VIET NAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY - HCMC

HO CHI MINH CITY UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY

FALCUTY OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICS OF

MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES

ASSIGNMENT 1
ADVANCED FINITE ELEMENT METHOD

INSTRUCTOR : NGUYEN THAI BINH, PhD

STUDENT : NGUYEN THIEN PHU
ID : 2070516

Ho Chi Minh City, November 19th , 2021

AS1: Advanced Finite Element Method Instructor: Nguyen Thai Binh, PhD

LIST OF CONTENTS
PART 1. QUESTIONS..............................................................................................2

1.1. QUESTIONS....................................................................................................2

1.2. CALCULATION PARAMETERS ..................................................................3

PART 2. EXERCISE ................................................................................................4

2.1. Question 1: Write the expression of the total potential energy of the beam in
terms of w(x) and its derivatives (if any) ................................................................4

2.2. Question 2: From Q.1, obtain the Euler-Lagrange equation and the
corresponding boundary conditions. Also indicate the types of boundary
conditions. ...............................................................................................................5

2.3. Question 3: Find the approximate solution by Rayleight-Ritz Method and

weighted residual method with Galerkin equation. ................................................6

2.3.1. Reyleight-Ritz Method ..............................................................................6

2.3.2. The Weighted Residual Method .............................................................10

2.3.3. Analytical solution ..................................................................................19

2.3.4. Comparing solutions ...............................................................................20

2.4. Question 4: Finite Element Method solutions for a typical 2-node simple beam
element using the weak form of Galerkin’s equation. ..........................................26

2.4.1. Obtain the FEM solutions by using 2 and 4 elements. Give comments on
the accuracy .......................................................................................................30

Student: Nguyen Thien Phu – ID: 2070516 i

AS1: Advanced Finite Element Method Instructor: Nguyen Thai Binh, PhD

PART 1. QUESTIONS
1.1. QUESTIONS

The beam shown in the Figure 1 has a fixed support at the left and a roller support at
the right, under a general distributed load q(x) and a concentrated force P0 at mid
span. Let w(x) denote the deflection of the beam. Ignore the weight of the beam.
1. Write the expression of the total potential energy of the beam in terms of w(x)
and its derivatives (if any)
2. From Q.1, obtain the Euler-Lagrange equation and the corresponding boundary
conditions. Also indicate the types of boundary conditions.
3. Let the beam has the rectangular cross section b×h, EI(x) = EI = constant, q(x)
= q0x/L and P0 = aq0L. Find the approximate solution for the deflection in the
form of
M
m x
w( x)   am N m với Nm  sin
m 1 L
By using the following methods:

a) The Rayleigh-Ritz method.

b) The weighted residual method (subdomain collocation; Galerkin’s equation).

4. Derive the finite element equation for a typical 2-node simple beam element
(Figure 2) for the problem defined in Q.3 by using the weak form of Galerkin’s
equation. The obtain the FEM solutions by using 2 and 4 element. Give your
comments on the accuracy of the FEM solutions.

Student: Nguyen Thien Phu – ID: 2070516 Page 2

AS1: Advanced Finite Element Method Instructor: Nguyen Thai Binh, PhD

1.2. CALCULATION PARAMETERS

Your ID: 2070516

Parameters Value Unit
a 10 -
b 5 -
c 1 -
d 6 -
b =10.b 50 mm
h =20.b 100 mm
q0 1 kN/m
L 3000 mm
E 200 GPa
v 0.3 -
P0 = aq0L 30 kN

Student: Nguyen Thien Phu – ID: 2070516 Page 3

AS1: Advanced Finite Element Method Instructor: Nguyen Thai Binh, PhD

PART 2. EXERCISE
2.1. Question 1: Write the expression of the total potential energy of the beam
in terms of w(x) and its derivatives (if any)

Potential energy of the applied loads q(x) and P0

L

 P0 w  L 2 
W  W1  W2   q( x)w( x)dx   (2.1)
0

Where:
L
W2  P0 w  L 2    P0 w  L 2  (2.2)
0

Replace (2.2) into (2.1):

L L
W   q( x)w( x)dx   P0 w  L 2  (2.3)
0 0

Strain energy U:

1
2 V
U  x x dV (2.4)

Where:

 d 2w x d 2w

 x   Ey   x    y
dx 2 E dx 2
 (2.5)



A
y 2 dA  I

Replace (2.5) into (2.4) we have:

1  d 2 w  d 2 w   1  2  d 2w  
L L 2

U     Ey 2   y 2  dx    Ey  2  dx (2.6)

2 0  dx  dx   20  dx  


Because of the rectangular cross section

Student: Nguyen Thien Phu – ID: 2070516 Page 4

AS1: Advanced Finite Element Method Instructor: Nguyen Thai Binh, PhD
L

 y dA   y dx  I
2 2
(2.7)
A 0

Replace (2.7) into (2.6) we have:

1  2  d 2w  
2 2 2
L
1
L
 d 2w  2 1
L
 d 2w 
U    Ey  2  dx   E  2  y dx   EI  2  dx (2.8)
20  dx   2 0  dx  2 0  dx 


The expression of the total potential energy of the beam in terms of w(x):

1   d 2w  
L 2 L L
I (w, w '')  U  W    EI  2  dx   q( x)w( x)dx   P0 w L /2 (2.9)
2 0   dx  
  0 0

2.2. Question 2: From Q.1, obtain the Euler-Lagrange equation and the
corresponding boundary conditions. Also indicate the types of boundary
conditions.

The first variation  I is:

L
  d 2 w   d 2w  L L
 I (w, w '')    EI  2    2  dx   q( x) wdx   P0 w( L/2)dx (2.10)
0  dx   dx   0 0

Finally, we obtain:

 d2  
L
d 2w   d 2 w  dw  
L
I ( w, w '')    2  EI . 2   q  x    wdx   EI 2   
0
dx  dx    dx  dx   0
(2.11)
L
 d  d w 
2 L
   EI 2  w   P0w L /2
 dx  dx   0 0

 dw 
For I ( w, w '')  0 for any admissible w and   :
 dx 

d 2  d 2w 
 EI   q  x  0 for 0 < x < L (2.12)
dx2  dx2 

→ EQ (2.12) is the Euler – Lagrange equation.

Student: Nguyen Thien Phu – ID: 2070516 Page 5

AS1: Advanced Finite Element Method Instructor: Nguyen Thai Binh, PhD

d 2w
EI  0 → Natural boundary condition at x = L (2.13)
dx 2

w  0 → Essential boundary condition at x = 0 (2.14)

w0 → Essential boundary condition at x = 0 and x = L (2.15)

2.3. Question 3: Find the approximate solution by Rayleight-Ritz Method and

weighted residual method with Galerkin equation.

2.3.1. Reyleight-Ritz Method

M
mx
Let w   am sin (2.16)
m 1 L

Total potential energy:

2
1
L
 d 2w  L
I   EI . 2  dx   q( x)  wdx  P0  w( L /2) (2.17)
20  dx  0

 For M = 1
^ x
w  a1 sin (2.18)
L
^
d2 w 2 x
 2
  a sin
2 1
(2.19)
dx L L

From (2.17), (2.18), we have:

2
^ 1
L
 2 x 
L
x x 
I   EI   2 a1 sin  dx   qo  a1 sin dx  P0  a1 sin (2.20)
20  L L 0
L L 2

^ EI  4  a12 q0  L  a1
I   P0  a1 (2.21)
4  L3 

The first variation EQ.(2.20) is:

Student: Nguyen Thien Phu – ID: 2070516 Page 6

AS1: Advanced Finite Element Method Instructor: Nguyen Thai Binh, PhD
^
 I EI  4  a1 q0 L
   P0  0
a1 2 L3  (2.22)
2  L  q0 L
3

 a1     P0   20.592mm
EI    
4


^ 2 L3  L  x x
Therefore, w1 ( x)   q  30  sin 
4  0   20.592sin   (2.23)
EI      L   L 

 d 2w  2L  q0 L  x
EI  2    P0   sin
   x
 
M dx  2
 L
 ( x)   6 2
 225.802sin ( MPa)
W W bh L
(2.24)

→ EQ (2.23) Reyleight – Ritz (M=1)

 For M = 2
^ x 2x
w  a1 sin  a2 sin (2.25)
L L
^
d2 w 2 x 42 2x
 2
  2 a1 sin  2 a2 sin (2.26)
dx L L L L

From (2.24) and (2.25):

2
^ 1
L
 2 x 42 2x 
L
x  x 2x 
I   EI   2 a1 sin  2 a2 sin  dx   qo   a1 sin  a2 sin  dx
20  L L L L  0
L  L L 

 P0  a1 sin
2
(2.27)

^ EI  4 q0  L   2a1  a2 
I  ( a 2
 16  a 2
)   P0  a1 (2.28)
4  L3 2
1 2

The first variation EQ.(2.27) is:

Student: Nguyen Thien Phu – ID: 2070516 Page 7

AS1: Advanced Finite Element Method Instructor: Nguyen Thai Binh, PhD
^
 I EI  4  a1 q0 L 2 L3 q L 
   P0  0  a1     0  P0   20.592mm
a1 2L3
 EI    
4

(2.29)
^
 I 8EI  4  a2 q0 L L3 qL
   0  a2   0  0.020(mm) (2.30)
a2 L3
2 8EI   4
2

2  L3  q0 L
^
 x L3 qL 2x
Therefore, w     P0   sin   0  sin (2.31)
EI    
4
 L 8EI   4
2 L

^ x 2x
→ w  20.592  sin  0.020  sin (2.32)
L L

 2^
d w
EI  2  2 L  q0 L  x q0 L2 2x
 dx    P0   sin  3  sin
    6     L 4
^ 2
M L
 2
(2.33)
W W bh
^ x 2x
→   225sin  0.871sin (2.34)
L L

→ EQ (2.33) Reyleight – Ritz (M = 2)

 For M = 3
^ x 2x 3x
w  a1 sin  a2 sin  a3 sin (2.35)
L L L
^
d2 w 2 x 42 2x 92 3x
   a1 sin  a2 sin  a3 sin (2.36)
dx 2 L2 L L2 L L2 L

From (2.34) and (2.35):

2
^ 1
L
 2 x 42 2x 92 3x 
I   EI   2 a1 sin  2 a2 sin  2 a3 sin  dx
20  L L L L L L 
(2.37)
x  x 2x 3x    3 
L
  qo   a1 sin  a2 sin  a3 sin  dx  P0   a1 sin  a3 sin 
0
L  L L L   2 2 

Student: Nguyen Thien Phu – ID: 2070516 Page 8

AS1: Advanced Finite Element Method Instructor: Nguyen Thai Binh, PhD

EI  4
^ q0  L   6a1  3a2  2a3 
I  ( a 2
 16  a 2
 81a 2
)   P0  (a1  a3 )
4  L3 6
1 2 3

(2.38)

The first variation EQ.(2.37) is:

^
 I EI  4  a1 q0 L 2 L3 q L 
   P  0  a     0  P0   20.592mm
a1  EI    
0 1

3 4
2L
(2.39)
^
 I 8EI  4  a2 q0 L L3 qL
   0  a   0  0.020(mm) (2.40)
a2 2 8EI   2
3 2 4
L

^
 I 81EI  4  a3 q0 L 2 L3  q0 L 
   P  a      P0   0.122mm
a3 3 81EI    3
0 3

3 4
2L
(2.41)

Therefore,

^ 2  L3  q0 L  x L3 qL 2x
w    P0  sin   0  sin
EI    
4
 L 8EI   4
2 L
(2.42)
2 L3 q L  3x
   0  P0   sin
81EI    3
4
 L

^ x 2x 3x
→ w  20.592sin  0.020sin  0.122sin (2.43)
L L L

 2^
d w
EI  2  2 L  q0 L  x L 2x
 dx     P   sin   q L  sin
  6    L 4
0 0
  
^ 2 3
M L
 2
W W bh
2 L  q0 L  3x
  P0   sin
9  3
2
 L
 6 2
bh
(2.44)

Student: Nguyen Thien Phu – ID: 2070516 Page 9

AS1: Advanced Finite Element Method Instructor: Nguyen Thai Binh, PhD
^ x 2x 3x
→   225sin  0.871sin  2.406sin (2.45)
L L L

→ EQ (2.44) Reyleight – Ritz (M=3)

2.3.2. The Weighted Residual Method

L
 d2  d 2w  
0 1 dx2  dx2 
W  EI  q  x  dx  PW1 L 2  0 (2.46)
 
L
 d 2  d 2w  q  x   PW1 L 2
  W1  2  2   dx  0 (2.47)
0  dx  dx  EI  EI

L
 d 4w  q
L
x 1
  W1  4 dx   o W1 dx   P 0W1 L 2  (2.48)
0  dx  EI 0 L EI  

Based on:

Ka = F (2.49)
x i 1
Which: K   K ij  and K ij   L  N W dx
xi
j i (2.50)

a T  a1 a2 ... a n  (2.51)

x j1

F  Fj and Fj   f W dx i i (2.52)

xj

M
mx
Let w   am sin (2.53)
m 1 L

We find out the deflection (a) by subdomain Collocation and Galerkin’s equation.

2.3.2.1 Subdomain Collocation

 For M = 1

x x
w  a1 sin ; N1  sin ; W1  1 at x j  x  x j 1 (2.54)
L L

Student: Nguyen Thien Phu – ID: 2070516 Page 10

AS1: Advanced Finite Element Method Instructor: Nguyen Thai Binh, PhD

d 4 w 4 x
 4
 4 a1 sin (2.55)
dx L L
L
 4
L
x  4
L
x 23
K11   L  N1 W1dx    4 sin dx  4  sin dx  3 (2.56)
0
0
L L L 0 L L

L
q x P q L 10qo L 21qo L
F1   o  dx  o   o   (2.57)
EI 0 L EI 2EI EI 2EI

From EQ (2.55) and (2.56), we have:

21qo L4
 K a1  F1  a1   3  16.458mm (2.58)
4 EI

21qo L4 x  x

 w   3 sin    16.458sin   (2.59)
4 EI  L   L 

 d 2w 
EI  2  21qo L  sin  x
2

 = = 
M dx 
 4 L  180.481sin  x (2.60)
2
W W bh L
6

 For M = 2

x 2x x 2x
w  a1 sin  a2 sin ; N1  sin ; N2  sin ; W1  1 at x j  x  x j 1 (2.61)
L L L L

d 4w  4  x   2 x  
 4  4  a1 sin  L   16a2 sin  L   (2.62)
dx L     

L /2 L /2
4 x  4 L/2  x 3
K11   L  N W dx  
0
1 1
0
 4
L
sin 
L 
dx 
L4 0
sin
L
dx 
L3
(2.63)

L /2 L /2
 4 2 x   4 L/2 2 x 16 3
K12   L  N W dx  
0
2 1
0
16 4 sin
 L L 
dx  16 4  sin
L 0 L
dx  3
L
(2.64)

L
4 x
L
4 L 2 x 3
K21   L  N1 W1dx    4 sin dx  4  sin dx  3 (2.65)
L /2 
L /2
L L  L L/2 L L

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AS1: Advanced Finite Element Method Instructor: Nguyen Thai Binh, PhD
L
 4
L
2 x  4 L 2 x 16 3
K22   L  N2 W1dx   16 4 sin dx  16 4  sin dx   3 (2.66)
L /2 
L /2
L L  L L/2 L L

 q L /2
x Po W1 L 2   qo L /2
x 5qo L   41q L 
 o
 EI
0 1 L
W dx   
2 EI   EI 0 L dx   o
EI   8EI 
F    
5qo L   43qo L 
L
 qo L Po 1 L 2  
W  qo x
L/2 L dx  EI   8EI 
x
 EI

 1L
L /2
W dx 
2 EI   EI

(2.67)

Which can be written in the matrix form as:

 3 163   41q o L   21q o L4 

 3   
L3  a1    8EI   a1    43EI   16.458 mm
 K a  F   L3          
 163  a 2   43q o L  a 2   q o L4  0.024  mm
 L3  3 
L   8EI  1283EI 

(2.68)

Therefore,

21qo L4 x qo L4 2x
w sin  sin (2.69)
4 EI
3
L 128 EI3
L

x 2x
→ w  16.458sin  0.024sin (2.70)
L L

 d 2w 
EI  2  21qo L sin x  qo L sin 2x
2 2

= = 
dx 
 4 L 32
M L
2
(2.71)
W W bh
6

x 2 x
   180.481sin  1.074sin (2.72)
L L

 For M = 3

x 2x 3x
w  a1 sin  a2 sin  a3 sin ; W1  1 at x j  x  x j 1
L L L (2.73)
x 2x 3x
N1  sin ; N 2  sin ; N3  sin
L L L

Student: Nguyen Thien Phu – ID: 2070516 Page 12

AS1: Advanced Finite Element Method Instructor: Nguyen Thai Binh, PhD

d 4w  4  x 2 x 3 x 
  4  a1 sin  16a2 sin  81a3 sin  (2.74)
dx 4
L  L L L 

L /3 L /3
 4 x  4
L /3
x 3
K11   L  N W dx  
0
1 1
0
 4
L
sin
L
dx 
L4 0
sin
L
dx 
2L3
(2.75)

L /3 L /3
 4 2x  4
L /3
2x 123
K12   L  N W dx  
0
2 1
0
16 4 sin
 L L 
dx  16 4  sin
L 0 L
dx  3
L
(2.76)

L /3 L /3
 4 3x  4
L /3
3x 543
K13   L  N W dx  
0
3 1
0
 81
 L
4
sin
L 
dx  81
L4 0
sin
L
dx 
L3
(2.77)

2 L /3
 4 x  4
2 L /3
2 L /3
x 3
K21   L  N1 W1dx    4 sin dx  4  sin dx  3 (2.78)
L /3 
L /3
L L L L/3 L L

2 L /3
 4 2x 
2 L /3
4
2 L /3
2x
K22   L  N2 W1dx   16 4 sin dx  16 4  sin dx 0 (2.79)
L /3  
L /3
L L L L /3
L

2 L /3
 4 3x 
2 L /3
4
2 L /3
3x 543
K23   L  N3 W1dx    81 4 sin dx  81 4  sin dx   3 (2.80)
L /3 
L /3
L L  L L/3 L L

L
 4 x  4
L L
x 3
K31   L  N1 W1dx    4 sin dx  4  sin dx  3 (2.81)
2 L /3 
2 L /3
L L L 2 L/3 L 2L

L
 4 2x 
L
4
L
2x 123
K32   L  N2 W1dx   16 4 sin dx  16 4  sin dx   3 (2.82)
2 L /3 
2 L /3
L L  L 2 L/3 L L

L
 4 3x 
L
4
L
3x 543
K33   L  N3 W1dx    81 4 sin
L4 2 L/3
dx  81 sin dx  (2.83)
2 L /3 2 L /3 
L L  L L3

 qo L /3
x   q L /3

0
x
 W1 dx   o 0 dx   qo L 
 EI   18EI 
L   EI L
 Po W1 L 2   qo  
 q 10qo L   61qo L 
2 L /3 2 L /3
x x
F   o  W1 L dx  EI    EI  L dx  EI    6EI  (2.84)
 EI L /3   L /3   
 q L   q L   5qo L 
 o x   o x   18EI 
 EI 
2 L /3
W1 dx
L   EI 
2 L /3
L
dx
  

Student: Nguyen Thien Phu – ID: 2070516 Page 13

AS1: Advanced Finite Element Method Instructor: Nguyen Thai Binh, PhD

Which can be written in the matrix form as:

 K a  F
 3 123 543   qoL   62q o L4 
 3   18EI   3 
 2L L3 L3  9 EI 
a 1    a 1   21.596  mm
 3 54     61q o L     q o L4  
3

 3 0  3  a 2       a 2      29.026  mm
L L    6EI    108 EI   3
 3  a 0.190  mm
543   3   5q o L   3   59q o L4  
a
 123
 2L3   18EI   
 L3 L3     972 EI 
3

(2.85)

Therefore,

62qo L4 x qo L4 2x 59qo L4 3x

w   3 sin  sin  sin (2.86)
9 EI L 108 EI
3
L 972 EI
3
L

x 2x 3x
 w  21.596sin  29.026sin  0.190sin (2.87)
L L L

 d 2w 
EI  2  62qo L sin  x  qo L sin 2 x  59qo L sin 3 x
2 2 2

= = 
dx 
 9 L 27 108
M L L (2.88)
W W bh 2
6

x 2 x 3 x
   236.823sin  1.273sin  18.780sin (2.89)
L L L

2.3.2.2 Galerkin’s Equation

 For M = 1

x x
w  a1 sin ; W1  N1  sin (2.90)
L L

d 4 w 4 x
 4
 4 a1 sin (2.91)
dx L L

Student: Nguyen Thien Phu – ID: 2070516 Page 14

AS1: Advanced Finite Element Method Instructor: Nguyen Thai Binh, PhD
L L L
 4 x  x 4
K11   L  N1 W1dx   L  N1 N1dx    4 sin  sin dx  3 (2.92)
0
0 0
L L L 2L

L L
q x
F1  o  W1dx 
EI 0 L
1
EI
 
q x
Po  W1( L/2)   o  N1dx 
EI 0 L
10qo L
EI
N1( L/2) (2.93)

qo L
 10qo L
x
L
qo x
 F1    sin dx 
Po

qo L 10qo L
   (2.94)
EI 0 L L EI EI EI EI

Which can be written in the matrix form as:

2qo L4 1  10 
 K a1  F1  a1    20.592mm (2.95)
5 EI

2qo L4 1  10  x x
→ w sin  20.592sin (2.96)
 EI
5
L L

 d 2w 
EI  2   2qo L 1  10   sin  x
2

 = = 
M dx 
  3 EI L  225.820sin  x (2.97)
2
W W bh L
6

 For M = 2

x 2x x 2x
w  a1 sin  a2 sin ; W1  N1  sin ,W2  N2  sin (2.98)
L L L L

d 4 w 4  x 2x 
  4  a1 sin  16a2 sin  (2.99)
dx 4
L  L L 

L L L
 4 x  x 4
K11   L  N1 W1dx   L  N1 N1dx    4 sin  sin dx  3 (2.100)
0
0 0
L L L 2L

4 2x x
L L L
K12   L  N2 W1dx   L  N 2 N1dx  16 4  sin  sin dx 0 (2.101)
0 0
L 0 L L

4 x 2x
L L L
K21   L  N1 W2dx   L  N1 N 2dx  4 
sin  sin dx  0 (2.102)
0 0
L 0 L L

Student: Nguyen Thien Phu – ID: 2070516 Page 15

AS1: Advanced Finite Element Method Instructor: Nguyen Thai Binh, PhD

164 2x 2x 84

L L L
K22   L  N2 W2dx   L  N2 N 2dx  4  sin  sin dx  3 (2.103)
0 0
L 0 L L L

 q L x Po N1 L /2   qo L x x 10qo L  

  N1 dx 
o
    sin dx  sin 
 EI 0 L EI   EI 0 L L EI 2 
F    
 qo L Po N 2 L /2   qo L x 2x 10qo L 
 EI  N 2 L dx  EI   EI  L  sin L dx  EI sin 
x
 0   0 
(2.104)
 qo L 
   10 qo L 
 
F  EI 
 q0 L 
 
 2EI 

Which can be written in the matrix form as:

 K a  F
 4   qoL   2q o L4 1  10  
   10q o L  
 3  a1    20.592 mm
0 
a 1    5EI
  2L     EI 
      
 84  a 2   q L   2 
a qo L 4
 0.020  mm
 0 L3  
0
  165EI 
 2EI 
(2.105)

2qo L4 1  10  x qo L4 2x

w sin  sin (2.106)
 EI
5
L 16 EI
5
L

x 2x
 w  20.592sin  0.020sin (2.107)
L L

 d 2w 
EI  2  2qo L 10  1 sin x  qo L sin 2x
2 2

= 
M dx  3 L 43 L
=  2
(2.108)
W W bh
6

x 2x
   225.820sin  0.087sin (2.109)
L L

 For M = 3

Student: Nguyen Thien Phu – ID: 2070516 Page 16

AS1: Advanced Finite Element Method Instructor: Nguyen Thai Binh, PhD

x 2x 3x
w  a1 sin  a2 sin  a3 sin (2.110)
L L L

x 2x 3x
W1  N1  sin ,W2  N2  sin ,W3  N3  sin (2.111)
L L L

d 4 w 4  x 2x 3x 
 4  4  a1 sin  16a2 sin  81a3 sin  (2.112)
dx L  L L L 

L L L
 4 x  x 3
K11   L  N1 W1dx   L  N1 N1dx    4 sin  sin dx  3 (2.113)
0
0 0
L L L 2L

164 2x x
L L L
K12   L  N2 W1dx   L  N 2 N1dx  4  sin  sin dx 0 (2.114)
0 0
L 0 L L

814 3x x
L L L
K13   L  N3 W1dx   L  N3 N1dx  4  sin  sin dx 0 (2.115)
0 0
L 0 L L

L L L
 4 x  2x
K21   L  N1 W2dx   L  N1 N2dx    4 sin  sin dx  0 (2.116)
0 
0 0
L L L

164 2x 2x 84

L L L
K22   L  N2 W2dx   L  N2 N 2dx  4  sin  sin dx  3 (2.117)
0 0
L 0 L L L

814 3x 2x

L L L
K23   L  N3 W2dx   L  N3 N2dx  4  sin  sin dx  0 (2.118)
0 0
L 0
L L

L L L
 4 x  3x
K31   L  N1 W3dx   L  N1 N3dx    4 sin  sin dx  0 (2.119)
0
0 0
L L L

164 2x 3x

L L L
K32   L  N2 W3dx   L  N 2 N3dx  4  sin  sin dx  0 (2.120)
0 0
L 0
L L

814 3x 3x 814

L L L
K33   L  N3 W3dx   L  N3 N3dx  4  sin  sin dx  3 (2.121)
0 0
L 0 L L 2L

Student: Nguyen Thien Phu – ID: 2070516 Page 17

AS1: Advanced Finite Element Method Instructor: Nguyen Thai Binh, PhD

 qo L x Po N1( L /2)   qo L x x 10qo L  

  N1 dx      sin dx  sin 
 EI 0 L EI   EI 0 L L EI 2 
 Po N 2( L /2)   qo L x 
 qo 2x 
L
x 10qo L
F    N 2 dx       sin dx  sin  
 EI 0 L EI   EI 0 L L EI 
   
 qo N 3 x dx  o 3( L /2)   qo x  sin 3x dx  10qo L sin 3 
L L
PN
 EI 0 L EI   EI 0 L L EI 2 
 qo L 
 10qo L   
 
 EI 
 qo L 
 F3    
 2EI 
 qo L 
 10qo L  3 
 
 EI  (2.122)

Which can be written in the matrix form as:

 K a  F
 qoL 
 3   10q o L     2q o L4 10  1 
 3 0 0     
 3L 5 EI
 a 1   EI  a1    1042.5 mm
 84    qoL     q o L4   
 0 0  a 2       a 2       1.005  mm
 L3    2EI  a   16 EI5
  12.34  mm
 4 a 3 
81   qoL   3   2q o L4  30  1   
 10q L 
 0 3   
0
2L3 
o
 243 EI
5
   
 EI 
(2.123)

2qo L4 10  1 x qo L4 2x 2qo L  30  1 3x

4
w sin  sin  sin (2.124)
5 EI L 165 EI L 2435 EI L

x 2x 3x
 w  20.592sin  1.985sin  0.244sin ; (2.125)
L L L

2qo L2 10  1 x qo L2 2x 2qo L  30  1

2
3x
sin  3 sin  sin
=
M
  3
L 4 L 27 3
L (2.126)
2
W bh
6

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AS1: Advanced Finite Element Method Instructor: Nguyen Thai Binh, PhD

x 2x 3x
  = 225.82sin  0.871sin  24.059sin (2.127)
L L L

2.3.3. Analytical solution

Deflection of beam with general distributed load q(x) = q0.x/L:

q0 x5 9q Lx3 7q0 L2 x 2
wq    0  at 0  x  L (2.128)
120EIL 240EI 240EI

Deflection of beam with concentrated force P0 at mid span.

11P0 x3 3P0 Lx 2  L
wP0   at x  0;  (2.129)
96EI 32EI  2

5P0 x3 5P0 Lx 2 P0 L2 x P0 L2 L 
wP0      at x   ; L  (2.130)
96EI 32EI 8EI 48EI 2 

From EQ (2.128), (2.129), (2.130), we have total deflection of beam:

 L
When x  0; 
 2

q0 x5 9q Lx3 7q0 L2 x 2 11P0 x3 3P0 Lx 2

w1  wP0  wq    0    (2.131)
120EIL 240EI 240EI 96EI 32EI

L 
When x   ; L 
2 

q0 x5 9q0 Lx3 7q0 L2 x 2 5P0 x3 5P0 Lx 2 P0 L2 x P0 L3

w2  wP0  wq        
120EIL 240EI 240EI 96EI 32EI 8EI 48EI

(2.132)

So that we have normal stress of beam:

 L
When x  0;  :
 2

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 AS1: Advanced Finite Element Method Instructor: Nguyen Thai Binh, PhD

 d 2w  3 2
EI  2   q0 x  9 xq0 L  7q0 L  11 P x  3 P L
 
M dx  6 40 120 16
0
16
0
  (2.133)
W W bh 2
6

L 
When x   ; L 
2 

 d 2w  3 2
EI  2   q0 x  9 xq0 L  7q0 L  5P0 x  5P0 L
 
M dx  6 40 120 16 16
  2
(2.134)
W W bh
6

2.3.4. Comparing solutions

2.3.4.1 Deflection

Compute for different values of M (at least three values) to show convergence and
accuracy of deflection by comparing with the analytical solutions. All of the results
of the deflection were validated in the following table:

Deflection (m)
x Analytical Reyleight-Ritz Subdomain Galerkin
(m) solution M=1 M=2 M=3 M=1 M=2 M=3 M=1 M=2 M=3
0.00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0.06 -0.0008 -0.0013 -0.0013 -0.0013 -0.0010 -0.0010 -0.0016 -0.0013 -0.0013 -0.0013
0.12 -0.0017 -0.0026 -0.0026 -0.0026 -0.0021 -0.0021 -0.0034 -0.0026 -0.0026 -0.0026
0.18 -0.0027 -0.0039 -0.0039 -0.0039 -0.0031 -0.0031 -0.0052 -0.0039 -0.0039 -0.0039
0.24 -0.0035 -0.0051 -0.0051 -0.0052 -0.0041 -0.0041 -0.0068 -0.0051 -0.0051 -0.0052
0.30 -0.0044 -0.0064 -0.0064 -0.0065 -0.0051 -0.0051 -0.0085 -0.0064 -0.0064 -0.0065
0.36 -0.0054 -0.0076 -0.0076 -0.0077 -0.0061 -0.0060 -0.0103 -0.0076 -0.0076 -0.0077
0.42 -0.0064 -0.0088 -0.0088 -0.0089 -0.0070 -0.0070 -0.0121 -0.0088 -0.0088 -0.0089
0.48 -0.0073 -0.0099 -0.0099 -0.0100 -0.0079 -0.0079 -0.0138 -0.0099 -0.0099 -0.0100
0.54 -0.0084 -0.0110 -0.0110 -0.0111 -0.0088 -0.0088 -0.0157 -0.0110 -0.0110 -0.0111
0.60 -0.0096 -0.0121 -0.0121 -0.0122 -0.0097 -0.0097 -0.0176 -0.0121 -0.0121 -0.0122
0.66 -0.0107 -0.0131 -0.0131 -0.0132 -0.0105 -0.0105 -0.0194 -0.0131 -0.0131 -0.0132
0.72 -0.0119 -0.0141 -0.0141 -0.0142 -0.0113 -0.0112 -0.0212 -0.0141 -0.0141 -0.0142
0.78 -0.0131 -0.0150 -0.0150 -0.0151 -0.0120 -0.0120 -0.0229 -0.0150 -0.0150 -0.0151
0.84 -0.0143 -0.0159 -0.0158 -0.0159 -0.0127 -0.0127 -0.0246 -0.0159 -0.0158 -0.0159
0.90 -0.0156 -0.0167 -0.0166 -0.0167 -0.0133 -0.0133 -0.0263 -0.0167 -0.0166 -0.0167
0.96 -0.0169 -0.0174 -0.0174 -0.0174 -0.0139 -0.0139 -0.0280 -0.0174 -0.0174 -0.0174
1.02 -0.0180 -0.0180 -0.0180 -0.0180 -0.0144 -0.0144 -0.0293 -0.0180 -0.0180 -0.0180
1.08 -0.0194 -0.0186 -0.0186 -0.0186 -0.0149 -0.0149 -0.0309 -0.0186 -0.0186 -0.0186
1.14 -0.0204 -0.0191 -0.0191 -0.0191 -0.0153 -0.0153 -0.0319 -0.0191 -0.0191 -0.0191
1.20 -0.0214 -0.0196 -0.0196 -0.0195 -0.0157 -0.0156 -0.0329 -0.0196 -0.0196 -0.0195
1.26 -0.0223 -0.0199 -0.0199 -0.0198 -0.0159 -0.0159 -0.0338 -0.0199 -0.0199 -0.0198
1.32 -0.0231 -0.0202 -0.0202 -0.0201 -0.0162 -0.0162 -0.0345 -0.0202 -0.0202 -0.0201

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 AS1: Advanced Finite Element Method Instructor: Nguyen Thai Binh, PhD

Deflection (m)
x Analytical Reyleight-Ritz Subdomain Galerkin
(m) solution M=1 M=2 M=3 M=1 M=2 M=3 M=1 M=2 M=3
1.38 -0.0237 -0.0204 -0.0204 -0.0203 -0.0163 -0.0163 -0.0350 -0.0204 -0.0204 -0.0203
1.44 -0.0241 -0.0206 -0.0205 -0.0204 -0.0164 -0.0164 -0.0352 -0.0206 -0.0205 -0.0204
1.50 -0.0242 -0.0206 -0.0206 -0.0205 -0.0165 -0.0165 -0.0353 -0.0206 -0.0206 -0.0205
1.56 -0.0241 -0.0206 -0.0206 -0.0204 -0.0164 -0.0164 -0.0352 -0.0206 -0.0206 -0.0204
1.62 -0.0237 -0.0204 -0.0204 -0.0203 -0.0163 -0.0163 -0.0350 -0.0204 -0.0204 -0.0203
1.68 -0.0231 -0.0202 -0.0202 -0.0201 -0.0162 -0.0162 -0.0345 -0.0202 -0.0202 -0.0201
1.74 -0.0223 -0.0199 -0.0200 -0.0199 -0.0159 -0.0160 -0.0338 -0.0199 -0.0200 -0.0199
1.80 -0.0214 -0.0196 -0.0196 -0.0195 -0.0157 -0.0157 -0.0329 -0.0196 -0.0196 -0.0195
1.86 -0.0204 -0.0191 -0.0192 -0.0191 -0.0153 -0.0153 -0.0319 -0.0191 -0.0192 -0.0191
1.92 -0.0192 -0.0186 -0.0186 -0.0186 -0.0149 -0.0149 -0.0307 -0.0186 -0.0186 -0.0186
2.00 -0.0178 -0.0178 -0.0179 -0.0179 -0.0143 -0.0143 -0.0291 -0.0178 -0.0179 -0.0179
2.06 -0.0167 -0.0172 -0.0172 -0.0172 -0.0137 -0.0137 -0.0278 -0.0172 -0.0172 -0.0172
2.12 -0.0153 -0.0164 -0.0164 -0.0165 -0.0131 -0.0131 -0.0260 -0.0164 -0.0164 -0.0165
2.18 -0.0140 -0.0156 -0.0156 -0.0157 -0.0125 -0.0125 -0.0243 -0.0156 -0.0156 -0.0157
2.24 -0.0128 -0.0147 -0.0147 -0.0148 -0.0118 -0.0118 -0.0226 -0.0147 -0.0147 -0.0148
2.30 -0.0116 -0.0138 -0.0138 -0.0139 -0.0110 -0.0110 -0.0209 -0.0138 -0.0138 -0.0139
2.36 -0.0104 -0.0128 -0.0128 -0.0129 -0.0102 -0.0102 -0.0191 -0.0128 -0.0128 -0.0129
2.42 -0.0093 -0.0118 -0.0118 -0.0119 -0.0094 -0.0094 -0.0173 -0.0118 -0.0118 -0.0119
2.48 -0.0081 -0.0107 -0.0107 -0.0108 -0.0085 -0.0085 -0.0154 -0.0107 -0.0107 -0.0108
2.54 -0.0069 -0.0095 -0.0096 -0.0097 -0.0076 -0.0076 -0.0134 -0.0095 -0.0096 -0.0097
2.60 -0.0060 -0.0084 -0.0084 -0.0085 -0.0067 -0.0067 -0.0117 -0.0084 -0.0084 -0.0085
2.66 -0.0050 -0.0072 -0.0072 -0.0073 -0.0057 -0.0058 -0.0099 -0.0072 -0.0072 -0.0073
2.72 -0.0040 -0.0060 -0.0060 -0.0061 -0.0048 -0.0048 -0.0081 -0.0060 -0.0060 -0.0061
2.78 -0.0031 -0.0047 -0.0047 -0.0048 -0.0038 -0.0038 -0.0064 -0.0047 -0.0047 -0.0048
2.84 -0.0022 -0.0034 -0.0034 -0.0035 -0.0027 -0.0028 -0.0047 -0.0034 -0.0034 -0.0035
2.90 -0.0013 -0.0022 -0.0022 -0.0022 -0.0017 -0.0017 -0.0030 -0.0022 -0.0022 -0.0022
2.94 -0.0008 -0.0013 -0.0013 -0.0013 -0.0010 -0.0010 -0.0016 -0.0013 -0.0013 -0.0013
3.00 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

 Reyleight-Ritz

DEFLECTION - REYLEIGHT - RITZ

0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00
0
L (m)

-0.005

-0.01 Analytical
-0.015
M=1
M=2
-0.02 M=3
-0.025

-0.03
w (m)

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 AS1: Advanced Finite Element Method Instructor: Nguyen Thai Binh, PhD

Comparing accuracy and estimated values (according to Reyleight-Ritz) we see that

exact solution has the biggest deflection, which is totally different from values of
Reyleight-Ritz method.

 Subdomain Collocation

DEFLECTION - SUBDOMAIN COLLOCATION

0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00
L (m)
0
-0.005
-0.01
-0.015 Analytical
-0.02
M=1
M=2
-0.025
M=3
-0.03
-0.035
-0.04
w (m)

The deflection comparison of Subdomain Collocation and analytical solution shows

that the approximate solutions are different. The biggest deflection at M = 3.

 Galerkin’s Equation

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 AS1: Advanced Finite Element Method Instructor: Nguyen Thai Binh, PhD

DEFLECTION - GALERKIN
0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 L (m)
0

-0.005

-0.01 Analytical
M=1
-0.015
M=2
-0.02 M=3

-0.025

-0.03
w (m)

The deflection comparison shows that the values of analytical solution are different
from Galerkin’s deflection, which has the biggest values in that figure.

2.3.4.2 Normal stress

Compute for different values of M (at least three values) to show convergence and
accuracy of deflection by comparing with the analytical solutions. All of the results
of the normal stress were validated in the following table:

Normal stress (kN/m2)

x Analytical Reyleight-Ritz Subdomain Galerkin
(m) solution M=1 M=2 M=3 M=1 M=2 M=3 M=1 M=2 M=3
0.00 -208800 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0.06 -193464.432 1259 1274 1279 11332 11467 11192 14179 14168 9780
0.12 -178131.456 2513 2543 2565 22620 22887 22452 28303 28281 19663
0.18 -162803.664 3758 3802 3865 33819 34214 33845 42314 42282 29744
0.24 -147483.648 4987 5045 5184 44884 45401 45426 56159 56117 40109
0.30 -132174 6197 6267 6526 55772 56403 57241 69782 69731 50830
0.36 -116877.312 7382 7464 7895 66439 67175 69316 83130 83070 61957
0.42 -101596.176 8538 8630 9292 76845 77673 81663 96149 96082 73517
0.48 -86333.184 9661 9762 10714 86947 87854 94273 108790 108716 85513
0.54 -71090.928 10745 10853 12157 96707 97678 107112 121000 120922 97919
0.60 -55872 11787 11901 13617 106084 107106 120130 132734 132651 110681

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 AS1: Advanced Finite Element Method Instructor: Nguyen Thai Binh, PhD

Normal stress (kN/m2)

x Analytical Reyleight-Ritz Subdomain Galerkin
(m) solution M=1 M=2 M=3 M=1 M=2 M=3 M=1 M=2 M=3
0.66 -40678.992 12783 12900 15083 115043 116098 133249 143943 143858 123716
0.72 -25514.496 13728 13847 16546 123548 124620 146376 154584 154498 136916
0.78 -10381.104 14618 14738 17993 131565 132637 159395 164616 164529 150149
0.84 4718.592 15452 15569 19409 139063 140118 172177 173997 173912 163262
0.90 19782 16224 16337 20778 146012 147034 184580 182692 182609 176086
0.96 34806.528 16932 17040 22084 152385 153357 196451 190666 190587 188439
1.02 49789.584 17573 17674 23309 158157 159064 207634 197888 197814 200134
1.08 64728.576 18145 18237 24437 163304 164132 217973 204328 204261 210982
1.14 79620.912 18645 18727 25451 167807 168542 227317 209962 209903 220802
1.20 94464 19072 19142 26335 171648 172279 235522 214768 214716 229421
1.26 109255.248 19424 19481 27076 174811 175328 242460 218725 218684 236683
1.32 123992.064 19698 19742 27661 177284 177680 248016 221820 221788 242454
1.38 138671.856 19895 19925 28081 179058 179325 252100 224039 224018 246625
1.44 153292.032 20014 20029 28329 180125 180259 254643 225374 225363 249116
1.50 167850 20054 20054 28400 180481 180481 255603 225820 225820 249879
1.56 160743.168 20014 19999 28294 180125 179990 254963 225374 225385 248898
1.62 153568.944 19895 19866 28011 179058 178791 252733 224039 224061 246192
1.68 146324.736 19698 19654 27557 177284 176889 248953 221820 221852 241813
1.74 139007.952 19424 19366 26940 174811 174293 243686 218725 218767 235844
1.80 131616 19072 19002 26169 171648 171016 237019 214768 214819 228397
1.86 124146.288 18645 18564 25257 167807 167072 229060 209962 210022 219610
1.92 116596.224 18145 18053 24219 163304 162477 219935 204328 204395 209640
2.00 106400 17573 17472 23070 156301 155371 206197 195566 195641 194812
2.06 98652.368 16932 16824 21828 150326 149336 194909 188090 188170 182779
2.12 90815.744 16224 16110 20509 143759 142724 182949 179872 179956 170177
2.18 82887.536 15452 15334 19131 136623 135561 170470 170945 171031 157192
2.24 74865.152 14618 14499 17711 128949 127875 157620 161342 161429 144002
2.30 66746 13728 13608 16264 120765 119697 144538 151103 151190 130773
2.36 58527.488 12783 12665 14805 112105 111060 131349 140268 140352 117650
2.42 50207.024 11787 11674 13348 103003 101996 118161 128879 128960 104759
2.48 41782.016 10745 10637 11901 93494 92542 105066 116981 117058 92197
2.54 33249.872 9661 9560 10475 83616 82734 92133 104622 104693 80037
2.60 24608 8538 8446 9074 73408 72610 79410 91849 91914 68321
2.66 15853.808 7382 7300 7702 62911 62209 66925 78715 78771 57062
2.72 6984.704 6197 6127 6360 52165 51570 54684 65269 65317 46249
2.78 -2001.904 4987 4930 5047 41213 40735 42674 51566 51605 35843
2.84 -11108.608 3758 3714 3761 30099 29745 30866 37660 37688 25783
2.90 -20338 2513 2484 2495 18865 18642 19216 23605 23623 15989
2.94 -26560.368 1259 1244 1244 11332 11198 11511 14179 14190 9562
3.00 -36000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

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AS1: Advanced Finite Element Method Instructor: Nguyen Thai Binh, PhD

 Reyleight-Ritz

NORMAL STRESS - REYLEIGHT

 (kN/m2)
250000
200000
150000
100000 Analytical
50000
M=1
0
-50000 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0M = 2
-100000 M=3
-150000
-200000
-250000
L (m)

 Subdomain Collocation

NORMAL STRESS - SUBDOMAIN

 (kN/m2)
300000

200000

100000 Analytical
M=1
0
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0M = 2
-100000
M=3
-200000

-300000
L (m)

 Galerkin’s Equation

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AS1: Advanced Finite Element Method Instructor: Nguyen Thai Binh, PhD

NORMAL STRESS - GALERKIN

 (kN/m2)
300000

200000

100000 Analytical
M=1
0
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0M = 2
-100000
M=3
-200000

-300000
L (m)

Conclusion:

The analytical solution is totally different from the approximate solutions.

The results from Rayleight-Ritz and Galerkin methods are approximate, so the
deflection and normal stress are the same.

On the other hand, the subdomain method gives a significant deviation when M = 3
while the values of the deflection at M =1 and M = 2 are the same due to the influence
of the concentrated load in the middle of the beam.

2.4. Question 4: Finite Element Method solutions for a typical 2-node simple
beam element using the weak form of Galerkin’s equation.

 d 4w  T  
Le L
e
d 4w
0  dx4
W  EI  q  x  dx  PWL /2  0   N  EI 4
 q  x  dx  PN L/2  0 (2.135)
T

 0  dx 
Le L
d 4w e
x
  N EI 4 dx  qo  N T dx  PN LT/2
T
(2.136)
0
dx 0
L

For 1-D problem:

w  x   Nd (2.137)

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AS1: Advanced Finite Element Method Instructor: Nguyen Thai Binh, PhD

Where: N  N1 N2 N3 N4 ; d  w1 1 w2 2  and Wj  N j

So, the Galerkin residual equation for 2-node simple beam element is:
L
  d 2w  
0  EI  dx2   q  x  dx  0
T
N (2.138)

With EI constant:
L
 T d  d 2 w  dN T  d 2 w  
2
T  d w d 2 N T  d 2w 
L 2 L

0 N  dx2  dx  0 dx2  dx 2  dx   N dx  dx 2   dx  dx 2  (2.139)

0

Natural boundary condition:

d 2w d  d 2w 
EI 2  M B and  EI   VB (2.140)
dx dx  dx 2 

Where MB and VB are prescribed values of bending moment and tranverse shear force
at ends of the beam.

Essential boundary condition:

w(0)  w( L)  0 and w(0)  0 (2.141)

Subsitution EQ (2.140) (2.141) in EQ(2.139):

 d 2NT 
L
L
 d 2w   T dN T 
0  dx2  dx2 
 EI    q  x  N T
dx    N VB  M B  (2.142)
  dx 0

Terms VB and MB become part of the load vector {F}. We have

... ..
d 2w d 2 N T d 2NT
w  N d and  d  Bd ( with B  ) (2.143)
dx 2 dx 2 dx 2

Subsitution (2.143) into (2.142)


L L ..
  B EI B dxd     q( x)N N dx d j  F
T T
i (2.144)
j 0 j 0

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 AS1: Advanced Finite Element Method Instructor: Nguyen Thai Binh, PhD


 K  j  d j   M  j  d j  F
..

(2.145)

In this structure we are not related to the mass, the finite element for each element is:

K  j  d j   F j (2.146)

Where:
L

K  j    B EI B dx
T

j 0

 L 2
d N1 d 2 N1
L
d 2 N1 d 2 N 2
L
d 2 N1 d 2 N3
L
d 2 N1 d 2 N 4 
  EI 0 EI dx 2 dx 2 0 EI dx 2 dx 2 0 EI dx 2 dx 2 
0 dx 2 dx 2 
L d 2N d 2N L
d 2 N2 d 2 N2
L
d 2 N 2 d 2 N3
L
d N2 d N4 
2 2
  EI 2 1
0 dx 2 dx 2
EI  EI 0 dx 2 dx 2  (2.147)
EI
0
2 2
dx dx dx 2 dx 2
 L
0
2 L 2 L L 
 EI d N3 d N1
2 2
d N3 d N 2 d 2 N3 d 2 N3 d 2 N3 d 2 N 4 
 0 dx 2 dx 2  EI dx 2 dx 2  EI dx 2 dx 2 0 EI dx 2 dx 2 
 0 0

 d 2 N3 d 2 N1 d N4 d N2 2 2 L
d 2 N 4 d 2 N3
L
d N4 d N4 
2 2

 EI dx 2 dx 2

EI
dx 2 dx 2 0 EI dx 2 dx 2 0 dx 2 dx 2 
EI

Shape fuction of 2-node simple beam element:

N1 
1
L3e
2 x 3
 3 x 2
L  L3
 
d 2 N1 1
dx 2
 3 12 x  6 L 
Le
(2.148)

N2 
1 3
3
Le
 dN 1

x Le  2 x 2 L2e  xL3e  2  3 6 L  8L2
dx Le
  (2.149)

L
1

N3  3 2 x  3x L 
3 2

dx 2

d 2 N3 1
 3  12 x  6 L 
L
(2.150)

N4 
1
3
Le

 x 3
Le  x 2 2
Le
dN 4 1
dx Le

 3 3x 2 Le  2 xL2e  (2.151)

So that:

Student: Nguyen Thien Phu – ID: 2070516 Page 28

AS1: Advanced Finite Element Method Instructor: Nguyen Thai Binh, PhD
L L
d 2 N1 d 2 N1 EI 1 12EI
0 EI dx2 dx2 dx  L3 0 L3 12x  6L 12x  6L  dx  L3 (2.152)

L L

0 dx2 dx2 dx  L3 0 L3 12x  6L   6xL  8L  dx  L2

d 2 N1 d 2 N2 EI 1 2 6EI
EI (2.153)

12EI
L L
d 2 N1 d 2 N3 EI 1
0 EI dx2 dx2 dx  L3 0 L3 12x  6L  12x  6L  dx  L3 (2.154)

L L

0 dx2 dx2 dx  L3 0 L3 12x  6L   6xL  2L  dx  L2

d 2 N1 d 2 N4 EI 1 2 6EI
EI (2.155)

L L

0 EI dx2 dx2 dx  L3 0 L3  6xL  8L  6xL  8L  dx  L

d 2 N2 d 2 N2 EI 1 2 2 4EI
(2.156)

6EI
L L

0 dx2 dx2 dx  L3 0 L3  6xL  8L   12x  6L  dx  L3

d 2 N 2 d 2 N3 EI 1 2
EI (2.157)

L L

0 EI dx2 dx2 dx  L3 0 L3  6xL  8L  6xL  2L  dx  L

d 2 N2 d 2 N4 EI 1 2 2 2EI
(2.158)

L L
d 2 N3 d 2 N 3 EI 1 12EI
0 dx2 dx2 dx  L3 0 L3  12x  6L  12x  6L  dx  L3
EI (2.159)

6EI
L L

0 EI dx2 dx2 dx  L3 0 L3  12x  6L   6xL  2L  dx  L2

d 2 N3 d 2 N 4 EI 1 2
(2.160)

L L

0 dx2 dx2 dx  L3 0 L3  6xL  2L  6xL  2L  dx  L

d 2 N4 d 2 N4 EI 1 2 2 4EI
EI (2.161)

Write stiffness matrix [K] by shape function:

 12 6L 12 6 L 
 4 L2 6 L 2 L2 
EI 
K  j  3
L  12 6 L 
 
 diagonal 4 L2 

Student: Nguyen Thien Phu – ID: 2070516 Page 29

AS1: Advanced Finite Element Method Instructor: Nguyen Thai Binh, PhD

2.4.1. Obtain the FEM solutions by using 2 and 4 elements. Give comments on the
accuracy

Stiffness matrix [K] for each element:

 12 6L 12 6 L 
 4 L2 6 L 2 L2 
EI 
K  j  3
L  12 6 L 
 
 diagonal 4 L2 

The finite element equation for each element is:

K  j  d j   F j (2.162)

After find {dj}, we have deflection of beam

w( x )  Nd (2.163)

 For 2 elements: L  L / 2  1.5m

 370370 277778 370370 277778 

 277778 277778 277778 138889 
K 1,2  
 370370 277778 370370 277778
 
 277778 138889 277778 277778 

3 4 6

740740 0 277778 3
 555556 138889  4
K    0
*

 277778 138889 177778  6

 0.75   0.75   0 
0.375 0.375 30 
     
F1    ; F2    ; FP   
 0.75   0.75   0 
 0.375   0.375   0 

 31.5  3 w2  0.0001610

     
 F  0.375 4  d   2   0.0000796
*

 0.375  6    0.0003158 
   3  

Student: Nguyen Thien Phu – ID: 2070516 Page 30

AS1: Advanced Finite Element Method Instructor: Nguyen Thai Binh, PhD

Deflection of beam:

 L
w( x)  0.161
1
L3 
2 x3  3x 2 L with x  0; 
 2
(2.164)

L 
w( x)  0.161
1
L3 
2 x3  3x 2 L  L3 with x   ; L 
2 
(2.165)

 For 2 elements: L  L / 4  0.75m

 370370 138889 370370 138889 

 138889 69444 138889 138889 
K 1,2,3,4  
 370370 138889 370370 138889
 
 138889 138889 138889 69444 

3 4 5 6 7 8 10

 740740 0 370370 138889 0 0 0 3

 0 138889 138889 138889 0 0 0  4

 370370 138889 740740 0 370370 138889 0 5
 
K    138889 138889
*
0 138889 138889 138889 0 6
 0 0 370370 138889 740740 0 138889  7
 
 0 0 138889 138889 0 138889 138889  8
 138889 69444  10
 0 0 0 0 138889

 0.375   0.375   0.375   0.375 

0.1875 0.1875 0.1875 0.1875
       
F1    ; F2    ; F3    ; F4   
 0.375   0.375   0.375   0.375 
 0.1875   0.1875   0.1875   0.1875 

 0   0.75 
 0   0.1875 
   
30  30.75
   
FP   0  and F   0.1875 
*

 0   0.75 
   
 0   0.1875 
 0   0.1875 
   

Student: Nguyen Thien Phu – ID: 2070516 Page 31

AS1: Advanced Finite Element Method Instructor: Nguyen Thai Binh, PhD

 w2  0.0309
  0.0476
 2  
 w3  0.1235
   
 d   3   0.1698 103
 w  0.1488
 4  
 4   0.0056 
   
 5   0.2890 

Deflection of beam:

 L
w( x)  0.0309
1
L3 
2 x3  3x 2 L with x  0; 
 4
(2.166)

L L
w( x)  0.0309
1
L3  1

2 x3  3x 2 L  L3  0.1488 3 2 x3  3x 2 L
L
 with x ; 
4 2
(2.167)

 L 3L 
w( x)  0.1488
1
L3  1

2 x3  3x 2 L  L3  0.0309 3 2 x3  3x 2 L
L
 with x   ; 
2 4 
(2.168)

 3L 
w( x)  0.1698
1
L3 
2 x3  3x 2 L with x   ; L 
4 
(2.169)

Student: Nguyen Thien Phu – ID: 2070516 Page 32