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Investigation 1 in Unit 8 of the Algebra 2 curriculum has already been covered in Unit 8 of
Integrated Mathematics. Therefore this Unit will begin with Investigation 2.
In Investigation 3, students are asked to compare and contrast linear and nonlinear functions in
terms of growth. They will learn that for linear functions, the first difference is constant; for
quadratic functions, the second difference is constant; and for exponential functions, the ratio of
successive terms is constant. Students will also investigate the absolute value function as well as
piecewise and step functions. Again, the emphasis is on the contexts in which these types of
functions would arise. Finally, students will look at even and odd symmetry in functions,
anticipating the polynomial and trigonometric functions they will study later in Algebra 2.
Investigation 4 asks students to construct new functions from old functions. They will
distinguish between “inside” changes, those applied to the independent variable; and “outside”
changes, those applied to the dependent variable. Students will apply their understanding of
inside and outside changes to functions to investigate the effects of the transformations f(x) + k,
f(x + k), and kf(x) for a constant k. Students will also learn how to decompose functions so that
they might think of complex functions as a “parent” function with one or more transformations
applied to it. Finally, they will investigate transformations and the algebra of functions in the
context of climate change and greenhouse gas emissions.
A particular example of inverse functions that are widely used are the root functions, especially
3
√𝑥 and √𝑥. In Investigation 7, students will study these functions using their knowledge of
them as inverses of the functions x2 and x3 respectively. The ideas of root functions will be
applied to the field of music. The standard way to tune music is to define the frequency of A
above middle C as 440 Hz. Since one octave represents a doubling of the Hz, the A one octave
higher is 880 Hz. There are 12 half-steps between these two notes, which means that every half-
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step between the two can be reached by a factor of 212 . This represents a very natural context for
12th roots.
Essential questions
What is a function?
What are the different ways in which functions may be represented?
How do we find an optimal solution to a linear programming problem?
What is the meaning of the domain and range of a function?
What is a family of functions?
How do different families of functions grow?
What is the effect of a transformation of an independent variable? What is the effect of a
transformation of a dependent variable?
(+) What does it mean to compose two functions?
What is the inverse of a function?
How can functions be used to model real world situations, make predictions, and solve
problems?
Enduring Understandings
A function is a special kind of relation where each member of the domain of the function
is associated with exactly one member of the range of the function.
We can study a very wide range of phenomena by starting with a very small group of
“parent” functions and applying transformations to those functions.
Unit Understandings
Functions are a mathematical way to describe relationships between two quantities that
vary.
An essential characteristic of families of functions is the way in which they grow.
Transformations of functions of the forms f(x) + k and f(x + k) have the effect of shifting
functions up or down (in the case of f(x) + k), or left or right (in the case of f(x + k)).
Transformations of functions of the forms kf(x) and f(kx) have the effect of stretching or
compressing functions horizontally (in the case of f(kx)) or vertically (in the case of
kf(x)).
When it exists, an inverse of a function “undoes” what a function “does.” If we start with
a value of the domain of a function, apply the function, then apply the inverse function,
we should obtain the original value.
Graphically solving a linear system of inequalities in two variables can be used to assist
in finding the solution of a Linear Programming problem.
A graphical solution of Linear Programming can be used to identify optimal solutions to
practical problems in two linear variables.
Unit Contents
Investigation 2: Relations and Functions (2 days)
Investigation 3: Types of Functions (4 days)
Investigation 4: Building New Functions From Old (5 days)
Investigation 5 (+): Composition of Functions (3 days)
Investigation 6: Inverse Functions (3 - 4 days)
Investigation 7: Root Functions (2 days)
Mid-Unit Test (1 day)*
Performance task (1 day)
Review of unit (1 day)
End of unit assessment (1 day)
*See Mid-Unit Answer Key for teacher notes regarding problems to select
6. Attend to precision.
7. Look for and make use of structure.
8. Look for and express regularity in repeated reasoning.
the graphs. Experiment with cases and illustrate an explanation of the effects on
the graph using technology. Include recognizing even and odd functions from
their graphs and algebraic expressions for them.
F.BF.4 Find inverse functions.
F.BF.4a Solve an equation of the form f(x) = c for a simple function f that has an inverse
and write an expression for the inverse. For example, f(x) = 2(x3) for x > 0 or f(x)
= (x + 1)/(x – 1) for x ≠ 1 (x not equal to 1).
F.BF.4b (+) Verify by composition that one function is the inverse of another.
F.BF.4c (+) Read values of an inverse function from a graph or a table, given that the graph
has an inverse.
Assessment strategies
Performance Task
Students start with the outline of a corporate logo and reproduce it using functions.
Vocabulary