Case Study

Housing, or more generally living spaces, refers

to the construction and assigned usage of
houses or buildings collectively, for the purpose
of sheltering people — the planning or provision
delivered by an authority, with related meanings.

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Housing…

According to BALKRISHNA DOSHI the key points

of housing design is -

•Access network
•Collective open spaces
•Built form character
•Common amenities
•Climate and environment
•Social mix
•Form and type
•Form variation and flexibility
•Structure and construction
•Space organization
Housing…
Built form character
Access network Contiguity of building
Discurage cul-de-sac. forms along the formal
T,Y junction are safe for street.
vehicular access. Shilhouette & massing
Segregated of vehicular for visual richness.
& pedistrian entry.

Collective open spaces Common amenities

Open space to Should be centraly
bedistributed throughout located.
the sattelment. Easy & equally
Open space should be accessable from every
interlinked. space.
Use appropiate hierarchi Combined with
for size & shape of open community & open
space. space.
Housing…

Climate and environment

North-south orientation of building.
Plan & section should allowed the air flow & light.
Tree & vegetation for environmental balance.
Waste water treatment.

Social mix
Mix housing type for variation of form & visual interest.
Avoide friction.
Mix various economical group.
Housing…

Form and type

Lowrise dwelling
Built & unbuilt space integreted.
Terraces to be accessable & usable.

Structure & construction

Form variation and flexibility
Flexible & altering use of
space.
Allow the natural gorwth.
Discipline of structure & easy of construction.
Use locally available materials.
Consider a composite structure.
Combine precasting component with cast site
structure.
By Architect B.V. Doshi

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Sumaiya Islam Orny
About
• Architect – Vastu-Shilpa foundation, Balkrishna Doshi
• Client - Indore Development Authority
• Project Associate - Mr. Himanshu Parikh
• Structural Engineer - M/s Stein Doshi & Bhalla, New Delhi
• Project Engineers - Environmental Engineering Consultants, Bombay
• Total Built - up Area -100,000 m2
• Project Cost - Rs. 100 Million
• Year of completion - 1989
• Award - Aga Khan award for Architecture in 1996

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Indore, India in the early 1980’s was facing a shortage of Housing. It had been estimated that approximately 51,000 families were homeless or
living in illegal settlements. The Indore Development Authority initiated an affordable housing project for 60,000 people that would tackle this
issue and at the same time be affordable to the government and urban poor. Previous efforts by the government to provide low-cost urban
housing in India were aimed at supplying ready-built units. However, it took too long to construct a complete house and it became expensive for
the low income group and also ate up too many resources.

As a result, public authorities resorted to two new approaches to housing. First, improving and upgrading the slum area, and, secondly,
providing services sites for new housing developments. Aranya Nagar, a township of 86 hectares, was a planned site, service and core units for a
new housing development of some 6,500 dwellings.

largely for the Weaker Economic Section. This was an integrated approach for 'a sustainable society' where the mix of different economic levels
of society could stay together.

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 Indore is located 556 meters above Mean Sea Level (MSL).
 The major climatic factors affecting the nature of built form are solar radiation, ambient temperature, relative
humidity, prevailing wind and rainfall.
 The overall climate of Indore can be termed as composite.
 In the winter months of December to February the climate is cool-dry, which changes to hot-dry during the summer
months of April to June.
 The rainy season begins in July, and continues until September.

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 Traditional settlements have multiple and mixed land use.
 The existing slums, although unplanned and crowded, had certain characteristics and language of
settlement.
 There were clustering of huts with the formation of small neighborhoods and houses extended to the
outdoors.
 Small shops operated within the congested area.
 Wherever possible a tree was planted to create a small public space.
 Streets were not merely corridors for movement but they also accommodated various social,
economic and domestic activities and in doing so, they enhanced the quality of the living Then
environment.
 The presence of small shops highlighted their relevance in the neighborhood as a means of earning
a livelihood with minimum investment.
 The major unsolved problem was the utility services, and inadequate infrastructure which otherwise
affected a healthy environment and well being of the community.

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Now
• The urban area of Indore City is 214 square
kilometers with Aranya being 86 square
kilometers.
• Most of the recent growth has been along the
DelhiBombay highway, which runs through the
city in the north-south direction. Aranya Housing
• Aranya is located approximately 6km from the
city centre of Indore.
• Out of the net area of the site, 1.85 hectares has
been set aside to accommodate the existing light DelhiBombay
industries on the highway boundary. Highway
• Square in plan the site measures approximately
1 km by 1 km.
N

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• Delhi-Mumbai highway on the east
• Developing industrial areas on the north, south and
west.
• Internal city roads to the north, south and west.
• Approach through the Delhi – Mumbai highway
• The site is flat with no major physical features, except a
natural rainwater channel that runs diagonally across Aranya Housing
the south-west corner.
• Topography determined the orientation of the major
infrastructure network and hence influenced the overall
spatial organization of the township.
• The site and the rest of the city has a 2-2.5-metrethick
top strata of evenly deposited black cotton soil,
expansive clay with some organic content.

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 Vitality

Imageability

Equity

Efficiency

Feasibility

Flexibility

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  Improve and upgrade the existing slum area
 Provide serviced sites for new housing
developments instead of building complete
houses.
 Provide for 6,500 residential plots ranging in size
from 35m2 for EWS to 475m2 for high income
groups.
 Create a township with a sense of continuity and
fundamental values of security in a good living
environment.
 Achieve a community character by establishing
harmony between the built environment and the
people.
 Create a balanced community of various socio-
economic groups to evolve a framework through
design.

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 The master plan of the township was informal and emphasized enrichment of spatial quality in
the plot layout plan with inter-linked space of cultural context; maintenance of a hierarchy of
road, open spaces, and commercial spaces; a central location of basic community services,
institutional, commercial, social facilities; and the allowance of growth of population density
and house extensions in the context of the Indian lifestyle.
 At the six sector level, the aim was the formation of a social compatibility of an interactive
and integrated income/ social group who have attained a viable community in each socio-
economic sector; segregation of pedestrian and vehicular movement and good distribution of
land use and infrastructure; and to reflect local, historical characteristic in built form by
promoting multiple and overlapping interactive land use, maintaining contact with built and
green land.

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 The master plan was divided into 6 sectors with a central Central
spine area of commercial and institutional land use. Spine
 The town centre in the middle of the spine consisted of
four clusters of shopping, residential and office
complexes.
 At the end of the spine, two more clusters of social 6 Sectors
functions were located. This was a mixed-use zone with a
five storey building.
Town Hall

Mixed Use
Zone

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 The high income group (HIG – 9%), is
along the periphery of the national highway
and part of the south-east border of the
arterial road in the south.
High income
 The Middle Income Group (MIG – 14%) is
Group
planned along the periphery of arterial
roads on the north-west sides and part on
Middle
the south arterial road along the part of income Group
spine.
 The Lower Income Group (LIG – 11%) and Lower income
the EWS (65%) are located in the middle Group
of all 6 sectors.

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 At the dwelling level, a service core was provided with the prime
objective that the basic house when complete will be sensitive to the
lifestyle of daily needs of individuals with the freedom to integrate
indoor and outdoor spaces with privacy within and from outside the
homes, by designing optional plans.
 Priority was also given to the orientation, light, ventilation and climatic
control; to future scope for vertical expansion and the provision of
subletting and commercial options; and the use of appropriate utility
technology, materials and construction methods

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 At the community/ street level, the aim was to produce
a design linking the scale of the built form and the
human scale by incorporating a street life with plugged
cluster houses, sympathetic and aesthetically
complimenting each other and a socio cultural life of
community interaction of families in the “otta” (outdoor
platform). An important feature of the Indian home, at
the service space between house, community spaces
and the cul-de-sac. The street corner spaces are
formed by the alternating arrangement of the road, the
green space, and the pedestrian pathways.

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• Segregation of vehicular and pedestrian
traffic
• Offsets break visual monotony
• Hierarchy is based on the volume of the
traffic and activities.
• The roads suit human scale
• Use of cul-de-sacs to avoid traffic

60m

30m

15m

12m
9.5m

4.5m
1.5m
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• Vehicular access in the form
rectilinear and formal roads in the
hierarchy of 4.5m wide to 15m wide
road draw the vehicles outwardly.
• Pedestrian access in the form of
informal interlinked open spaces draws
people inwardly.
• This achieves a clear and safe
segregation of vehicular and
pedestrian movements.

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• The net planning area of Aranya Housing Scheme was around 85 hectares
of which 58% was residential use, 23.5% roads, 8.15% open spaces and
6.73% community and commercial facilities.
• The marketable area was 68.16%.
• There were 6,500 plots divided into eleven types in the scheme depending
upon the income level and plot sizes.
• The smallest plots belonging to EWS whose income level ranged from Rs.
200-400 per month was 35.32 sq m.
• EWS plots accounted for nearly 65 % of total plots and nearly 66% of the
entire population.
• Plot sizes ranged from 35.32 sq m for EWS to 613 sq. m for HIG.

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• Houses have been clustered in groups of 10, separated by open space.
• Each sector has a main pedestrian street.
• Otta, a traditional zone, is provided in front of each house which is located
between private and public spaces.
• Otta are provided as a meeting place or interactive place.
• A septic tank is provided between 2 clusters. A housing plan included two
rooms and a living area followed by a kitchen.
• Lavatory was constructed between the front extension and the melty use
courtyard at the back.
• Most houses were provided with an a additional access at the back, which
allowed for keeping animals, a vehicle or even renting out part of the
house to provide income.
• For interaction of families an otta (an important feature of the Indian home)
when completed will be sensitive to the lifestyle and daily needs of
individuals with the freedom to integrate indoor and outdoor spaces with
privacy within and from outside the homes, by designing optional plan.
By Architect Charles Correa

Tazrima parvin 59
Tonima
About
•Location - Alaknanada, New
Delhi, India
•Principal Architect -Charles Correa
•Area - 3.7 Acres
•Number of units -160 units of 2 and 3
bedrooms.
•Density -375 people per
hectare
•Program -Residential center
for middle-class
•Client -Tara Cooperative
Group Housing Society
•Cost -$ 1.48 million
•Structural system -Reinforced concrete,
brick walls
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Site Location
• The project is located along
Guru Ravidas Marg Street
which leads to two big
residential areas in the North
and the South. It is in the
suburb of middle-class.

INDIA

Building location 61