A Technical Seminar Report On

5G TECHNOLOGY

Submitted In partial fulfillment of the requirements

For the award of the degree of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
IN
ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

SUBMITTED
BY

G.GANESH REDDY (19P65A0431)

Department of
Electronics and Communication Engineering

(Affiliated to JNTU Hyderabad, Approved by APSCHE &AICTE)

Aushapur (v), Ghatkesar (m), R.R Dist, Hyderabad-501301
2021-22

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 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the Technical Seminar report titled on “5G TECHNOLOGY”, being
submitted by G.GANESH REDDY (19P65A0431) in partial fulfillment for the award of the
Degree of Bachelor of Technology in “ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION
ENGINEERING” to Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Hyderabad, is a record of a
bonafide work carried out by him/her under my guidance and supervision.

The results embodied in this Technical Seminar report have not been submitted to any other
University/Institution for the award of any Degree.

Technical Seminar coordinators Head of the Department (ECE)

Dr.Ch.Suneetha (Associate Prof.) Dr. U. Poorna lakshmi

Ms.J.Nirmala (Assistant Prof.)

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 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering

CANDIDATE DECLARATION

I hereby declare that this Technical Seminar report titled on “5G TECHNOLOGY”, submitted by me
to the Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Vignana Bharathi Institute of
Technology, Aushapur, to Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Hyderabad, is a bonafide work
undertaken by G.GANESH REDDY (19P65A0431) and it is not submitted to any other University or
Institution for the award of any degree.

G. Ganesh Reddy (19P65A0431)

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
At the outset, I sincerely thank to the management and department of ECE for providing
concurrent support for my mini project to complete in stipulated time.

Firstly, I would thank the Management for providing constant support throughout the
completion of Technical Seminar.Secondly, I sincerely thank our beloved Principal
Dr.PVS.SRINIVAS and Head of the Department, Dr. U. Poorna lakshmi, for their kind
cooperation and encouragement for the successful completion of project report and providing the
necessary facilities.

I express my sincere gratitude to Dr.Ch.Suneetha (Associate Professor),Ms.J.Nirmala

(Assistant Professor) coordinators and other faculty members for providing lab facilities during
the Technical Seminar and for their insightful comments and constructive suggestions to improve
the quality of this technical seminar.

I sincerely express thanks to our parents who have been a motivating factor during the
present stay in the college campus.

G. Ganesh Reddy (19P65A0431)

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 ABSTRACT

5G Technology stands for 5th Generation Mobile technology. 5G is a name used in some
research papers and projects to denote the next major phase of mobile telecommunications
standards beyond the upcoming 4G standards. Currently, 5G is not a term officially used for any
particular specification or in any official document yet made public by telecommunication
companies or standardization bodies such as 3GPP, WiMAX Forum or ITU-R. New standard
releases beyond 4G are in progress by standardization bodies, but at this time are not considered as
new mobile generations since implementation and rollout of systems compliant with 4G is still
under way; the goals of a 5G-based telecommunications network would ideally answer the
challenges that a 4G model would present once it has entered widespread use.
5G technologies will change the way most high-bandwidth users access their phones. With 5G
pushed over a VOIPenabled device, people will experience a level of call volume and data
transmission never experienced before. 5G technology will offer the services in Product
Engineering, Documentation, supporting electronic transactions (e-Payments, e-transactions) etc.
Today we will hardly witness a cell phone without an mp3 player with huge storage memory and a
camera. We can even use the new 5G cell technologies to hook our phone to our laptop for
broadband Internet access. The modern day cell phone resembles a hand held computer more than
it does a phone, as most of them contain cameras, video players, MP3 recording, and much more.

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

CERTIFICATES 2
CANDIDATE DECLARATION 3
ACKNOWLEDGMENT 4
ABSTRACT 5
LIST OF FIGURES 8

CHAPTER1:
1. Introduction 9

CHAPTER 2
2. Evolution from 1G-4G networks 10
2.1 1G technology 10
2.2 2G technology 11
2.3 3G technology 11
2.4 4G technology 12
2.5 Comparison from 1G to 4G technologies 13

CHAPTER 3
3. Overview of 5G technology 14
3.1 The fifth generation(5G)-Real wireless world system 14
3.2 What 5G technology offer? 15

CHAPTER 4
4. Key concepts and Features of 5G technology 16
4.1 Key concepts of 5G technology 16
4.2 Features of 5G technology 17

CHAPTER 5
5. Basic architecture of 5G technology 18
5.1 Ubiquitous Computing 18

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 5.2 Aggregator 18
5.3 Flatter IP concept 19
5.4 5G Architecture-The Nanocore 20
5.4.1 Nanotechnology 21
5.4.2 Nano Equipment (NE) 21
5.4.3 Cloud computing 21
5.4.4 All IP Network 23

CHAPTER 6
6. Design of 5G mobile network architecture 24

CHAPTER 7
7. Hardware and Software of 5G 25
7.1 5G Hardware 25
7.2 5G Software 25

CHAPTER 8
8. Conclusion and Future enhancement 26
8.1 Conclusion 26
8.2 Future enhancement 26

REFERENCES 27

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 LIST OF FIGURES

S. No Title Page No

1 Fig 2.1.1: 1G Mobile Phone 10

2 Fig 2.2.1: 2G Mobile Phone 11
3 Fig 2.3.1: 3G Generation 12
4 Fig 2.4.1: 4G Mobile Phone 13
5 Table 2.1.1: Comparison from 1G to 4G technologies 13
6 Fig 5.4.1: 5G Architecture- The Nanocore 20
7 Fig 5.4.2: The Nanocore 20
8 Fig 5.4.3.1: Cloud computing 22
9 Fig 5.4.4.1: All IP Network 23
10 Fig 6.1.1: Functional Architecture for 5G Mobile Networks 24

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 CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION

The world has seen a lot of changes in the realm of communication. Today we no more use landlines.
Everyone possesses a mobile phone that functions nine to seven. Our handsets not only keep us
connected with the world at large but also serve the purpose of entertainment gadget. From 1G to 2.5G
and from 3G to 5G this world of telecommunications has seen a number of improvements along with
improved performance with every passing day.
5G technology is on its way to change the way by which most of the users access their handsets. Users
will go through a level of call volume and data transmission with 5G pushed over a VOIP enables
gadget. With increasing awareness of customers with respect to upcoming technologies, affordable
packages and good looks; it is very important that mobile producers must give an altogether decent
package for keeping up the customer loyalty. The most important and leading motive of leading mobile
phone manufacturers is the creation of best and latest technology to compete with innovative market
giants. We have seen great cell phones one after another, with unbelievable traits. Apple has remained
successful in shivering the electronic world by putting forth its latest iPhone 4G that take the market by
storm.
5G technology will change the manner in which cellular plans are offered worldwide. A new revolution
is about to begin. The global cell phone is around the corner. The global mobile phone will hit the
localities who can call and access from China to Germany’s local phone with this new technology. The
way in which people are communicating will altogether upgrade. The utilization of this gadget will
surely move a step ahead with improved and accessible connectivity around the world. Your office will
shrink into your handset with this cell phone that is going to resemble PDA (personal digital assistant)
of twenty first century.

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 CHAPTER 2
EVOLUTION FROM 1G-4G NETWORKS

The telecommunication service in World had a great leap within a last few year. 6 billion people own
mobile phones so we are going to analyze the various generations of cellular systems as studied in the
evolution of mobile communications from 1st generation to 5th generation. We can analyze that this
could be due to increase in the telecoms customers day by day. In the present time, there are four
generations in the mobile industry. These are respectively 1G- the first generation, 2G- the second
generation, 3G- the third generation, and then the 4G- the forth generation,5G-the fifth second
generation.

2.1 1G technology
The first generation of mobile phones was analog systems that emerged in the early 1980s. More
popularly known as cell phones. 1G- technology replaced 0G technology, which featured mobile radio
telephones and such technologies as Mobile Telephone System (MTS), Advanced Mobile Telephone
System (AMTS), Improved Mobile Telephone Service (IMTS), and Push to Talk (PTT). Its successor,
2G, which made use of digital signals, 1G wireless networks used analog radio signals. 1G was old
analog system and supported the 1st generation of analog cell phones speed up to 2.4kbps. Through 1G,
a voice call gets modulated to a higher frequency of about 150MHz and up as it is transmitted between
radio towers. This is done using a technique called Frequency-Division Multiple Access (FDMA). But
its fail in some field such as in terms of overall connection quality, 1G compares unfavorably to its
successors. It has low capacity, unreliable handoff, poor voice links, and no security at all since voice
calls were played back in radio towers, making these calls susceptible to unwanted eavesdropping by
third parties.

Fig 2.1.1: 1G Mobile Phone

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2.2 2G technology
The second generation, 2G system, fielded in the late 1980s and finished in the late 1990s, was planned
mainly for voice transmission with digital signal and the speeds up to 64kbps. Second Generation (2G)
wireless cellular mobile services was a step ahead of First Generation( 1G) services by providing the
facility of short message service(SMS) unlike 1G that had its prime focus on verbal communication.
The bandwidth of 2G is 30-200 KHz. During the second generation, the mobile telecommunications
industry experienced exponential growth in terms of both subscribers and value-added services.

Fig 2.2.1: 2G Mobile Phone

2.3 3G technology
In this 3G Wide Brand Wireless Network is used with which the clarity increases and gives the
perfection as like that of a real conversation. The data are sent through the technology called Packet
Switching Voice calls are interpreted through Circuit Switching. It is a highly sophisticated form of
communication that has come up in the last decade. In addition to verbal communication it includes
data services, access to television/video, categorizing it into triple play service. 3G operates at a range
of 2100MHz and has a bandwidth of 15-20MHz. High speed internet service, video chatting are the
assets of 3G.
With the help of 3G, we can access many new services too. One such service is the GLOBAL
ROAMING. Another thing to be noted in case of 3G is that Wide Band Voice Channel that is by this
the world has been contracted to a little village because a person can contact with other person located
in any part of the world and can even send messages too. There is also a concern that in many countries
3G will never be deployed due to its cost and poor performance. Although it is possible that some of
the weaknesses at physical layer will still exist in 4G systems, an integration of services at the upper
layer is expected.

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 Fig 2.3.1: 3G Generation

2.4 4G technology
When It is still to estimate as to how many number of people have moved on from 2G to 3G ,
technology has come up with the latest of its type namely 4G.A successor of 2G and 3G, 4G promises a
downloading speed of 100Mbps. Then with the case of Fourth Generation that is 4G in addition to that
of the services of 3G some additional features such as Multi-Media Newspapers, also to watch T.V
programs with the clarity as to that of an ordinary T.V. In addition, we can send Data much faster than
that of the previous generations.
Some of the applications are:
 Mobile TV- a provider redirects a TV channel directly to the subscriber's phone where it can be
watched.
 Video on demand- a provider sends a movie to the subscriber's phone.
 Video conferencing- subscribers can see as well as talk to each other.
 Tele-medicine a medical provider monitors or provides advice to the potentially isolated
subscriber.
 Location-based services- a provider sends localized weather or traffic conditions to the phone.
 Mobile ultra-broadband (gigabit speed) access and multi-carrier transmission.
 Mobile WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access)

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 Fig 2.4.1: 4G Mobile Phone

2.5 Comparison from 1G to 4G technologies

Table 2.1.1: Comparison from 1G to 4G technologies

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 CHAPTER 3
OVERVIEW OF 5G TECHNOLOGY

5G Technology stands for 5th Generation Mobile technology. 5G mobile technology has changed the
means to use cell phones within very high bandwidth. User never experienced ever before such a high
value technology. Nowadays mobile users have much awareness of the cell phone (mobile) technology.
The 5G technologies include all type of advanced features which makes 5G mobile technology most
powerful and in huge demand in near future.
A user can also hook their 5G technology cell phone with their Laptop to get broadband internet access.
5G technology including camera, MP3 recording, video player, large phone memory, dialing speed,
audio player and much more you never imagine. For children rocking fun Bluetooth technology and
Piconets has become in market.

3.1 The Fifth Generation (5G)-Real Wireless World System

The 5th wireless mobile multimedia internet networks can be completed wireless communication
without limitation, which bring us perfect real world wireless
– World Wide Wireless Web (WWWW). 5G is based on 4G technologies, which is to be revolution to
5G. The 5th wireless mobile internet networks are real wireless world which shall be supported by
LAS-CDMA, OFDM, MCCDMA, UWB, Network- LMDS and IPv6.
Currently 5G is not a term officially used for any particular specification or in any official document
yet made public by telecommunication companies or standardization bodies such as 3GPP, WiMAX
Forum or ITU-R. New 3GPP standard releases beyond 4G and LTE Advanced are in progress, but not
considered as new mobile generations. 5G technology has changed the means to use cell phones within
very high bandwidth. User never experienced ever before such a high value technology. Nowadays
mobile users have much awareness of the cell phone (mobile) technology.
The 5G technologies include all type of advanced features which makes 5G technology most powerful
and in huge demand in near future. The gigantic array of innovative technology being built into new
cell phones is stunning.
5G technology has extraordinary data capabilities and has ability to tie together unrestricted call
volumes and infinite data broadcast within latest mobile operating system. 5G technology has a bright
future because it can handle best technologies and offer priceless handset to their customers. May be in

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coming days 5G technology takes over the world market. The Router and switch technology used in 5G
network providing high connectivity.
The 5G technology distributes internet access to nodes within the building and can be deployed with
union of wired or wireless network connections. A new revolution of 5G technology is about to begin
because 5G technology going to give tough completion to normal computer and laptops whose
marketplace value will be effected. The new coming 5G technology is available in the market in
affordable rates, high peak future and much reliability than its preceding technologies.

3.2 What 5G Technology offers?

5G technology is going to be a new mobile revolution in mobile market. Through 5G technology now
you can use worldwide cellular phones and this technology also strike the china mobile market and a
user being proficient to get access to Germany phone as a local phone. With the coming out of cell
phone alike to PDA now your whole office in your finger tips or in your phone. 5G technology has
extraordinary data capabilities and has ability to tie together unrestricted call volumes and infinite data
broadcast within latest mobile operating system. It can handle best technologies and offer priceless
handset to their customers. 5G Technologies have an extraordinary capability to support Software and
Consultancy. The Router and switch technology used in 5G network providing high connectivity. The
5G technology distributes internet access to nodes within the building and can be deployed with union
of wired or wireless network connections.

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 CHAPTER 4
KEY CONCEPTS AND FEATURES OF 5G TECHNOLOGY

4.1 Key concepts of 5G technology

 Real wireless world with no more limitation with access and zone issues.
 Wearable devices with AI capabilities.
 Internet protocol version 6 (IPv6), where a visiting care-of mobile IP address is assigned
according to location and connected network.
 One unified global standard.
 Pervasive networks providing ubiquitous computing: The user can simultaneously be connected
to several wireless access technologies and seamlessly move between them (See Media
independent handover or vertical handover, IEEE 802.21, also expected to be provided by
future 4G releases). These access technologies can be a 2.5G, 3G, 4G or 5G mobile networks,
Wi- Fi, WPAN or any other future access technology. In 5G, the concept may be further
developed into multiple concurrent data transfer paths.
 Cognitive radio technology, also known as smart-radio: allowing different radio technologies to
share the same spectrum efficiently by adaptively finding unused spectrum and adapting the
transmission scheme to the requirements of the technologies currently sharing the spectrum.
This dynamic radio resource management is achieved in a distributed fashion, and relies on
software defined radio.
 High altitude stratospheric platform station (HAPS) systems.

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4.2 Features of 5G Technology
 5G technology offer high resolution for crazy cell phone user and bi- directional large
bandwidth shaping
 The advanced billing interfaces of 5G technology makes it more attractive and effective.
 5G technology also providing subscriber supervision tools for fast action.
 The high quality services of 5G technology based on Policy to avoid error.
 5G technology is providing large broadcasting of data in Gigabit which supporting almost
65,000 connections.
 5G technology offer transporter class gateway with unparalleled consistency.
 The traffic statistics by 5G technology makes it more accurate.
 Through remote management offered by 5G technology a user can get better and fast solution.
 The remote diagnostics also a great feature of 5G technology.
 The 5G technology is providing up to 25 Mbps connectivity speed.
 The 5G technology also support virtual private network.
 The new 5G technology will take all delivery service out of business prospect
 The uploading and downloading speed of 5G technology touching the peak.
 The 5G technology network offering enhanced and available connectivity just about the world.

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 CHAPTER 5
BASIC ARCHITECTURE OF 5G TECHNOLOGIES

5.1 Ubiquitous Computing

5G would be about "ubiquitous computing", that is, having the ability to access the applications want
from any platform, anywhere, any time. To create such an environment, one needs to integrate various
applications, emerging from various engineering practices. Human life will be surrounded by intelligent
sensors, which will bring radical change to human life’s daily approaches of doing things, as:
 Your intelligent car will send SMS to your cell phone, from your car.
 Your home security camera is attached to secured internet. So that you can view your sitting
room on your laptop/mobile phone screen, by accessing secure website.
 You are receiving regular MMS from your hospital about your medication need and next doctor
appointment.
Key challenges
 Integration of various standards: Each engineering practice has their own standard (F.eks
Telecom has 3GPP, 3GPP2, ITU, IETF, etc). To integrate these various standards, requires
systematic and time consuming approach.
 Common Platform: There is no common architecture for interconnecting various engineering
practices. One common governing body is required, which creates a common platform for all
engineering practices to regularize the interconnectivity issues as well as knowledge sharing.

5.2 Aggregator

Existing telecom networks are fashioned in hierarchical way, where subscriber traffic is aggregated at
aggregation point (BSC/RNC) and then routed to gateways. (As shown in figure).Flat IP architecture
will lessen burden on aggregation point and traffic will directly move from Base station to Media
gateways. Vision of Super Core is based on IP platform. All network operators (GSM, CDMA, Wimax,
and Wireline) can be connected to one Super core with massive capacity. This is realization of single
network infrastructure. The concept of super core will eliminate all interconnecting charges and
complexities, which is right now network operator is facing. It will also reduce number of network
entities in end to end connection, thus reducing latency considerably.

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Key challenges
 High redundancy requirement: Under Super core concept, all network operators will be moving
to single core infrastructure, high redundancy and security among core network entities is
required. A failure of single node will impact huge number of subscribers across various
network operators.
 Transparency among network operators, regarding Subscriber data, churn management, etc.
Government regulatory framework for Super core

5.3 Flatter IP concept

At regular interval, semiconductor manufacturers advance to a new generation with smaller feature
sizes. This allows them to incorporate more functions into a given area of silicon and, hence, more
features or new capabilities into electronic devices like cell phones, Increased processing capacity will
be allow Mobile devices (cell phones, PDAs, etc) to do more tasks (instructions per minute) then
before. This will lead to even the Flatter IP network. As Flat IP has shifted some of the BSC/RNC’s
radio resource functions to Base station, Flatter IP will shift some of the RR functions, to Mobile
devices from Base station. Finally your cell phone will not be just access device but, it will also
perform some of the Radio Resource Management functions.
With the shift to flat IP architectures, mobile operators can
 Reduce the number of network elements in the data path to lower operations costs and capital
expenditure.
 Partially decouple the cost of delivering service from the volume of data transmitted to align
infrastructure capabilities with emerging application requirements.
 Minimize system latency and enable applications with a lower tolerance for delay; upcoming
latency enhancements on the radio link can also be fully realized.
 Evolve radio access and packet core networks independently of each other to a greater extent
than in the past, creating greater flexibility in network planning and deployment.
 Develop a flexible core network that can serve as the basis for service innovation across both
mobile and generic IP access networks.
 Create a platform that will enable mobile broadband operators to be competitive, from a
price/performance perspective, with wired networks.

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 Fig 5.4.1: 5G Architecture- The Nanocore

5.4 5G Architecture – The Nanocore

The 5G Nancore is a convergence of below mention technologies. These technologies have their own
impact on exiting wireless network which makes them in to 5G.
 Nanotechnology.
 Cloud Computing.
 All IP Platform.

Fig 5.4.2: The Nanocore

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5.4.1 Nanotechnology
Nanotechnology is the application of nanoscience to control process on nanometer scale. i.e. between
0.1 and 100nm.The field is also known as molecular nanotechnology(MNT). MNT deals with control
of the structure of matter based on atom-by-atom and molecule by molecule engineering. The term
nanotechnology was introduced by Nori Taniguchi in 1974 at the Tokyo international conference on
production engineering. Nanotechnology is the next industrial revolution, and the telecommunications
industry will be radically transformed by it in a few years. Nanotechnology has shown its impact on
both mobile as well as the core network. Apart from this it has its own impact on sensor as well as
security. This is considered as a most significant in telecommunication.

5.4.2 Nano Equipment (NE)

Mobile phone has become more than a communication device in modern world it has turned into an
identity of an individual. In 5G Nanocore these mobile are referred as NanoEquipment as they are
geared up with nanotechnology. One of the central visions of the wireless industry aims at ambient
intelligence: computation and communication always available and ready to serve the user in an
intelligent way. This requires that the devices are mobile. Mobile devices together with the intelligence
that will be embedded in human environments – home, office, public places – will create a new
platform that enables ubiquitous sensing, computing, and communication Specs of NanoEquipments
given as follow:
 Self Cleaning – the phone cleans by itself
 Self powered – the phone derives its energy/power from the sun, water, or air.
 Sense the environment – the phone will tell you the weather, the amount of air pollution present,
etc.
 Flexible – bend but not break
 Transparent – “see through” phones

5.4.3 Cloud Computing
Cloud computing is a technology that uses the internet and central remote server to maintain data and
applications. In 5G network this central remote server will be our content provide. Cloud computing
allows consumers and business to use applications without installation and access their personal files at
any computer with internet access. The same concept is going to be used in Nanocore where the user
tries to access his private account form a global content provider through Nanocore in form of cloud.
The development of cloud computing provides operators with tremendous opportunities. Since cloud

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computing relies on the networks, it shows the significance of networks and promotes network
development. It also requires secure and reliable service providers, capabilities that operators have deep
expertise in. Operators can enter the cloud computing market and create new value-added services and
experiences by integrating industry content and applications in the digital supermarket model. This
could make our user to obtain much more real-time application to utilize his 5G network efficiently.
Secure and reliable service can be provided with the help of quantum cryptography. Cloud computing
customer avoids capital expenditure for the Nanocore thereby also reducing the cost of purchasing
physical infrastructure by renting the usage from a third party Provider(Content Provider). The
Nanocore devours the resources and pay for what it uses. Segments of Cloud Computing: Cloud
computing has three main segments which are as follows:
 Applications – It is based on, on demand software services. On demand software services come
in different varieties. They vary in their pricing scheme and how the software is delivered to the
end users. In the past, the end-user would purchase a server that can be accessed by the end user
over the internet.
 Platform - The platform segment of cloud computing refers to products that are used to deploy
internet. Net Suite, Amazon, Google, and Microsoft have also developed platforms that allow
users to access applications from centralized servers. Google, Net Suite, Rack space cloud,
amazon.com and sales force are some of the active
 Infrastructure – The third segment in cloud computing, known as the infrastructure, is the
backbone of the entire concept. Infrastructure vendorsG environments such as Google gears
allow users to build applications. Cloud storage, such as Amazon’s S3, is also considered to be
part of the infrastructure segment.
5G Nanocore will efficiently utilizes all the above 3 segments to satisfy his customer demands. The
concept of cloud computing will reduce the CAPEX of 5G network deployment.Inturn this will create a
less billing to the end user for all kinds of services that he utilizes through Nanocore.

Fig 5.4.3.1: Cloud computing

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5.4.4 All IP Network
Last but not the least. As already discussed for converging different technologies to form a single 5G
Nanocore. We require a common platform to interact. Flat IP architecture act as an essential part of 5G
network. The All-IP Network (AIPN) is an evolution of the 3GPP system to meet the increasing
demands of the mobile telecommunications market. To meets customer demand for real-time data
applications delivered over mobile broadband networks, wireless operators are turning to flat IP
network architectures. Primarily focused upon enhancements of packet switched technology, AIPN
provides a continued evolution and optimization of the system concept in order to provide a
competitive edge in terms of both performance and cost. The key benefits of flat IP architectures are:
 lower costs
 universal seamless access
 improved user experience
 reduced system latency
 decoupled radio access and core network evolution
The drive to all IP-based services is placing stringent performance demands on IP- based equipment
and devices, which in turn is growing demand for multicore technology. There is strong growing
demand for advanced telecommunications services on wired and wireless Next Generation Network
(NGN) infrastructures, and fast growing demand for the same in the enterprise too. Within a few years,
more than 10 billion fixed and mobile devices will be connected via the Internet to add to the more than
one billion already connected. All these services are going to be deployed over full IP-based
architecture.

Fig 5.4.4.1: All IP Network

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 CHAPTER 6
DESIGN OF 5G MOBILE NETWORK ARCHITECTURE

Figure shows the system model that proposes design of network architecture for 5G mobile systems,
which is all-IP based model for wireless and mobile networks interoperability. The system consists of a
user terminal (which has a crucial role in the new architecture) and a number of independent,
autonomous radio access technologies. Within each of the terminals, each of the radio access
technologies is seen as the IP link to the outside Internet world. However, there should be different
radio interface for each Radio Access Technology (RAT) in the mobile terminal. For an example, if
want to have access to four different RATs, need to have four different access - specific interfaces in
the mobile terminal, and to have all of them active at the same time, with aim to have this architecture
to be functional.

Fig 6.1.1: Functional Architecture for 5G Mobile Networks

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 CHAPTER 7
HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE OF 5G

7.1 5G Hardware
 UWB Networks: Higher bandwidth at low energy levels. This short-range radio technology is
ideal for wireless personal area networks (WPANs). UWB complements existing longer range
radio technologies – such as Wi-Fi, WiMAX, and cellular wide area communications – that
bring in data and communications from the outside world.
 Bandwidth: 4000 megabits per second, which is 400 times faster than today’s wireless
networks.
 Smart antennas.
 Switched Beam Antennas: Switched Beam Antennas support radio positioning via
Angle of Arrival (AOA) information collected from nearby devices.
 Adaptive Array Antennas: The use of adaptive antenna arrays is one area that shows
promise for improving capacity of wireless systems and providing improved safety
through position location capabilities.
 Multiplexing: CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) employs analog-to- digital conversion
(ADC) in combination with spread spectrum technology. Audio input is first digitized into
binary elements. The frequency of the transmitted signal is then made to vary according to a
defined pattern (code), so it can be intercepted only by a receiver whose frequency response is
programmed with the same code, so it follows exactly along with the transmitter frequency.
7.2 5G Software
 5G will be single unified standard of different wireless networks, including wireless
technologies (e.g. IEEE 802.11), LAN/WAN/ PAN and WWWW, unified IP and seamless
combination of broad band.
 Software Defined Radio, Packet layer, implementation of packets, encryption, flexibility etc.

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 CHAPTER 8
CONCLUSION AND FUTURE ENHANCEMENT

8.1 Conclusion
While the future is becoming more difficult to predict with each passing year, we should expect an
accelerating pace of technological change. 5G is not a term officially used for any particular
specification or in any official document yet made public by telecommunication companies or
standardization bodies such as 3GPP, WiMAX Forum, or ITU-R. We conclude that nanotechnology,
Cloud computing, All IP are the next great technology wave. We hope that this Paper helps to promote
stronger links between people working in different fields creating future concepts of mobile
communication, Internet services, Cloud computing, All IP network, and Nanotechnologies. We
conclude that it is a great time to invest in startups. Nowadays mobile users have much awareness of
the cell phone (mobile) technology. The 5G technologies include all type of advanced features which
makes 5G mobile technology most powerful and in huge demand in near future.
A new revolution of 5G technology is about to begin because 5G technology going to give tough
completion to normal computer and laptops whose marketplace value will be effected. There are lots of
improvements from 1G, 2G, 3G, and 4G to 5G in the world of telecommunications. The new coming
5G technology is available in the market in affordable rates, high peak future and much reliability than
its preceding technologies.

8.2 Future enhancement

5G network technology will open a new era in mobile communication technology. The 5G mobile
phones will have access to different wireless technologies at the same time and the terminal should be
able to combine different flows from different technologies. 5G technology offer high resolution for
crazy cell phone user. We can watch TV channels at HD clarity in our mobile phones without any
interruption. The 5G mobile phones will be a tablet PC. Many mobile embedded technologies will
evolve.

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REFERENCES

1. Suvarna Patil, Vipin Patil, Pallavi Bhat, “A Review on 5G Technology”, International Journal
of Engineering and Innovative Technology (IJEIT) Volume 1, Issue 1,January 2012.
2. Akhilesh Kumar Pachauri and Ompal Singh, “ 5G Technology – Redefining wireless
Communication in upcoming years”, Vol 1, Issue 1, Aug 2012.
3. Aman Aryaputra, Bhuvaneshwari.N, “5G- The Future of Mobile Network”, Proceedings of the
World Congress on Engineering and Computer Science 2011 Vol II WCECS 2011, October 19-
21, 2011, San Francisco, USA
4. Sapana Singh, Pratap Singh, “Key Concepts and Network Architecture for 5G Mobile
Technology”, International Journal of Scientific Research Engineering & Technology
(IJSRET), Volume 1, Issue 5, pp 165-170, August 2012.
5. Toni Janevski , “5G Mobile Phone Concept" , Consumer Communications and Networking
Conference, 2009 6th IEEE.

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