LINGUA E TRADUZIONE INGLESE

Prof.ssa Diana Agnese Pallotta

08/10/2020
- Modalità dell’esame

L’esame sarà una prova scritta in inglese di 90 minuti. Il tempo a disposizione sarà sufficiente, è probabile
che non ci saranno grandi difficoltà seguendo il corso. Per L-10 ci sono tre parti: Grammar part, Reading and
Comprehension, e un breve esercizio di Writing. Non è consentito durante l’esame l’uso di dizionario,
appunti o WA.

 Questions you make the first time you meet someone.

 What’s your name?
 Where are you from?
 How are you?
 What do you do for a living?
 How old are you?

These are the question words “Wh”. We have also “when” and “why”.

 Where do you live?

 When did you arrive?
 When did you start your university?
 Why did you choose your university?

Wh - Question word + “did/do/does” + subject + verb + the rest of the sentence

Wh - Question word + “to be” + subject + (verb) + the rest of the sentence

- Questions with do/did

 Do you like the city you live in?
 Do you live in Ancona?
 Did you attend the English lesson?

“Do/Did” + subject + verb + rest of the sentence

- Questions with is/are/was/were

 Are you from Spain?
 Is that your car?

“Was/were/is/are” + subject + verb + the rest of the sentence

- Questions with has/have/had

 Have you got a pet?

“Had/Have/Has” + subject + verb + the rest of the sentence

- Esercizio

2. Do you like your name?

3. How did you get your name?

4. What are your interests?

5. What kind of personality do you have?

6. What is your ideal job?

- Test
 “Parentes” è un falso amico, molto simile all’italiano ma ha significato diverso, vuol dire “genitori”;
 “Having a long lasting” -> “Dura a lungo nel tempo”;
- Esercizio

2. Do

3. What

4. How

5. What

- Conversation

S: correct

B: correct

S: is

B: Do

S: does it

B: correct

S: Have

B: correct - “long way away” = “lontanissimo”

S: So who gave you

B: So do I! - “Actually” falso amico, significa “A dire il vero/A dir ala verità/In realtà”

S: Have you have had

B: correct

S: Do people find

B: correct

- PRESENT SIMPLE
 Permanent situation - My name is Chiara
 Habits and routines - I usually wake up at 7 o’clock
 Facts that don’t change - We all get old
 Scientific and other facts - Water boils at 100°C
 Actions or situations that are always or generally true - The trains are always late

to walk

I, you walk
He/She/It walks - 3° person singular

We, you, they walk

I, you don’t (do not) walk

He/She/It doesn’t (does not) walk

We, you, they don’t (do not) walk

Do I, you, we, you, they walk?

Does he/she/it walk?

- PRESENT CONTINOUS
 Temporary situations - Sarah is having breakfast
 Current activity, in progress now (right nor OR now, but not at this exact moment) - Sarah’s eating
coffee and a brioche
 Developments and trends - The weather is getting worse

Verb “to be” + verb with “-ing” form

I am walking

You are walking

He/She walking

We are walking

You are walking

They are walking

** Remember that the time adverb often controls the tense

- Present simple
Always, often, usually, sometimes, occasionally, rarely, never - They usually come between the
subject and the verb.
Every day/week/month/year; daily/weekly/monthy; once a day/four times a week; from time to
time/most of the time;
- Present continuous
Now, at the moment, these days, currently, at present, right now, this week/month/year;
- Esercizio

2. I’m ALWAYS happy to go to the cinema with friends.

3. I don’t OFTEN watch films on my tablet because the screen is too small.

4. I’m FREQUENTLY surprised when people say they don’t enjoy sport.

{…}

- DESCRIBING PEOPLE
  The place you live in, the city
 The school/university you attend
 Age
 Activities, sport, groups
 Relationships, family
 Physical charateristics, personality traits

Adjectives: shy, extrovert/outgoing, kind, selfish, narrow-minded, self-confident, laid-back/easy-going,

brave, etc.

- Activity - Describe a famous person

MERYL STREEP

She is a famous actress. She was born in New Jersey, USA, in 1949. Now she is 71. She has blonde hair and
blue eyes. During her career she won 21 Oscar Prizes. She played in films like “Mamma Mia!”, “The devil
wears Prada”, “Out of Africa”, etc.

Famous actress

American

71 years old

Talented - 21 Oscar Prizes

12/10/2020
SECOND CHAPTER - THE BUSINESS OF FOOD

“foodie” = “buongustaio”

- Exercise 1

Quite yes; yes; not really; Meh, Sometimes; No; Yes; Not always; No; No.

1-3 You eat for survive but that’s all.

- Food collocations - Exercise 1

1. Food from East side of the world.

3. “mild” = “non troppo piccante”; “sour” = “agro/aspro”

- Exercise 2

“sorrel” = “acetosella”

“dough” = “impasto”

- Exercise 4

“chips” = “patatine fritte” in G; “patatine PAI” in USA, otherwise we have “French fries”;

- Exercise 5

1F; 2D; 3A; 4H; 5C; 6B; 7E; 8G

Possiamo usare “raw” anche per descrivere una ferita che non si è ancora chiusa bene.
 - Multiple choice, long text - Exercise 1

“mouth-watering” = “acquolina in bocca”;

“garage” = “officina (per la macchina)”;

“dull” = “dare noia/noioso”;

- Exercise 2

1D; 2A; 3B; 4C; 5D;

- THE GIFT OF THE MAGI, O’Henry

- Exercise 1

A stuffed animal of a snail

(1) Not expensive

(2) Very meaningful

(3) My father brought me from a trip. It’s the only stuffed animal I really appreciated when I was a child,
because I didn’t and I don’t like them. And today I still love it, I sleep with it sometimes, when I am a bit
upset.

- Exercise 3

“comb” = “pettine”

“pitcher” = “brocca”; “tiratore di palla a baseball”

“electric bell” = “campanello”

19/10/2020
Grammar Book, page 26.

MIND YOUR MANNERS

“manner” = “comportamento”

Text - “Why it’s so hard to be nice in the twenty-first century”

Exercise - “Where do you draw the line?” = “the line” inteso come “il confine”

2. “road-rage” = “rabbia della strada”

Vocabulary - Exercise 1

1. “lasagne” = one italian “lasangna” -> Satisfied

2. Amused

3. Excited

4. Annoyed

5. Embarassed

6. Disgusted

Exercise 4
-ing after some verbs such as mind, enjoy, keep.

The infinitive after some verbs such as expect, learn, can’t wait.

-ing when the verb is the subject or object of a sentence.

-ing after a preposition.

The infinitive after ad adjective.

Exercise 5 - Page 28

“arrange” + infinitive form

“broke up” = “lasciarsi”

“be happy” + infinitive form

“That made my day” = “Apice della mia giornata/Ciliegina sulla torta”

“remember” + -ing form

Exercises - Page 31

Exercise 4

A. Must

B. Have to

C. Don’t have to

D. Mustn’t

E. Should/Shouldn’t

“make someone do something” -> Forzare a fare qualcosa/Costringere

“let someone do something” -> Lasciare fare

Exercise 5

“a load of” -> “tanto”

“to give in” = “arrendersi”

“to give up” = “smettere”

Exercise 3 - Phrasal Verbs

A. “Continue” -> “Go on”; “Keep going on”

B. “Give something to a boss or teacher” -> “Give in”; “Hand in”

C. “Remove dirt and put things in their correct place” -> “Clear up”

D. “Find information (in a book or on a computer)” -> “Look up”

E. “Stop trying to do something” -> “Give up”

F. “Make the volume louder” -> “Turn up”

G. “Have a friendly relationship with” -> “Get on”

H. “Make somebody or something move more quickly” -> “Hurry up”

I. “Be responsible for” -> “Look after”

J. “Spend time with” -> “Hang out”

Exercise - Page 33

(1) most

(2) However - “Although” is used when we have two sentences

(3) it - “What” is used as “although” in the past sentence

(4) Every

(5) which

(6) for - Preposition for “reason”

(7) after

(8) Despite + -ing form

(9) your

(10) not

(11) It/This/That/-ing form of the verb

(12) during

“Turn on/Switch” -> “Accendere”

“Hang up” -> “Chiudere la chiamata”

“Pick up” -> “Rispondere”

“Call back” -> “Richiamare”

“Carry on” -> “Continuare”

“Switch off” -> “Spegnere”

“Give up” -> “Cedere”

“Take out” -> “Portare fuori/Tirar fuori”

“Go for” -> “Non perseguire/Non andarsela a cercare”

9. What’s the definition of a “meaningful gift”? Why do you think this story is particularly touching at
Christmas?

9. A meaningful gift is something which is not necessarly expensive, but it’s made from the heart. It has to
answer to the needs of the person who recives it. A meaningful gift makes both the giver and the receiver
feel satisfied.

The story is particularly touching at Christmas because both the characters renounce to their own
possessions in order to make the other person happy. So the story is near to the Christmas tradition
because both the characters make gifts which appear similar to the ones of the Magis. These gifts are
treasures because they are the only and most important possessions they have.

22/10/2020
Exercises 3-4

(1) Half

(2) 10

(30) 2.5 or 2 and an half

(4) 20

(5) 80

Exercise 4.1

- “I used to”

“I used to” is a form used to talk about habits we had in the past. They are not currently in going: so they
are states that don’t occur now or no longer exists.

“I used to + infinitive form”

“I didn’t use to + infinitive form”

Also the new form “I didn’t used to” is now accettable.

Exercises 3-4-5

1. Past

2. Past

3. Past - “loose clothes” -> Baggy clothes, not skinny

4. Now

5. Both Past and Now

6. Both

- “Taking photos is damaging your memory”

“Collocations” -> Words which usually appear together.

Noun (1) ability

Verb + out (2) carried

Verb (3) led (Because of the collocation - “led” as “guidare/stare a capo di qualcosa”, but also showing
something)

Noun (4) memory

Noun/adjective (5) compared

Verb (6) pay

“However” -> Contrast

“Also” -> Add information

“As well as” -> Add information

“Although” -> Contrast

“Despite” -> Contrast

- Past simple and present perfect

PAST SIMPLE

We use the past simple to talk about

 An action that started and finished in the past. We are talking about a specific past time.
 A situation in the past.

+ I/You/He/She/It/We/They arrived early

- I/You/He/She/It/We/They didn’t arrive early

? Did I/You/He/She/It/We/They arrive early?

PRESENT PERFECT

We use the present perfect to talk about

 An action that started and finished in the past but the time is unknown, unimportant or very
recent. We are usually talking about an action that happened at some time in our lives.
 An action hat started in the past but it is not finished and is continuing now. We usually for - it
describes the length of the action - and since - it describes the starting point of the action -.
 Repeated actions that have continued from a past time to the present time. There are many forms
which request the present perfect.
 Past actions with ever, never, already, yet, just. We use ever and never to talk about ‘at any time in
your life’.
We usually use ever in questions. We use never to make a statement negative. Both of them come
before the main verb.
We use already to talk about an action that happened sooner than expected. It comes before the
main verb.
We use yet to talk about an action that we expect to happen. It is usually used in questions and
negative sentences and comes at the end of the sentence.
We use just to talk about an action that happened a short time ago. It comes before the main verb.

+ I/You/He/She/It/We/They have/has spoken to him.

- I/You/He/She/It/We/They have/has not spoken to him.

? Have/Has I/You/He/She/It/We/They spoken to him?

(1) have gained

(2) gave out

(3) have given up

(4) hung out

(5) have rented

(6) hurried - “as soon as” -> “appena che”

(7) has never managed

(8) have joined

- Expressions

FOR - a few days; ages; a long time; months; three hours; two minutes.

SINCE - February; I was a child; last year; my birthday; this morning; yesterday.