cruise speed of 14 knots.

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 Bluebugging

(GS-3)- sci & tech.

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 Cybersecurity experts recently noted that apps that let users
connect smartphones or laptops to wireless earplugs can
record conversations, and are vulnerable to hacks.
About:
• It is a form of hacking that lets attackers access a device
through its discoverable Bluetooth connection.
• Once a device or phone is bluebugged, a hacker can
listen to the calls, read and send messages and steal
and modify contacts.
• It started out as a threat for laptops with Bluetooth
capability.
• Later hackers used the technique to target mobile
phones and other devices.
Process:
• Bluebugging attacks work by exploiting Bluetooth-
enabled devices.
• The device’s Bluetooth must be in discoverable mode,
which is the default setting on most devices.

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 • The hacker then tries to pair with the device via
Bluetooth.
• Once a connection is established, hackers can use brute
force attacks to bypass authentication.
• They can install malware in the compromised device to
gain unauthorised access to it.
• Bluebugging can happen whenever a Bluetooth enabled
device is within a 10-metre radius of the hacker.
• However, according to a blog by VPN service provider
NordVPN, hackers can use booster antennas to widen
the attack range.
Which devices are most susceptible to such attacks?
• Any Bluetooth-enabled device can be bluebugged.
• Wireless earbuds are susceptible to such hacks.
• Apps that enable users to connect to their TWS (True
Wireless Stereo) devices or earbuds can record
conversations.
• The apps of these TWS devices can record
conversations.

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 AUSTRA HIND 22

(GS-3)- Defence
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 The bilateral training exercise “AUSTRA HIND 22”
between contingents of the Indian Army and the
Australian Army is scheduled to take place at Mahajan
Field Firing Ranges (Rajasthan).

About:
• Aim of the exercise is to build positive military
relations, imbibe each other’s best practices and
promote the ability to operate together while
undertaking multi-domain operations in Semi
deserts terrain under a UN peace enforcement
mandate.
• This is the first exercise in the series of AUSTRA
HIND with participation of all arms and services
contingent from both armies.
• AUSTRA HIND” will be a yearly event that will
be conducted alternatively in India and Australia.

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 Himalayan Yak

(GS-3)- Environment
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 The Himalayan yak has recently earned the food
animal tag from the Food Safety and Standard
Authority of India (FSSAI). The categorisation is
expected to help check the decline in the population of
the high-altitude bovine by making it a part of the
conventional milk and meat industry.
About:
• Yaks belong to the genus Bos and are therefore
related to cattle (Bos primigenius species).
• Domestic Yak (Bos Grunniens) descended from
the wild yak (Bos mutus).

• Distribution:
o Yak is found throughout the Himalayan region -
- Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim, North Bengal,
Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh, Ladakh and
Jammu and Kashmir -- while wild Yak is found
in Tibet.

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 o It is also found as far north as Mongolia and
Russia.
• National Research Centre on Yak:
o The Government of India established the ICAR-
National Research Centre on Yak, in 1989 at
Dirang, Arunachal Pradesh as a dedicated
centre for research into yak husbandry.
• Yak Census 2019:
o According to a census carried out in 2019, India
has some 58,000 yaks – a drop of about 25%
from the livestock census of 2012.
o The drastic decline could be attributed to less
remuneration from the bovid and discouraging
the younger generations from continuing with
nomadic yak rearing.
o The sale of yak milk and meat is limited to
local consumers.

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 •Protection Status of Wild Yak (Bos mutus):

• IUCN Red list status: Vulnerable

• IUCN considers the wild species of
yak under Bos mutus, while the
domestic form is considered under
Bos grunniens.

• CITES: Appendix I

• Indian WildLife (Protection) Act of

1972: Schedule I

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 Nikshay Mitra

(GS-2)- Health
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 Union Health Ministry designated Padma Shri, Khel
Ratna Arjuna Awardee and the President of the
Paralympic Committee of India Deepa Malik as
Nikshay Mitra ambassador.
About:
• It is an initiative under Pradhan Mantri TB Mukt
Bharat Abhiyaan.
• It is an initiative launched by President Droupadi
Murmu which strives to provide aid to TB-afflicted
patients on three levels of nutritional, additional
diagnostic, and vocational support.
• Objective:
o It aims to eradicate the existing societal stigma
and discrimination against TB patients and
provide them with much-needed nutritional
and social support, and help them lead a
normal life.

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 o It also aims to encourage elected
representatives, corporates, NGOs, and
individuals to come forward as
donors/sponsors to help the patients
complete their journey toward recovery.

• Ni-kshay 2.0 portal: The Ni-kshay 2.0 portal

provides a digital platform for extending
community support to persons with TB and
leveraging Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)
opportunities.

• Timeframe: Support can be extended to persons

with TB, for a minimum duration of one year and
a maximum of three years, in any block or
district across the country.

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 Black Corals

(GS-3)- Environment
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 Researchers at Smithsonian Institution, Washington recently
discovered five new species of black corals living as deep as
2,500 feet (760 metres) below the surface in the Great Barrier
Reef and Coral Sea off the coast of Australia.
About:
• Black corals can be found growing both in shallow waters and
down to depths of over 26,000 feet (8,000 metres), and some
individual corals can live for over 4,000 years.
• Many of these corals are branched and look like feathers, fans
or bushes, while others are straight like a whip.
• Unlike their colourful, shallow-water cousins that rely on the
sun and photosynthesis for energy, black corals are filter
feeders and eat tiny zooplankton that are abundant in deep
waters.
• Among the many interesting specimens were five new
species – including one that was found growing on the shell of
a nautilus more than 2,500 feet (760 metres) below the

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 ocean’s surface.

• Similarly to shallow-water corals that build colourful

reefs full of fish, black corals act as important
habitats where fish and invertebrates feed and hide
from predators in what is otherwise a mostly barren
sea floor.

o For example, a single black coral colony

researchers collected in 2005 off the coast of
California, United States, was home to 2,554
individual invertebrates

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Union Health Ministry rolls out country’s first suicide prevention policy

(GS-1)- society
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 In News:
• The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare has announced
a National Suicide Prevention Strategy.
• It is structured on the lines of the World Health
Organization’s guidelines for Suicide Prevention in the
South East Asian region
What’s in today’s article
• Suicide in India
• National Suicide Prevention Strategy – Need, aim, key
elements
Suicide in India
Statistics
• In India, suicide has exceeded deaths due to road traffic
accidents and maternal mortality among those aged 15-
29 years,
• India’s contribution to global suicides increased from
25.3% in 1990 to 36.6% in 2016 among women, and from
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 • 18.7% to 24.3% among men.
• More than one lakh lives are lost every year to suicide
in India.
• In the past three years, the suicide rate has increased
from 10.2 to 11.3 per 1,00,000 population.
Reasons
• The most common reasons for suicide include family
problems and illnesses which account for 34% and
18% of all suicide-related deaths in India respectively.
• Other common reasons include marital conflicts, love
affairs, bankruptcy or indebtedness, substance use
and dependence.
• It is also to be noted that in approximately 10% of the
suicides, the cause is not documented.
National Suicide Prevention Strategy
About
• The strategy includes an action framework for key
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 • stakeholders, providing a path forward for preventing
suicides.
• This will provide guidance to every stakeholder for
setting targets, implementing, monitoring and taking
corrective actions, to attain the aim of the strategy.
• The country’s first National Suicide Prevention Strategy
has been developed with an aim to synthesise
stakeholder efforts with the motto of ‘energise to
synergise’.
Aim
• The overall vision of the document is to create a
society, where people value their lives and are
supported when they are in need.
• It aims at reducing suicide mortality by 10% in the
country by 2030.
• The strategy also aims at developing community
resilience and societal support for suicide prevention
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 and reducing suicide behavior.
Key elements of the policy

• Ministries/institutions involved
o Ministries involved in implementing the strategy are
Agriculture, Home Affairs, Information and
Broadcasting, Social Justice and Empowerment,
Education, Labour, Women and Child Development,
Information Technology, Youth Affairs and Sports.
o The National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro
Sciences (NIMHANS) will also play an anchoring role,
offering support to the implementation.

• Reducing easy access to means of suicide

o The strategy is focused at reducing easy access to
means of suicide, for instance, pesticides.

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Egypt President to be chief guest at Republic
Day celebrations

(GS-2)- IR
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 In News:
• As per the Ministry of External Affairs, Egyptian
President Abdel Fattah Al Sisi will be the chief guest
at the Republic Day in January 2023.
o This is the first time that the President of the
Arab Republic of Egypt will be the Chief Guest at
our Republic Day.
• Sisi will be the first such guest since 2020, as plans
for guests in 2021 and 2022 were cancelled due to
COVID-19.
What’s in today’s article:
• India – Egypt Bilateral Relation
India – Egypt Bilateral Relation
Background:
• India and Egypt, two of the world’s oldest
civilizations, have enjoyed a history of close contact
from ancient times.

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 • Ashoka’s edicts refer to his relations with Egypt under
Ptolemy-II.
• In modern times, the relationship between the
countries flourished under President Nasser and
Prime Minister Nehru, which were close friends.
• Both countries had signed a Friendship Treaty
between in 1955.
Political Relations
• Both countries have cooperated closely in multilateral
fora and were the founding members of Non-Aligned
Movement.
• The year 2022 marks the 75th anniversary of
diplomatic relation between India and Egypt.
• Egypt has been invited as a 'Guest Country' during
India's Presidency of G20 in 2022-23.
Economic Relations
• Bilateral trade

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 o Egypt has traditionally been one of India’s most
important trading partners in the African
continent.
o The India-Egypt Bilateral Trade Agreement has
been in operation since March 1978 and is based
on the Most Favoured Nation clause.
o Bilateral trade has expanded rapidly in 2021-22,
amounting to 7.26 billion registering a 75%
increase compared to FY 2020-21.
§ India’s exports to Egypt during this period

amounted to US$ 3.74 billion, registering a

65% increase over the same period in FY
2020-21.
§ At the same time, Egypt’s exports to India

reached US$ 3.52 billion registering an 86%

increase.
o During this period, India was 3rd largest

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 o export market for Egypt, 6th largest trading partner
and 7th largest exporter to Egypt.
• Investment
o Around 50 Indian companies have invested in
various sectors in Egypt with a combined
investment exceeding US$ 3.15 billion.
§ In July 2022, Egypt signed a MoU with India’s

ReNew Power for $8 billion to build a clean

hydrogen facility in the Suez Canal Economic
Zone.
§ The Indian entity, backed by the Abu Dhabi

Investment Authority and Goldman Sachs, is

expected to produce 2,20,000 tonnes of clean
fuel annually at the Egyptian facility.
o Egyptian investments in India are to the tune of
US$ 37 million.
• Grant-in-aid projects include:

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 o Pan Africa Tele-medicine and Tele-education
project in Alexandria University,
o Solar electrification project in Agaween village
o Vocational Training Centre for textile technology in
Shoubra, Cairo.

Wheat export from India

• Russia-Ukraine conflict has threatened Egypt with a
shortage for wheat, 80% of which is imported from
Russia and Ukraine.
• In April 2022, Egypt announced inclusion of India in
the list of accredited countries which can supply
wheat to Egypt, thus ending a long pending Non-Tariff
Barrier.
• Though the ban on wheat exports in India posed a
difficulty in concluding the shipment, an initial
shipment of 61,500 metric tons of wheat was cleared
by India for Egypt in May 2022.
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 Defence Relations

• Courses
o Both sides offer courses on a regular basis, in
which Egyptian officers are given training in India
and Indian defense officers are trained in Egypt.

• Exercises
o Egypt participated in the Multinational Training
Exercise for friendly African countries held at
Pune in March 2019.
o The first ever IAF-EAF Joint Tactical Air
Exercise, Dessert Warrior, was held in October
2021.

o The first ever Special Forces exercise “Cyclone

1” between India and Egypt planned in Jodhpur in
January 2022 stands postponed.

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 • Egypt has shown interest in acquiring arms produced
by India, including the Akash missile systems
capable of intercepting hostile aircraft, helicopters,
drones and subsonic cruise missiles at a range of
25-km.

Indian Community

• At present, the Indian community in Egypt numbers

at around 3200, most of whom are concentrated in
Cairo.

• There are also a small number of families in

Alexandria, Port Said and Ismailia.

• About 400 Indian students are studying in Egypt,

mainly in Al Azhar University with around 275
students, and the rest in Ain Shams Medical
University (around 80 students) and Cairo University.
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 Vizhinjam International Seaport

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 Recently, fishermen protesting against Adani Group’s
Vizhinjam International Seaport Limited attacked a local
police station.

About:
• The allegation is that the big-ticket project is being
implemented without sufficiently factoring in ecological
safeguards and adequately addressing the concerns of
the coastal community.

• The Government of Kerala as part of its various programs

for development of the state, has identified to develop
Vizhinjam International deep water Multipurpose Seaport.

• It has formed a separate company, viz. Vizhinjam

International Seaport Limited (VISL) as a special purpose
Government company (fully owned by Government of
Kerala) that would act as implementing agency for
development of the greenfield port at Vizhinjam in
Thiruvananthapuram district, Kerala.

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 Significance of the project

• Around 95 per cent of India’s foreign trade is conducted

through the sea route. In value terms, this works out
to 70 per cent of the foreign trade.

• Nearly 30 percent of the freight movement takes place

through the international shipping route South of the
Indian peninsula, which passes 10 nautical miles off
Vizhinjam.
• Currently, India does not have a deep-water container
transhipment terminal and depends on Colombo,
Singapore and Salalah ports.

• This results in significant loss of foreign currency and

revenue, estimated to be about Rs2,500 crore a
year. With the completion of the Vizhinjam port, this
serious lacuna will be overcome.

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Thank
You
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