kf7 !

gfk - Measurement_

!= vfnL 7fpFdf ldNg] zAb e/M

s_ cGo gfksf PsfOdf lge{/ g/xg] PsfOnfO{ ============ elgG5 .

v_ lk08sf] PsfO{ ======= xf] .
u_ s'g} j:t'df nfUg] u?Tjan g} To; j:t'sf] ================== xf] .
3_ Ps lbgsf] ====== v08sf] 1 v08 ;donfO{ 1 ;]s]08 elgG5 .
ª_ a:t'sf] lk08nfO{ ======= n] gflkG5 .

s_ cfwfe"t PsfO v_ lsnf]u|fd u_ tf}n 3_ 86,400 ª_ ef}lts t/fh'

@= tn lbOPsf pQ/x?dWo] ;xL pQ/ 5fg M

s_ lk08sf] cfwf/e"t k|fdfl0fs PsfO s'g\ xf] <

c_ u|fd cf_ lsnf]u|fd O_ lSjG6n O{_ 6g
v_ j:t'sf] tf}n s'g\ pks/0faf6 gflkG5<
c_ ef}lts t/fh' cf_ sdfgL t/fh' O_ lad t/fh' O{_ 6kKofg t/fh'
u_ j}1flgsx?n] ;xL ;do gfKg s'g\ 38L k|of]u ub{5g\ <
c_ ;fwf/0f 38L cf_ l8lh6n 38L O_ P6f]lds 38L O{_ Sjfh{ 38L
3_ tnsf dWo] s'g\ tThGo PsfO xf] <
c_ ld6/ cf_ lsnf]u|fd O_ ;]s]08 O{_ h'n
s_ lsnf]u|fd v_ sdfgL t/fh' u_ P6f]lds 38L 3_ h'n

#= km/s 5'6\ofpmM
s_ cfwf/e"t PsfO / tThGo PsfO
cfwf/e"t PsfO tThGo PsfO
! cGo gfksf PsfOdf e/ gkg]{ PsfOnfO{ ! cfwf/e"t PsfOaf6 ag]sf
cfwf/e"t PsfO elgG5 . PsfOnfO{ tThGo PsfO elgG5 .
@ pbfx/0fM ld6/, lsnf]u|fd, ;]s08 . @ pbfx/0fM h'n, Go'6g, jf6, kf:sn .

lk08 tf}n
! j:t'df ePsf] kbfy{sf] hDdf ! j:t'nfO{ k[YjLn] cfkm\gf] s]Gb|lt/
kl/df0fnfO{ lk08 elgG5 . tfGg] annfO{ tf}n elgG5 .
 @ lk08nfO{ ef}lts t/fh'n] gflkG5 . @ tf}nnfO{ sdfgL t/fh'n] gflkG5 .
# lk08sf] dfg ;a} 7fpFdf ;dfg x'G5 . # tf}nsf] dfg 7fpF cg';f/ km/s km/s
x'G5 .
v_ lk08 / tf}n

$= 5f]6f] pQ/ n]vM

s_ ef}lts kl/df0f eg]sf] s] xf] <
dfkg u/]/ ul0ftLo ?kdf JoQm ug{ ;lsg] kl/df0fnfO{ ef}lts kl/df0f elgG5 .
pbfx/0f M nDafO{, lk08, ;do .
v_ lk08 s] nfO{ elgG5<
s'g} klg j:t'df ePsf] hDdf kbfy{sf] kl/df0fnfO{ lk08 elgG5 . o;nfO{ ef}lts t/fh'n]
gflkG5 .
u_ Ps lsnf]u|fd eGgfn] slt kl/df0fnfO{ hgfpF5 <
cGt//fli6«o gfktf}n ljefudf /flvPsf] Knfl6gd / Ol/l8od wft'af6 ag]sf] 9ssf]
lk08nfO{ Ps lsnf]u|fd elgG5 .
3_ j]usf] PsfO s] xf] <
j]usf] PsfO ld6/ k|lt ;]s]G8 (m/s) xf] .
%= tn lbOPsf] kl/df0fnfO{ tf]lsPsf] PsfOdf abn M
s_ 4.5 306fnfO{ ;]s]G8df
4.5 306f Ö 4.5 ×60 ldg]6

Ö 4.5 × 60 × 60 ;]s]G8

Ö 16,200 ;]s]G8

v_ 2.5 lsnf]u|fdnfO{ u|fddf

1 lsnf]u|fd Ö 1000 u|fd
2.5 lsnf]u|fd Ö 2.5 ×1000 u|fd
Ö 2500 u|fd
u_ 1 lbgnfO{ ;]s]G8df
1 lbg Ö 24 306f
Ö 24×60 ldg]6
Ö 24 × 60 × 60 ;]s]G8
Ö

^_ dlgtfsf] lk08 40 kg 5 eg] pgsf] tf}n slt x'G5< - g Ö 9.8 m/s2 _ lx;fa u/ . - 392
N_
;dfwfg ,
dlgtfsf] lk08 - m_ Ö 40 kg
u'?Tjk|j]u - g_ Ö 9.8 m/s2
tf}n - F_ Ö <
z'qfg';f/,
F Ö mg
Ö 40 × 9.8
Ö 392 N
kf7 @
ult / k|j]u - Velocity and acceleration_

!= vfnL 7fpFdf ldNg] zAb e/M

s_ PsfO ;dodf lglZrt lbzflt/ kf/ u/]sf] b'/LnfO{ ========== elgG5 .

v_ PsfO ;dodf ============ ePsf] kl/jt{gnfO{ k|j]u elgG5 .
u_ C0ffTds k|j]unfO{ ========= elgG5 .
s_ cf};t ult v_ ultdf u_ ultx|f;

@= kl/efiff n]v M

s_ cf};t ult
PsfO ;dodf lglZrt lbzfdf kf/ u/]sf] b'/LnfO{ cf};t ult elgG5 .
v_ ;fk]lIfs ult
Pp6f a:t'sf] ultnfO{ cGo j:t'sf] ult;+u t'ngf ul/Psf] ultnfO{ ;fk]lIfs ult elgG5 .
u_ ult
PsfO ;dodf s'g} lglZrt lbzfdf kf/ ug]{ b'/LnfO{ ult elgG5 .

#= km/s 5'6\ofpmM
s_ cf};t ult / ;fk]lIfs ult
cf};t ult ;fk]lIfs ult
! PsfO ;dodf lglZrt lbzflt/ kf/ u/]sf] ! ;fk]lIfs ljGb'sf] t'ngfdf JoQm ul/Psf]
b'/LnfO{ cf};t ult elgG5 . s'g} j:t'sf] ultnfO{ ;fk]lIfs ult elgG5 .
@ ul0ftLo z'q @ ul0ftLo z'q
Pp6} lbzfdf eP,

ljkl/t lbzfdf eP,

k|j]u ultx|f;
! k|lt PsfO ;dodf x'g] ultdf x'g] kl/jt{g ! C0ffTds k|j]unfO{ ultx|f; elgG5 .
b/nfO{ k|j]u elgG5 .
 @ o;sf] dfg wgfTds x'G5 . @ o;sf] dfg C0ffTds x'G5 .
v_ k|j]u / ultx|f;

$= Ps zAbdf pQ/ b]pm M

s_ PsfO ;dodf ePsf] :yfgfGt/0fdf ePsf] kl/jt{g
ult
v_ ult kl/jt{gsf] b/
k|j]u
u_ k|j]usf] PsfO
ld6/ k|lt ju{ ;]s]G8 - m/s2_

%= 5f]6f] pQ/ b]pm M

s_ k|j]u eg]sf] s] xf] <
PsfO ;dodf x'g] ult kl/jt{gsf] b/nfO{ k|j]u elgG5 .
v_ ultx|f; eGgfn] s] a'lemG5 <
C0ffTds k|j]unfO{ ultx|f; elgG5 .
u_ ;fk]lIfs rfnnfO{ pbfx/0f ;lxt JofVof u/ .
;fk]lIfs ljGb'sf] t'ngfdf JoQm ul/Psf] j:t'sf] rfnnfO{ ;fk]lIfs rfn elgG5 .
s'g} b'O{ a:t'x? ljkl/t lbzflt/ uO/x]sf] 5 eg] ;fk]lIfs rfn lgsfNg ultx? hf]8\g'k5{ .

s'g} b'O{ a:t'x? Ps}lt/ uO/x]sf] 5 eg] ;fk]lIfs rfn lgsfNg

ltgLx?sf] ult 36fpg'k5{ .

3_ ;fk]lIfs ljGb'nfO{ kl/eflift u/ .

j:t'x?sf] rfnnfO{ t'ngf ug{ lglZrt ljGb' rflxG5 . o;nfO{ ;fk]lIfs ljGb' elgG5 .

^_ tnsf ul0ftLo ;d:ofx? ;dfwfg u/M

s_ Pp6f uf8Lsf] ult 20 m/s k"j{ / csf]{ uf8Lsf] ult 15 m/s klZrdlt/ 5 . b'O{ cf]6f
uf8Lx? Ps} ;dodf Pp6} 7fpFaf6 u'8\bf 2 ldg]6kl5 ltglx?n] slt b'/L kf/ ub{5g\ ,
tL b'O{ uf8L larsf] b'/L slt x'G5< - 2400 k"j{ , 1800 klZrd, 4200 m _
;dfwfg ,
klxnf] uf8Lsf] ult - VA _ Ö 20 m/s
 bf];|f] uf8Lsf] ult - VB _ Ö 15 m/s
;do - t_ Ö 2 min
Ö 2 × 60 sec
= 120 sec

z'qfg';f/,
klxnf] uf8Ln] kf/ ug]{ b'/L Ö VA × t
Ö 20× 120
Ö 2400 m
bf];|f] uf8Ln] kf/ ug]{ b'/L Ö VB × t
Ö 15× 120
Ö 1800 m
ljkl/t lbzfdf uPsf] ePsf]n],
uf8L aLrsf] b'/L Ö klxnf] uf8Ln] kf/ u/]sf] b'/L ± bf];|f] uf8Ln]
kf/ u/]sf] b'/L
Ö 2400 m + 1800 m
Ö 4200 m

v_ Pp6f df]6/;fOsnn] 5 ldg]6df 2.4 km b'/L kf/ u5{ eg] o;sf] cf};t ult lgsfn . -
8m/s_
;dfwfg ,
kf/ u/]sf] b'/L - s _ Ö 2.4 km
= 2.4 ×1000 m
= 2400 m
;do - t_ Ö 5 min
Ö 5 × 60 sec
= 300 sec

z'qfg';f/,

2400
Ö 300
Ö 8 m/s
u_ l:y/ cj:yfaf6 rNg ;'? u/]sf] uf8Lsf] ult 10 ;]s]G8kl5 20 m/s k'u]5 eg] To;sf] k|
j]u slt xf]nf< - 2m/s2_
;dfwfg ,
;'?sf] ult - u _ Ö 0 m/s
clGtd ult - v _ Ö 20 m/s
;do - t _ Ö 10 s
k|j]u (a) = <

z'qfg';f/,
v−u
a=
t
20−0
Or, a=
10
20
Or, a=
10
Or, a=2
2
∴ a=2 m/s

3_ l:y/ cj:yfaf6 rNg ;'? u/]sf] uf8Lsf] ult 5 ;]s]G8kl5 4 m/s2 k'u]5 eg] o;sf]
clGtd ult slt xf]nf< pQm cjlwdf slt b'/L kf/ u/]5< lx;fa u/ . - 20m/s , 50 m_
;dfwfg ,
;'?sf] ult - u _ Ö 0 m/s
k|j]u - a _ Ö 4 m/s2
;do - t _ Ö 5 s
clGtd ult (v) = <
kf/ u/]sf] b'/L -s_ Ö <
z'qfg';f/, km]l/,
 v=u+at 1
s=ut+ at2
Or, v=0+4×5 2
Or, v=0+20 1
Or, s=0×5+ ×4×5×5
Or, v=20 2
∴ v=20 m/s Or, s =0+2×5×5
Or, s= 0+50
Or, s= 50
∴ s=50 m

ª_ ;dfg ultdf /x]sf Pp6f sf/n] a|]s nufpFbf 1 m/s2 ultx|f; eO{ 5 s df sf/ /f]lsof]
eg] ;'?sf] ult slt xf]nf< - 5m/s _
;dfwfg ,
ultx|f; - r _ Ö 1 m/s2
k|j]u - a _ Ö - 1 m/s2
;do - t _ Ö 5 s
clGtd ult (v) = 0 m/s
;'?sf] ult - u _ Ö <

z'qfg';f/,
v=u+at
Or, 0=u−1×5
Or, 0=u−5
Or, 5= u
Or, u=5
∴ u=5 m/s

r_ Pp6f sf/ 70 km/hr sf] ultdf k"j{lt/ / csf]{ sf/ 50 km /hr sf] ultdf klZrdlt/ u'8]5
eg] ltgLx?sf] ;fk]lIfs ult lgsfn . - 120 km/hr _
 ;dfwfg ,
klxnf] sf/sf] ult - VA _ Ö 70 km/hr
bf];|f] sf/sf] ult - VB _ Ö 50 km/hr
z'qfg';f/,
ljkl/t lbzflt/ u'l8/x]sf] eP/,
;fk]lIfs ult Ö VA + VB
Ö 70 + 50
Ö 120 km/hr

5_ Pp6f sf/ 60 km/hr sf] ultdf / csf]{ sf/ 80 km /hr sf] ultdf Pp6} lbzflt/ u'l8/x]sf
5g\ eg] ltgLx? larsf] ;fk]lIfs ult lgsfn . - 20 km/hr _

;dfwfg ,
klxnf] sf/sf] ult - VA _ Ö 60 km/hr
bf];|f] sf/sf] ult - VB _ Ö 80 km/hr
z'qfg';f/,
Pp6} lbzflt/ u'l8/x]sf] eP/,
;fk]lIfs ult Ö VB - VA
Ö 80 - 60
Ö 20 km/hr