Engineering Mathematics-I

Instructor: Dr. Saadia Mumtaz

Semester: 1st
Learning Outcomes:
Upon successful completion of the course, the student will be able
to
1. Formulate derivatives and anti-derivatives of different
functions and apply the techniques of integration to solve
engineering problems.
2. Transform raw data into useful statistics to compute central
tendencies and dispersions.
 Course Contents
Unit-I: Differential Calculus
1.1 Introduction and motivations: A review of differentiation.
1.2 Higher Derivatives, Total differential, The Product and Quotient Rules,
Composite functions and chain rule, Implicit differentiation, Partial
derivatives
1.3 Applications of Derivatives
1.3.1 Tangent and Normal
1.3.2 Increasing and decreasing functions, Maxima and minima of a function
of one variable
1.3.3 Asymptotes and Concavity
1.3.4 Applied Optimization
1.4 Applying optimization in chemical processes
Unit-II: Integral Calculus
2.1 Different Techniques of Integration, Definite integral and its
properties
2.2 Fundamental theorem of Integral Calculus
2.3 Applications of Integration
2.3.1 Area of cross-section, Arc length
2.3.2 Volume of a solid, Volume of a solid of revolution, Volumes by
cylindrical shells, Area of surface of revolution
2.3.3 Fluid Pressure and Force
2.4 Use of Integration techniques in chemical engineering
Recommended Books:

1. Thomas, G.B. Jr, Finney, R.L. and Weir, M.D. (2014), “Calculus and
Analytical Geometry”, 13th Ed., Pearson Education.
2. Anton, B.D., (2015), “Calculus”, 10th Ed., John Willey & Sons.
3. Kreyszig, E. (2011), “Advanced Engineering Mathematics” 10th Ed., John
Willey & Sons.
4. Apostol, T.M., (2008), “Calculus Vol-I & II”, 2nd Ed., John Wiley & Sons.
• Teaching-learning Strategies
The teaching and learning strategy has been designed
on the understanding of concepts and the ability to
critically analyze and apply the learned content
through lectures, discussion, case studies using
computer, multi-media and online instructional aids
etc.

Lectures: 2 hours per week for 14-16 weeks

• Assessment and Examinations:
Sr. No. Elements Weightage Details

1.
Midterm 35% It takes place at the mid-time of the
Assessmen semester.
t
2.
Formative 25% It is continuous assessment. It
Assessmen includes: classroom participation,
t attendance, assignments and
presentations, homework, attitude
and behavior, hands-on-activities,
short tests, quizzes etc.
3.
Final 40% It takes place at the end of the
Assessmen semester. It is mostly in the form of a
t test, but owing to the nature of the
course the teacher may assess their
students based on term paper.
• Assignments:
Design specific case studies to evaluate critical
understanding of the module content. A minimum of
two assignments to be submitted before the written
exams for each terms.
 Part-I
CALCULUS
___________________
• Calculus is the mathematical study of continuous
change.
The word calculus (plural calculi) is a Latin word, meaning
originally "small pebble" (this meaning is kept in medicine).
Because such pebbles were used for calculation, the meaning of the
word has evolved and today usually means a method of
computation.

It has widespread uses in science, engineering, and economics.

Two major branches:
1. Differential Calculus
which concerns instantaneous rates of change, and the slopes of curves.
2. Integral Calculus
concerns accumulation of quantities, and areas under or between
curves.

These two branches are related to each other by the fundamental

theorem of calculus, and they make use of the fundamental notions of
convergence of infinite sequences and infinite series to a well-defined
limit.
Discovery of the fundamental principles of calculus
was made independently by Isaac Newton (English) and
Gottfried Leibniz (German) in the late 17th century.
The work of Newton and Leibniz was motivated by four
major classes of scientific and mathematical problems of
the time:
• Find the tangent line to a general curve at a given point.
• Find the area of a general region, the length of a general
curve, and the volume of a general solid.
• Find the maximum or minimum value of a quantity—for
example, the maximum and minimum distances of a planet
from the Sun, or the maximum range attainable for a projectile
by varying its angle of fire.

• Given a formula for the distance traveled by a body in any

specified amount of time, find the velocity and acceleration
of the body at any instant. Conversely, given a formula that
specifies the acceleration of velocity at any instant, find the
distance traveled by the body in a specified period of time.
 Unit-I
DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS
___________________
 Derivative of a Function

Alternatively
Calculating Derivative from the Definition
Derivative at a Point
Slope of the Tangent Line
 Slope of the Tangent Line

Graphically:

The slope of tangent line

at point P is
Slope of the Tangent Line
Exercise
 Differentiation Rules

The derivative of every constant function is zero.

This rule is another way to say that the values

of constant functions never change and the
slope of a horizontal line is always zero at
every point.
 Differentiation Rules

Applying the power rule means

Subtract 1 from the exponent and multiply the result by the
original exponent.
Differentiation Rules
Differentiation Rules
Differentiation Rules
Differentiation Rules
Differentiation Rules
Second & Higher Derivatives
Second & Higher Derivatives
Derivatives of Trigonometric Functions
Derivatives of Trigonometric Functions
Derivatives of Trigonometric Functions
Derivatives of Trigonometric Functions
The Chain Rule
The Chain Rule
The Chain Rule
Implicit Differentiation
Implicit Differentiation
Implicit Differentiation
Derivatives of Logarithmic Functions
Derivatives of Logarithmic Functions
Derivatives of Logarithmic Functions
Derivatives of Exponential Functions
Derivatives of Exponential Functions
Derivatives of Inverse Trigonometric
Functions
Derivatives of Inverse Trigonometric
Functions
 Exercise
Differentiate the following.
Exercise
Exercise
Applications of Differential Calculus
___________________
Tangents and Normal Lines
Tangents and Normal Lines
Tangents and Normal Lines
Tangents and Normal Lines
Tangents and Normal Lines
Tangents and Normal Lines
Tangents and Normal Lines
 Exercise
Verify that the given point is on the curve and find the
lines that are (a) tangent and (b) normal to the curve at the
given point.
Increasing and Decreasing Functions
 Increasing and Decreasing Functions

 The terms increasing, decreasing, and constant are used to describe

the behavior of a function as we travel left to right along its graph.
 Monotonic Functions and 1st Derivative Test

 A function that is increasing or decreasing on an interval is said to

be monotonic on the interval.

 Let f be a function that is continuous on a closed interval [a, b] and

differentiable on the open interval (a, b).
 Monotonic Functions and 1st Derivative Test
Definition:
 An interior point of the domain of a function ƒ where ƒ’ is zero
or undefined is a critical point of ƒ.
Example:
Find the critical points of and identify the open
intervals on which ƒ is increasing and on which ƒ is decreasing.
Solution:
The function ƒ is everywhere continuous and differentiable. The first
derivative
 Monotonic Functions and 1st Derivative Test
These critical points subdivide the domain of ƒ to create non
overlapping open intervals (-infinity, -2), (-2, 2), and (2, infinity) on
which ƒ’ is either positive or negative. We determine the sign of ƒ’ by
evaluating ƒ’ at a convenient point in each subinterval.
Monotonic Functions and 1st Derivative Test
 Monotonic Functions and 1st Derivative Test

Solution:
Monotonic Functions and 1st Derivative Test
Exercise
Concavity
Concavity
Point of Inflection
Absolute Extrema
Absolute Extrema
Absolute Extrema
Absolute Extrema
Absolute Extrema
Absolute Extrema
Absolute Extrema
Absolute Extrema
Absolute Extrema
Absolute Extrema
Absolute Extrema
 Exercise
Find the absolute maximum and minimum values of f, if any, on the
given interval.
Relative (Local) Extrema
 Relative Extrema
A function f has a relative extremum at those critical points where f‘
changes sign.
Relative Extrema
Relative Extrema
Relative Extrema
 Exercise
Use the given derivative to find all critical points of f , and at each critical
point determine whether a relative maximum, relative minimum, or neither
occurs. Assume in each case that f is continuous everywhere.

Find the relative extrema using both first and second derivative tests.
 Integration
___________________
Integration
Integration
Integration
Integration
Integration
Integration
Integration
Integration
Integration
Integration
Integration
 Exercise
Book: Thomas & Finny (Ex. 8.1)
Integration
Integration
Integration
Integration
Integration
Integration
Integration
 Integration

Application of Definite integral includes

“ area of the region under the curve”
Integration
Integration
Integration
Integration
Exercise
Applications of Integration
___________________
 Integration
Area under the Curve:
 Integration
Example#1:
Find area of the region between the x-axis and the graph of
Integration
Exercise
 Integration
Definite Integrals of Symmetric Functions:
 Integration
Example#2:
 Integration
Areas Between Curves:
Integration
Integration
Integration
Integration
Integration
Integration
Integration
Integration
Integration
 Integration
Arc Length:
Integration
Integration
Integration
Integration
Integration
Integration
Integration
Integration
Integration
Integration
 Integration
Find Arc Lengths of the following curves.
 Integration
Areas of Surfaces of Revolution:
Integration
Integration
Integration
Integration
Integration
Integration
Integration
Integration
Integration
Integration
Integration
Integration
Integration
Integration
Integration
Integration