Learning

FIELD STUDY 2 Episode Understanding

AR Concepts,

FS 2 3
Process and
Models

To have a meaningful and successful accomplishment in this FS episode, be sure to

read through the whole episode before participating and assisting in your FS2 Resource
Teacher’s class. Note all the information you will need and tasks you will need to do before
working on this episode.

Target Your Intended Learning Outcomes

At the end of this Learning Episode, I must be able to:
 Use concept and processes of action research.
 Identify sample models of AR such as of DepEd, 2017; McNiff & Whitehead, 2006;
Nelson, 2014.

Clarify Your Task

Understanding and Using Action Research Concepts and Processes
The definition of action research evolved over time. There is no singular definition of
action research. Anchored on the idea of inquiry by John Dewey several other authors have
advanced the concept of action research. Action research is a type of inquiry that is:
 Practical as it involves making changes to practice.
 Theoretical as it informed by theory and can generate new insights.
 Concerned with change and improvement.

Action research has been embraces in education for its value in transforming school practices
by the practitioners themselves. It is used to address practical problems in the classroom. It is a
process that allows teachers to study their own classroom and school setting to improve their
effectiveness. Teacher Action Research (TAR) is a method for educational practitioners
(teachers, school leaders) to engage in the assessment and improvement of their own practice. It
is a tool to help classroom teachers consider their teaching methods or to adopt a strategy in
order to solve everyday problem in the school setting.
Here are some questions and answers that you need to know.
1. What are the Core Characteristics of AR (Tichen, 2015)?
 Systematic – Like any form of research, it follows a system.
 Rigorous – It has rigor, meaning a strict adherence to the rules of empirical studies.
 Reflective - It follows a continuous reflection and action.
 Situational – It is more specific to the location (school) circumstances (teaching and
learning, etc.)
 Participative – AR can be participative where teachers and learners are co-researchers.
 Future-oriented – It seeks solution to current problem for future improvement.
2. Why is Action Research useful to me as a Teacher Researcher?
 AR can help me to learn how to improve my practice as a teacher in terms of teaching
methods, classroom management, preparation of the learning environment, developing
instructional materials and assessment.
 AR can help me learn more about a wider range of research methods that I can use in
the future.
 AR can provide me more space to think deeply about the issues that confront teaching
and learning.
 AR can help me engage with my mentor and peers to enable me to improve my
teaching practices through action research.
 AR can help me develop new knowledge which is directly related to my are of
specialization.
3. What types of classroom action studies that I can engage in?
 Creating changes in the classroom practices. Example: What changes will daily writing
have on my students?
 Establishing effects of curriculum restructuring. Example: Will the use of mother
tongue enhance the reading skills of my learners?
 Enhancing new understanding of learners. Example: What happens when students get
demotivated?
 Teaching a new process to the students. Example: How can I teach third graders to do
reflection?

MODELS and GUIDE in CONDUCTING ACTION RESEARCH

 McNiff & Whitehead 2006 (Adaptation)
Action Research The Action Research Process
Cycle
OBSERVE Identify the problem.
1. Based on observation and noticing, what problematic
situations prevail in the classroom or teaching learning
environment?
2. Which of these problems shall I focus on?
3. What does literature say about this problem? On what
theories or principles I learned before id the problem
 anchored?
REFLECT Reflect (Reflection continues all throughout the process.)
1. What do I hope to achieve? What do I intend to change for
the better?
2. Is doing this action research important to improve my
practice?
3. Can I do this alone? Or should I collaborate?
PLAN Plan An Action Research Strategy
1. What type of research will I use? Quantitative? Qualitative?
2. How will I describe my innovation? Intervention? Strategy?
3. Is my plan doable within the given period of time?
ACT Take Action
1. How do I put my plan into action? How long?
2. How will I gather data or information?
3. What sense or meaning do I get out of the data?
EVALUATE Use Findings
1. Where do I apply results to improve practice?
2. Are my findings worth sharing?
MODIFY Move To Another Cycle
1. Is there a need to modify intervention to get new results?
2. Should I move to another cycle of action research?
 Nelson, O 2014 Model
OBSERVE Identify The Problem
1. Based on observation and noticing, what problematic
situations prevail in the classroom or teaching learning
environment?
2. Which of these problems shall I focus on?
3. What does literature say about this problem? On what
theories or principles I learned before id the problem
anchored?
REFLECT Reflect (Reflection continues all throughout the process.)
1. What do I hope to achieve? What do I intend to change for
the better?
2. Is doing this action research important to improve my
practice?
3. Can I do this alone? Or should I collaborate?
PLAN Plan An Action Research Strategy
1. What type of research will I use? Quantitative? Qualitative?
2. How will I describe my innovation? Intervention? Strategy?
3. Is my plan doable within the given period of time?
ACT Take Action
1. How do I put my plan into action? How long?
2. How will I gather data or information?
3. What sense or meaning do I get out of the data?

 Department of Education (DO 16) 2017 Model

 Action Research Key Components Action Research Process
I. CONTEXT AND Identifying the Problem
RATIONALE 1. Why am I doing this?
II. ACTION RESEARCH 2. What is the background of my action research?
QUESTIONS 3. What problem/question am I trying to solve?
4. What do I hope to achieve?
III. PROPOSED INNOVATION, Proposed Plan
INTERVENTION AND 1. What do I plan as a solution to the problem I
STRATEGY identified? (Describe)
2. What innovation will I introduce to solve the
problem? (Describe)
3. What strategy should I introduce? (Describe)
IV. ACTION RESEARCH Plan of Action Research
METHODS 1. Who are to participate? (my students, peers,
a. Participants and/or other myself)
Sources of Data and 2. What are my sources of information?
Information (participants)
b. Data Gathering Methods 3. How shall I gather information?
c. Data Analysis Plan 4. How will I analyze my data/information?
V. ACTION RESEARCH WORK Action Research Work Plan
PLAN AND TIMELINES 1. What should my work plan contain? (targets,
activities, persons involved, timeline, cost)
2. How long will I conduct my intervention? (For
reliable results 8 to 12 weeks)
VI. COST ESTIMATES Action Research Cost- (Consider also the maximum cost
if externally funded like DepEd, LGUs NGO or personal)
VII. PLANS FOR Sharing Results
DISSEMINATION AND 1. How will I share the result of my action research?
UTILIZATION (Publish, Present, Flyers, LAC sessions)
2. Can I collaborate with other teachers to continue
or replicate my study?
VIII. REFERENCES References
1. What reading materials and references are
included in my review of literature?

Revisit the Infographic/s

Action research is a dynamic process anchored on Reflection- Action Cycle of Observing,
Reflecting, Acting, Evaluating and Modifying.
 Action research is cyclical, recursive process of observe >> reflect>> act>> evaluate>>
modify>> move in new direction id known as action-reflection (McNiff & Whitehead, 2006). In
2011, McNiff defined action research as form of inquiry that enables practitioners to investigate
and evaluate their work. Before that, Corey in 1953 viewed action research as a recursive or
repeated process, proceeding through spiralling cycle of planning, actions, reflections, and
change.
In a similar vein, Nelson, 2014 proposed an action research cycle that starts with Observe
followed by Reflect, Plan and Act which can also go through evaluation and modification. It also
follows a cyclical process. ß

Plan Act

The Action
Research Cycle

Reflect Observe

Source: Nelson, O. 2014

Participate and Assist

You are now ready to participate and assist!
Understanding fully the concept and the process of Action Research will enable you to learn and
provide the needed assistance to your teacher mentor in doing Action Research
Notice
What concepts have been emphasized in the task and infographics? Give at least four
1. Learning is always a cycle
2. It all starts with a simple observation
3. Action is always part of the process
4. it is a repeated steps then move to the directions and do the same.
Since the 3 models are all action research, what are the common elements of the three?
Answer: Observation, reflections, plan, action, evaluation, modification and reflection again.
Analyze
Choose the AR sample Abstract that you submitted in Episode 2.
 Analyze the components vis-à-vis only one model out of the 3 presented

If you choose to compare with model A-McNiff & Whitehead, 2006, here are the
components.
Title land Author of the Action Research:
Key Components Entry from your Sample AR
OBSERVE The Problem
REFLECT Reflection
PLAN Plan of Action
ACT Implementation
EVALUATE Findings
MODIFY Recommendations

 If you choose to compare with model B- Nelson, O. 2014, here are the
components.
Titles and Author of the Action Research:
Key Components Entry from your Sample AR
OBSERVE The Problem
REFLECT Reflection
PLAN Plan of action
ACT Implementation

Or if you choose the DepEd Model,2017,here are the components

Title and Author:[the same as your entry in model A]
 Key Component Action Research Process
I. Context and Rationale Study Background
II. Action Research Question AR Questions
III. Proposed Innovation, Intervention Describe Innovation/Intervention/Strategy.
Strategy
IV. Action Research Methods Describe Action Research Method.
a. Participants /other sources of data
b. Data Gathering Methods
c. Data Analysis Plan
V. Action Research Work Plan Summarize Action Research Work Plan
VI. Cost Estimate Write cost Estimate
VII. Plan for Dissemination and Describe how the results will be shared
Utilization
VIII. References Write at least 3 References.

What have you understood about the concept of Action Research and how will these be utilized
in your practice?
Answer: I understand that knowledge about inquiry is produced through action research in
relevant educational environments. Action research enables educators to learn by doing in order
to advance personally or professionally. The action research process is unique in educational
research due to its participatory element.
Reflect
As a future Teacher, is conducting an Action Research worth doing?
Answer: Yes
Why?
Answer: Conducting an action research is worth doing for us to make things easy and conserve
our efforts and save time. Action research produce more effective teaching strategies fitted to the
dynamic students.
How can AR be useful for every classroom Teacher?
Answer: Action Research is not only for beneficial for students, in fact is more helpful for the
classroom teacher because it maximizes their full skills and knowledge. Teachers can deal with
different classroom barriers and effectively learn together with the students through different
ways of action research.
Write Action Research Prompts

OBSERVE
 Remembering my classroom observations in FS 1, I noticed that there are many questions that
I raised in my mind. These include:
a. Why would pre-service teacher work on answering 2 FS books instead of making it just only
1?
b. Why is there a need to put overlapping contents on the wall of each classroom? This might
just distract the focus of the student to the one speaking in front of them.
c. Why it is just 1 hour per period? Most of the teacher’s overtime to deliver the lesson because
of lack of time.

REFLECT

Thinking deeply about those problems, perhaps something must have been done to solve the
problem or answer the question, like:
A. Why our county is still under the developing stage which in facet we have so many genius
teachers and productive students. We are exceling varieties of knowledge based competitions
around the world.
B. Why do teachers still have to loan in different banks to supply all their needs?
C. Why there is a need for a newly employed teacher to send them in far distance school? Is
surviving in college, exams and ample of requirements not enough to measure their passion in
teaching?

PLAN
Now, that I am in FS2, I plan to make a plan for my solution to problem (choose from a, b, c)
because it should be changed or stop.

ACT
My action will come later, given enough time in FS 2 or during my Teaching Internship.

Check for Mastery

Direction: Check from the choices, what answer/s respond to the question correctly and put an
X if otherwise.
1. Action research requires a teacher to
_______ Observant of what is happening in the classroom
_______ asking oneself of how to improve teaching
_______ following the daily routine all the time
_______ finding ways on how children should learn better
_______ Blaming learners for their inability to learn
2. There are many ways of doing action research which follow a cyclical process. The process
includes:
_______ Observe, Reflect, Plan, Act
_______ Observe, Plan, Act, Reflect
_______ Reflect, Observe, Act, Reflect
_______ Modify, Observe, Plan, Act
3. As an Action Researcher, I will be developing my skill as a person who is
_______ Systematic
_______ Reflective
_______ Rigorous
_______ Futuristic
_______ Situational
4. On which of the following would you choose to conduct an Action Research. Why?
_______ Changes in the classroom practice. Why? ____________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
_______Effects of Curriculum restructuring. Why? ____________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
_______Understanding of self as a Teacher. Why? Answer: Because you can cannot let your
students understand what you are talking about unless you know more about yourself.
Understanding the self is the most crucial part for me. Teacher must focus first on their
total well-being before any knowledge in the books.
_______ Teaching a new process to the students. Why? _________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
5. Which of the following relates closely to What action research is?
_______ Used to address practical problems n the classroom
_______ Refers only to everyday life of the learners
_______ Allows teachers to study their own classroom
_______ Brings theories and practices together.