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WAIMCKN _K@F IM@HQWOJ HK@ O@MZKXOJ DKFO
RAEDACKLKTK@

WEK @AFATO ; RKCOEK@K@

XKNQ@ RACKLKTK@ 4242/424;

RAEATO@XKN RTMZO@WO LKVK DKTKX

HO@KW RA@HOHOIK@
GKDK@F HO@KW RA@HOHOIK@ VOCK_KN ^
WEK @AFATO ; RKCOEK@K@
Lc. IN. Kfus Wkcoe ;4> Rkcoek`k` Xacp. (247;) >>41;82 Goradm` 81;:;
Aekoc < sek`;]pk1`k`Byknmm.gm.oh
Vadsota < nttp<//www.sek`;pkcoek`k`.sgn.oh

;
 

DKD O
RA@HKNQCQK@

K.  Cktkr Dackik`f

Taspm` yk`f daskr hkro eksykrkikt
eksykrkikt u`tui eaeoc
eaeocon
on ea`yaimcknik`
ea`yaimcknik` k`ki`yk pkhk skckn
sktu
sktu sai
saimck
mckn
n ear
earupki
upkik`
k` ia`
ia`ykt
yktkk`
kk` yk`f toh
tohki
ki hkp
hkpkt
kt ckf
ckfoo ho pu`
pu`fio
fioro
ro mca
mcan
n iot
iotk,
k, san
sano`f
o`ffk
fk
toeducckn dardkfko partk`ykk` saparto Ea`fkpk saimckn otu yk`f hopocon hk` tohki yk`f cko`= Kpk
`ocko u`ffuc`yk= Iau`ffuck` kpk yk`f hoeocoio mcan saimckn otu= Jksocotksikn= Rrastkso hkcke
Qlok` @ksom`kc= Kpkikn sostae pa`hohoik``yk= Ktkuikn prmsas paedacklkrk``yk yk`f dardahk
ha`fk` saimckn cko`= Xkpo loik iotk tohki ea`hkpktik` lkwkdk` yk`f eaeuksik` hkro saeuk
 partk`ykk` tarsadut ktku dosk hodock`f saimckn tarsadut loik hopk`hk`f hkro soso partk`ykk` hoktks
khkckn doksk-doksk sklk ekik eu`fio` mrk`f tuk soswk tarsadut ea`yaimcknik` k`ki`yk ho
saimckn tarsadut ikra`k saimckn tarsadut eaeocoio duhkyk saimckn yk`f dkoi yk`f horksk mcan
mrk`f tuk soswk hkpkt eaedkwk hkepki dkoi tarnkhkp k`ki-k`ki`yk, u`tui otu ekik parcu
hopknkeo mcan iotk sadkfko gkcm` pa`hohoi ta`tk`f duhkyk saimckn sano`ffk iotk hkpkt eaedukt
hkepki pmsotoj tarnkhkp gotrk saimckn iotk `k`to.
Ikra`k
Ikra`k hawk
hawksk
sk o`o duhk
duhkyk
yk hok
hokrto
rtoik`
ik` sad
sadkfk
kfkoo ek`
ek`oja
ojastk
stkso
so iano
ianohupk
hupk`
` sat
satokp
okp mrk
mrk`f
`f hk`
satokp iacmepmi mrk`f-mrk`f. Io`o duhkyk hopk`hk`f sadkfko sasuktu yk`f cadon ho`keos, duik`
sasuktu yk`f ikiu hk` stktos. Duhkyk tohki tohki hokrtoik` sadkfko sadukn iktk da`hk, io`o cadon
hoeki`ko sadkfko sadukn iktk iarlk yk`f honudu`fik` ha`fk` iafoktk` ek`usok.

D. Duhkyk Waimckn
Ostockn
Ostockn –du
–duhkyk
hkyk―― euc
euck-e
k-euck
uck hkt
hktk`f
k`f hkr
hkroo hos
hosopc
opco`
o` oce
oceu
u K`t
K`trmp
rmpmcm
mcmfo
fo Wms
Wmsokc
okc.. Kpk yk`f
targkiup hkcke hajo`oso duhkyk sk`fktckn cuks. Ostockn duhkyk hkpkt hokrtoik` sadkfko tmtkcotks
 pmck parockiu, iasa`ok`, iapargkykk`, iacaedkfkk`, hk` saeuk prmhui cko` hkro ikryk hk`
 paeoiork` ek`usok yk`f ea`goroik` im`hoso suktu eksykrkikt ktku pa`huhui yk`f
hotrk`seo
hotrk`seosoik`
soik` darsk
darskek.
ek. Wahk`fi
Wahk`fik`
k` iaduhky
iaduhkykk`
kk` ea`uru
ea`urutt Wocvk
Wocvk`m
`m hkcke Vknkd (42;;<
(42;;<44?)
44?)
–earupkik` eksykrkikt yk`f darhkskrik` niue-nuiue yk`f khoc, yk`f eaeu`fio`ik` im`hoso
aim`meo hk` psoimcmfos yk`f pkco`f dkoi dkfo wkrfk `afkrk`yk―.
Iktk saimckn darkskc hkro Dknksk Ckto`< sinmca, sgmck, sgmcka ktku sinmck yk`f eaeocoio
krto< wkitu cuk`f ktku wkitu sa`ffk`f, ho ek`k iatoik otu saimckn khkckn iafoktk` ho wkitu
cuk`f dkfo k`ki-k`ki ho ta`fkn-ta`fkn iafoktk` utkek earaik, ykotu iafoktk` ta`tk`f gkrk
eaedkgk nuruj hk` ea`fa`kc ta`tk`f emrkc (duho paiarto) hk` astatoik (sa`o). Wkkt o`o, iktk
saimckn darudkn krto ea`lkho dk`fu`k` ktku caedkfk u`tui dacklkr hk` ea`fklkr sartk taepkt
ea`aro
ea`aroek
ek hk` eae
eaedar
daroo pac
packlk
klkrk`
rk`.. Ea`
Ea`uru
urutt Eks
Ekskm`f
km`f & Xoc
Xocmeo
meo (42
(42;;<
;;<;6?
;6?)) dkn
dknwk
wk –du
–duhkyk
hkyk

saimckn
saimckn ho
hokr
krto
toik
ik`
` sa
sadk
dkfko
fko so
sost
stae
ae ek
eki`k
i`k yk
yk`f
`f ho
hok`
k`ut
ut da
dars
rske
kekk mc
mcan
an wk
wkrf
rfkk sa
saim
imck
ckn
n yk`
yk`f
f
eaedahkik``yk ha`fk` saimckn cko`―. Ea`urut Hakc & Ratarsm` (;???) –duhkyk saimckn khkckn
saiuepuck`
saiuepuck` `ock
`ockoo yk`f eack`
eack`hkso
hkso parockiu, trkhoso, iadokskk` iasank
iasankrok`,
rok`, hk` soed
soedmc-so
mc-soedmc
edmc
yk`f
yk`f hop
hoprki
rkitoi
toiik`
ik` mca
mcan
n iapk
iapkck
ck sai
saimck
mckn,
n, fur
furu,
u, pat
patufk
ufkss khe
kheo`o
o`ostr
strkso
kso,, sos
soswk,
wk, hk` stk
stkia
ia nmc
nmchar 
har 
cko``yk.―
Ea`urut Ekskm`f & Xocmeo (42;;<;6?) dknwk –duhkyk saimckn hokrtoik` sadkfko sostae
eki`k yk`f hok`ut darskek mcan wkrfk saimckn yk`f eaedahkik``yk ha`fk` saimckn cko`―.
Ea`urut Hakc & Ratarsm` (;???) –duhkyk saimckn khkckn saiuepuck` `ocko yk`f eack`hkso
 parockiu, trkhoso, iadokskk` iasankrok`, hk` soedmc-soedmc yk`f hoprkitoiik` mcan iapkck
saimckn, furu, patufks kheo`ostrkso, soswk, hk` eksykrkikt saiotkr saimckn―. Duhkyk saimckn
earupkik` goro inks, ikrkitar ktku wktki, hk` gotrk saimckn tarsadut ho eksykrkikt cuks. duhkyk
saimckn sadkfko ikrkitarostoi inks saimckn yk`f hkpkt hohajo`osoik` eackcuo `ocko yk`f hok`ut`yk,
soik
soikp
p yk
yk`f
`f ho
hoeo
eoco
coio
io`yk
`yk,, ia
iado
doks
kskk
kk`-i
`-iad
adok
oksk
skk`
k` yk
yk`f
`f ho
hotk
tkep
epoc
ocik`
ik``y
`yk,
k, hk
hk`
` to
to`h
`hkik
kik`
` yk`
yk`f
f
hotu`luiik` mcan sacurun parsm`ac saimckn yk`f eaeda`tui sktu iasktuk` inusus hkro sostae

4
 

saimckn. Ea`urut Tohuwk` (42;4<;2?) dknwk – duhkyk saimckn yk`f iarkp hosadut ha`fk` oicoe
iarlk yk`f ea`ffkedkrik` suksk`k hk` nudu`fk` iarlk k`tkrk saskek furu, k`tkrk furu hk`
iapk
iapkck
ck sa
saim
imck
ckn,
n, k`
k`tk
tkrk
rk fu
furu
ru ha
ha`f
`fk`
k` ta
ta`k
`kfk
fk ia
iapa
pa`h
`hoh
ohoi
oik`
k` ck
cko`
o``y
`ykk sa
sart
rtkk k`
k`tk
tkrr ho
ho`k
`kss
hoco`fiu`fk``yk earupkik` wuluh hkro co`fiu`fk` iarlk yk`f im`husoj―.
Waimckn
Waimckn sad
sadkfko
kfko suk
suktu
tu mrf
mrfk`o
k`osks
skso,
o, eae
eaeoco
ocoio
io duh
duhkyk
kyk tar
tarsa`
sa`hor
horoo yk`
yk`f
f hod
hoda`t
a`tui
ui hk`
hopa`fkruno mcan `ocko-`ocko, parsapso, iadokskk`-iadokskk`, iadolkik`-iadolkik` pa`hohoik`, hk`
 parockiu mrk`f-mrk`f yk`f darkhk ho hkcke`yk.
Wadkfko suktu mrfk`o
mrfk`oskso,
skso, saimckn ea`u`luiik` iainksk`, ykotu paedacklkrk`.
paedacklkrk`. Duhkyk saimckn
saeasto`yk
saeasto`yk ea`u`l
ea`u`luiik`
uiik` ikpkdo
ikpkdocotk
cotkss yk`f sasuk
sasukoo ha`fk` pro`s
pro`sop-pr
op-pro`sop
o`sop iaek`usokk`.
iaek`usokk`. Im`sap
 duhkyk saimckn eksui ia hkcke pa`hohoik` otu pkhk hkskr`yk sadkfko upkyk u`tui eaedaroik`
krkn ta`tk`f ajosoa`so co`fiu`fk` paedacklkrk`, co`fiu`fk` hkcke nkc o`o hkpkt hodahkik` hkcke
huk nkc (;) co`fiu`fk` yk`f sojkt`yk kckeo sasuko ha`fk` duhkyk soswk hk` furu, (4) co`fiu`fk`
krtojogokc yk`f hogoptkik` mcan furu ktku nksoc o`tarkiso k`tkrk furu ha`fk` soswk.
Lkho, hkpkt hosoepucik` dknwk 
dknwk  duhkyk saimckn
duhkyk saimckn khkckn saiue
saiuepuck`
puck` `ocko yk`f eack`hkso
 parockiu, trkhoso, iadokskk` iasankrok`, hk` soedmc-soedmc yk`f hoprkitoiik` mcan iapkck
saimckn, furu, patufks kheo`ostrkso, soswk, hk` eksykrkikt saiotkr saimckn. eksykrkikt saiotkr 
saimckn―. Duhkyk saimckn earupkik` goro inks, ikrkitar ktku wktki, hk` gotrk saimckn tarsadut ho
eksykrkikt cuks. duhkyk saimckn sadkfko ikrkitarostoi inks saimckn yk`f hkpkt hohajo`osoik`
eackcuo `ocko yk`f hok`ut`yk, soikp yk`f hoeocoio`yk, iadokskk`-iadokskk` yk`f hotkepocik``yk,
hk` to`hkik` yk`f hotu`luiik` mcan sacurun parsm`ac saimckn yk`f eaeda`tui sktu iasktuk`
inusus hkro sostae saimckn. Ea`urut Tohuwk` (42;4<;2?) dknwk – duhkyk saimckn yk`f iarkp
hosadut ha`fk` oicoe iarlk yk`f ea`ffkedkrik` suksk`k hk` nudu`fk` iarlk k`tkrk saskek
furu, k`tkrk furu hk` iapkck saimckn, k`tkrk furu ha`fk` ta`kfk iapa`hohoik` cko``yk sartk k`tkr 
ho`ks hoco`fiu`fk``yk earupkik` wuluh hkro co`fiu`fk` iarlk yk`f im`husoj―.
Waimckn
Waimckn sad
sadkfko
kfko suk
suktu
tu mrf
mrfk`o
k`osks
skso,
o, eae
eaeoco
ocoio
io duh
duhkyk
kyk tar
tarsa`
sa`hor
horoo yk`
yk`f
f hod
hoda`t
a`tui
ui hk`
hopa`fkruno mcan `ocko-`ocko, parsapso, iadokskk`-iadokskk`, iadolkik`-iadolkik` pa`hohoik`, hk`
 parockiu mrk`f-mrk`f yk`f darkhk ho hkcke`yk.
Wadkfko suktu mrfk`oskso, saimckn ea`u`luiik` iainksk`, ykotu paedacklkrk`. Duhkyk
saimckn
saimckn saeas
saeasto`yk
to`yk ea`u`l
ea`u`luiik`
uiik` ikpkdo
ikpkdocotk
cotkss yk`f sasuk
sasukoo ha`fk` pro`s
pro`sop-pro
op-pro`sop
`sop iaek`u
iaek`usokk`.
sokk`.
Im`sap duhkyk saimckn eksui ia hkcke pa`hohoik` otu pkhk hkskr`yk sadkfko upkyk u`tui 
eaedaroik` krkn ta`tk`f ajosoa`so co`fiu`fk` paedacklkrk`, co`fiu`fk` hkcke nkc o`o hkpkt
hodahkik` hkcke huk nkc (;) co`fiu`fk` yk`f sojkt`yk kckeo sasuko ha`fk` duhkyk soswk hk`
furu, (4) co`fiu`fk` krtojogokc yk`f hogoptkik` mcan furu ktku nksoc o`tarkiso k`tkrk furu ha`fk`
soswk.

7
 

DKD OO
OHA@XOJOIKWO HK@ K@KCOWOW NKWOC

K. Ra`faedk`fk` Duhkyk Waimckn

Ea`fo`fkt pa`to`f`yk pa`faedk`fk` duhkyk saimckn u`tui pa`o`fiktk` prastkso hk`
eutu pa`hohoik` ho saimckn, pktut iork`yk pkrk iapkck saimckn eaeoiorik` ck`fikn-ck`fikn
 pa`faedk`fk``yk sagkrk sostaektoi hk` im`struitoj. Mcan ikra`k otu parcu khk`yk mroa`tkso
 pa`faedk`fk` duhkyk saimckn iapkhk pkrk
p krk iapkck saimckn sadkfko daikc u`tui ea`faedk`fik`
saimckn sagkrk kitoj, iraktoj, o`mvktoj, hk` dardksos eutu.
Hajo`oso Duhkyk Waimckn
Khk dadarkpk knco yk`f ea`hajo`osoik` krto duhkyk saimckn, k`tkrk cko` <
k.   @GAW (;??>)
Xu`t
Xu`tut
utk`
k` ta
tarn
rnkhk
khkp
p fu
furu
ru dkr
dkru
u pk
pkhk
hk pmi
pmimi
mi`yk
`yk sa
sadk
dkfko
fko ki
kiod
odkt
kt ki
kiod
odkt
kt pk
pkrk
rk fur
furu
u ea
eaeo
eoco
con
n
ea`o`ffkcik` paiarlkk``yk hkcke lueckn yk`f to`ffo hkropkhk pkrk prmjasom`kc cko``yk
 d.  Vaoss (;???)
Imckdmrkso yk`f iukt hk` iaekepuk` eaedukt iaputusk` yk`f darimrackso ha`fk` saek`fkt
iarlk yk`f to`ffo, imeotea` yk`f iukt u`tui ea`fklkr, hk` iaekuk` u`tui tatkp ea`aiu`o
tufks ea`fklkr. Ok ea`kedknik` puck dknwk duhkyk saimckn hk` iapaeoepo`k` lufk hkpkt
eaeda`tui iaekuk` pkrk furu paeuck daiarlk iarks, eackisk`kik` pa`fklkrk` sadkfko poconk`
ikror, hk` dara`gk`k u`tui tatkp ea`fklkr.
g.  Lkeas Wprkhcy
Duhkyk tarsusu` hkro parockiu yk`f hkpkt hopacklkro mcan imeu`otks ek`usowkwo. Ok earupkik`
 pa`fatknuk` yk`f hkpkt hofu`kik` mrk`f
m rk`f u`tui eaeki`ko pa`fkckek` hk` parockiu smsokc.
Wano`f
Wano`ffk
fk hkp
hkpkt
kt hos
hosoep
oepuck
uck`
` Duh
Duhkyk
kyk sai
saimck
mckn
n khk
khkckn
ckn `oc
`ocko-
ko-`oc
`ocko
ko hme
hmeo`k
o`k`
` yk`f hoh
hohuiu`
uiu`f
f mca
mcan
n
saimckn ktku jkcskjkn yk`f ea`u`tu` iadolkik` saimckn tarnkhkp saeuk u`sur hk` imepm`a`
saimckn tareksui stkianmchars pa`hohoik`, saparto gkrk eackisk`kik` paiarlkk` ho saimckn sartk
ksueso ktku iapargkykk` hkskr yk`f hok`ut mcan parsm`oc saimckn.
Hkcke parlkck`k`yk duhkyk saimckn o`o ekepu eaedaroik` ek`jkkt dkfo saimckn otu sa`horo
tareksui wkrfk saimckn sartk pa`ockok` eksykrkikt tarnkhkp saimckn tarsadut, khkpu` ek`jkkt
 duhkyk saimckn khkckn <
 (;)  Ea`lkeo` iukcotks iarlk yk`f cadon dkoi.
Loik hkcke sadukn paiarlkk` eaeocoio duhkyk yk`f hkpkt hopartk`ffu`flkwkdik` ekik kik`
sagkrk tohki ck`fsu`f kik` eaeda`tui duhkyk iarlk yk`f cadon dkoi.
(4)  Eaeduik sacurun lkro`fk` imeu`oikso hkro safkck la`os hk` cavac dkoi imeu`oikso vartoikc

ekupu` nmrosm`tkc.
Ha`fk` duhkyk y`kf dkoi tareksui
tareksui duhkyk darimeu`oikso
darimeu`oikso ekik kik` toedu
toeducc hkcke ianohupk`
ianohupk`
sadukn iaeuhknk` eackiuik` imeu`oikso dkoi ha`fk` saskek ktkupu` ha`fk` ktksk` iotk.
(7)  Cadon tarduik hk` trk`spkrk`.
Eaeda`tui sadukn duhkyk yk`f ekepu eackton ialulurk` otu sk`fktckn nadkt loik saeuk`kyk
ekepu darlkck` ha`fk` saoedk`f.
(8)  Ea`goptkik` iadarskekk` hk` rksk skco`f eaeocoio yk`f to`ffo.
Ha`fk` duhkyk yk`f hok`ut darskek ekik kik` targoptk rksk eaocoio hk` skco`f ea`lkfk
 (8) Ea`o`fiktik` smcohkrotks hk` rksk iaiacukrfkk`.
 (1) Loik ea`aeuik` iaskcknk` kik` safark hkpkt hopardkoio.
 (:) Hkpkt darkhkptkso ha`fk` dkoi tarnkhkp pariaedk`fk` ORXAI.

8
 

D. Jkitmr-jkitmr Duhkyk saimckn

Loik hkpkt iotk conkt darkpk pa`to`f`yk duhkyk saimckn o`o ekik sk`fkt pa`to`f dkfo iotk
u`tui ea`faedk`fik` duhkyk saimckn o`o ha`fk` ck`fikn kwkc eaeparnktoik` dadarkpk jkitmr 
yk`f khk ykotu <
k.  Ea`fkgu pkhk pro`sop <
;. Dar
Darjmiu
jmiuss pkh
pkhk
k Zoso
Zoso,, Eoso hk` Xul
Xuluk`
uk` Waimckn. Ra`
Waimckn Ra`fae
faedk`f
dk`fk`
k` duhk
duhkyk
yk sai
saimck
mckn
n nkr
nkrus
us
sa`k`toksk salkck` ha`fk` voso, eoso hk` tuluk` saimckn. Ju`fso voso, eoso, hk` tuluk` saimckn
khkckn ea`fkrknik` pa`faedk`fk` duhkyk saimckn. Zoso ta`tk`f iau`ffuck` eutu eoskc`yk,
nkrus hosartko ha`fk` prmfrke-prmfrke yk`f `yktk ea`fa`ko pa`goptkk` duhkyk saimckn.
4. Ra
Ra`g
`gopt
optkk`
kk` Im
Imeu
eu`o
`oik
ikso
so Jm
Jmre
rekc
kc hk
hk`
` O`
O`jmrekcc. Ime
jmrek Imeu`o
u`oik
ikso
so ea
earu
rupk
pkik`
ik` hk
hksk
skrr dk
dkfo
fo
immrho
immrho`ks
`ksoo hkc
hkcke
ke sai
saimck
mckn,
n, tar
tareks
eksui
ui hkc
hkcke
ke ea`
ea`yke
ykepko
pkoik`
ik` pas
pask`-
k`-pas
pask`
k` pa`
pa`to`
to`f`yk
f`yk duhk
duhkyk
yk
saimckn. Imeu`oikso o`jmrekc skek pa`to`f`yk ha`fk` imeu`oikso jmrekc. Ha`fk` haeoiok`
iahuk lkcur imeu`oikso tarsadut parcu hofu`kik` hkcke ea`ykepkoik` pask` sagkrk ajaitoj hk`
ajosoa`.
7. O`mvktoj hk` Darsahok Ea`fkedoc Tasoim . Wkckn sktu hoea`so duhkyk mrfk`oskso khkckn
o`mvkso hk` iasahokk` ea`fkedoc rasoim. Watokp parudknk` duhkyk saimckn ea`yadkdik` khk`yk
rasoim yk`f nkrus hotaroek inusus`yk dkfo pkrk paedknkru. Iatkiutk` kik` rasoim ea`yadkdik`
iurk`f dark`o`yk samrk`f paeoepo` ea`fkedoc soikp hk` iaputusk` hkcke wkitu gapkt.
8. Eaeocoio Wtrktafo yk`f Lacks . Ra`faedk`fk` duhkyk saimckn parcu hotmpk`f mcan strktafo
hk` prm
prmfrk
frke.
e. Wtk
Wtkrta
rtafo
fo ea`
ea`gkiu
gkiup
p gkr
gkrk-g
k-gkrk
krk yk`
yk`f
f hot
hotaep
aepun
un sah
sahk`fi
k`fik`
k` prm
prmfrk
frke
e ea`
ea`yk`f
yk`fiut
iut
iafoktk` mparksom`kc yk`f parcu hockiuik`. Wtrktafo hk` prmfrke earupkik` huk nkc yk`f sackcu
 darikotk`.
1. Darmroa`tkso Io`arlk. Ra`faedk`fk` duhkyk saimckn parcu hokrknik` pkhk skskrk` yk`f
Darmroa`tkso
sahkpkt eu`fio` hkpkt houiur. Wkskrk` yk`f hkpkt houiur kik` eaepareuhkn pa`fuiurk`
gkpkok` io`arlk hkro suktu saimckn.
:. Wostae Avkcukso yk`f Lacks. Q`tui ea`fatknuo io`arlk pa`faedk`fk` duhkyk saimckn parcu
hockiu
hockiuik`
ik` avkc
avkcuks
uksoo sag
sagkrk
krk rut
ruto`
o` hk` dar
dartkn
tknkp<
kp< lk`
lk`fik
fik pa`
pa`hai,
hai, sah
sahk`f,
k`f, hk` lk`
lk`fik
fik pk`
pk`lk`
lk`f.
f.
Ikra`k otu parcu hoiaedk`fik` sostae avkcukso tarutkek hkcke nkc< ikpk` avkcukso hockiuik`,
sokpk yk`f eackiuik` hk` eaik`osea to`hki ck`lut yk`f nkrus hockiuik`.
6. Eae
Eaeocoi
ocoioo Ime
Imeote
otea`
a` yk`
yk`f Iuktt. Im
f Iuk Imeo
eote
tea`
a` hk
hkro
ro po
poep
epo`
o`k`
k` hk
hk`
` wk
wkrf
rfkk sa
saimc
imckn
kn sk
sk`f
`fkt
kt
ea`a`t
ea`a`tuik`
uik` oep
oepcae
caea`t
a`tkso
kso prm
prmfrk
frke-p
e-prmf
rmfrke
rke pa`
pa`fae
faedk`f
dk`fk`
k` duhk
duhkyk
yk sai
saimck
mckn.
n. Dk`
Dk`yki
yki duit
duitoo
ea`u`luiik` dknwk imeotea` yk`f caekn tarutkek hkro poepo`k` ea`yadkdik` prmfrke-
 prmfrke tohki tarckisk`k ha`fk` dkoi.
>. Iap
Iaputus
utusk`
k` Dar
Darhksk
hkskrik`
rik` Im`
Im`sa`sus.
sa`sus Goro
Goro du
duhk
hkyk
yk mr
mrfk
fk`o
`ossks
ksoo yk`f
yk`f pm
pmso
sottoj kh
khkc
kckn
kn
 pa`faedock` iaputusk` pkrtosopktoj yk`f darulu`f pkhk pa`fkedock` iaputusk` sagkrk

im`sa`
im`sa`su
sus.
s. Ea
Easi
siop
opu`
u` nk
nkcc ot
otu
u ta
tarf
rfk`t
k`tu`
u`f
f pk
pkhk
hk so
sotu
tuks
ksoo ia
iaput
putus
usk`
k`,, `k
`keu
eu`
` pkh
pkhkk ue
ueue
ue`y
`ykk
im`sa`sus hkpkt ea`o`fiktik` imeotea` k`ffmtk mrfk`oskso hkcke eackisk`kik` iaputusk`
tarsadut.
?. Wost
Wostae
ae Oed
Oedkck` Lackss. Ra`f
kck` yk`f Lack Ra`faed
aedk`f
k`fk`
k` duh
duhkyk
kyk sai
saimck
mckn
n na`h
na`hki`y
ki`ykk hos
hosart
artko
ko ha`
ha`fk`
fk`
sostae oedkck` easiopu` tohki sackcu hkcke da`tui dkrk`f ktku uk`f. Da`tui cko``yk khkckn
 pa`fnkrfkk` ktku irahot pmo` tarutkek dkfo soswk yk`f ea`u`luiik` parockiu pmsotoj yk`f
salkck` ha`fk` pa`faedk`fk` duhkyk saimckn.
Avkcukso Horo. Avkcukso horo earupkik` skckn sktu kckt u`tui ea`fatknuo ekskckn-ekskckn
;2. Avkcukso
yk`f honkhkpo ho saimckn. Avkcukso hkpkt hockiuik` ha`fk` ea`ffu`kik` pa`haiktk` gurkn
 pa`hkpkt ktku ea`ffu`kik` sikck pa`ockok` horo. Iapkck saimckn hkpkt ea`faedk`fik` eatmha
 pa`ockok` horo yk`f darfu`k dkfo pa`faedk`fk` duhkyk saimckn. Nkckek` daroiut o`o
hoiaeuikik` sktu gm`tmn u`tui ea`fuiur duhkyk saimckn.
 d.  Darpafk`f tafun pkhk ksks<

1
 

;. Iarlkskek toe (take wmri). Rkhk hkskr`yk sadukn imeu`otks saimckn earupkik` sadukn
toe/iuepuck` o`hovohu yk`f daiarlk skek u`tui ea`gkpko tuluk`. Q`tui otu, `ocko iarlk skek
earu
earupk
pkik`
ik` su
sukt
ktu
u ia
iankr
nkrus
usk`
k` hk` ia
iarl
rlks
kske
kekk ea
earu
rupki
pkik`
k` ki
kito
tovo
votk
tkss yk`
yk`f
f dar
dartu
tulu
luk`
k` u`
u`tu
tui 
i 
eaedk`fu` iaiuktk`-iaiuktk` ktku suedar hkyk yk`f hoeocio mcan parsm`oc saimckn.
4. Iaekepuk`. Ea`u`lui pkhk iaekepuk` u`tui ea`farlkik` tufks hk` tk`ffu`f lkwkd
 pkhk to`fikt iacks ktku saimckn. Hkcke co`fiu`fk` paedacklkrk`, iaekepuk` prmjasom`kc furu
f uru
 duik` nk`yk hotu`luiik` hkcke dohk`f kikhaeoi tatkpo lufk hkcke darsoikp hk` darto`hki yk`f
ea`gareo`ik` prodkho pa`hohoi.
. Iao`fo`k` ho so`o earului pkhk iaekuk` ktku iarackk` u`tui eackiuik` tufks
7. Iao`fo`k`
hk` tk`ffu`f lkwkd u`tui eaedaroik` iapuksk` tarnkhkp soswk hk` eksykrkikt. Waeuk `ocko ho
ktks tohki darkr
darkrto
to kpk-k
kpk-kpk
pk loik tohki hooro
hooro`fo
`fo ha`fk` iao`fo
iao`fo`k`.
`k`. Iao`fo`k` lufk nkrus hokrknik`
hokrknik`
 pkhk usknk u`tui eaepardkoio hk` ea`o`fiktik` iaekepuk` hk` imepata`so horo hkcke
eackisk`kik` tufks hk` tk`ffu`f lkwkd sadkfko duhkyk yk`f eu`guc hkcke horo prodkho dkoi 
sadkf
sadkfko
ko iap
iapkc
kckk sa
saimc
imckn
kn,, fu
furu
ru,, hk` st
stkj
kj hkc
hkcke
ke ea
eaed
edar
aroi
oik`
k` pac
packy
kyk`
k`k`
k` ia
iapk
pkhk
hk so
sosw
swkk hk
hk`
`
eksykrkikt.
8. Iafaedorkk` (nkppo`ass). @ocko iafaedorkk` o`o nkrus hoeocoio mcan sacurun parsm`oc saimckn
ha`fk` nkrkpk` iafaedorkk` yk`f iotk eocoio kik` daroepcoikso pkhk co`fiu`fk` hk` oicoe
saimckn yk`f rkekn hk` ea`uedunik` parkskk` puks, `ykek`, dknkfok hk` dk`ffk sadkfko
 dkfok` hkro parsm`oc saimckn. Loik parcu hodukt wockykn-wockykn yk`f hkpkt eaedukt suksk`k hk`
eaedaro `uk`sk yk`f o`hkn, `ykek`, ksro hk` ea`ya`k`fik`, saparto tkek` saimckn hotktk
ha`fk` dkoi hk` hodukt wockykn dadks ekskckn ktku wockykn nkrus sa`yue hk` sadkfko`yk.
1. Nmrekt (raspagt ). Tksk nmrekt earupkik` `ocko yk`f eaeparconktik` pa`fnkrfkk` iapkhk
sokpk skl
sokpk sklkk dko
dkoi
i hkc
hkcke
ke co`
co`fiu`
fiu`fk`
fk` sai
saimck
mckn
n eku
ekupu`
pu` ha`f
ha`fk`
k` stkianmchars
 stkianmchars pa`hohoik` cko``yk.
Iacunk`-iacunk` yk`f tarlkho ikra`k parkskk` tohki honkrfko ktku tohki hoparckiuik` ha`fk`
wklkr kik` ea`lkhoik` saimckn iurk`f hopargkyk. Woikp raspai hkpkt hou`fikpik` ha`fk` gkrk
eaedaro sa`yuek` hk` skpkk` iapkhk sokpk sklk yk`f iotk taeuo, dosk lufk ha`fk` eaedaroik`
nkhokn yk`f ea`kroi sadkfko u`fikpk` rksk nmrekt hk` pa`fnkrfkk` iotk ktks nksoc iarlk yk`f
hockiu
hockiuik`
ik` ha`f
ha`fk`
k` dko
dkoi.
i. Ktk
Ktku
u ea`
ea`fu`h
fu`hk`f
k`f sag
sagkrk
krk inus
inusus
us hk` ea`
ea`yke
ykepko
pkoik`
ik` sac
sackek
kektt ktk
ktkss
 prastkso yk`f hoparmcan hk` sadkfkok`yk.
:. Lulur (nm`asty). @ocko ialulurk` earupkik` `ocko yk`f pkco`f ea`hkskr hkcke co`fiu`fk`
saimckn, dkoi ialulurk` pkhk horo sa`horo ekupu` ialulurk` iapkhk mrk`f cko`. @ocko ialulurk`
tohki tardktks pkhk iada`krk` hkcke eackiuik` paiarlkk` ktku tufks tatkpo ea`gkiup gkrk
tardko
tardkoi
i hkc
hkcke
ke eae
eaeda`t
da`tui
ui pro
prodkho
dkho yk`f mdya
mdyaito
itoj.
j. Xk`
Xk`pk
pk ial
ialulu
ulurk`
rk`,, iap
iaparg
argkyk
kykk`
k` toh
tohki
ki kik`
hoparm
hoparmcan
can.. Mca
Mcan
n ikr
ikra`k
a`k otu duhk
duhkyk
yk lul
lulur
ur hkc
hkcke
ke sat
satokp
okp sot
sotuks
uksoo hoe
hoek`k
k`kpu`
pu` iot
iotkk dar
darkhk
khk nkr
nkrus
us
sa`k`toksk hopartknk`ik`. Lulur hkcke eaedaroik` pa`ockok`, lulur hkcke ea`facmck iauk`fk`,

 lulur hkcke pa`ffu`kk` wkitu sartk im`sosta` pkhk tufks hk` tk`ffu`f lkwkd earupkik`
 prodkho yk`f iukt hkcke ea`goptkik` duhkyk saimckn yk`f dkoi.
6. Hosopco` (hosgopco`a). Hosopco` earupkik` suktu da`tui iatkktk` pkhk parkturk` hk` sk`iso
yk`f darckiu hkcke co`fiu`fk` saimckn. Hosopco` yk`f hoekisuhik` hkcke ksks o`o khkckn soikp
hk` parockiu hosopco` yk`f eu`guc ikra`k iaskhkrk` hk` iarackk` iotk u`tui nohup tarktur hk`
rkpo sartk ekepu ea`aepktik` sasuktu sasuko pkhk im`hoso yk`f sankrus`yk. Lkho hosopco` hoso`o
 duik`ckn sasuktu yk`f nkrus hk` tohki nkrus hockiuik` ikra`k parkturk` yk`f ea`u`tut iotk
u`tui tkkt pkhk kturk` yk`f khk. Kturk` ktku tktk tartod yk`f hopklk`f hoek`k-ek`k dknik`
earupkik` ktrodut, tohki kik` ea`lkeo` u`tui hopktuno kpkdock tohki hohuiu`f ha`fk` suksk`k
ktku oicoe co`fiu`fk` saimckn yk`f hosopco`. Hosopco` tohki nk`yk darckiu pkhk mrk`f tarta`tu
sklk ho saimckn tatkpo u`tui saeuk parsm`oc
p arsm`oc saimckn tohki iagukco iapkck saimckn, furu
f uru hk` stkj.
>. Aepkto (aepktny). Aepkto khkckn iaekepuk` ea`aepktik` horo ktku hkpkt earkskik` kpk
yk`f horkskik` mcan mrk`f cko` `keu` tohki oiut ckrut hkcke parkskk` otu. Woikp o`o parcu hoeocoio
mcan sacurun parsm`oc saimckn kfkr hkcke daro`tarkiso ha`fk` sokpk sklk hk` hoek`k sklk earaik

:
 

hkpkt eaeknkeo pa`yadkd hkro ekskckn yk`f eu`fio` honkhkpko mcan mrk`f cko` hk` ekepu
ea`aepktik` horo sasuko ha`fk` nkrkpk` mrk`f tarsadut. Ha`fk` sojkt aepkto wkrfk saimckn
hkpkt ea`uedunik` duhkyk saimckn yk`f cadon dkoi ikra`k hock`hkso mcan parkskk` yk`f skco`f
eaeknkeo.
?. Ra`fatk
Ra`fatknuk`
nuk` hk` Iasmpk`k`. Ra`
Iasmpk`k` Ra`fat
fatknu
knuk`
k` hk` ias
iasmpk`
mpk`k`
k` pkr
pkrkk par
parsm`
sm`oc
oc sai
saimck
mckn
n yk`f
hosartko ha`fk` iaekepuk` u`tui eaeparmcan iapargkykk` hkro sokpk sklk kik` eaedaroik`
iask` yk`f eaykio`ik` dkfo mrk`f cko`. Hoea`so o`o ea`u`tut pkrk furu, stkj hk` iapkck saimckn
tkrepoc, prmjasom`kc hk` tarckton hkcke eaeko`ik` park``yk eaea`uno tu`tutk` hk` iadutunk`
soswk, mrk`f tuk hk` eksykrkikt.
Loik pro`sop hk` ksks ho ktks ekik sk`fkt tohki ea`utup iaeu`fio`k` kik` sackcu targoptk
 duhkyk saimckn yk`f ajaitoj eackcuo iatarcodktk` mrk`f tuk hkcke ea`u`lk`f iafoktk` saimckn,
iatackhk` furu (ea`hohoi ha`fk` da`kr, eaeknkeo dkikt, eo`kt hk` iadutunk` dacklkr k`ki,
ea`go
ea`gopt
ptkik
kik`
` co
co`f
`fiu
iu`fk
`fk`
` hk` su
suks
ksk`k
k`k da
dack
cklk
lkrr yk`
yk`f
f im`
im`hus
husoj
oj hk` ea
ea`y
`ya`
a`k`f
k`fik
ik`
` sa
sart
rtkk
eaejksoco
eaejksocotkso
tkso iadutunk` dacklkr k`ki), hk` prast
prastkso
kso soswk yk`f eaedk
eaedk`ffkik`
`ffkik` khkckn tofk nkc
yk`f kik` ea`yudurik` duhkyk saimckn. Iafoktk`-iafoktk` otu ea`lkho fa`fso tarsa`horo hkcke
suktu sostae yk`f utun (imeprana`soj) eackcuo o`hoiktmr yk`f lacks, sano`ffk ―ikrkitar ktku
wktki soswk― hkpkt tarpm
tarpmtrat
trat sagkrk mptoekc eackcuo iafokt
iafoktk`-iafo
k`-iafoktk`
ktk` yk`f hocki
hockiuik`
uik` mcan
saimckn. Iafoktk` otu kik` ea`lkho duhkyk hk` darpa`fkrun hkcke pariaedk`fk` soswk sackek
 darsaimckn ho saimckn otu.
Ikra
Ikra`k
`k du
duhk
hkyk
yk sa
saim
imck
ckn
n yk
yk`f
`f ta
tatk
tkp
p ais
aisos
os ot
otuc
uckn
kn yk
yk`f
`f ki
kik`
k` ta
tart
rtk`k
k`ke
e ho nk
nkto
to pkr
pkrkk
soswk.Wano`fk saimckn kik` tardadks hkro `krimdk, rmimi, eo`uek` iarks, tkwurk` k`tkr packlkr,
hk` ‟pa
‟pa`yk
`ykiot
iot‟‟ ia`
ia`kik
kikck`
ck` pac
packlk
klkrr cko
cko``yk
``yk.. Rks
Rkstoi
toik`
k` so
soswk
swk tar
tardko
dkoi
i yk`
yk`f
f cuc
cucus,
us, kik
kik`
` tar
taruio
uior 
r 
`kek`yk hkcke dktu prksksto saimckn. Rkstoik` puck pkrk kcue`o`yk tarsadkr ia saimckn-saimckn
jkvmrot ‟pkpk` ktks‟ dkoi ho to`fikt prmpo`so ekupu` `ksom`kc hk` kik` ea`lkho ‟cakhar‟ ho
saimckn`yk ekso`f-ekso`f.
Irahod
Irahodoco
ocotks
tks sai
saimck
mckn
n ho ekt
ektkk eks
eksykr
ykrkikt
kikt,, kiu
kiu`tk
`tkdoc
docotk
otkss io`
io`arl
arlkk sai
saimck
mckn,
n, hk` sof
sofek
ek
iapuksk`
iapuksk` mrk`f tuk sos
soswk
wk nkrus suhkn tarda`tui, sano`ffk eaedkwk saimckn eaeocoio
eaeocoio duhkyk
saimckn yk`f tatkp aisos. Furu, mrk`f tuk, hk` soswk nkrus hkpkt daiarlk skek ea`goptkik`
 duhkyk saimckn yk`f tatkp aisos ho ta`fkn ark harks`yk fcmdkcoskso hk` paskt`yk iaekluk`
tai`mcmfo o`jmrekso hk` imeu`oikso (XOI).
Duhkyk saimckn tarda`tui hkro arkt`yk iafoktk` kikhaeoi hk` iasoswkk`, saparto huk soso
ektk uk`f cmfke yk`f tki hkpkt hoposknik`. Eackcuo iafoktk` aistrkiuroiucar yk`f darkfke
hkcke dohk`f iaoceuk`, iamcknrkfkk`, hk` iasa`ok` eaedukt soswk hkpkt ea`ykcurik` eo`kt
hk` dkikt`yk ekso`f-ekso`f.
Dadark
Dadarkpk
pk gm`
gm`tmn
tmn duhk
duhkyk
yk sai
saimck
mckn
n ho WEK @afaro ; Rkc
Rkcoek
oek`k`
`k` yk`f ajaitoj
ajaitoj eke
ekepu
pu

eaedukt saimckn sackcu aisos khkckn <

Duhkyk
Duhk yk skck
skckee, ho
hoek
ek`k`k sa
sato
tokp
kp ik
ikco
co da
dart
rtae
aeu
u (f
(fur
uru,
u, so
sosw
swkk hk
hk`
` mr
mrk`
k`f
f tu
tuk)
k) sk
skco
co`f
`f
ea`fugkpik` skcke hk` darlkdkt tk`fk`,
 Qpkgkrk da`hark yk`f ruto` hockisk`kik` satokp eo`ffu iahuk hk` iaaepkt,
 Ra`ksankt kikhaeos  ktku partaeuk` wkco iacks ha`fk` pkrk soswk`yk u`tui dardkfo
o`jmrekso, lufk partaeuk` k`tkrk wkco iacks ha`fk` poepo`k` saimckn
 Xkhkrus satokp nkro Luekt sadacue packlkrk` hoeucko hk` hopoepo` mcan wkco iacks,
 Warkfke saimckn,nkro Wa`o` Ruton Doru, Wacksk Ruton Doru, Tkdu Rrkeuik, Ikeos Dktoi-
Doru, Lue‟kt Euscoe
 Wnmckt darlkekkn ho eksl
eksloh
oh saimc
saimckn
kn pkhk skkt osto
ostorknkt
rknkt saimckn (snmckt hunur- snmck
snmcktt
 luekt hk` snmckt ksnkr),
 Mckn rkfk,
 Coek nkro dacklkr (Wa`o`-Luekt) hkro puiuc 26.22 s.h. ;1.72, 26.22 s.h. ;:.72
 Eklkckn ho`ho`f yk`f hodukt mcan soswk u`tui eackton dkikt lur`kcostoi`yk,

6
 

 CHIW u`tui ea`hohoi soswk ea`lkho gkcm` pa`furus MWOW,

 Wtuhoo Iap
Wtuh Iapaeo
aeoepo
epo`k`
`k` wk u`
Woswk
Wos u`tu
tui
i eack
eackto
ton
n iapa
iapaeo
eoep
epo`
o`k`
k` sosw
soswkk ea`l
ea`lkc
kck`
k`ik
ik`
`
mrfk`oskso,
 Wtuho Kekcokn Tkekhnk` ea`hohoi soswk hkcke iafoktk` pask`tra` rkekhnk`,
 Racapksk` soswk ykotu eacapks soswk yk`f tackn cucus hkro saimckn,
 Duiu tknu`k` khkckn duiu yk`f earaike iafoktk` soswk hkro eucko eksui skepko cucus
saimckn,
 Imeota Waimckn khk
khkckn
ckn iafo
iafoktk
ktk`
` mrk
mrk`f
`f tuk so
soswk
swk yk`f ea`
ea`u`l
u`lk`f
k`f iaf
iafokt
oktk`
k` sai
saimck
mckn
n
hkcke ea`o`fiktik` eutu packyk`k` pa`hohoik`,
   Duhkyk darson khkckn iafoktk` iadarsonk` saimckn hk` iadarsonk` horo sa`horo,
   Iafoktk`
Iafoktk prkitai odkhkn khk
` prkitai khkckn
ckn iaf
iafokt
oktk`
k` iak
iakfke
fkekk`
kk` sos
soswk
wk yk`
yk`f
f ho`
ho`oc
ocko
ko mca
mcan
n fur
furu
u
kfkek ekso`f-ekso`f,
 RNDO hk` @ksom`kc khkckn iafoktk` nkro daskr iakfkekk` hk` `ksom`kc,
 Eackiuik` Hmk sadacue/sasuhkn dacklkr hopoepo` mcan furu/iapkck saimckn
   Duhkyk hosopco` hoe
hoek`k
k`k sos
soswk
wk to
tohki
hki hop
hopari
aria`k`
a`k`ik`
ik` eks
eksui
ui iac
iacks
ks doc
dockk tar
tarcke
ckedkt
dkt hk`
eackiuik` pack`ffkrk` tktk tartod saimckn,
 Duhkyk
Duhkyk iar
iarlk
lk iark
iarks,
s, gar
garhks
hks hk` oincks khk
oincks khkckn
ckn sos
soswk
wk hoc
hockto
kton
n ea`
ea`yac
yacask
askoik
oik`
` tuf
tufks-
ks-
tufks`yk ha`fk` gapkt, tapkt wkitu, hk` darnkrkp ea`hkpktik` pknkck hkro Kcckn,
 Duhkyk Iraktoj  ykotu
 ykotu eackton soswk ea`goptkik` o`mvkso sasuko dkikt hk` eo`kt`yk,
 Ek`horo & dartk`ffu`f lkwkd ykotu eackton soswk u`tui daiarlk sa`horo tk`pk dk`tuk`
mrk`f cko` hk` dartk`ffu`f lkwkd pa`un tarnkhkp tufks yk`f hodaroik` furu,
 Ra`tks Wa`o (Ra`so) eackton soswk eackisk`kik` iafoktk` dar`uk`sk sa`o dkoi iasa`ok`
trkhosm`kc ekupu` iasa`ok` emhar` ktku yk`f sahk`f „`fatra`‟ skkt o`o,
 Iu`lu`fk` eusaue ykotu ea`fa`kcik` iapkhk soswk ta`tk`f wkrosk` duhkyk dk`fsk
yk`f nkrus hocastkroik`, Iu`lu`fk` O`hustro ykotu ea`fa`kcik` soswk ta`tk`f iafoktk`-
iafoktk` yk`f khk ho o`hustro ktku pkdroi yk`f darikotk` ha`fk` ektk packlkrk` sko`s hk`
aim`meo,
 Aistrkiuroiucar khkc
khkckn
kn iaf
iafokt
oktk`
k` `m` kik
kikhae
haeoi
oi yk`
yk`f
f eae
eaedar
daroo wkhk
wkhkn
n /ia
/iasae
saepkt
pktk`
k`
iapkhk soswk u`tui ea`faedk`fik` iraktojotks`yk sasuko ha`fk` dkikt hk` eo`kt`yk
ekso`f-ekso`f
 Wpmrt k`h Krt ykotu iafoktk` sa`o hk` mcknrkfk k`tkr iacks.

>
 

DKD OOO
RTMFTKE
DATIKOXK@ HA@FK@ DQHK_K
HK@ OICOE WAIMCKN _K@F IM@HQWOJ
HK@
O@MZKXOJ DKFO RAEDACKLKT
RAEDACKLKTK@K@
WEK @AFATO ; RKCOEK@K@
XKNQ@ RACKLKTK@ 4242/424;

K. Duhkyk Waimckn WEK @afaro ; Rkcoek`k`

WEK @afaro ; Rkcoe

Rkcoek`k`
k`k` Ikdupkt
Ikdupkta`
a` Gora
Goradm`
dm` earup
earupkik`
kik` suktu mrfk`oskso,
mrfk`oskso, eaeoc
eaeocoio
oio

 duhkyk tarsa`horo yk`f hoda`tui hk`

h k` hopa`fkruno mcan `ocko-`ocko,
` ocko-`ocko, parsapso, iadokskk`-iadokskk`,

iadolkik`-iadolkik` pa`hohoik`, hk` parockiu mrk`f-mrk`f yk`f darkhk ho hkcke`yk. Wadkfko

suktu
suktu mrf
mrfk`o
k`osks
skso,
o, sai
saimck
mckn
n o`o ea`
ea`u`l
u`luiik
uiik`
` iai
iainks
nksk`,
k`, yko
ykotu
tu pae
paedac
dacklk
klkrk`
rk`.. Duh
Duhkyk
kyk sai
saimck
mckn
n

saeasto`yk
saeasto`yk ea`u`l
ea`u`luiik`
uiik` ikpkdo
ikpkdocotk
cotkss yk`f sasuk
sasukoo ha`fk` pro`s
pro`sop-pr
op-pro`sop
o`sop iaek`usokk`.
iaek`usokk`. Im`sap

 duhkyk saimckn eksui ia hkcke pa`hohoik` otu pkhk hkskr`yk sadkfko upkyk u`tui eaedaroik`

krkn ta`tk`f ajosoa`so co`fiu`fk` paedacklkrk`, co`fiu`fk` hkcke nkc o`o hkpkt hodahkik` hkcke

huk nkc (;) co`fiu`fk` yk`f sojkt`yk kckeo sasuko ha`fk` duhkyk soswk hk` furu, (4) co`fiu`fk`

krtojogokc yk`f hogoptkik` mcan furu ktku nksoc o`tarkiso k`tkrk furu ha`fk` soswk.

Lkho, hkpkt hosoepucik` dknwk 

dknwk  duhkyk saimckn
duhkyk saimckn khkckn saiue
saiuepuck`
puck` `ocko yk`f eack`hkso

 parockiu, trkhoso, iadokskk` iasankrok`, hk` soedmc-soedmc yk`f hoprkitoiik` mcan iapkck

saimckn, furu, patufks kheo`ostrkso, soswk, hk` eksykrkikt saiotkr saimckn. eksykrkikt saiotkr 

saimckn―. Duhkyk saimckn earupkik` goro inks, ikrkitar ktku wktki, hk` gotrk saimckn tarsadut ho

eksykrkikt cuks. duhkyk saimckn sadkfko ikrkitarostoi inks saimckn yk`f hkpkt hohajo`osoik`

eackcuo `ocko yk`f hok`ut`yk, soikp yk`f hoeocoio`yk, iadokskk`-iadokskk` yk`f hotkepocik``yk,

hk` to`hkik` yk`f hotu`luiik` mcan sacurun parsm`ac saimckn yk`f eaeda`tui sktu iasktuk`

inusus hkro sostae saimckn. Ea`urut Tohuwk` (42;4<;2?) dknwk – duhkyk saimckn yk`f iarkp

hosadut ha`fk` oicoe iarlk yk`f ea`ffkedkrik` suksk`k hk` nudu`fk` iarlk k`tkrk saskek

furu, k`tkrk furu hk` iapkck saimckn, k`tkrk furu ha`fk` ta`kfk iapa`hohoik` cko``yk sartk k`tkr 

ho`ks hoco`fiu`fk``yk earupkik` wuluh hkro co`fiu`fk` iarlk yk`f im`husoj―.

Waimckn
Waimckn sad
sadkfko
kfko suk
suktu
tu mrf
mrfk`o
k`osks
skso,
o, eae
eaeoco
ocoio
io duh
duhkyk
kyk tar
tarsa`
sa`hor
horoo yk`
yk`f
f hod
hoda`t
a`tui
ui hk`

hopa`fkruno mcan `ocko-`ocko, parsapso, iadokskk`-iadokskk`, iadolkik`-iadolkik` pa`hohoik`, hk`

 parockiu mrk`f-mrk`f yk`f darkhk ho hkcke`yk. Wadkfko suktu mrfk`oskso, saimckn ea`u`luiik`

iainksk`, ykotu paedacklkrk`. Duhkyk saimckn saeasto`yk ea`u`luiik` ikpkdocotks yk`f sasuko

ha`fk` pro`sop-pro`sop iaek`usokk`. Im`sap duhkyk saimckn eksui ia hkcke pa`hohoik` otu

 pkhk hkskr`yk sadkfko

sadkfk o upkyk u`tui eaedaroik` krkn ta`tk`f ajosoa`so co`fiu`fk` paedacklkrk`,

co`fiu`fk` hkcke nkc o`o hkpkt hodahkik` hkcke huk nkc (;) co`fiu`fk` yk`f sojkt`yk kckeo

?
 

sasuko ha`fk` duhkyk soswk hk` furu, (4) co`fiu`fk` krtojogokc yk`f hogoptkik` mcan furu ktku

nksoc o`tarkiso k`tkrk furu ha`fk` soswk.

D. Co`fiu`fk` Waimckn

Co`fiu`fk` hokrtoik` sadkfko iasktuk` ruk`f suktu da`hk, hkyk, iakhkk` hk` ekncui 

nohup tareksui ek`usok hk` parockiu`yk yk`f eaepa`fkruno iack`fsu`fk` paroianohupk` hk`

iasa
iasalk
lknt
ntar
arkk`
kk` ek
ek`us
`usok
ok sa
sart
rtkk ek
eknc
ncui
ui no
nohup
hup ck
cko`
o``yk
`yk (E
(Eu`o
u`od,
d, 422
4221<
1<6:)
6:).. yk`f
yk`f ho
hoek
ekis
isuh
uh
co`fiu
co`fiu`fk`
`fk` pa`
pa`hoh
hohoik
oik`
` eac
eacopu
oputo
to im`h
im`hoso
oso hk` kck
kcke
e hu`
hu`ok
ok o`o yk`f ha`f
ha`fk`
k` gkr
gkrk-g
k-gkrk
krk tar
tarta`
ta`tu
tu

eaepa`fkruno to`fikn ckiu iotk, partuedunk`, pariaedk`fk` ktku coja prmgassas.

Easiop
Easiopu`
u` co`
co`fiu`
fiu`fk`
fk` to
tohki
hki dar
dartk`
tk`ffu
ffu`f
`f lkw
lkwkd
kd tar
tarnkhk
nkhkp
p iah
iahawks
awkskk`
kk` k`ki hoh
hohoi,
oi, `ke
`keu`
u`

earupkik`
earupkik` jkitmr yk`f sk`fkt ea`a`tuik` ykotu pa`fkr
pa`fkrun`yk
un`yk yk`f sk`fkt daskr tarnkhkp k`ki 

hohoi, sadkd dkfkoek`kpu` k`ki to`ffkc khcke sktu co`fiu`fk` yk`f hoskhkro ktku tohki pksto

kik` eaepa`fkruno k`ki. Rkhk hkskr`yk co`fiu`fk` ea`gkiup co`fiu`fk` josoi, co`fiu`fk`

 duhkyk, hk` co`fiu`fk` smsokc.

Co`fi
Co`fiu`
u`fk`
fk` sa
saio
iotk
tkrr yk
yk`f
`f ha`
ha`fk
fk`
` sa
sa`f
`fkl
klkk ho
hofu`
fu`ki
kik`
k` sa
sadkf
dkfko
ko kc
kckt
kt hk
hkck
cke
e pr
prms
msas
as

 pa`hohoik`(pkikok`, iakhkk` ruekn, kckt pareko`k`, duiu-duiu, kckt parkfk, hcc) ho`kekik`

co`fiu`fk` pa`hohoik`. co`fiu`fk` pa`hohoik` hkpkt hokrtoik` sadkfko jkitmr yk`f darpa`fkrun
tarnkhkp pa`hohoik` ktku dardkfko co`fiu`fk` taepkt darck`fsu`fk` prmsas pa`hohoik`.

Wagkrk
Wagkrk ueu
ueue
e ju`
ju`fso
fso co`
co`fiu`
fiu`fk`
fk` pa`
pa`hoh
hohoik
oik`
` khk
khkckn
ckn eae
eaedk`t
dk`tu
u pas
pasart
artkk hoh
hohoi
oi hkc
hkcke
ke

o`tarkiso
o`tarkiso ha`fk` dardkfk
dardkfkoo co`fi
co`fiu`fk`
u`fk` saiot
saiotkr`yk,
kr`yk, utkek`kyk dardkfko sueda
suedarr hkyk pa`hoh
pa`hohoik`
oik`

yk`f tarsahok, kfkr hkpkt ea`gkpko tuluk` pa`hohoik` yk`f mptoekc.

Lkho,
Lkho, hkp
hkpkt
kt hos
hosoe
oepuc
pucik`
ik` dknw
dknwkk co`
co`fiu`
fiu`fk`
fk` sai
saimck
mckn
n khk
khkckn
ckn ias
iasktu
ktuk`
k` ruk
ruk`f
`f hkc
hkcke
ke cae
caedkf
dkfkk

 pa`hohoik` jmrekc yk`f eaedaroik` pa`fkrun paeda`tuik` soikp hk` pa`faedk`fk`

 pmta`so pasartk hohoi.

G.  Oicoe Waimckn

Ea`urut Nmy & Eosi

Ea`urut Eosiac
ac (hkck
(hkcke
e Ekskm`
Ekskm`ff & Xocm
Xocmeo,
eo, 42;;<;
42;;<;>;)
>;) dknwk –Oico
–Oicoe
e saimc
saimckn
kn
earupkik` sapark`fiKt ikrkitarostoi suktu saimckn yk`f eaedahkik` ha`fk` saimckn cko` hk`

ikrkitarostoi otu kik` eaepa`fkruno parockiu furu, stkj, soswk hk` stkianmcharo

hk` stkianmcharo cko``yk
 cko``yk yk`f khk

 pkhk saimckn tarsadut―. Wahk`fik` ea`urut Warfomvk`o (hkcke Ekskm`f & Xocmeo, 42;;<;>;)

 dknwk –oicoe saimckn sadkfko sadukn im`sap iacmepmi yk`f tohki cadon hkro parsapso sasamrk`f,

 parkskk`, ktku o`tarpratkso ianohupk` hkcke suktu saimckn―. Wartk ea`urut mw`as

(hkcke
(hkcke Ekskm`
Ekskm`f
f & Xocme
Xocmeo,
o, 42;;<;>
42;;<;>;)
;) –ea`l
–ea`lacksik
acksik`
` < mrf
mrfk`o
k`ozkt
zktom`
om`kc
kc gco
gcoekt
ektaa os tna stu
stuhy
hy mj   

 pargaptom`s tnkt o`hovohukcs nkva mj tna a`vorm`ea`t o` tna mrfk`ozktom`. Ra`fartok` tarsadut

ea`fosykrktik`, dknwk oicoe saimckn darikotk` arkt ha`fk` parsapso yk`f hoeocoio mcan o`hovohu

fuu, stkj hk` soswk hosaimckn―. oicoe saimckn hkpkt eaepa`fkruno< (;) prmsas dacklkr ea`fklkr,

(4) soikp hk` emrkc (7) iasanktk` ea`tkc, (8) prmhuitovotks, (1) parkskk pargkyk, (:) parudknk`

;2
 

hk` paedknkruk` (nkcpo` & grmjt, ;?6;). Ikrkitarostoi oicoe saimckn hkpkt hoconkt hkro dadarkpk

kspai
kspai sad
sadkfk
kfkoo dar
daroiu
oiutt < (;) ias
iasasu
asukok
kok`9
`9 dar
dariko
ikotk`
tk` ark
arktt ha`f
ha`fk`
k` par
parksk
kskk`
k` yk`f khk tar
tarnkh
nkhkp
kp

tu`tut
tu`tutk`
k` hkr
hkroo cuk
cukrr sai
saimck
mckn,
n, par
parsap
sapso
so ta`
ta`tk`
tk`f
f dk`
dk`yki`
yki`yk
yk par
parktu
kturk`
rk`,, prm
prmsah
sahur,
ur, iad
iadolk
olkik`
ik` hk`

 packisk`kk` tufks9 (4) tkffu`f lkwkd9 ea`gkiup paedarok` tk`ffu`flkwkd u`tui ea`gkpko

tuluk`
tuluk` saimc
saimckn,
kn, paeduk
paeduktk`
tk` iaputus
iaputusk`
k` hkcke ea`yacaskoik`
ea`yacaskoik` ekskc
ekskckn9
kn9 (7) stk`hkrt9 eacoputo

 pa`aik`k` pkhk iukcotks/prastkso hk` nksoc yk`f cadon dkoi9 (8) pa`fnkrfkk`9 ykotu earksk hokiuo

hk` honkrfko ikra`k saek`fk iarlk hk` io`arlk`yk yk`f to`ffo, hoirotoi ktku honuiue pkhk skkt
iaskcknk`9
iaskcknk`9 (1) ialacksk` struitur saimckn9 ykotu homrfk`osor
homrfk`osor ha`fk` dkoi, tuluk
tuluk`
` horue
horueusik`
usik`

sagkrk lacks hk` tohki eaedo`fu`fik` (:) iank`fktk` hk` huiu`fk`9 eacoputo skco`f pargkyk

hk` skc
skco`f
o`f ea`
ea`huiu
huiu`f9
`f9 (6) iapa
iapaeoe
eoepo`k
po`k`9
`9 yki
yki`o
`o iao
iao`fo
`fo`k`
`k` fur
furu
u hk` stk
stkjj u`t
u`tui
ui ea`
ea`aro
aroek
ek

 pa`fkrun hk` pa`fkrknk` hkro smsmi yk`f dariukcotks. (Gkepdacc, Hu``ata, Ckwcar, & Vaogi,

;?62. Hudro`< ;?>8, Rufn< ;?6:, hkcke Ekskm`f & Xocmeo, 42;;<;>4).

H.  Rro`sop-pro`sop Ek`klaea` Duhkyk hk` Co`fiu`fk` Waimckn

Ra`fatk
Ra`fatknuk`
nuk` hk` ias
iasmpk
mpk`k`
`k` pkr
pkrkk par
parsm`
sm`oc
oc sai
saimck
mckn
n yk`f hos
hosart
artko
ko ha`f
ha`fk`
k` iae
iaekep
kepuk`
uk`

u`tui eaeparmcan iapargkykk` hkro sokpk sklk kik` eaedaroik` iask` yk`f eaykio`ik` dkfo

mrk`f cko`. Hoea`so o`o ea`u`tut pkrk furu, stkj hk` iapkck saimckn tkrepoc, prmjasom`kc hk`
tarckton hkcke eaeko`ik` park``yk eaea`uno tu`tutk` hk` iadutunk` soswk, mrk`f tuk hk`

eksykrkikt
eksykrkikt.. Ea`uru
Ea`urutt Eucyk
Eucyksk
sk (42;2<
(42;2<?2)
?2) upkyk pa`fae
pa`faedk`fk`
dk`fk` duhkyk saimck
saimckn
n saymfy
saymfyk`yk
k`yk

ea`fkgu iapkhk dadarkpk pro`sop daroiut o`o <

;.  Darjmius pkhk Zoso, Eoso, hk` Xuluk` saimckn.

Ra`faedk`fk` duhkyk saimckn nkrus sa`k`toksk salkck` ha`fk` doso, eoso, hk` tuluk` saimckn.

Ju`fso voso, eoso, hk` tuluk

tuluk`
` saimck
saimckn
n khkckn ea`fkrknik`
ea`fkrknik` pa`faed
pa`faedkf`k`
kf`k` duhkyk saimck
saimckn.
n. Zoso

ta`tk`
ta`tk`f
f iau
iau`ffu
`ffuck`
ck` eut
eutu
u eos
eoskc`
kc`yk,
yk, nkr
nkrus
us hos
hosart
artko
ko ha`
ha`fk`
fk` prm
prmfrk
frke-p
e-prmf
rmfrke
rke yk`
yk`f
f `ykt
`yktkk

ea`fa`ko pa`goptkk` duhkyk saimckn.

4.  Ra`goptkk` imeu`oikso Jmrekc hk` O`jmrekc.

Imeu`oikso earupkik` hkskr dkfo immrho`kso hkcke saimckn, tareksui hkcke ea`ykekoik`
 pask`-pask` pa`to`f``yk duhkyk saimckn, tareksui hkcke eaykepkoik` pask`-pask`

 pa`to`f``yk duhkyk saimckn, imeu`oikso o`jmrekc skek pa`to`f``yk ha`fk` imeu`oikso jmrekc.

Ha`fk` haeoiok` iahuk lkcur imeu`oikso tarsadut parcu hofu`kik` hkcke ea`ykepkoik` pask`

sagkrk ajaitoj hk` ajosoa`.

7.  O`mvktoj hk` darsahok ea`fkedoc rasoim.

Wkckn sktu hoea`so duhkyk mrfk`oskso khkckn o`mvkso hk` iasahokk` ea`fkedoc rasoim. Watokp

 parudknk` duhkyk saimckn ea`yadkdik` khk`yk rasoim yk`f nkrus hotaroek inusus`yk dkfo pkrk

 paedknkru. Iatkiutk` kik` rasoim ea`yadkdik` iurk`f dark`o`yk samrk`f paeoepo`

ea`fkedoc soikp hk` iaputusk` hkcke wkitu gapkt.

8.  Eaeocoio strktafo yk`f lacks.

;;
 

Ra`faedk`fk` duhkyk saimckn parcu hotmpk`f mcan strktafo hk` prmfrke. Wtrktafo ea`gkiup

gkrk-gk
gkrk-gkrk
rk yk`f hot
hotaep
aepun
un sah
sahk`f
k`fik`
ik` prm
prmfrk
frke
e ea`
ea`ya`
ya`fiut
fiut iaf
iafokt
oktk`
k` mar
markso
ksom`k
m`kcc yk`
yk`f
f par
parcu
cu

hockiuik`. Wtrktafo hk` prmfrke earupkik` huk nkc yk`f sackcu darikotk`.

1.  Darmroa`tkso io`arlk.

Ra`fae
Ra`faedk`f
dk`fk`
k` duhk
duhkyk
yk sai
saimck
mckn
n par
parcu
cu hok
hokrkn
rknik`
ik` pkhk sks
skskrk
krk`
` yk`f tar
tarhkpk
hkpktt eu`
eu`fio
fio`
` hkpk
hkpktt

houiur. Wkskrk` yk`f hkpkt houiur kik` eaepareuhkn pa`fuiurk` gkpkok` io`arlk hkrsuktu

saimckn.
:.  Wostae avkcukso yk`f lacks.

Q`tui ea`fatkuo io`arlk pa`faedk`fk` duhkyk saimckn parcu hockiuik` avkcukso sagkrk ruto`

hk` dartknkp < lk`fik pa`hai, sahk`f, hk` lk`fik pk`lk`f. Ikra`k otu parcu hoiaedk`fik`

sostae
sostae avk
avkcuk
cukso
so tar
tarutk
utkek
ek hkc
hkcke
ke nkc ikp
ikpk`
k` avc
avcuks
uksoo hoc
hockiu
kiuik`,
ik`, sok
sokpk
pk yk`
yk`f
f eac
eackiu
kiuik`
ik` hk`

eaik`osea to`hki ck`lut yk`f nkrus hockiuik`.

6.  Eaeocoio imeotea` yk`f iukt.

Imeotea` hkro poepo`k` hk` wkrfk saimckn sk`fkt ea`atuik` oepcaea`tkso prmfrke-prmfrke

 pa`faedkf`k` duhkyk saimckn. Dk`yki duito ea`u`luik` dknwk imeotea` yk`f caekn

tarutkek hkro poepo`k` ea`yadkdik` prmfrke-prmfrke tohki tarckisk`k haf`k` dkoi.

>.  Iaputusk` darhkskrik` gm`sa`sus.

Goro duhkyk mrfk`oskso yk`f pmsotoj khkckn pa`fkedock` iaputusk` pkrtosopktoj yk`f darulu`f

 pkhk pa`fkedock` iaputusk` sagkrk gm`sa`sus. Easiopu` nkc otu tarfk`tu`f pkhk pa`fkedock`

iaput
iaputus
usk`
k` , `k
`keu
eu`
` pkh
pkhkk ue
ueue
ue`y
`ykk gm`
gm`sa
sa`s
`sus
us hk
hkpk
pktt ea
ea`o
`o`fi
`fikt
ktik
ik`
` im
imeo
eote
tea`
a` k`f
k`ffm
fmrt
rttk
tk

mrfk`oskso hkcke eackisk`kik` iaputusk` tarsadut.

?.  Wostae oedkck` yk`f lacks.

Ra`fkedock` duhkyk saimckn na`hki``yk hosartko ha`fk` sostae oedkck` easiopu` tohki sackcu

hkcke da`tui dkrk`f ktku uk`f. Da`tui cko``yk khkckn pa`fnkrfkk` ktku irahot pmo` tarutkek

 dkfo soswk yk`f ea`u`luik` parockiu pmsotoj yk`f salkck` ha`fk` pa`faedk`fk` duhkyk

saimckn.

;2.  Avkcukso horo,

Earupkik skckn sktu kckt u`tui ea`fatknuo ekskckn-ekskckn yk`f honkhkpo hosaimckn. Avkcukso

hkpkt
hkpkt hoc
hockiu
kiuik`
ik` ha`
ha`fk`
fk` ea`
ea`ffu`
ffu`kik
kik`
` pa`
pa`haik
haiktk`
tk` gur
gurkn
kn pa`
pa`hkpk
hkpktt ktk
ktku
u ea`
ea`ffu`
ffu`kik
kik`
` sik
sikck
ck

 pa`ockok` horo. Iapkck saimckn hkpkt ea`faedkf`ik` eatmha pa`ockok` horo yk`f darfu`k dkfo

 pa`faedk`fk` duhkyk saimckn.

A.  Ksks-ksks Ra`faedk`fk` Duhkyk hk` Co`fiu`fk` Waimckn

Wacko`
Wacko` ea`fkg
ea`fkgu
u iapkhk salueckn
salueckn pro`s
pro`sop
op ho ktks, Ea`urut
Ea`urut Wkesuho` hkcke sadukn dcmf

(42;;) ea`fktkik` upkyk pa`faedk`fk` duhkyk saimckn lufk saymfyk`ykdarpafk`f pkhk ksks-

ksks daroiut o`o<

;4
 

;.  Iarlkskek toe (take wmri).

Rkhkk hks
Rkh hkskr`
kr`yk
yk sad
sadukn
ukn ime
imeu`o
u`otks
tks sai
saimck
mckn
n ear
earupk
upkik`
ik` sad
sadukn
ukn to
toe/i
e/iuep
uepuck`
uck` o`h
o`hovo
ovohu
hu yk`f

 daiarlk skek u`tui ea`gkpko tuluk`. Q`tui otu, `ocko iarlk skek earupkik` suktu iankrusk` hk`

iarlks
iarlkskek
kek ear
earupki
upkik`
k` kit
kitovo
ovotks
tks yk`
yk`f
f dar
dartul
tuluk`
uk` u`t
u`tui
ui eae
eaedk`f
dk`fu`
u` iai
iaiukt
uktk`-
k`-iaiu
iaiuktk
ktk`
` ktk
ktku
u

suedar hkyk yk`f hoeocio mcan parsm`oc saimckn.

4.  Iaekepuk`.

Ea`u`lui pkhk iaekepuk` u`tui ea`farlkik` tufks hk` tk`ffu`f lkwkd pkhk to`fikt iacks
ktku
ktku sai
saimck
mckn.
n. Hkc
Hkcke
ke co`
co`fiu
fiu`fk`
`fk` pae
paedac
dacklk
klkrk`
rk`,, iae
iaekep
kepuk`
uk` prm
prmjas
jasom`
om`kc
kc fur
furu
u duik
duik`
` nk`
nk`yk
yk

hotu
hotu`l
`lui
uiik
ik`
` hk
hkck
cke
e do
dohk
hk`f
`f ki
kikh
khae
aeoi
oi ta
tatk
tkpo
po lu
lufk
fk hk
hkck
cke
e da
dars
rsoi
oikp
kp hk
hk`
` da
dart
rto`
o`hk
hki
i yk
yk`f
`f

ea`gareo`ik` prodkho pa`hohoi.

7.  Iao`fo`k`.

Iao`fo`k` ho so`o earului pkhk iaekuk` ktku iarackk` u`tui eackiuik` tufks hk` tk`ffu`f

 lkwkd u`tui eaedaroik` iapuksk` tarnkhkp soswk hk` eksykrkikt. Waeuk `ocko ho ktks tohki 

 darkrto kpk-kpk loik tohki hooro`fo ha`fk` iao`fo`k`. Iao`fo`k` lufk nkrus hokrknik` pkhk usknk

u`tui eaepardkoio hk` ea`o`fiktik` iaekepuk` hk` imepata`so horo hkcke eackisk`kik`

tufks hk` tk`ffu`f lkwkd sadkfko duhkyk yk`f eu`guc hkcke horo prodkho dkoi sadkfko iapkck

saimckn, furu, hk` stkj hkcke eaedaroik` packyk`k` iapkhk soswk hk` eksykrkikt.
8.  Iafaedorkk` (nkppo`ass
(nkppo`ass).
).

 @ocko iafaedorkk` o`o nkrus hoeocoio mcan sacurun parsm`oc saimckn ha`fk` nkrkpk` iafaedorkk`

yk`f
yk`f io
iotk
tk eo
eoco
coio
io ki
kik`
k` dar
daroe
oepc
pcoi
oiks
ksoo pk
pkhk
hk co
co`fi
`fiu`
u`fk`
fk` hk
hk`
` oi
oico
coe
e sa
saimc
imckn
kn yk`
yk`f
f rk
rkek
ekn
n hk
hk`
`

ea`uedunik` parkskk` puks, `ykek`, dknkfok hk` dk`ffk sadkfko dkfok` hkro parsm`oc saimckn.

Loik parcu hodukt wockykn-wockykn yk`f hkpkt eaedukt suksk`k hk` eaedaro `uk`sk yk`f o`hkn,

`ykek`, ksro hk` ea`ya`k`fik`, saparto tkek` saimckn hotktk ha`fk` dkoi hk` hodukt wockykn

 dadks ekskckn ktku wockykn nkrus sa`yue hk` sadkfko`yk.

1.  Nmrekt (raspagt 

(raspagt ).
).

Tksk nmrekt earupkik` `ocko yk`f eaeparconktik` pa`fnkrfkk` iapkhk sokpk sklk dkoi hkcke
co`fiu
co`fiu`fk`
`fk` sai
saimck
mckn
n eku
ekupu`
pu` ha`f
ha`fk`
k` stkianmchars
 stkianmchars  pa`hoh
pa`hohoik`
oik` cko``
cko``yk.
yk. Iacun
Iacunk`-iac
k`-iacunk`
unk` yk`f

tarlkho ikra`k parkskk` tohki honkrfko ktku tohki hoparckiuik` ha`fk` wklkr kik` ea`lkhoik`

saimckn iurk`f hopargkyk. Woikp raspai hkpkt hou`fikpik` ha`fk` gkrk eaedaro sa`yuek` hk`

skpkk` iapkhk sokpk sklk yk`f iotk taeuo, dosk lufk ha`fk` eaedaroik` nkhokn yk`f ea`kroi 

sadkfko u`fikpk` rksk nmrekt hk` pa`fnkrfkk` iotk ktks nksoc iarlk yk`f hockiuik` ha`fk` dkoi.

Ktku ea`fu`hk`f sagkrk inusus hk` ea`ykepkoik` sackekt ktks prastkso yk`f hoparmcan hk`

sadkfkok`yk.

:.  Lulur (nm`asty

(nm`asty).
).

 @ocko ialulurk` earupkik` `ocko yk`f pkco`f ea`hkskr hkcke co`fiu`fk` saimckn, dkoi ialulurk`

 pkhk horo sa`horo ekupu` ialulurk` iapkhk mrk`f cko`. @ocko ialulurk` tohki tardktks pkhk

;7
 

ia
iada
da`kr
`krk`
k` hkc
hkcke
ke ea
eack
ckiu
iuik
ik`
` pai
paiar
arlk
lkk`
k` kt
ktku
ku tu
tufk
fkss ta
tatk
tkpo
po ea
ea`g
`gki
kiup
up gk
gkrk
rk ta
tard
rdko
koi
i hk
hkck
cke
e

eaeda`tui prodkho yk`f mdyaitoj. Xk`pk ialulurk`, iapargkykk` tohki kik` hoparmcan. Mcan

ikra
ikra`k
`k ot
otu
u duh
duhky
kykk lu
lulu
lurr hkc
hkcke
ke sa
sato
tokp
kp so
sotu
tuks
ksoo ho
hoek
ek`k
`kpu`
pu` io
iotk
tk dar
darkhk
khk nkr
nkrus
us sa
sa`k
`k`t
`tok
oksk
sk

hopartknk`ik`. Lulur hkcke eaedaroik` pa`ockok`, lulur hkcke ea`facmck iauk`fk`, lulur hkcke

 pa`ffu`kk` wkitu sartk im`sosta` pkhk tufks hk` tk`ffu`f lkwkd earupkik` prodkho yk`f iukt

hkcke ea`goptkik` duhkyk saimckn yk`f dkoi.

6.  Hosopco` (hosgopco`a

(hosgopco`a).
).
Hosopc
Hosopco`
o` ear
earupki
upkik`
k` suk
suktu
tu da`
da`tui
tui iat
iatkkt
kktk`
k` pkh
pkhkk par
parktu
kturk`
rk` hk` sk`
sk`iso
iso yk`
yk`f
f dar
darcki
ckiu
u hkc
hkcke
ke

co`fiu`fk` saimckn. Hosopco` yk`f hoekisuhik` hkcke ksks o`o khkckn soikp hk` parockiu hosopco`

yk`f eu`guc ikra`k iaskhkrk` hk` iarackk` iotk u`tui nohup tarktur hk` rkpo sartk ekepu

ea`aepktik` sasuktu sasuko pkhk im`hoso yk`f sankrus`yk. Lkho hosopco` hoso`o duik`ckn sasuktu

yk`f nkrus hk` tohki nkrus hockiuik` ikra`k parkturk` yk`f ea`u`tut iotk u`tui tkkt pkhk kturk`

yk`f khk. Kturk` ktku tktk tartod yk`f hopklk`f hoek`k-ek`k dknik` earupkik` ktrodut, tohki 

kik` ea`lkeo` u`tui hopktuno kpkdock tohki hohuiu`f ha`fk` suksk`k ktku oicoe co`fiu`fk`

saimckn yk`f hosopco`. Hosopco` tohki nk`yk darckiu pkhk mrk`f tarta`tu sklk ho saimckn tatkpo

u`tui saeuk parsm`oc saimckn tohki iagukco iapkck saimckn, furu hk` stkj.

>.  Aepkto (aepktny

(aepktny).
).
Aepkto khkckn iaekepuk` ea`aepktik` horo ktku hkpkt earkskik` kpk yk`f horkskik` mcan

mrk`f cko` `keu` tohki oiut ckrut hkcke parkskk` otu. Woikp o`o parcu hoeocoio mcan sacurun

 parsm`oc saimckn kfkr hkcke daro`tarkiso ha`fk` sokpk sklk hk` hoek`k sklk earaik hkpkt

eaeknke
eaeknkeoo pa`y
pa`yadkd
adkd hkr
hkroo eks
ekskck
kckn
n yk`f eu`
eu`fio
fio`
` hon
honkhkp
khkpko
ko mca
mcan
n mrk
mrk`f
`f cko
cko`
` hk` eke
ekepu
pu

ea`aepktik` horo sasuko ha`fk` nkrkpk` mrk`f tarsadut. Ha`fk` sojkt aepkto wkrfk saimckn

hkpkt ea`uedunik` duhkyk saimckn yk`f cadon dkoi ikra`k hock`hkso mcan parkskk` yk`f skco`f

eaeknkeo.

?.  Ra`fatknuk` hk` Iasmpk`k`.

Ra`fatknuk
Ra`fatknuk`
` hk` ias
iasmpk`
mpk`k`
k` pkr
pkrkk par
parsm`
sm`oc
oc sai
saimck
mckn
n yk`f hos
hosart
artko
ko ha`f
ha`fk`
k` iae
iaekep
kepuk`
uk` u`t
u`tui 
ui 
eaeparmcan iapargkykk` hkro sokpk sklk kik` eaedaroik` iask` yk`f eaykio`ik` dkfo mrk`f

cko`. Hoea`so o`o ea`u`tut pkrk furu, stkj hk` iapkck saimckn tkrepoc, prmjasom`kc hk` tarckton

hkcke eaeko`ik` park``yk eaea`uno tu`tutk` hk` iadutunk` soswk, mrk`f tuk hk` eksykrkikt.

J. Ikrkitarostoi Duhkyk hk` Co`fiu`fk` Waimckn

Ea`u
Ea`uru
rutt Ek
Eksk
skm`
m`f
f & K`
K`sk
skrr (4
(42;;
2;;<;
<;?2)
?2) dk
dknwk
nwk –d
–duh
uhkyk
kyk sa
saimc
imckn
kn ea
eaeo
eoco
coio
io ae
aepk
pktt

ikrkitarostoi ykotu< (;) duhkyk saimckn darsojkt inusus ikra`k ekso`f ekso`f saimckn eaeocoio

salkrkn, pmck imeu`oikso, sostae hk` prmsahur, par`yktkk` voso hk` eoso, (4) duhkyk saimckn pkhk

nkioikt`yk stkdoc hk` doksk`yk ckedkt darudkn. Duhkyk saimckn kik` darudkn dock khk k`gkek`

;8
 

irosos hkro saimckn yk`f cko`, (7) duhkyk saimckn doksk`yk eaeocoio salkrkn yk`f darsojkt oepcosot

hk` ohk
ohki
i ais
aispco
pcosot
sot,, (8) duhk
duhkyk
yk sai
saimck
mckn
n tke
tkepki
pki sad
sadkfko
kfko par
parwkio
wkiock`
ck` soe
soedmc
dmc yk`f eac
eack`h
k`hkso
kso

iaykio`k` hk` `ocko-`ocko saimckn tarsadut―.

Wacko` otu ea`urut Gnktkd (42;;<;1) Ikrkitarostoi duhkyk saimckn hkpkt hopk`hk`f ea`urut

norkrio dksog kssueptom`, vkcuas, `mres, hk`

hk`   krtojkgts sadkfko daroiut <

k.   Dksog Kssueptom`/ Ksueso

Ksueso Hkskr 

iapahucok` duhkyk pkhk to`fikt yk`f pkco`f hkcke o`o khkckn prk k`ffkpk` hkskr hodkwkn skhkr 
hk`
hk` sa
saikc
ikcof
ofus
us ia
iakh
khkk
kk`
` yk
yk`f
`f ho
hota
taro
roek
ek ta
ta`t
`tk`
k`f
f dk
dkfk
fkoe
oek`
k`kk par
parsm
smkc
kck`
k` sa
saimc
imckn
kn sa
sank
nkru
rus`
s`yk
yk

hopagknik`. dksog kssueptom` o`o

kssueptom` o`o eaedartknu pkrk k`ffmtk mrfk`oskso dkfkoek`k earkskik`,

 darjoior hk` khk`yk sa`tunk` ta`tk`f dk`yki nkc ho hkcke mrfk`oskso

 d.  Zkcuas

Cava
Cavacc iapa
iapahu
huco
cok`
k` daro
daroiu
iutt ea`g
ea`gki
kiup
up vkcuas ta`tk`f sadkoi`y
`ykk ea`lkho kpk hkc
kckke

mrfk`oskso. Zkcuas eaedar

eaedarotknu
otknu krk k`ffmt
k`ffmtkk kpk yk`f pa`to
pa`to`f
`f hk` darnkrfk ho hkcke mrfk`oskso
mrfk`oskso

hk` kpk yk`f earaik dutunik` u`tui eaedar parnktok`. Zkcuas earupkik` iaykio`k` hkskr 

yk`f darpark` sadkfko suedar o`sporkso iaiuktk` hk` pa`hmrm`f sasamrk`f hkcke ea`fkedoc

soikp,
soikp, to
to`hki
`hkik`
k` hk` iapu
iaputus
tusk`,
k`, sar
sartk
tk hkc
hkcke
ke ea`
ea`ffa
ffarki
rkiik`
ik` hk` ea`
ea`fa`h
fa`hkco
kcoik`
ik` par
parcoc
cockiu
kiu

sasamrk`f hkcke upkyk paeda`tuik` duhkyk saimckn.

g.   @mres

Rkrk furu lk`fk` ea`firotoi iapkck saimckn ho hapk` pudcoi! Ea`fkpk= Lkwkdk``yk khkckn

`mre
`mrek.
k. Rar
Rark`
k` `mr
`mrek
ek khk
khkck
ckn
n ea
ea`u
`u`t
`tu`
u` dk
dkfk
fkoe
oek`k
k`k pkr
pkrkk k`
k`ffm
ffmtk
tk mr
mrfk`
fk`os
osks
ksoo sa
sankr
nkrus
us``
``yk
yk

 dariackiuk` hohkcke sotukso tarta`tu. Nkc o`o ea`ffkedkrik` parkturk` yk`f tohki tartucos hkro

 parockiu. Watokp iacmepmi ea`atkpik` `mrek sa`horo, ykotu stk`hkr parockiu yk`f hkpkt hotaroek,

yk`f
yk`f ho
hodk
dkfo
fo ha
ha`fk
`fk`
` pk
pkrk
rk k`
k`ffm
ffmtk
tk``y
``yk.
k. @m
@mre
rekk ea
eaed
edar
arot
otkn
knuik
uik`
` pk
pkrk
rk k`
k`ff
ffmt
mtkk kp
kpkk yk`
yk`f
f

sadkoi``yk hk` tohki sadkoi``yk u`tui eackiuik` homdkwkn iakhkk` tarta`tu. Iatoik hosatuluo

hk` hotaroek mcan iacmepmi, `mrek darto`hki sadkfko skrk`k eaepa`fkruno parockiu k`ffmtk

iacmepmi ha`fk` eo`oeue pa`fa`hkcok` hkro aistar`kc. @mrek dardahk hok`tkrk iacmepmi,

imeu`otks ktkupu` mrfk`oskso.

h.   Krtojkgts

 Krtojkgts o`o
 Krtojkgts o`o earupkik` wuluh im`firot saparto sostae, prmsahur, sostae iarlk, parkturk`, struitur 

hk` ksp
kspai
ai jos
josoi
oi hkr
hkroo mrf
mrfk`o
k`osks
skso.
o. Ost
Ostoc
ockn
kn sos
sostae
tae iar
iarlk
lk ea`
ea`u`l
u`luik`
uik` dkfk
dkfkoek
oek`k
`k pai
paiarl
arlkk`
kk` hkr
hkroo

mrfk`
mrfk`os
osks
ksoo ho
hock
ckis
isk`k
k`kik
ik`.
`. Da
Darh
rhks
kskr
krik
ik`
` ikr
ikrki
kita
taro
rost
stoi
oi duh
duhky
kykk ta
tars
rsadu
adut,
t, Gn
Gnkt
ktkd
kd (4
(42;
2;;<
;<;6)
;6)

 darpa`hkpkt dknwk –ea`hokf`msos duhkyk saimckn, hkpkt hockiuik` ha`fk` pa`haiktk` < k)

 parockiu, tarikot ha`fk` pmck parockiu yk`f eaeprmhuiso nksoc ktku iafoktk`. Ra`haiktk` o`o

ea`ffkedkrik` sagkrk spasojoi ta`tk`f dkfkoek`k tufks hockisk`kik` hk` dkfkoek`k o`tarkiso

hoiacmck hkcke mrfk`oskso. Wuktu paiarlkk` ea`u`luik` tk`ffu`flkwkd, wawa`k`f hk` tufks

o`hovohu. d) `ocko darsko`f, yk`f hopk`hk`f hkro prajara`so hk` tktk `ocko hkro pkrk k`ffmtk`yk. g)

Ksueso ea`hkcke, tarikot ha`fk` pa`aik`k` pa`to`f yk`f pkco`f hkcke mrfk`oskso, ueue`yk

;1
 

tohki hkpkt hotac

hotackkn,
kkn, `keu`t
`keu`tarhkpk
arhkpktt ksues
ksuesoo darsk
darskek
ek hk` skek-
skek-skek
skek tknu dkfkoe
dkfkoek`k
k`k ea`u`t
ea`u`tu`
u`

 parockiu pkrk k`ffmtk`yk.

k`f fmtk`yk. pa`haiktk` o`o saro`f eaeocoio hkepki yk`f pariksk dkfo iaajaitojk`

saimckn―.

F. Wkskrk` hk` Xuluk` Ra`faedk`fk` Duhkyk hk` Co`fiu`fk` Waimckn

Ea`urut Eucyksk (42;;<?4) –ek`klaea` oicoe duhkyk saimckn earupkik` skckn sktu

iadolkik` yk`f nkrus hoparnktoik` Haphoi`ks hkcke rk`fik pa`o`fkiktk` eutu pa`hohik`. Oicoe
 duhkyk saimckn yk`f im`husoj honkrkpik` hkpkt ea`u`lk`f prmsas paedacklkrk` yk`f ajaitoj,

sano`ffk saeuk ponki yk`f hkpkt ea`u`lk`f prmsas paedacklkrk` yk`f ajaitoj, san`ffk saeuk

 ponki yk`f tarcodkt hohkcke``yk, inusus`yk pasartk hohoi earksk `ykek` dacklkr. Ha`fk`

haeoiok` , kik` targoptk paedacklrk` yk`f ajaitoj hk` ea`ya`k`fik`. Oicoe duhkyk saimckn

yk`f im`husoj lufk kik` eadk`fiotkik` saekfk`t dacklkr, hk` kik` eadk`fiotik` pmta`so-

 pmta`so pasartk hohoi sano`ffk hkpkt dariaedk`f sagkrk mptoekc―.

Ea`urut Eucyksk (42;;<?4) skskrk` oicoe duhkyk saimckn hkpkt hok`kcosos hkro nkc-nkc

sadkfko daroiut <

;.  Hawksk o`o pariaedk`fk` oceu pa`fatknuk`, tai`mcmfo, hk` sa`o darck`fsu`f satokp skkt,

 dafotu gapkt``yk pariaedkf`k` tarsdut sano`ffk sucot hooiuto mcan ektk tack`lk`f.
4.  Rariaedkf`k` pa`huhui yk`f gapkt eadutunik` packyk`k` pa`hohoik` yk`f daskr 

7.  Wuedar
Wuedarhkyk
hkyk ek`us
ek`usok
ok yk`f dariukcotks
dariukcotks earup
earupkik`
kik` emhkc hkskr saikcofus
saikcofus ea`lk
ea`lkho
ho iu`go

iadarn
iadarnkso
ksock`
ck` pae
paedk`
dk`fu`k
fu`k`
` `ks
`ksom`
om`kc
kc lo
loik
ik sue
suedar
dar-su
-sueda
edarr hkyk ek`
ek`uso
usokk ktk
ktku
u ta`
ta`kfk
kfk iar
iarlk
lk

O`hm`asok hkcke lueckn yk`f daskr hkpkt hoto`fiktik` eutu hk` pa`hkykfu`kk`yk.

8.  Rar
Rariae
iaedk`f
dk`fk`
k` tai
tai`mc
`mcmfo
mfo o`j
o`jmre
mrekso
kso yk`f dar
darck`
ck`fsu
fsu`f
`f daf
dafotu
otu gap
gapkt
kt tac
tackn
kn ea`
ea`oed
oeduci
ucik`
k`

 dardkfko paeoiork`, duik` sklk hkcke hu`ok dos`os hk` aim`meo, eacko`ik` lufk hkcke hu`ok

 pa`hohoik`. Q`tui ea`fnkhkpo tk`tk`fk` eksk hapk` sadkfko kiodkt hkro iaekluk` hk`

 pariaedk`fk` tai`mcmfo, saimckn nkrus ea`fo`sporkso nudu`fk` k`tkr @afkrk yk`f saekio`

arkt, sakik` tokhk dktks ckfo.

N.  Ek`jkkt Ra`faedkfk` Duhkyk hk` Co`fiu`fk` Waimckn

Ea`uru
Ea`urutt Gnk
Gnktkd
tkd (42
(4226<
26<;;)
;;) –duh
–duhkyk
kyk sai
saimck
mckn
n dar
darek`
ek`jkk
jkktt sad
sadkfk
kfkoo < k) oha
oha`to
`totks
tks,, yk`f

earupk
earupkik`
ik` gor
goroo ktk
ktku
u ikr
ikrkit
kitar
ar mrf
mrfk`o
k`osks
skso,
o, d) pa`
pa`foi
foikt/
kt/pae
paears
arsktu
ktu sap
sapart
artoo dknk
dknksk
sk su`
su`hk
hk yk`
yk`f
f

 darfkuc ha`fk` mrk`f su`hk, skek nmdo mcknrkfk`yk, g) smurgas,eoskc`yk o`sporkso, h) suedar 

 pa`ffarki hk` pmck parockiu, g) iaekpuk` ea`o`fiktik` `ocko tkedkn, j) pa`ffk`to jmrekscoskso,

saparto mcknrkfk ruto` luekt yk`f tohki hopkisk, f) eaik`osea khkptkso tarnkhkp parudknk`

saparto khk`yk ruekn susu`―. Wahk`fik` ea`urut Cutnk`s(hkcke Gnktkd, 4226<;;) –pa`to`f`yk

 duhkyk mrfk`osko ea`gkiup sadkfko daroiut < k) iatarkturk` parockiu

p arockiu yk`f holkck`ik`, d) `mrek,

sparto stk`hkr parockiu yk`f khk hosaimckn, g) `ocko yk`f hmeo`k`, saparto eutu cucusk` yk`f

to`ffo, ajosoa`so yk`f to`ffo, h) jocmsmjo saparto iadolkik` dkfkoek`k furu hoparcuik`, a) kturk`,

;:
 

saparto tu`tu`k` dkfo furu hohkcke saimckn j) oicoe mrfk`oskso, saparto gkrk pkrk k`ffmtk saimckn

 daro`tarkiso dkoi o`tar`kc ekupu` aistar`kc. sacko` dadarkpk ek`jkkt hoktks, ek`jkkt cko` dkfo

o`hovohu hk` iacmepmi khkckn < (;) ea`o`fiktik` iapukhk` iarlk9 (4) parfkuck` 9adon kirkd9 (7)

hosopco` ea`ofikt9 (8) pa`fkwksk` ju`fsom`kc dosk cadon ro`fk`9 (1) eu`guc iao`fo`k` u`tui 

sackcu
sackcu o`f
o`fo`
o` dar
darduk
duktt prm
prmkit
kitoj9
oj9 (:) dac
dacklk
klkrr hk` dar
darpra
prast
stkso
kso tar
tarus
us sar
sartk9
tk9 hk` (6) sac
sackcu
kcu o`f
o`fo`
o`

eaedaroik` yk`f tardkoi dkfo saimckn, iacukrfk, mrk`f cko` hk` horo sa`horo―.

O. Oepcaea`tkso
Fkedkrk` ta`tk`f oepcaea`tkso pa`faedk`fk` duhkyk hk` co`fiu`fk` saimckn ho WEK
 @afaro ; Rkcoek`k` ikdupkta` Goradm` hkcke ea`o`fiktik` iukcotks paedacklkrk`. Ra`yklok`
taeuk`
taeuk` ckpk`f
ckpk`fk`
k` o`o dartuluk`
dartuluk` u`tui ea`lkwkd parekskcknk`
parekskcknk` sadkfkoek`k
sadkfkoek`k yk`f tackn ikeo
 pkpkrik` hkcke dkd pa`hknucuk` sadacue`yk. Daroiut o`o khkckn taeuk` ckpk`fk` yk`f tackn
hockiuik` ho WEK @afaro ; Rkcoek`k` Ikdupkta` Goradm` ta`tk`f Rrmfrke darikotk` ha`fk`
Duhkyk hk` Oicoe Waimckn yk`f Im`husoj hk` O`mvktoj dkfo Raedacklkrk` Xknu` Racklkrk`
42;?/4242 k`tkrk cko`<

;  Ra`faedk`fk` duhkyk hkcke iafoktk` o`trkiucoiucar 

k.  Rrmfrke pa`faedk`fk` duhkyk hkcke paedacklkrk` hoiacks

Hkck
Hk cke
e ea
ea`f
`fae
aedk
dk`fi
`fik`
k` du
duhky
hkykk pk
pkhk
hk pr
prms
msas
as pa
paed
edac
ackl
klkr
krk`
k` fu
furu
ru-f
-fur
uru
u ho WE
WEK
K @a
@afa
faro
ro ;
Rkcoek`k` ikdupkta` Goradm` ea`faedk`fik``yk ha`fk` eaedaro skcke iatoik eaeduik hk`
ea`utup packlkrk` sartk eaeucko hk` ea`fkinoro packlkrk` ha`fk` eaedkgk hm‟k eaedaroik`
gm`tmn yk`f dkoi iapkhk soswk ha`fk` darsoikp smpk`, rkekn, hk` pahuco iapkhk pkrk soswk
sartk
sartk eae
eaemto
mtovks
vksoo ear
earaik
aik kfk
kfkrr ea`
ea`ued
ueduni
unik`
k` soi
soikp
kp tar
tarsad
sadut
ut iap
iapkhk
khk sas
saskek
kek,, nkc o`o sa
sasuk
sukoo
ha`fk` ha`fk` par`yktkk` skckn
skckn samrk`f furu
furu ykotu <
Ra`faedk`fk` duhkyk saimckn hkcke prmsas paedacklkrk` hohkcke iacks hockiuik` ha`fk` gkrk
eaeduhkykik` skcke iatoik eaeduik hk` ea`utup packlkrk` sartk eaeucko hk` ea`fkinoro
 packlkrk` ha`fk` eaedkgk hm‟k.
Hkroo pae
Hkr paekpkr
kpkrk`
k` hkt
hktkk hok
hoktks
tks ea`
ea`u`l
u`luik
uik`
` dknw
dknwkk fur
furu
u iat
iatoik
oik dar
darkhk
khk hoh
hohkck
kcke
e iac
iacks
ks
ta`tu`
ta`tu`yk
yk dar
darju`
ju`fso
fso sad
sadkfk
kfkoo mrk
mrk`f
`f yk`f hkp
hkpkt
kt eae
eaedk`t
dk`tu
u pas
pasart
artkk hoh
hohoi
oi hkc
hkcke
ke eae
eaeknke
knkeoo
 paedacklkrk`. Q`tui eaea`uno tufks tarsadut furu tohki sklk nkrus hkpkt ea`goptkik` suksk`k
 paedacklkrk` yk`f ea`kroi hk` nkrem`os, tatkpo samrk`f furu lufk parcu ea`faedk`fik`
 duhkyk saimckn saparto eaedokskik` eaedaro skcke sartk darhmk iatoik kik` eaeucko hk`
ea`fkinoro paedacklkrk` ho iacks sano`ffk hkpkt ea`goptkik` paedacklkrk` yk`f dariask` dkfo
 pasartk hohoi yk`f dartuluk` u`tui ea`lkhoik` paedacklkrk` yk`f hkpkt eark`fsk`f eo`kt
earaik.
 d.  Rrmfrke pa`faedk`fk` duhkyk iatoik hocukr iacks
Rrmf
Rrmfrk
rke
e pa
pa`f
`fae
aedk
dk`fk
`fk`
` duh
duhky
kykk ho
hocu
cukr
kr ia
iack
ckss yk
yk`f
`f ho
hock
ckiu
iuik`
ik` WE
WEK
K @af
@afar
aroo ; Rk
Rkco
coek
ek`k`
`k`
Ikdupkta` Goradm` ha`fk` eackiuik` pa`faedk`fk` ikritar soswk. Nkc o`o sasuko wkwk`gkrk
ha`fk` samrk`f furu ho ruk`f iarlk`yk ykotu <
Ra`faed
Ra`faedk`f
k`fk`
k` duhk
duhkyk
yk hoc
hocukr
ukr sai
saimck
mckn
n hoc
hockiu
kiuik`
ik` ha`f
ha`fk`
k` iafo
iafoktk
ktk`
` zoi
zoior
or dar
darske
skekk hk`
eaed
eaedkg
kgkik
kik`
` su
surk
rktt yk
ykso
so`
` pk
pkhk
hk sa
sato
tokp
kp nk
nkro
ro lu
lue‟
e‟kt
kt.. War
Wartk
tk pkh
pkhkk kp
kpac
ac pk
pkfo
fo da
dars
rske
kek-
k-sk
skek
ek
eaedkgkik` oirkr lk`lo soswk kfkr kpk yk`f earaik ugkpik` hkpkt earaik o`fkt sano`ffk
ea`gafkn pkrk soswk eack`ffkr kturk` saimckn. (48/26/42;1).

;6
 

Hkro paekpkrk` hktk hoktks ea`lacksik` dknwk paedacklkrk` tohki sackek`yk darkhk hohkcke
iacks.. Ekik paedac
iacks paedacklkrk`
klkrk` hocukr
hocukr nkrus eaeocoio im`sap iafoktk`
iafoktk` yk`f lacks
lacks,, sano`
sano`ffk
ffk dosk
ea`lkho kguk` utkek u`tui ea`hohoi pkrk soswk.
4  Ra`faedk`fk` duhkyk hkcke iafoktk` aistrkiucoiucar 
k.  Rrmfrke pa`faedk`fk` duhkyk hkcke iafoktk` iamcknrkfkk`
Mcknrkfk earupkik` skckn-sktu da`tui iafoktk` aistrkiucoiucar yk`f ea`fkrknik` pkhk mckn
josoi
josoi (l
(lkse
ksek`o
k`o),
), dar
darhks
hkskri
krik`
k` nkc tar
tarsad
sadut
ut eki
ekikk kfk
kfkrr iaf
iafokt
oktk`
k` mck
mcknrk
nrkfk
fk da`k
da`kr-d
r-da`k
a`krr hkp
hkpkt
kt
hockisk`kik` sadkoi-dkoi`yk hk` hkpkt ea`u`lk`f pa`gkpkok` tuluk` pa`hohoik` `ksom`kc, ekik
 parcu paedo`kk` iafoktk` aistrkiucoiucar hodohk`f mcknrkfk. Hoskepo`f sadkfko eahok
 paedacklkrk` yk`f hkpkt ea`o`fiktik` iadufkrkk` dkfo iasanktk` tudun eackcuo mckn tudun
 lufk earupkik` skrk`k dkfo pkrk soswk u`tui hkpt ea`faedk`fik` pmta`so, dkikt hk` eo`kt
yk`f hoeocoio`yk, sano`ffk ea`lkho ek`usok yk`f sankt hk` darprastkso, dkoi sagkrk o`hovohukc
ekupu` imcaitoj.
Hkcke pa`faedk`fk` duhkyk saimckn eackcuo iafoktk` mcknrkfk ho WEK @afaro ; Rkcoek`k`
Ikdupkta` Goradm` hockisk`kik` ha`fk` ea`kroi eo`kt soswk u`tui darmcknrkfk, nkc o`o sasuko
ha`fk` par`yktkk` samrk`f furu hkcke wkwk`gkrk darskek`yk ykotu <
Hkcke ea`faedk`fik` duhkyk saimckn eackcuo iafoktk` mcknrkfk ikeo eaeucko`yk ha`fk`
ea`kroi eo`kt pkrk soswk u`tui darmcknrkfk. Gkrk ikeo ea`kroi eo`kt soswk darmckn rkfk khkckn
ha`fk` ea`foiutik` earaik iaklk`f to`fikt imtk yk`f hockisk`kik` mcan ho`ks pa`hohoik`.
Wacko` otu hkcke iafotk``yk ho saimckn pa`faedk`fk` duhkyk samckn ha`fk` ea`kepkiik` `ocko
ialulu
ialulurk`
rk` eac
eackcu
kcuoo mck
mcknrk
nrkfk,
fk, ea`
ea`k`k
k`keik
eik`
` soi
soikp
kp iar
iarlks
lkskek
kek k`t
k`tkk toe eac
eackcuo
kcuo mck
mcknrk
nrkfk,
fk, hk`
ea`k`keik` emtovkso darprastkso iapkhk horo soswk eackcuo iafoktk` mcknrkfk. (48/26/42;1).
Hkro pae
Hkro paekpk
kpkrk`
rk` hkt
hktkk hok
hoktks
tks ea`
ea`u`l
u`luik
uik`
` dkn
dknwk
wk tul
tuluk`
uk` pae
paedo`
do`kk`
kk` iaf
iafokt
oktk`
k` ais
aistrk
trkiuc
iucoiu
oiucar 
car 
hodohk`f
hodohk`f mcknr
mcknrkfk
kfk hosaim
hosaimckn
ckn khkckn u`tui ea`u`l
ea`u`lk`f
k`f iafokt
iafoktk`
k` dackl
dacklkr
kr ea`fkl
ea`fklkr,
kr, inusus
inusus`yk
`yk
hodohk`f paedok`kk` dkikt hk` eo`kt pkrk pasartk hohoi hodohk`f mcknrkfk yk`f dariaedk`f
hoeksykrkikt sartk u`tui eaeda`tui pasartk hohoi yk`f sankt dkoi lksek`o, lowk hk` poiork``yk
sano`ffk ea`lkho ek`usok yk`f datuc-datuc sokp hk` darprastkso hkcke ea`lkck`o ianohupk``yk
 dkoi co`fiu`fk` kikhaeos ekupu` eksykrkikt.
 d.  Rrmfrke pa`faedk`fk` duhkyk hkcke iafoktk` iaprkeuikk`
Hkck
Hkcke
e ea
ea`f
`fae
aedk
dk`f
`fik`
ik` du
duhk
hkyk
yk sa
saimc
imckn
kn ea
eack
ckcu
cuoo ia
iafo
fokt
ktk`
k` ia
iapr
prke
keuik
uikk`
k`,, WE
WEK
K @a
@afa
faro
ro ;
Rkcoek`k` ikdupkta` Goradm` hockiuik` ha`fk` ea`k`keik` `ocko-`ocko iapkhk pkrk soswk. Nkc
o`o hou`fikpik` samrk`f furu hkcke wkwk`gkrk darskek`yk ykotu <
Ra`faedk`fk` duhkyk saimckn eackcuo iafoktk` iaprkeuikk` hosaimckn ikeo ckiuik` ha`fk`
ea`k`keik`
ea`k`keik` `ocko
`ocko-`ocko
-`ocko iahos
iahosopco
opco`,
`, tk`ffu`
tk`ffu`flkwkd
flkwkd,, iaekho
iaekhorok`,
rok`, iadars
iadarskekk,
kekk, iapaeo
iapaeoepo`k`
epo`k`,,
sartk rksk go`tk tarnkhkp kcke. (48/26/42;1).

Hkro paekpkrk` hktk hoktks ea`u`luik` dknwk farkik` prkeuik darju`fso sadkfko caedkfk
hocukr saimckn hk` saikcofus earupkik` wkhkn paedok`kk` pkrk fa`arkso ha`fk` ea`ffu`kik`
 pros`sop hkskr iaprkeuikk`. Eatmha iaprkeuikk` oiut sartk sagkrk kitoj ea`hohoi pkrk soswk
kfkr hkpkt ea`lkho ikhar dk`fsk yk`f dartk`ffu`flkwkd ktks targkpko`yk parluk`fk` tuluk`
 paedk`fu`k` `ksom`kc. Rrkeuik hohkcke`yk sackcu khk iafoktk` yk`f darnudu`fk` ha`fk`
kcke. Loik hoikotik` ha`fk` eaepacklkro hosaimckn la`os iafoktk` prkeuik sagkrk tohki ck`fsu`f
 darnudu`fk` ha`fk` ekpktacklkrk` oceu pa`fatknuk` smsokc.

g.  Rrmfrke pa`faedk`fk` duhkyk hkcke iafoktk` iasa`ok`

Hkcke pa`faedk`fk` duhkyk saimckn eackcuo iafoktk` iasa`ok`, WEK @afaro ; Rkcoek`k`
ikdupkta` Goradm` ea`k`keik` rksk iago`tkk` soswk tarnkhkp duhkyk hk` iasa`ok` hkarakn, nkc
o`o sasuko ha`fk` par`yktkk` samrk`f furu hkcke wkwk`gkrk darskek`yk ykotu <
Eackcu
Eackcuoo iafo
iafoktk
ktk ias
iasa`o
a`ok`
k` ike
ikeoo ea`
ea`k`ke
k`keik`
ik` rks
rkskk iag
iago`t
o`tkk`
kk` sos
soswk
wk tar
tarnkhk
nkhkp
p duhk
duhkyk
yk hka
hkarkn
rkn
ha`fk
ha`fk`
` ea
eaed
eduk
uktt iaf
iafok
oktk
tk`
` pkh
pkhkk sa
sato
tokp
kp ki
kino
norr sa
saea
east
star
ar ho
hoek
ek`k
`k pk
pkrk
rk so
sosw
swkk ho
howk
wklo
lodik
dik`
`

;>
 

ea`kepoik` suktu ktrkiso dkoi tkro-tkrok` ekupu` iksohkn sartk eaekiko pkikok` khkt hkarkn
yk`f
yk`f o`f
o`fo`
o` ear
earaik
aik tke
tkepoi
poik`.
k`. Iaf
Iafokt
oktk`
k` ais
aistr
trkiuc
kiucoiu
oiucar
car ias
iasa`o
a`ok`
k` (RK
(RKWW)
WW) hos
hosaca
aca`ffk
`ffkrki
rkik`
k`
honkrkpik` kfkr soswk eaparmcan pa`fkckek` darpratkso hk` darirakso. (48/26/42;1).
Hkro paekpkrk` hktk hoktks ea`u`luik` dknwk iafoktk` o`o earupkik` dkfok` pa`to`f hkro
 pa`hohoik` ikra`k iahuhuik``yk hkpkt ea`lkho eahok u`tui eaedk`fu` ikrkitar yk`f nkcus,
eaepu`yko
eaepu`yko iapaikk
iapaikk`,
`, rksk iaek`usokk`,
iaek`usokk`, iarlks
iarlkskek,
kek, iapahuc
iapahucok`,
ok`, sartk pa`ykc
pa`ykcurk`
urk` fkfksk` hk`
oeklo`kso sagkrk iraktoj hk` o`hkn. Iasa`ok` eaepu`yko hkyk iaekepuk` yk`f cukr doksk u`tui 
ea`fks
ea`fkskn
kn cmf
cmfoik
oik hk` rat
ratmro
mroik
ik dar
darpoi
poior.
or. Nk`
Nk`yk
yk skl
sklkk hkc
hkcke
ke iad
iadk`yk
k`ykik`
ik` iks
iksus,
us, iae
iaekep
kepuk`
uk`
iasa`o
iasa`ok`
k` o`o dac
dacue
ue spa
spa`un
`un`yk
`yk hos
hoskhk
khkro
ro eks
eksykr
ykrkikt
kikt,, eac
eackcu
kcuoo ais
aistrk
trkiuc
iucoiu
oiucar
car ias
iasa`o
a`okk o`o
o`o,,
honkrkpik`
honkrkpik` ekepu ea`go
ea`goptkik`
ptkik` suedar hkyk ek`usok yk`f eaepu`yko iagkikpk` ea`yoikpo
 parudknk` io`o hk` eksk yk`f kik` hktk`f.
7.  Woedmc
Woedmc-soed
-soedmc
mc duhkyk saimc
saimckn
kn hkcke eaepa
eaepariukt
riukt `ocko
`ocko-`ock
-`ockoo WEK @afaro ; Rkcoe
Rkcoek`k`
k`k`
ikdu
ikdupk
pkta
ta`
` Gora
Goradm
dm`
` hkck
hkcke
e eaep
eaepar
ariu
iukt
kt `ock
`ocko-
o-`o
`ock
ckoo eack
eackcu
cuoo soed
soedmc
mc-s
-soe
oedm
dmcc ha`f
ha`fk`
k`
ea`k`k
ea`k`keike
eikeik`
ik` iado
iadoksk
kskk`
k` dko
dkoi
i iapk
iapkhk
hk sos
soswk
wk iat
iatoik
oik dar
darkhk
khk hoc
hoco`f
o`fiu`f
iu`fk`
k` sai
saimck
mckn.
n. Nkc o`o
sasuko par`yktkk` samrk`f furu eackcuo wkwk`gkrk yktou <

  Waimckn
Waimckn eaedu
eaedukt
kt soed
soedmc-so
mc-soedmc
edmc duhkyk saimc
saimckn
kn darda`t
darda`tui
ui tuco
tucosk`
sk` ktku fkedkr yk`f

 dartuluk` u`tui ea`k`keik` iadokskk` dkoi saparto eaedaro skcke, eaeduk`f skepkn pkhk

taepktyk,
taepktyk, ea`gugo tk`fk`, hcc. iapkhk soswk kpkdock earaik
earaik darkhk hoco`fiu`fk`
hoco`fiu`fk` saimckn,
saimckn,

sano`ffk
sano`ffk earaik hkpkt eaedkg
eaedkgkk soedm
soedmc-so
c-soedmc
edmc tarsadut hk` ea`ar
ea`arkpik``y
kpik``ykk hkcke ianohupk`

sankr
sankro-
o-nk
nkro
ro.. Wa
Wano
no`f
`ffk
fk hkp
hkpkt
kt ea
eaep
epar
ariuk
iuktt `o
`ock
cko-
o-`o
`ock
ckoo yk
yk`f
`f o`
o`fo
fo`
` ho
hoia
iaed
edk`
k`fik
fik`
` sa
saimc
imckn
kn..

(48/26/42;1).

Hkro paekpkrk`
paekpkrk` hktk hoktk
hoktkss ea`u`luik` dknwk soedmc-soed
soedmc-soedmc
mc sk`fkt darfu`k hkcke
ea`ffk
ea`ffk`to
`toik`
ik` fur
furu
u iat
iatoik
oik ear
earaik
aik sah
sahk`f
k`f dar
darkhk
khk hoc
hocukr
ukr iac
iacks
ks eae
eaedar
daroik
oik`
` suk
suktu
tu pa`f
pa`fo`f
o`fkt
kt
iapkhk soswk kfkr earaik sackcu o`fkt ha`fk` kturk` kturk` yk`f khk hosuktu saimckn.
8.  Hkepki Duhkyk Waimckn Xarnkhkp Oicoe Waimckn
Hkepki pa`faedk`fk` duhkyk saimckn tarnkhkp oicoe saimckn ho WEK @afaro ; Rkcoek`k`
Ikdupkta`
Ikdupkta` Gorad
Goradm`
m` hotk`h
hotk`hko
ko ha`fk` pa`o`fiktk`
pa`o`fiktk` iukco
iukcotks
tks co`fiu`fk` o`tar`kc saimckn yk`f
hokckeo mcan soswk ekupu` iapkck saimckn hk` pkrk furu yk`f eaepa`fkruno ea`tkc hk`
 parockiu`yk. Nkc o`o hou`fikpik` mcan samrk`f furu hkcke wkwk`gkrk darskek`yk ykotu <
Ra`faedk`fk`
Ra`faedk`fk` duhkyk saimckn
saimckn yk`f tackn
tackn hockiuik`
hockiuik` darhkepki
darhkepki pmsotoj
pmsotoj dkfo oico
oicoe
e saimckn
ikeo dkoi horkskik` mcan pkrk soswk ekupu` iapkck saimckn sartk pkrk furu hoek`k tarconkt pkrk
furu darsaek`fkt u`tui ea`fklkr pkrk soswk, daiarlk skek sartk tarlkco``yk imeu`oikso yk`f
 dkoi. Wahk`fik` pkrk soswk tarconkt sk`fkt sa`k`f ea`aroek packlkrk`, eaeparconktik`
iraktovotks earaik, hk` eaektuno `mrek-`mrek yk`f khk hoco`fiu`fk` saimckn. (48/26/42;1).
  Hkro paekpk
paekpkrk`
rk` hktk hoktk
hoktkss ea`u`l
ea`u`luik`
uik` oico
oicoe
e saimc
saimckn
kn earul
earului
ui iapkhk nkto hk` lowk hkro
sadukn saimckn, psoimcmfos hk` ktrodut o`stotuso yk`f ea`lkhoik` saimckn eaeocoio iaprodkhok`,
yk`f racktoj dartknk` hk` hokckeo mcan sacurun k`ffmtk, yk`f ea`lacksik` parsapso imcaitoj hkro
 parockiu ruto`, hk` kik` eaepa`fkruno soikp hk` parockiu ho saimckn
1.  Ra`faedk`fk` duhkyk pkhk co`fiu`fk` saimckn
k.  Rrmfrke pa`faedk`fk` duhkyk pkhk co`fiu`fk` o`tar`kc
Hkcke ea`faedk`fik` duhkyk saimckn eackcuo co`fiu`fk` o`tar`kc WEK @afaro ; Rkcoek`k`
Ikdupkta`
Ikdupkta` Gora
Goradm`
dm` sackc
sackcu
u ea`k`ke
ea`k`keik`
ik` `ocko
`ocko-`ock
-`ocko.
o. Nkc o`o sapart
sapartoo par`yk
par`yktkk`
tkk` samrk`f furu
hkcke wkwk`gkrk darskek`yk ykotu <
Ra`faedk`fk` duhkyk hkcke co`fiu`fk` o`tar`kc saimckn hockiuik` ha`fk` eaeksk`f soedmc-
soedmc ho co`fiu`fk` saimckn saparto yk`f darnudu`fk` ha`fk` iadarsonk`.– Duk`fckn Wkepkn

 Rkhk Xaepkt`yk
Xaepkt`yk―― ktku –yuui iotk gugo tk`fk`
tk`fk` ha`fk`
ha`fk` kor darson
darson hk` skdu`―
skdu`―, Ea`k`keik`

;?
 

`ocko-`ocko
`ocko-`ocko iasmpk`k` ha`fk` eaeks
eaeksk`f
k`f soed
soedmc-so
mc-soedmc
edmc sapar
saparto
to – Dokskik`ckn Wkcke Wa`yue
Wkpk―― hk` iao`hknk` iapkhk soswk ha`fk` eaeksk`f soedmc-soe`mc saparto – Lk`fk` Dokrik`
Wkpk
 Co`fiu`fk` Waimckneu Imtmr ―.
―. (48/26/42;1).
Hkroo pae
Hkr paekpk
kpkrk`
rk` hkt
hktkk hok
hoktks
tks eal
ealack
acksik
sik`
` iao
iao`hkn
`hknk`
k` hk` iad
iadars
arsonk
onk`
` co`
co`fiu
fiu`fk`
`fk` kik
kik`
`
 darhkepki pkhk emtovkso dacklkr soswk hk` iasmpk`k` kik` darhkepki hkcke ea`lkfk `kek
 dkoi saimckn. Mcan sadkd otu co`fiu`fk` saimckn earupkik` skckn sktu taepkt yk`f pkco`f
p kco`f ueue
hofu`kik`
hofu`kik` sadkfk
sadkfkoo eahok paedacklkrk`
paedacklkrk` hkcke prmsa
prmsass dackl
dacklkr
kr ea`fkl
ea`fklkr
kr hk` co`fi
co`fiu`fk`
u`fk` saimckn
 pkco`f hok`ffkp hkpkt ea`k`keik` `ocko-`ocko sartk kturk` yk`f saskuo ha`fk` eksykrkikt.

 d.  Rrmfrke pa`faedk`fk` duhkyk pkhk co`fiu`fk` aistar`kc

Rk`fae
Rk`faedk`f
dk`fk`
k` duhk
duhkyk
yk sai
saimck
mckn
n eac
eackcu
kcuoo co`
co`fiu`
fiu`fk`
fk` ais
aistar
tar`kc
`kc ho WEK @afa
@afaro
ro ; Rkc
Rkcoe
oek`k`
k`k`
ikdupkta` Goradm` hockiuik` ha`fk` ea`lkco` nudu`fk` iarlkskek ha`fk` eksykrkikt. Nkc o`o
sasuko par`yktkk` samrk`f furu hkcke wkwk`gkrk horuk`f iarlk`yk ykotu <

Ra`faedk`fk` duhkyk ho co`fiu`fk` aistar`kc saimckn ikeo ckiuik` ha`fk` ea`lkco`

iarlkskek yk`f dkoi ha`fk` ponki mrk`ftuk soswk sartk eacodktik` pkrk soswk pkhk satokp
iafoktk` yk`f hosaca`ffkrkik` ho cukr saimckn. (48/26/42;1).
Hkro paekpkrk` hktk hoktks ea`lacksik` dknwk sadkfko saimckn yk`f dar`ku`f hkcke suktu
wockykn aistar`kc yk`f hosadut eksykrkikt. Ekik falkck toedkc dkcoi dkoi hkro saimckn iapkhk
eksykrkikt ekupu` sadkcoi``yk earupkik` rakcotks iasankrok` yk`f kik` sackcu tarlkho. Kpkckfo
iadarkhkk` saimckn darkhk hoco`fiu`fk` eksykrkikt imtk yk`f pariaedk`fk` dkoi oceu hk`
tai`mcmfo iok` paskt.

L. Ia`hkck-Ia`hkck
Caedkfk pa`hohoik` earupkik` skckn-sktu sostae mrfk`oskso yk`f dartuluk` eaedukt
 parudknk` iapkhk pkrk pasartk hohoi kfkr cadon dkoi, garhks, daroek`, dartkqwk, sartk ekepu
 darkhkptkso ha`fk` co`fiu`fk` hk`
hk ` sokp ea`fnkhkpo pariaedk`fk`
pariaedk`f k` zkek`. Wadkfko dkfok` hkro
mrfk`o
mrfk`osks
skso,
o, cae
caedkfk
dkfk pa`
pa`hho
hhoik`
ik` hop
hoparc
arcuik
uik`
` pa`
pa`fac
facmck
mckk`
k` duh
duhkyk
kyk yk`
yk`f
f sas
sasuko
uko ha`
ha`fk`
fk` duhk
duhkyk
yk
ekso`f-eks
ekso`f-ekso`f
o`f caedkf
caedkfkk tarsa
tarsadut.
dut. @keu` hkcke prmsas pa`gkpkok`
pa`gkpkok` tuluk
tuluk`
` tasadu
tasadutt saro
saro`fikco
`fikco
honkeporo mcan ia`hkck-ia`hkck yk`f kik` honkhkpo. daroiut dadarkpk taeuk` yk`f dosk iotk conkt
tarikot ia`hkck yk`f ho nkhkpo ho WEK @afaro ; Rkcoek`k` ikdupkta` Goradm` easiopu` tohki 
tarconkt sagkrk eayacurun tarnkhkp kspai duhkyk yk`f hoiaedk`fik`. Nkc yk`f ea`lkho ia`hkck
tarsadut
tarsadut khkckn ekso
ekson
n tarhk
tarhkpkt
pkt iadokskk` pkrk sosw
soswkk yk`f hktk`f tarc
tarckedkt.
kedkt. Nkc o`o hosadkdik`
hosadkdik`
khkk da
kh dadar
darkp
kpkk k`k
k`ki
i yk
yk`f
`f lk
lkrk
rki
i ru
ruek
ekn`y
n`ykk lk
lkun
un nk
nkru
russ sa
saimc
imckn
kn ho
hota
taep
epkt
kt ta
tars
rsadu
adutt ik
ikra
ra`k
`k
ea`yasukoik` ha`fk` taepkt iarlk mrk`ftuk`yk sartk khk`yk mrk`f tuk soswk yk`f ekson iurk`f
 pahuco tarnkhkp iatarckedktk` k`ki-k`ki earaik.
Darhkskrik` ia`hkck yk`f hoiaeuikik` hoktks Waimckn tackn eackiuik` to`hkik` hkcke
ea`fktkso ia`hkck tarsadut ha`fk` eaedaroik` hkjtkr kitojotks soswk horuekn u`tui ea`fatknuo
 pa`yadkd earaik tarckedkt, eaedukt hkjtkr iatarckedktk` soswk kfkr hkpkt hoconkt soswk yk`f
yk `f
saro`f tarckedkt satackn otu ea`fu`hk`f mrk`ftuk earaik u`tui hogkroik` smcuso kfkr soswk
tarsadut tohki tackedkt ckfo.

42
 

DKD OZ

RA@QXQR

K. Iasoepuck`
Darhks
Darhkskri
krik`
k` has
hasiro
iropso
pso tae
taeuk`
uk` ckp
ckpk`f
k`fk`
k` pkh
pkhkk dkd sad
sadacu
acue`y
e`ykk dar
daroiu
oiutt o`o dada
dadarkp
rkpkk

iasoepuck` hkro nksoc tarsadut <

;  Rrmfrke pa`faedk`fk` duhkyk hkcke iafoktk` o`trkiucoiucar 
Hkcke ea`faedk`fik`
ea`faedk`fik` duhkyk hkcke prmsas paedac
paedacklkrk
klkrk`
` hohkc
hohkcke
ke iacks furu-furu
furu-furu ho
WEK @afa
@afaro
ro ; Rkc
Rkcoek
oek`k`
`k` Ikd
Ikdupkt
upkta`
a` Gor
Goradm
adm`
` ea`
ea`fae
faedk`f
dk`fik`
ik``yk
`yk ha`
ha`fk`
fk` eae
eaedar
daroo skc
skcke
ke
iatoik
iatoik eae
eaedui
duikk hk` ea`
ea`utu
utup
p pac
packlk
klkrk`
rk` sar
sartk
tk eae
eaeuck
uckoo hk` ea`
ea`fki
fkinor
noroo pac
packlk
klkrk`
rk` ha`f
ha`fk`
k`
eaedkgk hm‟k, eaedaroik` gm`tmn yk`f dkoi iapkhk soswk ha`fk` darsoikp smpk`, rkekn, hk`
 pahuco iapkhk pkrk soswk sartk eaemtovkso earaik kfkr ea`uedunik` soikp tarsadut iapkhk
sask
saskek
ek.. Wa
Wahk`
hk`fi
fik`
k` pa
pa`f
`fae
aedk
dk`fk
`fk`
` du
duhk
hkyk
yk ho
hocu
cukr
kr iac
iacks
ks yk
yk`f
`f ho
hock
ckiui
iuik`
k` WE
WEK
K @a
@afa
faro
ro ;
Rkcoek`k` Ikdupkta` Goradm` ha`fk` eackiuik` iafoktk` \oior darskek hk` eaedkgkik` surkt
ykso` pkhk satokp nkro lue‟kt. Wartk pkhk kpac pkfo darskek-skek eaedkgkik` oirkr lk`lo soswk
kfkr kpk yk`f earaik ugkpik` hkpkt earaik o`fkt sano`ffk ea`gafkn pkrk soswk eack`ffkr 
kturk`
kturk` sai
saimck
mckn.
n. Mca
Mcan
n ikr
ikra`k
a`k Rae
Raedac
dacklk
klkrk`
rk` toh
tohki
ki sac
sackek
kek`yk
`yk dar
darkhk
khk hoh
hohkck
kcke
e iac
iacks.
ks. Eki
Ekikk
 paedacklkrk` hocukr nkrus eaeocoio im`sap iafoktk` yk`f lacks, sano`ffk dosk ea`lkho kguk`
utkek u`tui ea`hohoi pkrk soswk.
4.  Ra`faedk`fk` duhkyk hkcke iafoktk` aistrkiuroiucar 
Hkck
Hkcke
e pa
pa`fa
`faed
edk`
k`fk
fk`
` du
duhky
hkykk sa
saim
imck
ckn
n ea
eack
ckcu
cuoo ia
iafo
fokt
ktk`
k` ias
iasa`
a`ok
ok`,
`, WE
WEK
K @a
@afa
faro
ro ;
Rkcoek`k` Ikdupkta` Goradm` ea`k`keik` rksk iago`tkk` soswk tarnkhkp duhkyk hk` iasa`ok`
hkarakn, eackuo iafoktk` pkhk satokp kinor saeastar pkrk soswk howklodik` ea`kepoik` suktu
ktrkiso dkoi tkro-tkrok` ekupu` iksohkn sartk eaekiko pkikok` khkt hkarkn yk`f o`fo` earaik
tkepoik`
Wahk`fik` pa`faedk`fk` duhkyk saimckn eackcuo iafoktk` mcknrkfk ho WEK @afaro ;
Rkcoek`k` ikdupkta` Goradm` hockisk`kik` ha`fk` ea`kroi eo`kt soswk u`tui darmcknrkfk,
ea`kepkiik`
ea`kepkiik` `ocko ialul
ialulurk`
urk` eackcuo mcknrkfk, ea`k`keik` soikp iarlk
iarlkskek
skek k`tk toe eackcuo
mcknrkfk, hk` ea`k`keik` emtovkso darprastkso iapkhk horo soswk eackcuo iafoktk` mcknrkfk
Wartk
Wartk hkc
hkcke
ke ea`
ea`fae
faedk`f
dk`fik`
ik` duhk
duhkyk
yk sai
saimck
mckn
n eac
eackcu
kcuoo iaf
iafokt
oktk`
k` iap
iaprke
rkeuikk
uikk`,
`, WEK
 @afaro ; Rkcoek`k` Ikdupkta` Goradm` ea`k`keik` `ocko-`ocko iahosopco`, tk`ffu`flkwkd,
iaekhorok`, iadarskekk, iapaeoepo`k`, sartk rksk go`tk tarnkhkp kcke.

7.  Woedmc-soedmc duhkyk saimckn hkcke eaepariukt `ocko-`ocko

Hkepki
Hke pki pa`f
pa`faed
aedk`fk
k`fk`
` duhk
duhkyk
yk saimck
saimckn
n tar
tarnkhk
nkhkp
p oic
oicoe
oe sai
saimck
mckn
n ho WEK @af
@afaro
aro ;
Rkcoek`k` ikdupkta` Goradm` hotk`hko ha`fk` pa`o`fiktk` iukcotks co`fiu`fk` o`tar`kc saimckn
yk`f hokckeo mcan soswk ekupu` iapkck saimckn hk` pkrk furu yk`f eaepa`
eaepa`fkruno
fkruno ea`tkc
ea`tkc hk`
 parockiu`yk
8.  Hkepki Duhkyk Waimckn Xarnkhkp Oicoe Waimckn
Hkepki
Hkepki pa`f
pa`faed
aedk`fk
k`fk`
` duhk
duhkyk
yk sai
saimck
mckn
n tar
tarnkhk
nkhkp
p oic
oicoe
oe sai
saimck
mckn
n ho WEK @af
@afaro
aro ;
Rkcoek`k` ikdupkta` Goradm` hotk`hko ha`fk` pa`o`fiktk` iukcotks co`fiu`fk` o`tar`kc saimckn
yk`f hokckeo mcan soswk ekupu` iapkck saimckn hk` pkrk furu yk`f eaepa`
eaepa`fkruno
fkruno ea`tkc
ea`tkc hk`
 parockiu`yk.
1. Duhkyk saimckn khkckn `ocko-`ocko
`ocko-`ocko hmeo`k` yk`f hohuiu`f mcan saimck
saimckn
n ktku jkcskjkn
yk`f
yk`f ea`
ea`u`t
u`tu`
u` iado
iadolki
lkik`
k` sai
saimck
mckn
n tar
tarnkh
nkhkp
kp sae
saeuk
uk u`s
u`sur
ur hk` ime
imepm`
pm`a`
a` sai
saimck
mckn
n tar
tareks
eksui 
ui 
stkian
stkianmch
mchars
ars pa`h
pa`hoho
ohoik`
ik`,, sap
sapart
artoo gkr
gkrkk eac
eackis
kisk`k
k`kik`
ik` pai
paiarl
arlkk`
kk` ho sai
saimck
mckn
n sar
sartk
tk ksu
ksueso
eso ktk
ktku
u
iapargkykk` hkskr yk`f hok`ut mcan parsm`oc saimckn.

4;
 

:. Ek`jkkt duhkyk saimckn

saimckn khkckn <
k.  Ea`lkeo` iukcotks iarlk yk`f cadon dkoi.
 d.  Eaeduik sacurun lkro`fk` imeu`oikso hkro safkck la`os hk` cavac dkoi imeu`oikso vartoikc
ekupu` nmrosm`tkc.
g.  Cadon tarduik hk` trk`spkrk`.
h.  Ea`goptkik` iadarskekk` hk` rksk skco`f eaeocoio yk`f to`ffo.
a.  Ea`o`fiktik` smcohkrotks hk` rksk iaiacukrfkk`.
j.  Loik ea`aeuik` iaskcknk` kik` safark hkpkt hopardkoio.
f.  Hkpkt darkhkptkso ha`fk` dkoi tarnkhkp pariaedk`fk` ORXAI.
6. Duh
Duhkyk
kyk sai
saimck
mckn
n yk`
yk`f
f aja
ajaito
itojj hkp
hkpkt
kt tar
tarlkh
lkhoo eac
eackcu
kcuoo iat
iatarc
arcodk
odktk`
tk` mrk
mrk`f
`f tuk hkc
hkcke
ke
ea`u`lk`f iafoktk` saimckn, iatackhk` furu (ea`hohoi ha`fk` da`kr, eaeknkeo dkikt, eo`kt
hk` iadutunk` dacklkr k`ki, ea`goptkik` co`fiu`fk` hk` suksk`k dacklkr yk`f im`husoj hk`
ea`ya
ea`ya`k
`k`fi
`fik`
k` sa
sart
rtkk ea
eaej
ejks
ksoc
ocot
otks
ksoo ia
iadut
dutun
unk`
k` da
dack
cklk
lkrr k`
k`ki
ki),
), hk
hk`
` pr
pras
astk
tkso
so so
sosw
swkk yk
yk`f
`f
eaedk`ffkik`.
  >. Gm`tmn duhkyk saimckn yk`f ajaitoj k`tkrk cko` <
m  Duhkyk skcke

m  Qpkgkrk da`hark
m  Wnmckt Darlkekkn
◉ CHIW

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