Land Pooling Manual

!
= hUuf PsLs/0fsf] kl/efiff

xfn g]kfndf eO/x]sf] zx/Ls/0f olt Hofb} c:tJo:t 5ls
g]kfnLn] zx/sf] kl/efiff g} x'n, k"jf{wf/sf] ckof{Kttf tyf ;8sdf
oqtq y'kfl/Psf kmf]x/d}nf elgg yfn]sf] 5 . o; ;d:ofaf6 d'lQm
kfpg af6f], 9n, v'nfIf]q h:tf k"jf{wf/x¿sf] ljsf; lgdf{0f ug{
cTofjZos b]lvG5 . oL k"jf{wf/x¿ pknAw u/fpg] ;/sf/L k|of;
;|f]tsf] sdL / hUuf pknAw u/fpg] sfo{hl6ntfn] ubf{ k|efjsf/L x'g
;ls/x]sf] 5}g . ;fy}, xfnsf] k/Dk/fut t/Lsfn] af6f]3f6f], 9n,
v'nfIf]q cflb pknAw u/fpFbf s;}nfO{ w]/} kmfObf x'G5 eg] s;}nfO{ sd
kmfObf x'g]dfq xf]Og lj:yflkt g} x'g'kg]{;Dd u/L dsf{ kg]{ ub{5 .
o; kl/l:yltdf hUuf PsLs/0f Ps clt pko'Qm ljlwsf] ¿kdf
cfPsf] 5 h;n] ljsf; ug{ ;/sf/L ;|f]tdf lge{/ gk/L ;'ne t/Lsfn]
k"jf{wf/sf] ljsf; lgdf{0fsf] vr{ / cfjZos hUuf :yfgLo
hUufwgLx¿af6} Joxf]g]{ Joj:yf ldnfpF5 .
æljleGg JolQm Pjd\ ;+3;+:yfx¿sf] :jfldTjdf /x]sf hUuf
hUufwgLx¿s} ;lqmo ;xeflutf tyf k|fKt x'g] nfesf] cg'kftdf hUuf
of]ubfg lbg] u/L Pp6} lsQf agfO{ To;df af6f]3f6f], 9n, v'nf tyf cGo
;fd'bflos :ynx¿ h:tf ef}lts k"jf{wf/x¿sf] Joj:yf u/L rf/kf6]
ldn]sf ljsl;t lsQfx¿df k'glj{efhg u/L ;fljssf hUufwgLx¿nfO{ g}
lkmtf{ lbg] sfo{’’ nfO{ hUuf PsLs/0f eGg] a'lemG5 . hUuf PsLs/0fnfO{
;fj{hlgs–lghL ;fem]bf/Lsf] Ps pQd pbfx/0fsf] ¿kdf lng ;lsG5 .
o;df hUufsf] cfsf/, :yfgnfO{ rSnfaGbLsf] dfWodaf6
;fljssf] eGbf a9L pkof]uL x'g]u/L :t/Lo af6f]3f6f], 9n, v'nf tyf
cGo ;fd'bflos :ynx¿ h:tf ef}lts k"jf{wf/x¿ pknAw ePsf rf/kf6]
ldn]sf lsQfx¿ l;h{gf ul/G5 .
-1-
hUuf PsLs/0f cfof]hgf ;~rfng sfo{ljlw
af6f]3f6f], 9n, v'nf tyf ;fd'bflos :ynx¿ h:tf ef}lts
k"jf{wf/x¿sf] :t/ :jod\ hUufwgLx¿n] cfˆgf] cfjZostf tyf cf}sft
cg';f/ lgwf{/0f u/L To;sf] ;Dk"0f{ nfut klg pkef]Qmfx¿ :jod\n]
cfk"mnfO{ k|fKt x'g] nfesf] cg'kft cg';f/ hUuf of]ubfg u/L Joxf]b{5g\
/ sf]xL hUufwgL o; sfo{qmdaf6 lj:yflkt x'g] kl/l:yltsf] l;h{gf
x'Fb}g .
gu/ ljsf; P]g, @)$% sf] bkmf !@-@_ df gu/ ljsf; of]hgf
If]qleq e"–pkof]u k|j4{g ug{ af6f], 9n, kfs{ cflb h:tf ef}lts
k"jf{wf/x¿ hg;xeflutf h'6fO{ ljsf;lgdf{0f ug]{ sfo{sf] ¿kdf hUuf
ljsf; sfo{qmd cGtu{t hUuf PsLs/0fsf] sfg"gL kl/efiff lbOPsf] 5 .
-2-
@= hUuf PsLs/0fsf kmfObfx¿
xfn a9\bf] hg;ª\Vofsf] ;fy} plrt af6f]3f6f], 9nljgf
cJojl:yt t/Lsfn] lsQfsf6 u/L s[lif hUufnfO{ 38]/Ldf kl/0ft ug]{
k|lqmof Ps 7"nf] ;d:ofsf] ¿kdf /x]sf] b]lvG5 . kmn:j¿k ;fF3'/f tyf
afËfl6Ëf Tof] klg vfN6fv'N6Ln] el/k"0f{, v'nf Pjd\ cGo ;fd'bflos
:ynx¿sf] cefj, 9n tyf ljh'nLsf] nfOgh:tf ef}lts k"jf{wf/x¿sf]
nflu ;fj{hlgs hUufsf] cefj eO{ nyflnË t/Lsfn] ljsf; ePsf
a:tLx¿ Ps k|sf/n] g]kfnL zx/x¿sf kl/rfos x'g yfn]sf 5g\ .
zx/LIf]qleqsf 7"nf / s[lif k|of]uhgdf /x]sf lsQfx¿ zx/L
k"jf{wf/x¿sf] cefjdf sd pkof]uL x'g] ePsf] / ;fgf 38]/Lx¿sf] s'/f
ubf{ afËf]l6Ëf], nfDrf], tLgs'g] cfsf/sf lsQfx¿ zx/L ljsf;df Ps
68\sf/f] ;d:ofsf] ¿kdf /x]sf 5g\ .
o; cj:yfaf6 d'Qm x'g ;/sf/, :yfgLo lgsfo Pjd\ :jod\
pkef]Qmfx¿n] k|of; ul//x]sf] ePtfklg tL k|of;x¿ ljleGg sf/0fn]
k|efjsf/L x'g ;ls/x]sf] lyPg . o;f] x'gfsf d'Vo sf/0fx¿ Ù
!_ k"jf{wf/ pknAw u/fpg] ;/sf/L ljifout lgsfox¿sf] ckof{Kt
ah]6 .
@_ tL lgosfx¿aLr cfk;L ;dGjoljgf eO/x]sf Psn k|of; .
#_ :yfgLo lgsfox¿sf] ckof{Kt ah]6 .
$_ zx/L If]qsf hUufsf] pRr d"No / d"Noa[l4 b/ .
%_ k/Dk/fut t/Lsfn] hUuf clwu|x0f u/L ;8s lgdf{0f ubf{
s;}nfO{ w]/} / s;}nfO{ sd kmfObf x'g] u/L c;dfg nfe k'Ug] /
sf]xLsf]xL t lj:yflkt ;d]t x'g'kg]{ kl/l:ylt l;h{gf eO{ hUuf
clwu|x0f sfo{ nf]slk|o gx'g' .
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^_ k"jf{wf/x¿ ljz]if u/L af6f], 9n, v'nfIf]qdf ul/g] nufgL
;/sf/n] dfq Joxf]g'{kg]{ . nfeflGjtx¿af6 nfut c;'nLsf]
Joj:yf gx'g' .
pk/f]Qm kl/l:yltaf6 l56} kl/jt{g x'g] s'g} ;Defjgf b]lvFb}g
eg] tL sf/0fx¿n] ubf{ xfd|f zx/x¿ olt c:tJo:y /x]sf5g\ ls w]/}
g]kfnLx¿ c:tJo:t, eL8 tyf kmf]x/nfO{ g} cfTd;ft\ u/L zx/L hLjg
latfpg afWo dfq ePsf 5}gg\, a? g]kfnLn] c:tJo:t, eL8 tyf
oqtq kmflnPsf kmf]x/nfO{ g} zx/sf] kl/efiffsf] ¿kdf lng yfn]sf 5g\ .
o; cj:yfdf hUuf PsLs/0f Pp6f o:tf] k|lqmofsf] ¿kdf
b]lvPsf] 5 h;n] dfly plNnlvt ;a} kl/l:yltsf] afah'b klg hUuf
rSnfaGbLsf] dfWodaf6 Jojl:yt / of]hgfa4 zx/ ljsf; ug{ ;lsG5
eGg] bzf{pF5 . o;af6 lgDg s'/fx¿df kmfObf k'Ug] x'G5 Ù
!_ Jojl:yt zx/sf] lglDt cfjZos af6f]3f6f], 9n, v'nf Pjd\
cGo ;fj{hlgs :ynsf] nflu hUuf pknAw x'g] .
@_ af6f]3f6f], 9n tyf cGo k"jf{wf/x¿ pkef]Qmfx¿sf] rfxgf
cg'¿k x'g] u/L tL k"jf{wf/x¿sf] :t/ / ;dLktf cg';f/ nfesf]
cg'kft cg';f/sf] of]ubfgaf6 k|fKt pgLx¿s} vr{df ljsf;
ul/g] .
#_ o;f] ubf{ afXo cg'bfgsf] cfzfdf w]/} jif{;Dd k"jf{wf/x¿af6
jl~rt eO/xg' kg]{ cj:yf g/xg] .
$_ hUuf a9L pkof]uL Pjd\ d"Nojfg\ x'g], cyf{t\ :t/Lo 38]/Lsf]
cfk"lt{df j[l4 x'g] .
%_ yk x'g] k"jf{wf/x¿sf] cg'kftdf hUufwgLx¿n] lbPsf] ;xof]udf
6f]n l5d]ssf] efjgf cg';f/ zx/L k"jf{wf/sf] ;fy} a:tL
ljsf; x'g] ub{5 .
^_ hUuf wgLx¿n] of]ubfg u/]sf] hUufsf] s]xL c+z nfut c;'nL
ug{ 5'§ofPsf ljsl;t 38]/Lx¿ laqmL u/L cfPsf] /sdn]
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cfof]hgfsf] vr{ kl/k"lt{ ul/g] x'gfn] cfˆg} ;|f]tdf lge{/ /xg]
l;4fGtsf] cfwf/df cfof]hgf ;~rfng ug{ ;lsG5 .
&_ :yfgLo ;|f]t kl/rfngaf6 ef}lts k"jf{wf/ ljsf;df nufgL eO{
:yfgLo afl;Gbfx¿sf] nflu /f]huf/Lsf cj;/x¿ pknAw x'g]
ub{5g\ .
*_ :yfgLo ;d'bfosf] hghLjg / b}lgs sfdsfhdf vf;} k|lts"n
c;/ kb}{g x'G5, lsgeg] lgdf{0f sfo{ eO/x]sf] a]nf :yfgLo
hUufwgLx¿ cGoq ;g'{kg]{ cj:yf cfpFb}g / ;fljs lqmofsnfk
;'rf?¿kn] ;~rfng ug{ ;lsg] x'G5 .
(_ ;Dk"0f{ cfof]hgf If]q g} rfSnfaGbLsf] dfWodaf6 /fd|/L k'gM
lsQfsf6 eO{ efjL k"jf{wf/ ljsf;sf] nflu cem a9L s'zn
kl/j]z tof/ x'G5 .
!)_ o;n] cJojl:yt zx/L lj:tf/ qmdnfO{ lgoGq0f ub{5 .
!!_ cfsf/k|sf/ gldn]sf] hUufnfO{ rf/kf6] ldn]sf] csf/df kl/0ft
ub{5 . ;Dk"0f{ zx/L jftfj/0f tyf hLjg:t/df 7"nf] ;'wf/
NofpF5 . ljsf; sfo{df :yfgLo hgtfnfO{ k|f]T;flxt ub{5 /
hUufsf] pkof]lutfsf] ;fy} ;Dk"0f{ If]qsf] dxŒj clea[l4 ub{5 .
!@_ 5/l5d]ssf If]qdf klg hg;xeflutfsf] cfwf/df hUufsf]
PsLs/0f ug{ k|f]T;fxg ldN5 .
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-6-
#= hUuf PsLs/0f ;DefJo If]q klxrfg
;DefJo hUuf PsLs/0f cfof]hgf :ynsf] klxrfg / 5gf}6nfO{
ljlw / cfwf/x¿ u/L lgDg b'O{ v08df ljefhg ug{ ;lsG5 .
#=! hUuf PsLs/0f cfof]hgf If]q 5gf}6 ljlw
hUuf PsLs/0f cfof]hgff :yn 5gf}6 ljlwnfO{ lgDg tLg
r/0fdf ljefhg ug{ ;lsG5 M–
#=!=! j:t'l:ylt ;Íng tyf cWoog
zx/Ls/0fsf] nflu pko'Qm :yn OlËt u/]sf] gSzf, of]hgf,
k|ltj]bg, ef}lts of]hgf tyf e"–pkof]u of]hgf k|ltj]bgx¿sf]
;Íngsf ;fy} ;DalGwt If]qsf lsQf gfkL / 6f]kf] gSzfx¿
tyf xjfO kmf]6f] ljZn]if0fn] klg ;DefJo cfof]hgf :yn
klxrfg / 5gf}6 ug{ d2t k'Ub5 .
#=!=@ k/fdz{
:yfgLo hUufwgLx¿sf] ;fy;fy} zx/L ljsf;;Fu ;DalGwt
lgsfo, gu/kflnsf, ufpF ljsf; ;ldlt, lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt,
dfnkf]t, gfkL sfof{nox¿, zx/L ljsf; tyf ejg lgdf{0f
ljefusf l8lehg sfof{no / zx/L k"jf{wf/ tyf ;]jf ;'ljwf
k|bfg ug]{ cGo ;+3;+:yfx¿;Fusf] k/fdz{af6 klg s'g e]sdf
hUuf PsLs/0f cfof]hgf ;~rfng ug{ pko'Qm x'G5 eGg]
ljifodf lgisif{ lgsfNg ;xof]u k'Ub5 . zx/L If]q ljsf;
of]hgfnfO{ Jojxfl/s agfpg o:tf] k/fdz{n] d2t k'¥ofpF5 .
#=!=# :ynut cWoog
;DalGwt If]qsf] :ynut cWoogaf6 s'g If]q xf]rf], prf],
km/flsnf] / lgs6 eljiodf zx/Ls/0f stflt/ a9\b} hfg] k|jn
;Defjgf /x]sf] 5 / xfn ljsf;sf] ultljlw stflt/ 5 eGg]
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s'/f k|i6 x'g] / o:tf :ynut lg/LIf0f ljZn]if0faf6 cfof]hgf
If]q klxrfg ug{ d2t k'Ub5 .
#=@ ;DefJo hUuf PsLs/0f If]q klxrfgsf cfwf/x¿ Ù
hUuf PsLs/0f If]qsf] klxrfg k|fljlws Pj+ ;fdflhs
cwf/x¿df ug'{kb{5 . k|fljlws b[li6sf]0faf6 pko'Qm /
hg;d'bfon] ;sf/fTds 7fg]sf] If]qnfO{ k|fyldstf lbO{
cfof]hgf If]qsf] klxrfg ug'{ pko'Qm x'G5 .
#=@=! k|fljlws cfwf/x¿Ù
! lgs6 eljiodf zx/Ls/0f x'g] ;DefJo If]q .
@ zx/ pGd'v ;fgf zx/ Pjd\ ahf/ If]q .
# pj{/ s[lif If]q gePsf] If]q .
$ gbL–gfnfaf6 gf]S;fg ug{ g;Sg] prf If]q .
% k|d'v zx/L If]q;Fu af6f]n] hf]l8Psf] jf hf]8\g sd vr{
nfUg] If]q .
^ vfg]kfgL cfk"lt{ ug{ ;xh If]q .
& s'g} ef}lts of]hgfx¿n] hUuf ljsf; ug{ lglb{i6 u/]sf] If]q .
* k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0fsf] nflu ;|f]t h'6\g ;Sg] If]q .
( 38]/L hUufsf] a]rlavg / lsQfsf6 tLj| ePsf] If]q .
!) kmf6km'6 ejg lgdf{0f z'¿ ePsf] t/ clwsf+z vfnL /x]sf] If]q .
!! cfof]hgf z'¿ x'g'cl3sf] t'ngfdf kl5 huufsf] d"No w]/}
j[l4 x'g] ck]lIft If]q .
!@ 7"nf7"nf lsQf / cfsf/k|sf/ gldn]sf lsQfx/ w]/} ePsf
If]qx¿
-8-
#= ;DefJo hUuf PsLs/0f If]q klxrfg
#=@=@ ;fdflhs cfwf/x¿Ù
! hUuf PsLs/0f cfof]hgfnfO{ :yfgLo hUufwgLx¿af6
;xof]u Pjd\ ;dy{g kfpg ;lsg] If]q .
@ :yfgLo hgk|ltlgwx¿ Pjd\ /fhg}lts kf6L{x¿ cfof]hgfk|lt
;sf/fTds / k|lta4 ePsf] If]q .
# hUufwgLx¿ / df]xLx¿ ;lhn} klxrfg x'g ;Sg] If]q .
$ hUufwgL / df]xLx¿ sd ePsf] If]q .
% ;d'bfodf ldn]/ a:g] k|lta4 hUufwgL tyf df]xLx¿ w]/}
ePsf] If]q .
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- 10 -
$= hUuf PsLs/0fsf k"j{zt{x¿
hUuf PsLs/0f ;kmn x'g lgDg kl/l:yltx¿nfO{ k"j{zt{sf] ¿kdf
lng ;lsG5 Ù
$=! hUufwgLx¿sf] ;xdlt
hUuf PsLs/0f ;kmn x'g cfof]hgf If]qsf hUufwgLx¿sf]
;xdlt lgtfGt h?/L x'G5 . gu/ ljsf; P]gsf] bkmf !@ cg';f/ klg
slDtdf %!Ü hUufwgL tyf df]xLx¿sf] ;xdltdf dfq hUuf ljsf;
kl/of]hgf ;~rfng ug{ ;lsg] ls6fg u/]sf] 5 .
$=@ ;+:yfsf] Ifdtf
hUuf PsLs/0f cfof]hgf ;~rfng ug]{ lgsfosf] sfg"gL
clwsf/ k|i6 x'g' cfjZos 5 . ;j{;fwf/0fsf] rf;f] / lxt dWogh/df
/fvL zx/L ljsf; of]hgf th'{df Pj+ sfof{Gjog ug{ zx/L ljsf;
of]hgfsf] nflu hUuf clwu|x0f / ljsl;t 38]/L a]Rg], cfof]hgf
th'{dfsf] ;dofjlw;Dd lgdf{0f sfo{ /f]Ssf /fVg] / lsQfsf6 ug{ /f]s
nufpg], ejg lgdf{0f lgb]{lzsf tyf dfkb08 agfpg] cflb sfg"gL
clwsf/ sfof{Gjog ug]{ Ifdtf hUuf PsLs/0f cfof]hgf ;~rfng ug]{
lgsfodf /x]sf] jf k|fKt ePsf] cj:yfdf dfq hUuf PsLs/0f cfof]hgf
;~rfng ug{ ;lsG5 .
o;}u/L, hUuf PsLs/0f ug]{ lgsfodf pko'Qm hgzlQm
cfjZos x'G5 . hUuf PsLs/0f cfof]hgf ;~rfng ug{ bIf hgzlQm
vf; u/L cj{gKnfg/, cj{g l8hfOg/, l;len OlGhlgo/, cfls{6]S6,
;e]{o/, hg;Dks{ clws[t, hUuf k|zf;gdf cg'ejL sd{rf/Lx¿,
sfg"gljb / cy{zf:qL Pjd\ ;xfos k|fljlws sd{rf/Lx¿sf] cfjZostf
kb{5 . o;sf] cnfjf cg'ejL Joj:yfkssf] klg cToGt h?/L x'G5 .
- 11 -
cfof]hgf If]qsf] If]qkmn, hUufwgL tyf df]xL ;+Vof, lsQf ;ª\Vof w]/}
eP sfo{af]em klg a9\g] x'G5 . ctM of]hgf 6f]nLdf sfo{af]emsf]
cfwf/df lgDg sfo{ ug{ ;Sg] u/L sd{rf/Lsf] ;+Vof tyf bIftf /
cg'ejsf] cfjZos x'G5 .
– of]hgf If]qsf] ;j]{If0f u/L lsQf–gfkL gS;f / 6f]kf] gS;fnfO{
cBfjlws agfpg],
– of]hgf If]q ;d]6]sf ljleGg lsQf gfkL gS;fx¿ hf]8L df]hfPs
gS;f tof/ kf/L cfwf/ gS;f tof/ ug]{,
– hUufsf] df]7 >]:tf, lsQf gfkLsf] ljj/0f -lkmN8 a's_ jf Kn6
/lhi6/ cflb cg';"rL–@ cg';f/sf] kmf/ddf ;Íng u/L
hUufwgL tyf df]xLsf] nut tyf ult lghL :jfldTjsf, u'7L
Pj+ ;/sf/L tyf ;fj{hlgs hUuf klxrfg u/L clen]v /fVg] .
– hUufwgL / df]xLx¿nfO{ hUuf PsLs/0f cfof]hgfdf pTk|]l/t
u/fpg ljleGg k|rf/–k|;f/ Pjd\ cGt/lqmof sfo{qmd ;~rfng
ug{],
– hUuf rSnfjGbL gS;f tof/ ug]{,
– ef}lts k"jf{wf/ ljsf; lgdf{0fsf] nflu ah]6 Joj:yf ug]{,
– ef}lts k"jf{wf/ vf;u/L af6f], 9n, vfg]kfgL v'nfIf]q cflbsf]
ljsf; lgdf{0f ug]{,
– gofF ls:tf gfkL gS;f, hUufsf] df]7 >]itf, lsQfsf] ljj/0f
-lkmN8 a's_ gfkL Kn6 /lhi6/ tof/ kfg{ ;DjlGwt dfnkf]t /
gfkL sfof{nosf] ;xof]u h'6fpg] .
$=# /fhg}lts k|lta4tf tyf ;xof]u
s'g} klg cfof]hgf ;kmn kfg{nfO{ cfof]hgf;Fu ;DalGwt If]qsf
hgk|ltlglw / /fhg}lts kf6L{x¿sf] cfof]hgfk|lt ;sf/fTds efjgf
Pjd\ cfof]hgf sfof{Gjog u/L hgtfsf] lxtdf sfo{ ug{ k|ltj4 ePsf]
x'g' clgjfo{ 5 .
- 12 -
%= hUuf PsLs/0f If]q 5gf}6
!= hUuf PsLs/0f If]qsf] 5gf]6 lgDg k|sf/af6 k|f/De ug{ ;lsG5 Ù
%=! hUufwgLx¿n] dfu u/]sf] If]q
gu/ ljsf; P]g, @)$% -;+;f]wg ;lxt_ df gu/ ljsf;
;ldlt, :yfgLo lgsfo Pjd\ Ohfht k|fKt ;+3;+:yfaf6 klg hUuf
PsLs/0f sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug{ ;lsg] k|fjwfg /x]sf]n] ltgLx¿n] gu/
ljsf; P]g, @)$% sf] bkmf !@ -s_ cg';f/ hUuf PsLs/0f sfo{qmd
;~rfng ug{ ;lsG5 . ;fy}, s'g} If]qsf hUufwgLx¿ tyf df]xLx¿n]
cfˆgf] If]qsf] ljsf; ul/kfpF egL zx/L ljsf; tyf ejg lgdf{0f
ljefu jf :yfgLo lgsfo jf gu/ ljsf; ;ldltdf dfu eO{ cfPsf]
v08df lgDg k|lqmofaf6 If]q 5gf}6 u/L hUuf PsLs/0f sfo{qmd
;~rfng ug]{af/] cf}krfl/s lg0f{o lng ;lsG5 .
x ;j{k|yd hUufwgLx¿ tyf df]xLx¿af6 hUuf PsLs/0f cfof]hgf
;~rfng ul/lbg] dfu ;lxtsf] lgj]bg k|fKt ul/G5 .
x k|fKt lgj]bg pk/ 5fgljg ug{ cfof]hgf:yn ;DjGwL tYofÍ /
gS;f cflb ;Íng ul/G5 .
x hUuf PsLs/0f ug{ pko'Qm x'g], gx'g]af/] ;DefJotf cWoog
ul/G5 .
x ;DefJo eP lsQf gS;fdf If]q lgwf{/0f ul/G5 .
x ;DjlGwt :yfgLo lgsfo / zx/L ;]jf;'ljwf pknAw u/fpg]
sfo{df ;+nUg ;/sf/L Pjd\ u}/;/sf/L ;+3;+:yfx¿;Fu 5nkmn
u/L /fo;'emfjsf ;fy ;dGjofTds 9+uaf6 sfo{qmd ;~rfng
ug]{af/] ljrf/ ljdz{ ul/G5 .
- 13 -
x 5fgljgsf] kl/0ffd / ;DefJotf cWoog tyf ;DalGwt
lgsfox¿sf] /fo;'emfjaf/] ;DalGwt hUuf wgLx¿ tyf
df]xLx¿nfO{ hfgsf/L lbO{ slDtdf %)Ü hUufwgL tyf
df]xLx¿sf] ;xdlt h'ufpg] sfd ul/G5 .
x sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug{ pko'Qm ePsf] ljj/0f / hUufwgL tyf
df]xLx¿sf] ;xdlt;fy hUuf PsLs/0f cfof]hgf ;~rfng ug]{
lg0f{ofy{ gu/ ljsf; ;ldlt jf gu/kflnsf jf]8{df k]z u/L
dfu ePsf] If]qdf hUuf PsLs/0f cfof]hgf ;~rfng ug]{af/]
cf}krfl/s lg0f{o ul/G5 .
%=@ :yfgLo lgsfon] tf]s]sf] If]q
cf–cfˆgf] If]qsf] zx/L ljsf;sf nflu pko'Qm 7fpFnfO{
gu/kflnsfn] hUuf PsLs/0fsf] dfWodaf6 zx/L ;]jf;'ljwfsf] ljsf; ug{
;lsg] sfg"gL Joj:yf :yfgLo :jfotzf;g P]g, @)%% Pjd\ gu/ ljsf;
P]g, @)$% -sf7df8f}+ pkTosfsf] xsdf sf= p= lj= P]g, @)$%_ df
Joj:yf ePsf]af6 gu/kflnsfn] hUuf PsLs/0fsf] nflu 7fpF lgwf{/0f ug{
;S5 . To;/L 5gf}6 ePsf] 7fpFsf] ;DefJotf cWoog ug{ cfjZos
tYofÍ gfkgS;f cflb ;Íng u/L ;DefJotf cWoog ul/G5 . ;DefJotf
cWoogaf6 hUuf PsLs/0f ug{ pko'Qm 7xl/Psf] If]qsf] of]hgfth'{df u/L
ljsf; ug{ zx/L ;]jf;'ljwf pknAw ug]{ u/fpg] sfo{df ;+nUg ;/sf/L
tyf u}/;/sf/L ;+3;+:yfx¿nfO{ klg ;+nUg u/fpg] p2]Zon] cGt/lqmof
u/L /fo;'emfj k|fKt ul/G5 . pko'{Qm cg';f/sf] sfdsf/jfxLaf/] ;DalGwt
hUufwgLx¿nfO{ ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf dfkm{t\ hfgsf/L lbO{ hUufwgL tyf
df]xLx¿sf] ;xdlt k|fKt u/L :yfgLo lgsfo cfkm}n] jf :yfgLo lgsfosf]
cg'/f]wdf gu/ ljsf; ;ldltn] cfof]hgf Joj:yfkg pk;ldlt u7g u/L
cfof]hgf ;~rfng ug{ ;Sg] x'G5 .
%=# g]kfn ;/sf/n] tf]s]sf] If]q
zx/L ljsf;sf] nflu pko'Qm 7xl/Psf If]qnfO{ :yfgLo ;|f]tsf]
kl/rfng u/L Jojl:yt zx/ ljsf; ug{ hUuf PsLs/0f ug]{ 7fpF
g]kfn ;/sf/n] 5gf}6 ug{ ;S5 . g]kfn ;/sf/n] 5gf}6 u/]sf] To:tf]
If]qdf hUuf ljsf; ug'{k/]df pQm If]qsf %)Ü eGbf a9L hUufwgL /
df]xLx¿sf] ;xdlt k|fKt ug'{ kg]{ x'G5 .
- 14 -
%= hUuf PsLs/0fdf If]q 5gf}6
%=$ :jLs[t u'?of]hgf jf ef}lts ljsf; of]hgfn] tf]s]sf] If]q Ù
ef}lts ljsf; of]hgf, e"–pkof]u of]hgf jf :yfgLo ljsf;
of]hgfåf/f zx/L ljsf; If]qsf] ¿kdf lgwf{l/t If]q jf gu/ ljsf;sf]
nflu cf/lIft If]qdf gu/ ljsf; ;ldlt jf zx/L ljsf; tyf ejg
lgdf{0f ljefusf] l8lehg sfof{non] hUuf PsLs/0f cfof]hgf ;~rfng
ug{ ;Sg]5 . ;DefJotf cWoogaf6 pko'Qm 7xl/Psf If]qsf hUufwgL
tyf df]xLx¿sf] ;xdlt h'6fO gu/ ljsf; P]g, @)$% sf] bkmf !@=!=@
cg';f/ hUuf PsLs/0f cfof]hgf ;~rfng ug{ ;lsG5 .
%=% cGo pko'Qm If]q
zx/L If]q ljsf; jf gofF If]qdf Jojl:yt / of]hgfa4 a:tL
ljsf; ug{ hUuf PsLs/0f If]q 5gf}6 ubf{ lgDg ljz]iftfx¿ ePsf]
7fpFsf] rog ug'{kg]{ x'G5 .
%=%=! zx/ lj:tf/ eO/x]sf] If]qÙ
zx/L If]qglhssf If]qdf ljsf;sf] rfk /x]sf] x'g ;S5 .
ef}lts ljsf; of]hgfsf] cefjdf To:tf If]qdf cJojl:yt a:tL
ljsf;sf] qmd z'¿ eO/x]sf] x'g;S5 . To:tf 7fpFdf hUuf
PsLs/0fsf] dfWodaf6 ef}lts k"jf{wf/sf] Joj:yf ul/lbFbf zx/L
If]qsf] of]hgfa4 ljsf; x'g hfg] x'gfn] o:tf :yfgsf] hUuf
PsLs/0f ug{ pko'Qm x'G5 .
%=%=@ vfnL hUufx¿ w]/} ePsf] If]qÙ
hUuf PsLs/0f ug]{ If]qsf] s]xL hUufdf dfq ejg lgdf{0f
ePsf] / clwsf+z hUuf vfnL /x]sf] If]qdf hUuf PsLs/0fsf]
dfWodaf6 of]hgfa4 ljsf; ug{ ;/n x'g] x'gfn] pko'Qm x'G5 .
%=%=# hUuf PsLs/0f ug{ pT;'s tyf ;xof]uL hUufwgLx¿ w]/} ePsf] If]qÙ
gu/ ljsf; P]g, @)$% cg';f/ hUuf PsLs/0f ug{ To;
7fpFsf %)Ü eGbf a9L hUufwgL tyf df]xLx¿sf] ;xdlt k|fKt
ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . ctM hUuf PsLs/0f ug]{ 7fpFsf hUufwgLx¿
- 15 -
of]hgfa4 ljsf; ug{ pT;'s ePsf] / of]hgfa4 ljsf; ug]{
sfo{df nfUg] vr{ / af6f], 9n, v'nf If]qsf] nflu rflxg] hUufsf]
nflu cfˆgf] hUufsf] s]xL c+z of]ubfg ug{ OR5's x'g'kb{5 .
%=%=$ cfsf/ gldn]sf hUuf w]/} ePsf] If]qÙ
s'g} klg If]qsf] e"–pkof]uaf6 clwstd kmfO{bf k|fKt ug{sf]
nflu hUufsf] cfsf/ ldn]sf, 38]/Lsf] df]x\8f / ulx/fO{ ldn]sf] /
;a} 38]/L;Dd af6f]3f6f], 9nsf] Joj:yf ug'{kg]{ x'G5 .
cfsf/k|sf/ gldn]sf] / af6f]3f6f], v'nfIf]q, 9n cflb gePsf] If]q
e"–pkof]u of]hgf nfu" u/L zx/L If]qsf] hUufsf] clwstd
kmfObf lng hUuf PsLs/0f ug{ pko'Qm x'G5 .
%=%=% hUufsf] pkof]lutf cTolws j[l4 ug{ ;lsg] If]qÙ
hUufsf] pkof]lutfdf cToflws a[l4sf] ;Defjgf ePsf] If]q
g} hUuf PsLs/0fsf] nflu pko'Qm dflgG5 / zx/L If]qleq jf
zx/L If]qsf] ;lGgs6 If]qdf /x]sf] e"–pkof]u qmdzM s[lifaf6
zx/L ljsf;sf] nflu cfjZos e"–pkof]udf kl/0ft x'g hfg]
qmdnfO{ Jojl:yt / of]hgfa4 ljsf; ug{ hUuf PsLs/0f
cfof]hgf ;~rfng ug{ pko'Qm x'G5 .
%=%=^ k"jf{wf/ pknAw u/fpg ;/n If]qÙ
zx/L k"jf{wf/ / ;]jf;'ljwf ;/n tl/sfn] pknAw u/fpg
;lsg] If]qdf hUuf PsLs/0f ubf{ nfut sd nfUg] x'gfn] To:tf]
If]qsf] 5gf}6 ul/G5 hxfF glhs}sf] 7fpFaf6 af6f], 9n, vfg]kfgL,
lah'nL ljt/0f nfO{gnfO{ g} lj:tf/ u/]/ nfg ;lsG5 . ctM
cfof]hgf If]qsf] jl/kl/ af6f], 9n, vfg]kfgL tyf lah'nL ljt/0f
nfOgsf] Joj:yf eO;s]sf] x'g' kb{5 .
- 16 -
^= If]q ljZn]if0f
hUuf PsLs/0fsf] nflu If]q ljZn]if0f ubf{ zx/L ljsf;sf]
ultljlw, ljBdfg e"–pkof]]u, df}h'bf ;]jf;'ljwf, hUufsf] vl/b–laqmL /
lsQfsf6df tLj|tfnfO{ ljz]if Wofg lbg'kg]{ x'G5 . To:t} ;]jf;'ljwf -
af6f]3f6f], 9n cflb_ o'Qm 38]/L hUuf / ;]jf;'ljwf ljlxg hUufsf]
pkof]lutf / d"Nodf s]slt leGgtf 5 eGg] klg ljZn]if0f ug'{kg]{ x'G5 .
hUuf PsLs/0fsf] nflu pko'Qm If]q 5gf}6 ubf{ To:tf If]qdf ;fj{hlgs
hUuf s] slt 5 / To:tf] ;fj{hlgs hUufsf] l:yltaf/] klg lgDg
cWoog ljZn]if0f ug'{kg]{ x'G5 .
^=!= ljsf; ultljlwÙ
zx/L ljsf;sf ultljlw ePsf] / lgs6 If]qdf gofF e"–
pkof]usf] nflu hUufsf] dfu /xG5 . zx/L ljsf;sf nflu rflxg]
ljleGg k|sf/sf gofF e"–pkof]usf nflu rflxg] hUuf PsLs/0fsf]
dfWodaf6 pknAw u/fO{ of]hgfa4 zx/L ljsf; ug{] ;DefJotf .
^=@= ljBdfg e"–pkof]uÙ
zx/leq zx/lgs6 If]qdf k/Dk/fut v]tL k|0ffnLaf6 clwstd
kmfObf k|fKt ug{ ;lsFb}g . af6f], 9n, vfg]kfgL, lah'nL cflbsf] Joj:yf
u/L ;fljs e"–pkof]u s[lifaf6 zx/L If]qsf] nflu cfjZos ljleGg e"–
pkof]udf kl/jt{g u/L zx/L e"–efusf] clwstd pkof]u hUuf
PsLs/0f sfo{qmd ;~rfngaf6 ug{ ;lsg] ;DefJotf .
^=#= df}h'bf k"jf{wf/ tyf ;]jf–;'ljwfsf] cj:yfÙ
zx/L ;]jf;'ljwfsf 6«+s nfOg /x]sf] jf lj:tf/ / ljsf; ug{
;lsg] If]qdf hUuf PsLs/0f ug{ ;/n / sd nfut nfUg] x'gfn] df}h'bf
zx/L ;]jf;'ljwfsf] cj:yfaf/] cWoog / ljZn]if0f x'g' clgjfo{ 5 . hUuf
wgLx¿af6 of]ubfg ul/g] k|ltzt lgwf{/0f ubf{ klg s'gs'g lsQfdf
s]s:tf lsl;dsf] zx/L ;]jf;'ljwfx¿ pknAw 5g\, ;f]sf] cWoog
- 17 -
ljZn]if0f x'g' h?/L x'G5 . k"jf{wf/ tyf ;]jf;'ljwf k|fKt hUuf /
;]jf;'ljwf ljxLg hUufsf] klxrfg ug]{ k|To]s lsQfdf s] s:tf] zx/L
k"jf{wf/ tyf ;]jf;'ljwfsf] Joj:yf 5 egL cg';"rL– # / $ cg';f/
ljZn]if0f ug]{ / k|To]s lsQfsf hUuf wgLx¿n] af6f], 9n kfs{sf] nflu
cfjZos hUuf / To;sf] ljsf; ug{ nfUg] nfut c;'nLsf] nflu
of]ubfg ul/g] hUufsf] k|ltzt PsLg ug{ cfjZos x'G5 . hUuf
PsLs/0fn] pknAw u/fpg] ;]jf;'ljwfsf] cfwf/df hUufwgLn] of]ubfg
ug]{ k|ltzt lgwf{/0f x'G5 . a9L ;'ljwf k|fKt ug]{n] a9L of]ubfg ug'{kg]{
x'G5 eGg] klxn] g} ;]jf;'ljwf pknAw ePsf lsQf hUufn] yk
;]jf;'ljwf afkt dfq hUuf of]ubfg ug'{kg]{ x'G5 .
^=$= ;fj{hlgs af6f], s'nf] tyf klt{ hUufsf] l:yltÙ
hUuf PsLs/0f If]qdf ;fj{hlgs af6f]3f6f], s'nf] tyf klt{
hUuf s], slt 5 / sxfFsxfF cJojl:yt 5 eGg]af/]df klg ljZn]if0f ug{
h?/L x'G5 . ;fljssf] af6f], 9n, klt{ hUuf cflbn] cf]u6]sf] If]q w]/}
eP hUufwgLx¿n] af6f], 9n tyf v'nf If]qsf] nflu of]ubfg ug]{
hUufsf] k|ltzt sd x'G5 .
^=%= hUufsf] cfsf/–k|sf/ / cjl:yltÙ
hUufsf] cfsf/k|sf/ / cjl:yltaf/] klg ljZn]if0f x'g' cToGt
h?/L x'G5 . klxn] g} ljsf; ePsf] 7fpF / ahf/ If]q glhssf hUufsf]
of]ubfg k|ltzt ljsl;t If]qaf6 6f9f /x]sf] hUufsf] of]ubfg k|ltzt
eGbf sd x'g] ub{5 . To:t} 7"nf] If]qkmn ePsf] hUufsf] of]ubfg
k|ltzt klg ;fgf] If]qkmnsf] hUufsf] of]ubfg k|ltzt eGbf a9L x'g]
ub{5 .
^=^= hUuf vl/b–laqmLsf] cj:yfÙ
hUufsf] vl/b laqmL w]/} ePsf] If]qdf lsQfsf6df a[l4 x'g] u5{
/ o;n] ;fljs e"–pkof]uaf6 gofF e"–pkof]udf uO/fv]sf] ;+s]t ub{5 .
vf;u/L ;fljs e"–pkof]u eGgfn] s[lif If]q a'lemG5 . gofF e"–pkof]u
eGgfn] cfjf;Lo, Jofkfl/s, ;+:yfut, pBf]u, zx/L k"jf{wf/sf If]q eGg]
a'‰g ;lsG5 . k|To]s lsQfsf] If]qkmn, cjl:ylt / e"–agf}6sf] ljZn]if0f
klg huuf PsLs/0fdf ul/g] rSnfjGbL gS;f tof/ kfg{ / af6f] 9n
cflbsf] Joj:yf ug{ cfjZos x'G5 .
- 18 -
&= hUuf PsLs/0f sfof{Gjog ljlw
&=! k|f/lDes hfFr
k|f/lDes hfFrdf lgDg ljz]iftfx¿ ePsf] If]qnfO{ hUuf PsLs/0f ug{
pko'Qm 7flgG5 .
– zx/ lj:tf/ eO/x]sf] If]q .
– ef}lts ljsf; of]hgfn] a:tL lj:tf/sf] nflu pko'Qm b]vfPsf]
If]q .
– tLj|tfsf ;fy hUuf lsga]r / lsQfsf6 eO/x]sf] If]q .
– ef}lts k"jf{wf/x¿ vf;u/L af6f], 9n geP/ ljsf; x'g
g;ls/x]sf] If]q .
– hUufwgL / df]xLx¿sf] klxrfg ;lhn};Fu ug{ ;lsg] If]q
– ljsf; of]hgfdf hg;xeflutf h'6fpg pT;'s ;d'bfo ePsf]
If]q .
&=@ ;DefJotf cWoog -sfo{ljlw ;+efJotf cWoog rf6{df klg
lbOPsf] 5_
k|f/lDes hfFraf6 pko'Qm 7xl/Psf 7fpFsf] k"0f{ ;DefJotf
cWoog lgDgfg';f/ ul/G5 .
s_ of]hgf If]qsf] lsQf gfkL gS;f ;Íng u/L of]hgf If]qleq
lghL :jldTjsf hUufsf] If]qkmn / ;fj{hlgs k|of]hgdf /x]sf]
hUufsf] If]qkmn kQf nufpg] . cg';"rL #,$ / % sf] gd"gf
tflnsf ;xof]uL x'g;S5 .
v_ lsQf gfkL gS;fdf ef}lts k"jf{wf/ ljsf;sf] k|f/lDes vfsf
sf]g]{ .
- 19 -
u_ k|f/lDes vfsfsf] cfwf/df af6f], 9n, v'nf If]qsf] nflu s]slt
hUufsf] cfjZostf kb{5 < PsLg ug]{ . cg';"rL ^ sf] tflnsf
;xof]uL x'g;S5 .
3_ ;fwf/0ftof ;a} lsQfx¿nfO{ af6f]3f6f] k'¥ofpg s'n If]qkmnsf]
!% b]lv @% k|ltzt hUuf cfjZos kb{5 eg] v'nf If]qsf] nflu
slDtdf % k|ltzt hUuf 5'6\ofpg' pko'Qm x'G5 .
ª_ af6f], jif]{9n / v'nf If]qsf] ljsf; lgdf{0f ug{ s], slt nfut
nfU5 eGg]af/] / k|f/lDes nfut Oli6d]6 tof/ ug]{ .
r_ cfof]hgf Joj:yfkg vr{ klg cg'dfg ug]{ . ljsf; lgdf{0f
vr{sf] nueu !)Ü cfof]hgf Joj:yfkgsf] nflu vr{ nfUg]
u/]sf] 5 .
5_ af6f], 9n / v'nfIf]qsf] ljsf;lgdf{0f vr{df cfof]hgf
Joj:yfkg vr{ hf]8L s'n cfof]hgf vr{sf] cg'dfg cg';"rL *
cg';f/sf] kmf/ddf ug]{ pko'Qm b]lvG5 .
h_ cfof]hgf sfof{Gjog ug{ cl3 / kl5sf] k"jf{wf/ ePsf hUuf
;Fu ldNbf]h'Nbf] hUufsf] d"No ljZn]if0f u/L cfof]hgfkl5sf]
ljsl;t 38]/Lsf] d"No k|ltOsfO{ s], slt nfUg] xf] < cg'dfg
ug]{ .
em_ cfof]hgfsf] s'n vr{ c;'nL ug{ s], slt ljsl;t 38]/L If]q
rflxG5 < c8sn ug]{ . ;fwf/0ftof zx/L If]qleq s'n
If]qkmnsf] & b]lv !) k|ltzt hUuf o;sf] nflu ljsl;t
38]/Lsf] ¿kdf 5'6\ofpg' kg]{ x'G5 .
`_ af6f], 9n / v'nf If]q Pjd\ ljsf;lgdf{0fsf] nfut c;'nL ug{
cf/lIft ug'{kg]{ hUuf ;d]t u/L s'n hUufsf] s], slt k|ltzt
hUuf cfof]hgf sfof{Gjogsf] nflu cfjZos kg]{ xf], PsLg ug]{
. ;fwf/0ftof @% b]lv #% k|ltzt hUuf cfof]hgf sfof{Gjogsf]
nflu cfjZos kb{5 .
- 20 -
6_ cfof]hgf ;~rfngsf] nflu rflxg] s'n If]qdf ;fj{hlgs
k|of]hgdf /x]sf] ;fj{hlgs hUufsf] If]qkmn s6fO{ hUufwgL
tyf df]xLx¿n] of]ubfg ug'{kg]{ hUufsf] k|ltzt PsLg ug]{ .
7_ hUuf wgLx¿n] of]ubfg ug'{kg]{ hUuf s6fO lkmtf{ kfpg]
ljsl;t 38]/Lsf] If]qkmn PsLg ug]{ .
8_ ;fljs cfof]hgfkl5 Ps OsfO{ hUufsf] d"Nodf s], slt /sd
kb{5 < d"No lgsfNg] .
9_ To;}u/L ;fljs Ps OsfO{ hUufaf6 cfof]hgfnfO{ of]ubfg
ug'{kg]{ hUuf s6fO lkmtf{ kfpg] ljsl;t 38]/Lsf] If]qkmnnfO{
cfof]hgfkl5sf] ljsl;t 38]/Lsf] d"Non] u'0fg u/L lkmtf{ ul/g]
ljsl;t 38]/Lsf] d"No lgsfNg] .
0f_ ;fljs hUufsf] d"No / ;fljs hUufafkt lkmtf{ kfpg] ljsl;t
38]/Lsf] d"No bfHg] .
t_ lkmtf{ kfpg] ljsl;t 38]/Lsf] pkof]lutf -d"No_ ;fljs hUufsf]
pkof]lutf -d"No_ eGbf a9L ePdf dfq hUUff wgLx¿nfO{ dgfpg
;/n x'G5 / cfof]hgf ;~rfng ug{ ;xh, pko'Qm jf plrt x'G5 .
hUuf PsLs/0f s'g} afx\o lgsfosf] ;xof]ulagf g} cfof]hgf
If]qleqsf ;a} hUufwgLx¿ ldnL :yfgLo ;|f]t kl/rfng u/L ul/G5 .
t;y{ zx/L k"jf{wf/sf] ljsf; Jojl:yt tyf of]hgfa4 tl/sfn] s'g}
afx\o /f]stf]s lagf ;'rf? ¿kn] ug{ ;lsg]5 / ;fljssf] eGbf a9L
x'g] x'gfn] hUuf PsLs/0f cfof]hgf ;~rfng ug{ ;DefJo /x]sf]af6
cfof]hgf ;~rfng ug{ cf}krfl/s lg0f{o lng ;/n x'G5 .
- 21 -
;DefJo cWoog rf6{
!= cfof]hgf If]q lgwf{/0f .
@= lsQf gfkL gS;f / hUufsf] nfut ;Íng .
#= lghL hUufsf] If]qkmn PsLg .
$= ;fj{hlgs hUufsf] PsLg .
%= Ans Knfg / ef}lts k"Jff{wf/ ljsf;sf k|f/lDes vfsf tof/ .
^= af6f], 9n, v'nfIf]qsf] nflu rflxg] If]qkmn PsLg .
&= af6f], 9n, v'nf If]qsf] ljsf;lgdf{0f ug{ nfug cg'dfg .
*= k"jf{wf/ ljsf;lgdf{0fsf] Joj:yfkg nfutsf] cg'dfg -;fdfGotM of]
cfof]hgfsf] s'n nfutsf] !)Ü nfU5_ .
(= cfof]hgfsf] s'n nfut vr{ PsLg .
!)= cfof]hgfkl5sf] ljsl;t 38]/Lsf] d"No ljZn]if0f u/L tf]lsG5 .
!!= cfof]hgfsf] s'n nfut c;'n ug{ s], slt ljsl;t 38]/L cf/lIft ug]{
PsLg .
!@= cfof]hgf ;~rfngsf] nflu cfjZos kg]{ hUufsf] s'n If]qkmn PsLg [-^+!!_–$] .
!#= cfof]hgfsf] nflu rflxg] hUufsf] If]qkmnaf6 ;fj{hflgs hUufsf] If]qkmn
s6fO{ hUufwgLx¿n] of]ubfg ug'{ kg]{ hUufsf] If]qkmn / k|ltzt PsLg .
!$= lkmtf{ kfpg] ljsl;t 38]/Lsf] If]qkmn / k|ltzt PsLg .
!%= cfof]hgfkl5sf] pkof]lutf -d"No_ df lkmtf{ kfpg] ljsl;t 38]/Lsf]
pkof]lutf -d"No_ of]hgfcl3sf] hUufsf] pkof]lutf -d"No_ ;Fu bfFlhG5 .
!^= lkmtf{ kfpg] hUufsf] pkof]lutf -d"No_ ;fljs hUufsf] pkof]lutf
-d"No_ eGbf a9L ePdf of]hgf ;~rfng ug'{ pko'Qm x'G5 .
- 22 -
&=#= k|f/lDes of]hgf th'{df / sfof{Gjog
lgDg k|lqmofx¿ k"/f u/L hUuf PsLs/0f cfof]hgf th'{df tyf lg0f{o
ul/G5 .
&=#=! ;j{k|yd gu/ ljsf; ;ldlt jf gu/kflnsfaf6 ;Defljt
cfof]hgf If]qsf] rf/lsNnf tf]sL hUuf PsLs/0f cfof]hgf
;~rfng ug]{ lg0f{o ug'{kb{5 . cfof]hgf ;~rfng ug]{af/]sf]
;fj{hlgs ;"rgf -cg';"rL * -v__ k|sflzt u/L /fo, ;'emfj
Pjd\ k|ltlqmof ;Íng ul/G5 .
&=#=@ cfof]hgf ;~rfng ug]{af/]sf] cf}krfl/s ;"rgf k|sfzg kl5
hUufwgL / df]xLx¿sf] e]nf u/L e]nfdf pkl:yt hUufwgL /
df]xLx¿dWo]af6 k|ltlglw 5fgL cfof]hgf If]q /x]sf] j8fsf
j8fWoIfsf] ;+of]hsTjdf & b]lv !% ;b:o;Ddsf] pkef]Qmf
;ldlt u7g ug'{ pko'Qm / k|efjsf/L b]lvPsf] 5 . o;/L
ul7t pkef]Qmf ;ldltsf] sfdst{Jo cfof]hgf th'{df /
sfof{Gjogdf cfjZos hg;xeflutf h'6fO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg',
cfof]hgf ;~rfng ug]{ sfo{bn / hUufwgLx¿aLr
cGt/lqmof ug]{ dfWodsf] ¿kdf sfo{ ug{'sf ;fy} of]hgf
lgwf{l/t ;dodf k|efjsf/L 9+uaf6 ;DkGg ug]{ u/fpg] bafa
;d"xsf] ¿kdf klg sfo{ ug{' x'g'kb{5 . cfof]hgf Joj:yfkg
pk;ldltdf pkef]Qmfsf] tkm{af6 k|ltlglwTj ug]{ JolQmx¿sf]
rog klg pkef]Qmf ;ldltaf6 ul/G5 .
&=#=# cfof]hgf th'{df ug]{ sfdsf] nflu cfof]hgf If]qleqsf
lsQfx¿sf] lsQfsf6 / lgdf{0f sfo{df /f]s nufpg] lg0f{o
u/L gu/ ljsf; P]g, @)$% cg';f/ ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf
-cg';"rL *_ dfkm{t\ ;j{;fwf/0fx¿nfO{ hfgsf/L lbOG5 /
pQm lg0f{o sfof{Gjog x'g ;DalGwt :yfgLo lgsfo,
dfnkf]t sfof{no / gfkL zfvfnfO{ cg'/f]w ul/G5 .
- 23 -
&=#=$ cBfjlws lsQf gfkL gS;fx¿ hf]8L agfPsf] cfwf/ gS;fdf
hUuf PsLs/0fsf] d:of}bf of]hgf th'{df ul/G5 . o;df
hUufwgLn] ug'{kg]{ hUuf of]ubfg tyf hUuf lkmtf{ lbg]
;DaGwL l;4fGtx¿ klg ;dfj]z x'g] 5 . hUuf lkmtf{ lbg]
l;4fGtsf] gd"gf cg';"rL ( df lbOPsf] 5 .
&=#=% pkef]Qmf ;ldltsf kbflwsf/Lx¿ / cGo ;/f]sf/ ;d"x;dIf
pQm d:of}bf of]hgf k|:t't u/L /fo;'emfj / k|ltlqmof
;Íng ul/G5 .
&=#=^ ;/f]sf/ ;d"xaf6 k|fKt /fo;'emfj / k|ltlqmofsf] cWoog /
ljZn]if0f u/L d:of}bf of]hgfdf k'g/fjnf]sg u/L cfjZos
;'wf/ ul/G5 .
&=#=& ;'wfl/Psf] d:of}bf of]hgfnfO{ gu/ ljsf; ;ldlt jf
gu/kflnsf jf]8{af6 kfl/t u/L :jLs[ltsf] nflu zx/L
ljsf; dGqfno dfkm{t g]kfn ;/sf/df k]z ul/G5 .
&=#=* g]kfn ;/sf/af6 of]hgf :jLs[t ePkl5 of]hgf :jLs[t
ePsf] hfgsf/L ;j{;fwf/0fnfO{ xf];\ eGg] p2]Zon] ;fj{hlgs
;"rgf -cg';"rL –!%_ k|sfzg ul/G5 .
&=#=( cjwf/0ff of]hgfnfO{ sfof{Gjogdf Nofpg sfo{ of]hgf
th'{df / ef}lts k"jf{wf/x¿sf] OlGhlgol/Ë l8hfOg sfo{
ug{sf] nflu cfjZos ah]6sf] Joj:yf ul/G5 .
&=#=!) lj:t[t OlGhlgol/Ë ;j]{If0f / l8hfOg u/L cfof]hgf If]qsf
af6f], 9n lgsf;, vfg]kfgL / lah'nL ljt/0f nfOg cflbsf]
l8hfOg gS;f tof/ kfl/G5 .
&=#=!! l8hfOg cg';f/ sfof{Gjog ug{ :k]l;lkms]zg, nfut cg'dfg
/ 6]08/ 8s'd]G6 cflb tof/ kf/L af]nkq cfXjfg u/L
7]s]bf/sf] 5gf}6 ul/G5 / lgdf{0f sfo{sf] z'¿jft ul/G5 .
- 24 -
&=#=!@ OlGhlgol/Ë ;j]{If0f / l8hfOg;Fu;Fu} of]hgf If]qsf] lj:t[t
gfkhfFr / ;j]{If0f u/L ;fljs e"–pkof]u nufot k|To]s
lsQfsf] ef}lts l:ylt / :jfldTj ;DjGwL ljj/0f tof/
ul/G5 . k|To]s lsQfsf] If]qkmn, cfsf/, :yfg / pknAw
;]jf;'ljwfsf] olsg u/L cBfjlws lsQf gfkL gS;f tof/
kfl/G5 .
&=#=!#= pknAw zx/L ;]jf;'ljwf / :yfgljz]ifsf cfwf/df of]hgf
;~rfng x'g'cl3sf] hUufsf] d"No / of]hgf ;DkGg ePkl5sf]
ljsl;t 38]/Lsf] pkof]lutf -d"No_ lgwf{/0f ul/G5 .
&=#=!$ of]hgfcl3 / kl5sf] hUufsf] :yfg ljz]ifsf] cfwf/df
pkof]lutf -d"No_ ljZn]if0f u/L k|To]s hUufwgLn] of]ubfg
ug'{kg]{ hUufsf] k|ltzt lgwf{/0f u/L ljsl;t 38]/L lkmtf{
lbg] gLlt tof/ kfl/G5 .
&=#=!% cfof]hgf ;~rfngsf] nflu hUufwgLx¿n] of]ubfg ug'{ kg]{
hUuf, s6f}tLsf] k|ltzt lgwf{/0f, hUuf lkmtf{ lbg] gLlt
;DjGwdf ;/f]sf/ ;d"x, hUufwgL tyf df]xL / pkef]Qmf
;ldlt ;dIf k|:t't u/L /fo;'emfj / k|ltlqmof ;Íng
ul/G5 .
&=#=!^ hUufwgL, df]xL tyf pkef]Qmf ;ldltaf6 k|fKt /fo;'emfj /
k|ltlqmofsf] cWoog ljZn]if0f u/L hUufwgLx¿sf] ;fljs
hUufsf] If]qkmnaf6 s§L u/L lng] k|ltztsf] lg0f{o ul/G5 .
&=#=!& k|To]s lsQfaf6 af6f], 9nlgsf;, v'nfIf]q cflbsf] ljsf;
lgdf{0f ug{ s§Lu/L lng] k|ltztsf] lx;fa u/L lkmtf{ kfpg]
38]/Lsf] :yfg / If]qkmn osLg ul/Psf] tflnsf (Long
sheet) tof/ kfl/G5 / ;f]xL k|ltzt s§L tflnsfsf] cfwf/df
k|f/lDes rSnfjGbL gS;f tof/ kfl/G5 .
&=#=!* k|f/lDes rSnfjGbL gS;fnfO{ hUufwgL, df]xL Pjd\ pkef]Qmf
;ldlt;dIf k|:t't u/L /fo;'emfj / k|ltlqmof ;Íng ul/G5 .
- 25 -
&=#=!( hUufwgL, df]xL tyf pkef]Qmf ;ldltaf6 cfPsf
/fo;'emfjx¿ Pjd\ k|ltlqmofsf] cWoog ljZn]if0f u/L
k|f/lDes rSnfjGbL gS;fnfO{ k'g/fjnf]sg, ;'wf/ u/L
rSnfjGbLsf] clGtd gS;f tof/ ul/G5 / gu/ ljsf;
;ldltaf6 :jLs[t x'g k]z ul/G5 .
&=#=@) gu/ ljsf; ;ldlt jf :yfgLo lgsfoaf6 rSnfjGbL gS;f
:jLs[t ePkl5 hUuf ;Dofpg] / ;/hldgdf Knl6ª u/L
hUuf lkmtf{ lbg] tof/L u/L ;DalGwt hUuf wgLx¿nfO{
c:yfoL hUufwgL k|df0f–k'hf{sf ;fy hUuf lkmtf{ lbOG5 .
&=#=@! hUufwgLnfO{ hUuf lkmtf{sf] ;fy;fy} nfut c;'nLsf] nflu
cf/lIft 38]/L hUuf 5'§ofO{ lnnfd a9fa9sf] dfWodaf6
laqmL ljt/0f ul/G5 .
&=#=@@ c:yfoL hUufwgL k|df0f–k'hf{ / lnnfd a9fa9df vl/b ug]{
lgsfo jf JolQmx¿nfO{ :yfoL hUufwgL k|df0f–k'hf{
lhNnfl:yt gfkL zfvf sfof{no / dfnkf]t sfof{nosf]
;xof]udf :jLs[t rSnfjGbL gS;fnfO{ gofF lsQf gfkL gS;f
/ lkmN8 a's, Kn6 /lhi6/, df]7 >]itf tof/ kf/L ljt/0f
ul/G5 .
&=#=@# cfof]hgf If]qsf] nflu tf]lsPsf] Go"gtd PsfOsf] If]qkmn
eGbf sd hUuf x'g] hUufwgLnfO{ nfu]sf] vr{ lnOg] zt{df
Go"gtd PsfOsf] Ps 38]/L pknAw u/fpg yk u/L lbPsf]
hUufjfkt /sd c;'nL ul/G5 / rSnfjGbL u/L Knl6Ë ubf{
gk'Ug] hUufsf] d"No ;DjlGwt hUufwgLnfO{ Ifltk"lt{jfkt
lbOG5 .
&=#=@$ cf/lIft 38]/L hUuf a]rlavg u/L k|fKt / yk hUufafkt
k|fKt /sdn] z'¿df ah]6 Joj:yf ubf{ lnOPsf] C0fsf] ;fFjf
/ Aofh e'QmfgL ul/G5 .
- 26 -
&=#=@% sfo{of]hgf cg';f/sf] af6f], 9n lgsf;, v'nfIf]q cflbsf]
lgdf{0f ;DkGg x'g] ;dodf clwsf+z hUufwgLx¿nfO{ :yfoL
hUufwgL k|df0f–k'hf{ ljt/0f eO;s]sf] x'G5 / pQm
;do;Dddf hUuf lkmtf{ lng gcfPsf hUufwgLx¿nfO{ hUuf
lkmtf{ lbg] k|zf;lgs Joj:yf ldnfO cfof]hgf ;DkGg ePsf]
3f]if0ffsf] ;fy} cfof]hgfsf pknlAwx¿sf] plrt pkof]u,
;+/If0f / dd{t;Def/sf] nflu :yfgLo lgsfo jf pkef]Qmf
;ldlt jf ;]jf;'ljwf k|bfg ug]{ lgsfonfO{ x:tfGt/0f ul/G5 .
&=#=@^ cfof]hgf ;DkGg eP/ x:tfGt/0f eO;s]kl5 cfof]hgfsf]
cg'udg / d"NofÍg zx/L ljsf; tyf ejg lgdf{0f ljefu
jf pQm ljefu cGt/utsf] l8lehg sfof{nox¿af6 x'g'
jfG5gLo x'G5 . cfof]hgfsf] cg'udg / d"NofÍgaf6 pQm
cfof]hgfdf ePu/]sf sdLsdhf]/L / c;n kIfx¿sf] lgSof}{n
x'g hfg] / o;af6 cGo If]qdf ul/g] gofF hUuf PsLs/0fsf
cfof]hgfx¿ cem a9L k|efjsf/L ¿kdf ;~rfng ug{ d2t
k'Ug hfg] s'/fdf ljZjf; ug{ ;lsG5 .
- 27 -
hUuf PsLs/0f of]hgf th'{df tyf sfof{Gjog k|lqmof

of]hgf If]q 5gf}6 / hUuf PsLs/0f cfof]hgf ;~rfng ug{] lg0f{o
hUufwgL tyf df]xLx¿af6 hUuf PsLs/0f cfof]hgf :yfgLo lgsfo jf= g=lj=;= jf ;/sf/L
;~rfng u/L lbg] dfu ;lxtsf] lgb]jbg lgsfoaf6 cfof]hgf :ynsf] 5gf}6
k|fKt lgj]bg pk/ 5fgljg, cfof]hgf :yn ;DaGwL tYofÍ cfof]hgf :yn ;DaGwL tYofÍ, gS;f cflb
/ gS;f cflb ;+sng ;+sng
;DefJotf cWoog
;DalGwt :yfgLo lgso tyf ;/sf/L Pjd\ u}/ ;/sf/L

;+:yfx¿;Fu 5nkmn
;DefJotf cWoogaf/] lgj]bs hUufwgL tyf df]xLx¿nfO{

hfgsf/L u/fP/ %) k|ltzt eGbf a9L ;xdlt k|fKt ug]{
cfof]hgf ;+rfng ug{ pko'Qm ePsf] ljj/0f / hUufwgL tyf

df]xLsf] ;xdlt;fy hUuf PsLs/0f cfof]hgf ;~rfng ug]{
lg0f{ofy{ gu/ ljsf; ;ldlt÷ gu/kflnsf jf]8{df k]z
hUuf PsLs/0f cfof]hgf ;~rfng ug]{af/] cf}krfl/s lg0f{o
;DalGwt hUufwgL tyf cfof]hgf ;~rfng ug]{aaf/] lsQfsf6 / lgdf{0fsfo{ ug{

df]xLx¿NffO{ cfof]hgf ;~rfng ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf k|sfzg /f]s
x'g]af/] cf}krfl/s hfgsf/L lbO{ u/L /fo;'emfj Pjd\
pkef]Qmf ;ldlt u7g k|ltqmofsf] cfjXfg
d:of}bf of]hgf / of]ubfg ug'{ kg]{ hUufsf] k|ltzt /

hUuf lkmtf{ lbg] l;4fGt tof/ u/L ;fj{hlgs jx;
/fo ;'emfj / k|ltlqmof ;Íng
d:of}bf of]hgf k'g/fjnf]sg / ;'wf/
- 28 -
gu/ ljsf; ;ldlt jf gu/kflnsf af]8{af6 d:of}bf of]hgfsf ;fy of]ubfg ug'{ kg]{ hUufsf]
k|ltzt / hUuf lkmtf{ lbg] l;4fGt kfl/t u/L :jLs[ltsf] nflu zx/L ljsf; dGqfno dfkm{t g]kfn
;/sf/df k]z
g]kfn ;/sf/af6 of]hgf :jLs[t
of]hgf :jLs[t ePsf] ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf k|sfzg
OlGhlgol/Ë ;e]{If0f / l8hfOg nfut Joxf]g{] of]hgf If]qsf] lj:t[t gfkhfFr

ljQLo Joj:yf
x cfof]hgf If]qleq / aflx/ x of]hgf If]qsf] rf}x8L ;LdfÍg
pknAw k"jf{wf/x¿sf] ;e]{If0f u/L If]qkmn osLg
/ gfkhfFr x ;fljs e"–pkof]usf] ljZn]if0f
x af6f]3f6f], 9n, kfs{ cflbsf] ah]6 Joj:yf x k|To]s lsQfsf] (Reference
/]vfÍg / ;LdfÍg u/L Ans survey) ef}lts l:ylt /
lgwf{/0f :jfldTjaf/]sf] ljZn]if0f
x ;e]{If0f u/L ;8ssf] x k|To]s lsQfsf] gfkhfFr -
Langitudinal tyf cross
If]qkmn, cfsf/, :yfg_ osLg
sectional profile gS;f tof/
x of]hgf If]qsf] cBfjlws
x af6f], 9n, vfg]kfgL, lah'nL gS;f tof/
ljt/0f nfOg cflbsf]
l8hfOg / gS;f tof/ x of]hgfcl3 / kl5sf] hUufsf]
d"No ljZn]if0f /
x of]hgfcl3 / kl5sf] hUufsf]
d"No lgwf{/0f
:k]l;lkms];g, nfut Oli6d]6 /
6]08/ 8s'd]06 tof/
k|To]s lsQf wgLn] of]ubfg ug'{

af]nkq cfXjfg kg]{ hUufsf] k|ltzt lgwf{/0f
of]ubfg k|ltztaf/] hUufwgL, df]xL

lgdf{0f sfo{ z'¿ tyf pkef]Qmf ;ldlt ;dIf k]z u/L
;'emfj tyf k|ltlqmof ;+sng
- 29 -
af6f]3f6f], 9n, of]ubfg k|ltzt k'g/fjnf]sg / ;'wf/

kfs{ cflb lgdf{0f
;DkGg
k|f/lDes rSnfjGbL gS;f tof/ /
hUufwgL tyf df]xLx¿;dIf k]z
/fo;'emfj / k|ltlqmof ;Íng
k|f/lDes rSnfjGbL gSfdf ;'wf/ u/L rSnfaGbL

clGtd gS;f tof/ kf/L gu/ ljsf; ;ldltdf k]z
cfof]
cfof]hhgfgf Joj:yfkg
Joj:yfkg pk
pk ;ldltaf6
;ldltaf6 rSnfaGbLsf]
rSnfaGbLsf] clGtd
clGtd gS;f
gS;f :jLs[
:jLs[tlt
hUuf ;Dofpg] / ;/hldgdf Knfl6Í ug]{ sfo{ z'?

¿
;DalGwt
;DalGwtnfO{
hUufwgLnfO{
hUufhUuf
lkmtf{lkmtf{
ug]{ /ug]c:yfoL
{ / c:yfoL
hUufwgL–k'
hUufwgL–k'
hf{ ljt/0f
hf{ ljt/0f
nfut c;'nLsf] nflu cf/lIft 38]/L hUufsf] laqmL ljt/0f
yk hUuf jfkt /sd c;'nL / gk'u

hUuf jfkt Ifltk"lt{ ljt/0f
:yfoL hUufwgL k|df0f–k'hf{

ljt/0f C0fsf] ;fFjf Jofh e'QmfgL
cfof]hgf ;DkGg ePsf] 3f]if0ff u/L ;DalGwt lgsfo jf pkef]Qmf ;ldltnfO{ x:tfGt/0f
cfof]hgf cg'udg tyf d"NofÍg
- 30 -
&=$ k|zf;lgs Joj:yf Joj:yfkg pk;ldltsf] u7g
cfof]hgf th'{df / sfof{Gjogdf :yfgLo lgsfo / hUufwgLx¿sf] k|ToIf
;xeflutf /xg jfG5gLo / cfjZos /x]sf]n] cfof]hgf Joj:yfkg
pk;ldltdf ltgLx¿sf] k|ltlglwTj x'g' cfjZos 5 . gu/ ljsf; P]g,
@)$% sf] bkmf & n] lbPsf] clwsf/ k|of]u u/L cfof]hgf Joj:yfkg
pk;ldlt :yfgLo lgsfo k|d'vsf] cWoIftfdf u7g ul/G5 . :yfgLo
k|zf;g, hUuf k|zf;g, zx/L ljsf; tyf ejg lgdf{0f ljefu
cGt/utsf l8lehg sfof{no, zx/L ;]jf;'ljwf k|bfg ug]{ sfo{df
;+nUg If]qut lgsfox¿, :yfgLo hUufwgL / df]xLx¿;d]tsf] ;xeflutf
/xg] u/L gu/kflnsf If]qdf gu/ k|d'vsf] / ufpF ljsf; ;ldltsf]
If]qdf lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt ;efkltsf] cWoIftf x'g] Joj:yf u/L
cfof]hgf Joj:yfkg pk;ldlt u7g ul/G5 . o;/L ;Dk"0f{ ;/f]sf/
;d"x ;d]l6Psf]n] cfhef]ln cfof]hgf ;~rfng sfo{ ;/n ePsf] 5 .
cfof]hgf Joj:yfkg pk;ldltdf xn;Ddsf] cg'ejn] lgDg JolQmx¿sf]
Joj:yf x'g' pko'Qm b]lvPsf] 5 Ù
!= gu/kflnsf k|d'v -gu/kflnsfsf] xsdf_ jf
lh=lj=;= ;efklt -ufpF ljsf; ;ldlt If]qsf] xsdf_cWoIf
@= ;b:o ;lrj, gu/ ljsf; ;ldlt ;b:o
#= k|d'v, lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no jf lghn] tf]s]sf] clws[t sd{rf/L ;b:o
$= k|d'v, lhNnf dfnkf]t sfof{no ;b:o
%= k|d'v, lhNnf gfkL zfvf sfof{no ;b:o
^= k|d'v, zx/L ljsf; tyf ejg lgdf{0f l8lehg sfof{no ;b:o
&= k|d'v, ;8s l8lehg sfof{no ;b:o
*= k|d'v, lhNnf vfg]kfgL sfof{no ;b:o
(= k|d'v, ljB't k|flws/0f ;b:o
- 31 -
!)= j8f cWoIf -gu/kflnsf eP_ jf uf=lj=;= cWoIf ;b:o
!!= hUufwgL k|ltlglw -Ps hgf_ ;b:o
!@= df]xL k|ltlglw -Ps hgf_ ;b:o
!#= sfg"g clws[t jf ;/sf/L jlsn ;b:o
!$= g=lj=;=n] tf]s]sf] zx/L of]hgfsf/ jf cfof]hgf k|d'v
;b:o ;lrj
gf]6 M e"ld ;'wf/ clwsf/L, u'7L ;+:yfgsf] k|ltlglwx¿ cfjZostf
cg';f/ cfdlGqtsf] ¿kdf a}7sdf af]nfpg ;lsG5 .
cfof]hgf Joj:yfkg pk;ldltsf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ b]xfo

adf]lhd x'g' cfjZos b]lvG5 Ù
gu/ ljsf; P]g, @)$% sf] bkmf & sf] pkbkmf &=! adf]lhd
gu/ ljsf; ;ldltn] hUuf PsLs/0f cfof]hgfsf] sfdsf/jfxL
;'rf?¿kn] ;~rfng ug{sf] nflu Joj:yfkg pk;ldlt u7g ubf{
cfof]hgf If]qleq cfof]hgf th'{df / sfof{Gjog ug{ gu/ ljsf; P]g,
@)$% cg';f/ sfo{ ug{ ;Sg] u/L clwsf/ k|Tofof]hg x'g' cfjZos
x'G5 . cfof]hgf Joj:yfkg pk;ldltsf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ tyf
cGo sfo{ljlw gu/ ljsf; ;ldltn] tf]sL lbP adf]lhd x'g] ePaf6
hUuf PsLs/0fsf] dfWodaf6 ef}lts ljsf; ug]{, of]hgf th'{df ug]{,
gofF ljsf;sf] nflu e"–pkof]u If]q lgwf{/0f ug]{, To:tf] If]qdf ug{
kfOg] ef}lts ljsf;sf] dfkb08 tf]Sg] / To:tf If]qx¿sf] hg3gTjsf]
cfwf/df ljsf;sf] dfkb08 tf]Sg] / To:tf hg3gTjsf] cfwf/df ;8s,
oftfoft, lah'nL, 9nlgsf;, vfg]kfgL, ;/;kmfO, v'nf If]q nufot
zx/L ;]jf;'ljwf pknAw u/fpg] of]hgf agfO{ g]kfn ;/sf/af6 :jLs[t
u/fO{ of]hgf sfof{Gjog ug]{ sfd, st{Jo tf]sL gu/ ljsf; P]g, @)$%
cg';f/ sfo{ ug{ ;Sg] u/L clwsf/ k|Tofof]hg x'g] u/]]sf] 5 .
- 32 -
hUuf PsLs/0f cfof]hgfsf] ;kmn sfof{Gjog x'g ;jn
sfo{bnsf] Joj:yf lgDgfg';f/sf] k|zf;lgs Joj:yf x'g' kg]{5 Ù
cfof]hgf Joj:yfkg pk;ldltn] sfo{jf]emsf] cfwf/df cfof]hgf
k|d'v nufot cGo cfjZos hgzlQmsf] Joj:yf -cg';"rL–@) x]gf]{;_
u/L sfo{bn u7g ul/G5 . sfo{bn u7g x'g'cl3 of]hgf th'{df ug{
cfjZos ah]6 Joj:yf gu/ ljsf; ;ldltaf6 jf gu/kflnsfsf] cfˆg}
;|f]taf6 ug'{kg]{ x'G5 . of]hgf th'{df ug{sf] nflu ah]6 Joj:yf ;|f]taf6
Joxf]l/g g;Sg] cj:yfdf gu/ ljsf; sf]if, jf cGo ljQLo
;+3;+:yfaf6 C0f ;xof]u k|fKt u/]/ eP klg ah]6 Joj:yf ul/g'kg]{
x'G5 .
sfo{bnsf] ;Ë7gfTds ;+/rgfsf] 9fFrf / cfjZos b/jGbL -
%)) b]lv !))) /f]kgL If]q ;d]6\g cfof]hgf sf] nflu_ sl/a sl/a
cg';"rL @) df plNnlvt eP cg';f/ x'g]5 .
&=% lj:t[t of]hgf th'{df tyf sfof{Gjogsf r/0fx¿
hUuf PsLs/0f of]hgf th'{df / sfof{GjognfO{ lgDg rf/
r/0fx¿df ljefhg ul/Psf] 5 Ù
! cjwf/0ff th'{df r/0f,
@ sfo{ of]hgf th'{df r/0f,
# sfof{Gjog r/0f,
$ x:tfGt/0f, cg'udg / d"NofÍg r/0f .
pk/f]Qm klxnf] tLg r/0fsf sfdsf/jfxL ePu/]sf] sfo{bnn]
pkef]Qmf ;ldltsf] /fo;'emfj / l;kmfl/; k|fKt u/L Joj:yfkg pk–
;ldltaf6 :jLs[t u/fpg' kg]{5 . cjwf/0ff of]hgf Joj:yfkg pk–
;ldltaf6 kfl/t u/L g]kfn ;/sf/af6 :jLs[t x'g' kg]{ sfg"gL Joj:yf
5 . cjwf/0ff of]hgfleq /xL sfo{of]hgf th'{df ubf{ cjwf/0ff of]hgf
;fgfltgf ;'wf/ / ;+zf]wg of]hgfleq /xL sfo{ Joj:yfkg
pk;ldltaf6 :jLs[t u/fpg' kg]{ x'G5 . cjwf/0ff of]hgfnfO{ ;+zf]wg
- 33 -
ug'{ k/] g]kfn ;/sf/af6} ;+zf]lwt cjwf/0ff of]hgf :jLs[t u/fpg'
kb{5 .
&=%=! Jns lgwf{/0f / 38]/L lsQf ljZn]if0f
&=%=!=! Ans lgwf{/0f ug]{ cfwf/x¿
cfof]hgf If]qsf ;Dk"0f{ hUufwgLsf lsQfx¿df af6f]sf] ;'ljwf
k'¥ofpg ;8s ;~hfnsf] cjwf/0ff lgdf{0f ul/Psf] x'G5 .
cfof]hgf If]qaflx/ /x]sf ;8s, 9nlgsf; cflbsf] juL{s/0f /
rf}8fO tyf cjl:ylt;Fu ldNg] u/L cfof]hgf If]qsf] ;8s
;~hfnsf] of]hgf th'{df ul/G5 . ;8sn] ;]jf k'¥ofpg] 38]/L
k|:tfljt e"–pkof]u / If]qkmnsf] cfwf/df ;8s rf}8fO lgwf{/0f
ul/G5 . Ans lgwf{/0f ubf{ lgDg cfwf/x¿nfO{ ;d]6\g' kg]{ x'G5 .
&=%=!=@ ;flas lsQfsf] ljZn]if0f / juL{s/0fÙ
;flas lsQf cg';"rL ^ cg';f/sf] tflnsf e/L ljZn]if0f,
juL{s/0f u/L lkmtf{ lbg] gLlt hUuf PsLs/0f u/L ljsl;t
38]/L 5'6\6ofpg' klxn] cfof]hgf If]qleqsf lsQf hUufsf]
:jfldTj, If]qkmn, cfsf/, cj:yfaf/] ljZn]if0f x'g' h?/L 5 .
sd If]qkmn ePsf hUufwgLx¿ w]/} /x]sf] 7fpFdf ljsl;t
38]/Lsf] Go"gtd If]qkmn, df]x8f / ulx/fOsf] cg'kft lglZrt
ubf{ ;Dej eP;Dd Go"gtd If]qkmnsf] PsfO k'¥ofpg
cfof]hgfn] hUuf ylklbg gk/f];\ . To;}n] sf7df08f} pkTosfdf
Kn6sf] Go"gtd If]qkmn *) ju{ dL6/ / df]x8f sDtLdf ^ dL6/
rf}8f / ulx/fO !#–!$ dL6/sf] xf/fxf/Ldf tf]Sg] ul/Psf] 5 .
cfof]hgf If]qsf] k|:tfljt hg3gTjsf] cfwf/df Kn6sf] Go"gtd
If]qkmn / df]x8f–ulx/fOsf] cg'kft klg lglZrt x'g] ub{5 . 3gf
hg3gTj -%)) / ;f]eGbf a9L JolQm k|lt x]S6/_ x'g] If]qsf]
nflu Kn6sf] Go"gtd If]qkmn @=% cfgfb]lv $ cfgfsf] x'g] ub{5
eg] kftnf] hg3gTj -!))–@)) k|ltJolQm x]S6/_ ePsf] If]qdf
Kn6sf] Go"gtd If]qkmn ! /f]kgL / ;f] eGbf a9L If]qkmnsf] /
- 34 -
df]x8f sDkgLdf !^ dL6/sf] x'g] ub{5 . dWod hg3gTj ePsf]
If]q -@))–%)) JolQm k|ltx]S6/_ sf] nflu * cfgfb]lv !
/f]kgL;Ddsf] Kn6 / df]x8f !)–!% ld6/ df]x8f ePsf] 38]/L
tof/ ug'{ pko'Qm x'G5 .
&=%=!=# k|:tfljt e"–pkof]u, ;8s / 9n lgsf;n] ;]jf k'¥ofpg]
If]qkmn / 38]/L ;+Vof,
Jofkfl/s, cf}Bf]lus Pjd\ ;+:yfut If]q kl/;/df 36Ldf
* ld6/ rf}8f ;8ssf] Joj:yf ug'{kg]{ x'G5 eg] cfjf;Lo
If]qsf] nflu ;fwf/0ftof ^ ld6/ rf}8f ;8ssf] Joj:yf x'g'
pko'Qm x'G5 .
&=%=!=$ Anssf] ;fOhÙ
38]/L Anssf] cfsf/ ;fwf/0ftof rf/kf6] x'G5 .
Anssf] nDafO / rf}8fO 38]/L Kn6sf] df]x8f, ulx/fO tyf
38]/L ;ª\Vofsf] cfwf/df osLg x'G5 . Ans ;fwf/0ftof #)–
^) ld6/ rf}8f / !%)–@%) ld6/ nDafO x'g' pko'Qm x'G5 .
pk/f]Qm rf}8fO / nDafO eGbf 36L ePdf af6f]n] cf]u6\g]
If]qkmn a9\g] x'G5 / hUufwgLaf6 s§L ug]{ k|ltzt a9\g] x'G5 .
&=%=!=% Kn6sf] df]xbf–ulx/fO|sf] cg'kft / Go"gtd If]qkmnÙ
s'g} klg xfntdf Kn6sf] df]xbf ^ dL6/ / ulx/fO !# dL6/
eGbf sd x'g' x'Fb}g / df]xbf / ulx/fOsf] cg'kft !M@=% b]lv
!M# sf] cg'kftdf x'g' pko'Qm b]lvG5 . 38]/L Kn6sf] Go"gtd
If]qkmn ;fljssf hUufwgLx¿sf] e"–:jfldTj / k|:tfljt
hg3gTjsf] cfwf/df tf]lsg] Joj:yf ug'{ kb{5 . t}klg Go"g
cfo ePsfsf] nflu *) ju{ dL6/b]lv !@% ju{ dL6/sf] 38]/L
/ dWod cfo ePsfsf] nflu !%)–@%) ju{ dL6/ ;Ddsf]
38]/L pko'Qm b]lvG5 eg] pRr cfDbfgL ePsfsf] nflu
$))–%)) ju{ ld6/ / ;f] eGbf a9L If]qkmnsf] 38]/L
Joj:yf ug{ ;lsG5 .
- 35 -
&=%=!=^ v'nf If]qsf] Go"gtd If]qkmn / nDafO–rf}8fOsf] cg'kft
k|To]s cfjf;Lo If]qdf k|s[lt;Fu glhs /xL 3/aflx/sf
s[ofsnfkx¿ vf;u/L v]ns'b, Jofofd, lx8\8'n / a]nfvatdf
;fdflhs tyf wfld{s lqmofsnfk ;~rfngsf] nflu pkof]u
ug{ ;lsg] u/L v'nf If]qsf] dfkb08 tf]s]sf] x'G5 . ;fy},
b}jLk|sf]ksf] a]nf v'nf If]qx¿ c:yfoL a;f]af;sf] Joj:yf ug{
klg k|of]udf Nofpg ;lsg] x'g'kb{5 . ctM v'nf If]q hlt 7"nf]
eof] plt a9L pkof]uL ;flat x'G5 . o:tf] :yfg lglZrt ubf{
pQm If]qdf a;f]af; ug]{ ;a}NffO{ kfos kg]{ 7fpF lgwf{/0f x'g'
cfjZos x'G5 / v'nf If]qsf] Go"gtd If]qkmn #)) ju{ dL6/
/ rf}8fO{ !@ dL6/ eGbf sd x'g' x'Fb}g .
&=^ of]ubfg ug'{kg]{ hUufsf] k|ltzt lgwf{/0f ljlwÙ
;fwf/0ftof hUuf PsLs/0f cfof]hgf :yfgLo ;|f]tdf
cfwfl/t x'g] / aflx/L nufgL gx'g] ePaf6 cfof]hgfdf
k|:tfljt k"jf{wf/x¿sf] k|s[lt, lsl;d / :t/sf] cfwf/df
ef}lts k"jf{wf/x¿ ljsf;sf] nflu rflxg] hUuf / lgdf{0f vr{
a/fa/ d"Nosf] 38]/L hUuf cfof]hgf If]qsf hUufwgLx¿af6
pknAw ;]jf;'ljwfsf] cfwf/df ;dfg'kflts ¿kdf s§f u/L
lnOG5 . To;}n] cfof]hgf k"j{ / kl5 pknAw x'g] ;8ssf]
lsl;d, rf}8fO / :t/ Pjd\ cGo ;]jf;'ljwfsf] cfwf/df
cg';"rL !) cg';f/ hUufwgLx¿n] cfof]hgfsf] hUufsf]
lglZrt c+z lbg' kg]{ x'G5 . jf:tjdf hUuf PsLs/0f
cfof]hgfn] pknAw u/fpg] yk ;]jf;'ljwfsf nflu dfq hUuf
s§L u/L lnOg] ul/G5 / cfof]hgf ;a}nfO{ a/fa/ kmfObf x'g]
u/L ;a}af6 a/fa/ nufgL ug]{ l;4fGtdf ;~rfng x'g]
ePaf6 cfof]hgfsf] k|ltkmn ;a}n] kfpg] x'G5g\ . cfof]hgf
If]qaf6 s'g} klg hUufwgL tyf df]xL lj:yflkt x'g'kg]{ l:ylt
cfpFb}g .
- 36 -
&=^=! rSnfaGbL gS;f tof/ kfg]{ cfwf/x¿ (Long Sheet) / Knl6ª
ug]{ tl/sfÙ
rSnfaGbL gS;f ;fljssf hUufwgLx¿nfO{ hUuf lkmtf{
lbg tof/ kfl/G5 . o;sf] d'Vo cfwf/ eg]sf] hUuf s§L ug]{
/ lkmtf{ lbg ckgfOg] gLlt (Contribution rate and
Reploting Policy) / pQm gLlt sfof{Gjog ug]{ k|of]hgsf]
nflu ;fljssf lsQf hUufsf] juL{s/0fsf] cfwf/df k|To]s
lsQfsf hUufwgLx¿n] af6f], 9nlgsf;, lah'nL, vfg]kfgL tyf
v'nfIf]qsf] ;'ljwf kfPafkt of]ubfg ug'{kg]{ of]ubfg k|ltzt
lx;fa cg';f/ k|To]s lsQfn] of]ubfg ug'{kg]{ of]ubfg k|ltzt
s6fO{ afFsL hUuf cfsf/k|sf/ ldn]sf] ljsl;t 38]/Lsf] ¿kdf
lkmtf{ lbg] Kn6sf] :yfg, df]x8f, ulx/fO / If]qkmn osLg x'g]
tflnsfnfO{ g} (Long Sheet) elgG5 . o;} Long Sheet
adf]lhd hUuf PsLs/0f cfof]hgfsf] cjwf/0ff cg';f/ ;8s
;Ldf ;LdfÍg ul/G5 / o;/L tof/ kf/]sf] gS;fdf Ans g+=,
Kn6 g+=, k|To]s Kn6sf] df]x8f, ulx/fO{, If]qkmn / rf/lsNnf
k|i6 ePsf] x'G5 . o; lsl;dsf] gS;fnfO{ g} rSnfjGbL gS;f
elgG5 . o:tf] rSnfjGbL gS;fsf] cfwf/df ;/hldg (field
verification_ u/L cg';"rL !! / cg';"rL !@ cg'¿ksf]
;Demf}tf cg'¿ksf] ekf{O u/fO{ af6f]3f6f]sf] ;LdfÍg
5'§fO{;s]kl5 hUufwgnfO{ lkmtf{ lbg' kg]{ Kn6x¿ 5'§ofpFb}
gS;f / lkmN8 r]s u/L lkmN8 cg';f/ s]xL ;'wf/ ug'{kg]{ eP
rSnfjGbL gS;f ;'wf/ ul/G5 / kl5 o;} gS;fsf] cfwf/df
gofF lsQf gfkL lkmN8j's, Kn6/lhi6/, df]7, >]:tf gfkL zfvf
/ dfnkf]t sfof{non] tof/ kf/L of]hgf sfo{bnnfO{ hfgsf/L
lbOG5 . pko'{Qm cg';f/ hUuf btf{ ug{ cfjZos ;a}
ljj/0fx¿ / lsQf gfkL gS;f sfod ePkZrft\ c:yfoL
hUufwgL k|df0f–k'hf{ kfPsf ;flassf hUufwgLx¿NffO{ :yfoL
hUufwgL k|df0f–k'hf{ lbg /lhi6«];g kfl/t ul/lbOG5 .
- 37 -
&=^=@ tf]lsPsf] Go"gtd If]qkmn eGbf sd If]qkmn ePsf lsQfx¿sf]
rSnfaGbL
gu/ ljsf; P]g, @)$% sf] bkmf !=@ b]lv bkmf !=$ df hUuf
PsLs/0f cfof]hgf If]qsf s'g} klg hUufwgL lj:yflkt
gxf]pg\ eg]/ s'g} hUufwgLsf] PsLs/0f ul/Psf] jf k|fKt
ul/Psf] hUuf hUuf ljsf; sfo{qmd cg';f/ lgwf{l/t 38]/Lsf]
Go"gtd If]qkmneGbf sd x'g] /x]5 eg] To:tf] hUufwgLnfO{
nfu]sf] vr{ lnO{ Go"gtd If]qkmnsf] hUuf pknAw u/fpg
;lsg]5 . olb Go"gtdeGbf sd hUuf x'g] s'g} hUufwgLn]
cfof]hgf Joj:yfkg pk;ldltn] lgwf{/0f u/]sf] vr{ lt/L
38]/L lng g;Sg] ePdf cfof]hgf Joj:yfkg pk;ldltn]
To:tf] hUuf wgL jf df]xLsf] hUuf cfkm}lnO{ lghnfO{ ;f]
hUufafkt k|rlnt laqmL–ljt/0fsf] nflu tf]s]sf] d"No
a/fa/sf] /sd Ifltk"lt{ lbg] ub{5 .
&=& hUufwgLx¿;Fu 5nkmn / k/fdz{
&=&=! hUufwgLx¿;Fu 5nkmn ubf{ ;d]6\g'kg]{ ljifox¿
hUuf PsLs/0f eg]sf] hUufwgLx¿ / df]xLx¿sf] nflu pgLx¿sf]
hUuf ePsf] 7fpFdf pgLx¿s} vr{df ul/g] cfof]hgf ePsf]n] cfof]hgf
;~rfngsf] z'¿b]lv g} hUufwgL tyf df]xLx¿;Fu lg/Gt/ ¿kdf ;Dks{,
cGt/lqmof / Jofks 5nkmn u/L hUufwgLx¿sf] /fo;'emfj Pjd\
k|ltlqmof cg';"rL !# cg'¿ksf] ;"rgf k|sfzg u/L lng] ug'{ kg]{ x'G5 .
hUufwgLx¿;Fusf] 5nkmndf lgDg ljifox¿ kb{5Ù
&=&=!=! ;fj{hlgs tyf u'7L hUufsf] klxrfg, ;+/If0f / pkef]u
o;af/] 5nkmn u/L sxLF st} ;fj{hlgs hUufsf]
cltqmd0f eO/fv]sf] eP cltqmd0f x6fpg] / cfof]hgf
If]qdf ljsf; u/L v'nfIf]q h:tf k"jf{wf/x¿sf] nflu To:tf
;fj{hlgs hUuf k|of]u ul/G5 . u'7LhUufsf] klxrfg ;Fu;Fu}
df]xLx¿ klg klxrfg x'g] ePsf]n] To:tf u'7LhUufsf] df]xLn]
- 38 -
k|rlnt sfg"g cg';f/ /}tfgL ug'{ kg]{ eP ;dod} ;"lrt
ul/lbFbf u'7LhUufsf df]xLx¿nfO{ cfof]hgf ;DkGg ePkl5
hUuf /}tfg ubf{ a9L nfUg] cfly{s ef/nfO{ sd ug{ ;lsG5
/ u'7Lsf] cfo klg ;dod} p7\g] x'G5 .
&=&=!=@ pknAw u/fOg] k"jf{wf/sf] :t/ / To;sf] nfut c;'nL
hUuf PsLs/0f u/L ;8s, 9nlgsf;, lah'nL, vfg]kfgL
tyf v'nf If]qsf] ljsf; lgdf{0fdf nfUg] nfutvr{ /
cfof]hgf th'{df / sfof{Gjog ug]{ sfo{sf] nflu nfUg]
Joj:yfksLo vr{;d]t hUufwgLx¿n] Joxf]g'{ kg]{ x'gfn]
cfof]hgf Joj:yfkg pk;ldltn] sd nfutdf a9L
k|efjsf/L of]hgf th'{df u/L sfof{Gjog ug'{kg]{ x'G5 .
cfof]hgf Joj:yfkg vr{ nfut c;'nLaf/] hUufwgLsf
k|ltlglwd"ns pkef]Qmf ;ldltx¿;Fu Jofks 5nkmn u/L
hUufwgLx¿sf] cf}sft, pknAw u/fpg' kg]{ k"jf{wf/x¿sf]
lsl;d, :t/ cflb tf]Sg klg hUufwgLx¿sf] /fo;'emfj
pkef]Qmf ;ldlt dfkm{t\ ;Íng u/L of]hgf th'{df /
sfof{Gjog ug]{ ul/G5 .
&=* pkef]Qmf ;ldltsf] u7g, sfd, st{Jo / a}7s ;~rfng
&=*=! pkef]Qmf ;ldlt u7g
b]xfo adf]lhd ubf{ cfof]hgf sfof{Gjogdf ;kmntf k|fKt ePsf]
xfn;Ddsf] cg'ejn] b]vfPsf] 5 .
of]hgf th'{df / sfof{Gjog ug]{ sfo{df ;xof]u k'¥ofpg]
p2]Zon] cg';"rL !# cg'¿ksf] ;"rgf hf/L u/L cfof]hgf If]qsf
hUufwgL, df]xL, :yfgLo lgsfosf hgk|ltlglw / a'l4lhjL
;lDdlnt & b]lv !% ;b:oLo pkef]Qmf ;ldlt gu/ ljsf; P]g,
@)$% adf]lhd hUufwgLx¿sf] e]nfaf6 u7g ul/g]5 .
- 39 -
pkef]Qmf ;ldltdf b]xfosf kbflwsf/Lx¿ ;lDdlnt x'g
pko'Qm b]lvPsf] 5 M
s_ gu/kflnsfsf] ;DjlGwt j8f cWoIf jf ;DjlGwt ufpF ljsf;
;ldltsf cWoIf cWoIf–;+of]hs
v_ gu/kflnsfsf] ;DjlGwt j8fsf j8f;b:o jf ufpF ljsf;
;ldltsf ;DjlGwt j8fsf j8fWoIf ;b:o
u_ cfof]hgf If]qsf hUufwgL tyf df]xLsf #–# hgf k|ltlglw
-sDtLdf !–! hgf dlxnf x'g] u/L_ u/L ^ hgf ;b:o
3_ cfof]hgf If]qsf ;dfh;]jL tyf a'l4lhjLx¿dWo]af6 @ hgf
;b:o
pk/f]Qmfg';f/sf] pkef]Qmf ;ldlt hUuf wgLx¿sf] e]nfaf6
cfof]hgf If]qsf hUufwgL tyf df]xLx¿ dWo]af6 5fgL jf r'gL Joj:yf
ug'{ pko'Qm x'G5 . To;/L u7g ePsf] pkef]Qmf ;ldltnfO{ cf}krfl/stf
k|bfg ug{' sfg"g adf]lhd lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{nodf btf{ ug'{ cfjZos
b]lvG5 / pkef]Qmf ;ldltsf] a}7s 36Ldf dlxgfdf Psrf]6L a:g]
Joj:yf ug{ /fd|f] x'G5 . nuftf/ tLg k6s;Dd a}7sdf pkl:yt gx'g]
JolQmnfO{ x6fO{ csf]{ JolQmsf] rog ug'{ pko'Qm x'G5 . ;+of]hs
pkl:yt x'g g;s]sf] a]nf ;b:ox¿dWo] jl/i7 ;b:onfO{ ;+of]hs agfO{
a}7s ;~rfng u/L cfof]hgfnfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg' pkef]Qmf ;ldltsf]
k|d'v bfloTj /xg] x'G5 .
&=*=@ pkef]Qmf ;ldltsf] sfd, st{Jo b]xfoadf]lhd x'g' cfjZos b]lvG5 Ù
s_ cfof]hgf th'{df ug]{ lgsfonfO{ hUufwgL tyf df]xLx¿sf] ;d:of,
cfjZostf Pjd\ cf}sftaf/]df ljj/0f pknAw u/fO{ ;xof]u
k'¥ofpg] .
v_ cfof]hgfsf ljljw kIfaf/] hUufwgLx¿nfO{ hfgsf/L u/fpg],
hUufwgLx¿aLr 5nkmn u/fO{ /fo;'emfj pknAw u/fpg] / of]hgf
:jLs[ltsf] nflu ;DalGwt lgsfodf l;kmfl/; ug]{ .
- 40 -
u_ :jLs[t of]hgf sfof{Gjog ug{ k|rf/k|;f/ / of]hgfsf ljz]iftfx¿
af/] hUufwgLx¿ / df]xLx¿nfO{ cjut u/fpg] .
3_ hUufwgL tyf df]xLsf] ;xdlt / ;xeflutf h'6fpg] sfo{df kxn
tyf ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] .
ª_ gu/ ljsf; ;ldltn] k|rlnt sfg"g cg';f/ hUuf k|fKt ubf{
hUufwgLx¿nfO{ ;DemfOa'emfO{ s]sf] nflu hUuf k|fKt ug{ nfu]sf]
xf] tYo k|i6 u/fpg ;xof]u ug]{ .
r_ gu/ ljsf; ;ldlt P]gsf] bkmf !@=@ tyf !@=$ adf]lhd lbg' kg]{
yk hUuf lbPsfx¿af6 /sd hDdf u/L of]hgf sfof{Gjog ug{]
lgsfonfO{ ;xof]u ug]{ .
5_ :jLs[t of]hgf sfof{Gjog ug{ u/fpg rflxFbf] k|rf/k|;f/ /
hg;xeflutf pknAw u/fpg] . jflif{s sfo{qmd / ah]6
Joj:yfkgdf hUufwgLx¿sf] /fo;'emfj pknAw u/fpg] .
h_ cfof]hgf If]qdf x'g] lgdf{0f sfo{sf] u'0f:t/ sfod ug{ lgoldt
cg'udg ug]{ . cfof]hgf ultljlw / ljQLo vr{sf] cg'udg u/L
/fo;'emfj lbg] . hgtfsf u'gf;fx¿ eP of]hgf sfof{Gjog ug]{
lgsfonfO{ ;dod} af]w u/fpg] .
`_ cfof]hgf Joj:yfkg pk;ldltdf hUufwgL tyf df]xLsf] k|ltlglw
5gf}6 u/L k7fpg] .
6_ cfof]hgf If]qdf lgdf{0f x'g] ejgx¿ k|rlnt lgod–sfg"g /
dfkb08 cg';f/ ag]sf] 5, 5}g < cg'udg ug]{ . dfkb08 nfu" ug{
cfjZos ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] . ;fj{hlgs hUufx¿sf] ;+/If0f /
cltqmd0f x'g glbg ;xof]u ug]{ .
9_ cfof]hgf ;DkGg ePkl5 cfof]hgf If]qleq ljsf;lgdf{0f ePsf
ef}lts k"jf{wf/x¿sf] lhDdf lnO{ plrt Joj:yfkg / ;d'bfosf]
lxtdf pkof]u ug]{ u/fpg] .
- 41 -
v'nf If]q / ;fdflhs k"jf{wf/x¿ cfof]hgf If]qdf Joj:yf ug]{
;DjGwdf klg hUufwgL tyf df]xLx¿sf] ;Ë7g pkef]Qmf ;ldlt;Fu
Jofks 5nkmn u/L v'nfIf]qsf] cj:yf, If]qkmn tyf cGo
;fdflhs k"jf{wf/x¿ h:t}–:s"n, d7dlGb/, v]nd}bfg, xf6jhf/,
;fd'bflos If]q cflb Joj:yf ug{ cfof]hgf th'{dfs} cj:yfdf g}
to ul/G5 . v'nf If]qx¿ / ;fdflhs k"jf{wf/ hlta9L ljsf; ug{
;lsG5 Tolt g} To; If]qsf] dxTj a9\g] ePsf] / ;f] Joj:yf ug{
hUufwgL tyf df]xLn] a9L hUuf of]ubfg ug'{kg]{ ePsf]n] klg o;
ljifo pkef]Qmf ;ldltsf kbflwsf/Lx¿ / cfjZostf k/]df
;/f]sf/ ;d"xsf ;a}sf] /fo;'emfj ;Íng u/L lg0f{o lnFbf a9L
Jojxfl/s / pknlAwd"ns x'g] ub{5 .
0f_ rSnfaGbL / 38]/L Kn6x¿sf] :yfg lgwf{/0f gLlt
rSnfjGwL / 38]/L Kn6x¿sf] :yfg lgwf{/0f gLlt cg';f/ g}
;fljssf hUuf wgLx¿nfO{ hUuf lkmtf{ lbOg] x'gfn] rSnfjGbL gLltaf/]
klg pkef]Qmf ;ldltsf kbflwsf/Lx¿;Fu Jofks 5nkmn u/L lg0f{o
lnOG5 .
- 42 -
*= OlGhlgol/ª :6]088{ / l8hfOgx¿
*=! ;8ssf] lsl;d / :6]088{ qm; ;]S;gÙ
;8ssf] lsl;d / :6]088{ qm;–;]S;gx¿sf] gd"gf gS;fx¿
cg';"rL @! df b]vfOPsf] 5 . k|To]s hUuf PsLs/0f If]qsf] nflu
:jLs[t of]hgf cg';f/ 7fpF ljz]ifsf] e"–agf]6 tyf oftfoftsf] rfksf]
cfwf/df pk/f]Qm gd"gfdWo] ;f] 7fpFsf] nflu pko'Qm ;8ssf] lsl;d,
;8s ;Ldf / :t/ lgwf{/0f pkef]Qmf Pjd\ ;8s l8lehg / zx/L
ljsf; tyf ejg lgdf{0f l8lehg sfof{no h:tf nfOg Ph]G;Lsf] /fo
lnO{ osLg ug'{ pko'Qm x'G5 . s'g} af6f]n] csf]{ 7"nf] af6f] !)) dL=
eGbf sd b'/Ldf hf]8\g] cj:yfdf afx]s ;a} af6f]sf] rf}8fO Go"gtd $
dL= / ;]6 Aofs !–! dL= /fVg' pko'Qm x'G5 .
*=@ ;tx 9n k|0ffnLÙ
;tx 9nlgsf;sf] l8hfOg cg';"rL @@ df lbOPsf gd"gf
l8hfOgx¿ dWo]af6 7fpF ljz]if / pknAw ;|f]t–;fwg Pjd\ e"–agf]6sf]
cfwf/df 5fGg ;lsG5 . vfg]kfgL tyf 9nlgsf; ug]{ lhNnf l:ylt
sfof{nosf] / pkef]Qmfx¿sf] /fo;'emfj klg dgg u/L l8hfOg u/L
pko'Qm 9nlgsf;sf] Joj:yf ldnfpg' /fd|f] x'G5 . 38]/L ljsf;sf]
sf/0f lgs6:y aflx/L If]qdf k|lts"n k|efj gkfg]{ u/L Storm water
Retaintion Tank sf] lgdf{0f ug'{sf ;fy} ;flassf lgsf;x¿ ;a}nfO{
oyf;So pkof]u ug'{ kb{5 .
*=# kmf]x/kfgLsf] 9n k|0ffnLÙ
hUuf PsLs/0fkl5 ljsl;t 38]/Ldf ljleGg k|of]hgsf] nflu
ejg lgdf{0f ul/g] / a:tL ljsf; x'g] qmd a9\b} hfG5 . kmf]x/ kfgLsf]
9n Joj:yfkgsf] nflu 9nk|zf]wg s]Gb| cfof]hgf If]qsf hUufwgLx¿n]
- 43 -
of]ubfg u/]sf] hUufn] dfq agfpg sl7g ePsf] cj:yfdf gu/:t/ jf
j8f:t/sf 9nk|zf]wg s]Gb|sf] ljsf; ug'{ pko'Qm x'G5 . ctM To:tf]
9nk|zf]wg s]Gb|sf] nflu :yfgLo lgsfo jf s]Gb|Lo ;/sf/af6 ;xof]u
ug'{kg]{ x'G5 . 9nk|zf]wg s]Gb| ePsf] If]qdf kmf]x/ kfgLsf] 5'§} 9nlgsf;
Joj:yf u/L 9nk|zf]wg s]Gb|;Dd k'¥ofpg] Joj:yf hUuf PsLs/0f
cfof]hgfn] ug'{kb{5 . cfof]hgf If]qdf ;fj{hlgs hUuf w]/} 5 / ;f]
hUuf 9n k|zf]wg s]Gb|sf] nflu pko'Qm klg 5 eg] hUuf PsLs/0f
cfof]hgfn] 9nk|zf]wg s]Gb|sf] nflu hUuf 5'§ofOlbg] / To;/L pknAw
hUufdf :yfgLo lgsfon] 9nk|zf]wg s]Gb|sf] nflu nufgL ug'{ klg
cToGt pkof]uL l;4 x'G5 . 9nk|zf]wg s]Gb|sf] Joj:yf x'g g;s];Dd
k|To]s 38]/Ldf ;]K6Ls 6}+s / ;f]slk6 agfpg] jf %)–^) 3/sf] nflu
Ps ;fd'bflos ;]K6Ls 6}+s / ;f]slk6sf] Joj:yf u/L kmf]x/
9nlgsf;sf] Joj:yf clgjfo{ ¿kdf ug]{ Joj:yf ug'{kb{5 .
*=$ vfg]kfgL ljt/0f k|0ffnLÙ
hUuf PsLs/0f ug]{ If]qjl/kl/ pknAw vfg]kfgL ljt/0f
k|0ffnLnfO{ g} lj:tf/ u/L cfof]hgf If]qsf] nflu vfg]kfgL ljt/0f
k|0ffnLsf] l8hfOg ug{ ;lsG5 . cfof]hgf If]qaflx/sf] vfg]kfgLn] ck'u
x'g] cj:yfdf vfg]kfgLsf] ;|f]t a9fpg] pkfo jf cfof]hgf If]qleq g}
ulx/f] Ogf/ vgL kfgL lgsfNg], ;+ro ug]{, k|zf]wg u/L ljt/0f ug]{
Joj:yf ubf{ a9L nfut nfUg ;S5 . To;}n] cfof]hgf If]qaflx/
eO/fv]sf] ljt/0f k|0ffnLnfO{ g} ;'b[9 ug'{ pko'Qm x'G5 . vfg]kfgL
ljt/0f k|0ffnLsf] nflu lhNnf l:yt vfg]kfgL sfof{nosf] k|fljlws
;xof]u k|fKt ug'{ of]hgfsf] nflu nfebfos x'g]5 .
*=% v'nf If]q ljsf; -kfs{ lgdf{0f_Ù
hUuf PsLs/0f u/L a:tL ljsf; ug]{ If]qdf hlt a9L v'nfIf]q
x'G5 Tolt /fd|f] x'G5 . t/, a9L v'nf If]qsf] nflu hUufwgLx¿n] w]/}
hUuf Joxf]g'{ kg]{ x'G5 . ;fj{hlgs k|of]udf /x]sf] ;fljs ktL{hUuf
hUufwgLx¿n] of]ubfg ug]{ hUuf u/L slDtdf klg %Ü hUuf v'nfIf]qsf]
nflu 5'§\ofpg' pko'Qm x'G5 . v'nfIf]qsf] ljsf; / cj:yf tf]Sbf
- 44 -
;a}nfO{ kfos kg]{ u/L ljleGg 7fpFdf 36Ldf #)) a=dL= / Go"gtd !@
ld6/ rf}8fsf] v'nf If]qx¿ Joj:yf ug'{k5{ . To:t} v'nfIf]qnfO{
cltqmd0f gx'g] Joj:yf u/L 6f]nl5d]ssf jfl;Gbfn] b}lgs /]vb]v,
;+ef/ / ;+/If0f u/L pkef]u ug]{ jftfj/0f ldnfO lbg' pko'Qm x'G5 .
*=^ ljB't\ ljt/0f k|0ffnLÙ
g]kfn ljB't\ k|flws/0fsf] ;xof]u lnO{ hUuf PsLs/0f
cfof]hgfnfO{ ldNg] u/L ljB't\ ljt/0f k|0ffnLsf] Joj:yf ug'{ kb{5 .
ljB't\ ljt/0f k|0ffnLsf] nflu nfUg] nfut sf] %)Ü ;Dd cfof]hgf
Joj:yfkg pk;ldltn] Joxf]/L g]kfn ljB't\ k|flws/0fsf] Joj:yfkgnfO{
cg'/f]w u/L ljB't k|flws/0faf6 Joj:yf u/]sf pbfx/0fx¿ klg 5g\ .
cjwf/0ff cfof]hgf :jLs[t ePsf] nuQ} g]kfn ljB't\ k|flws/0fnfO{
cg'/f]w u/]df g]kfn ljB't\ k|flws/0fsf] jflif{s sfo{qmddf ;dfj]z u/]/
klg ljt/0f k|0ffnLsf] Joj:yf x'g ;S5 .
*=& b"/;~rf/ k|0ffnLÙ
lhNnfl:yt b"/;~rf/ ;+:yfgnfO{ :jLs[t of]hgfsf] k|ltlnlk
k7fO{ b"/;~rf/ ljt/0f k|0ffnL cfof]hgf If]qsf] nflu dfu u/L ;xof]u
dfu]sf] cj:yfdf pQm ;+:yfn] cfˆgf] jflif{s sfo{qmddf ;dfj]z u/L
Joj:yf ug{ ;Qm5 . b"/ ;~rf/ ljt/0f k|0ffnLsf] of]hgf / l8hfOg
b"/;~rf/ ;]jf k|bfos lgsfos} k|fljlws ;xof]u lnO{ tof/ ug'{ pko'Qm
x'G5 .
- 45 -
- 46 -
(= nufgL / nfut c;'nL k|lqmof
s'g} klg of]hgf sfof{Gjog ug{ ljQLo Joj:yf x'g' cToGt
h?/L x'G5 . hUuf PsLs/0f of]hgf ;~rfng ug{ cfly{s ;|f]t
:yfgLo:t/af6} kl/rfng ul/g] ePtf klg rflxg z'¿ k"FhL (up front
budget) lgDg ;|f]tx¿af6 k|fKt ug{ ;lsG5 .
!= g]kfn ;/sf/sf] cg'bfg -g]kfn ;s/fsf] nufgL_,
@= :yfgLo lgsfosf] cg'bfg -:yfgLo lgsfosf] nufgL_,
#= g]kfn ;/sf/sf ;Da4 nfOg Ph]G;Lx¿sf] nufgL -;8s laefu,
vfg]kfgL ljefu jf ;+:yfg, g]kfn ljB't k|flws/0f, g]kfn
b"/;~rf/ ;+:yfg OToflb_,
$= bft[/fi6«x¿af6 k|fKt C0f jf cg'bfg,
%= ljQLo ;+3;+:yfaf6 k|fKt C0f -gu/ ljsf; sf]if, sd{rf/L
;~rosf]if tyf jfl0fHo a}+sx¿_,
^= gu/ ljsf; ;ldltsf] cfˆg} sf]if, /
&= cf/lIft hUuf laqmLaf6 k|fKt /sd .
xfn;Dd sf7df8f}+ pkTosfdf ;~rflnt bh{g eGbf a9L hUuf
PsLs/0f cfof]hgfx¿dWo] clwsf+z of]hgfsf] nflu sf7df8f}+ pkTosf
gu/ ljsf; ;ldltsf] sf]ifaf6 z'¿ k"FhL k|bfg ul/Psf] lyof] eg] b'O{
j6f of]hgfx¿df gu/kflnsfaf6, Pp6fdf jfl0fHo a}Íaf6 C0f ;xof]u
lnO{ of]hgfx¿ ul/Psf] lyof] eg] zx/L ljsf; tyf ejg lgdf{0f
ljefusf] hUuf ljsf; rqmsf]ifn] klg C0f lbO/x]sf] 5 . Pp6f
cfof]hgfdf PlzofnL ljsf; a}+saf6 C0f lnO{ g]kfn ;/sf/n] lbPsf]
cg'bfg ;xof]u k|of]u ePsf] 5 . dWok'/ l7dLdf ;~rflnt l;lG66f/
hUuf PsLs/0f cfof]hgfdf eg] hUufwgLx¿ / df]xLaf6 s§f u/L
lnPsf] / nfut c;'nLsf] nflu cf/lIft hUuf s[lif ljsf; a}+ÍnfO{ a]rL
- 47 -
ef}lts k"jf{wf/ ljsf;sf] nflu rflxg] z'¿ k"FhL h'6fOPsf] lyof] . zx/L
;]jf;'ljwf k'¥ofpg] ;+3;+:yf / gu/ ljsf; sf]ifaf6 xfn;Dd hUuf
PsLs/0f cfof]hgfdf s'g} pNn]vgLo nufgL ePsf] 5}g . ljQLo
;+3;+:yf vf; u/L jfl0fHo a}+Íaf6 cfof]hgf ;~rfng ug{ z'¿ k"FhLsf]
¿kdf cfjZos C0f lng ;Qm5 / cfof]hgf If]qdf af6f]3f6f], 9n,
v'nfIf]q cflbsf] ljsf; ul/;s]kl5 hUufwgLx¿ / df]xLx¿sf] hUufaf6
s§L u/L nfut c;'nLsf] nflu cg';"rL !$ df lbOPsf] ljj/0f cg';f/
5'6\ofOPsf] hUufsf] laqmL ljt/0f ul/G5 / laqmL ljt/0faf6 p7]sf]
s/daf6 C0fsf] ;fFjf / Aofh ltg]{ Joj:yf u/L hUuf PsLs/0f
cfof]hgf ;~rfngdf ePsf] nufgL Joxf]/L of]hgf ;DkGg ul/G5 .
- 48 -
!)= ljBdfg sfg"gL k|fjwfgx¿
hUuf PsLs/0f sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug]{ sfg"gL Joj:yf gu/
ljsf; P]g, @)$% sf] bkmf !@ df pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . To:t} :yfgLo
:jfoQ zf;g P]g, @)%% sf] bkmf (^ / !!! df klg gu/kflnsfx¿n]
hUuf PsLs/0f cfof]hgf ;~rfng ug{ ;Sg] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 . bkmf
!@ sf] cltl/Qm gu/ ljsf; P]g, @)$% sf] bkmf #, *, / !^ sf]
sfg"gL Joj:yf cg';f/ klg hUuf PsLs/0f cfof]hgf ;~rfng ug{' kg]{
x'G5 . gu/ ljsf; ;ldltaf6 hUuf PsLs/0f cfof]hgf ;~rfng ug]{
;DaGwdf lgDgfg';f/sf] sfg"gL Joj:yf /x]sf] kfO{G5 .
!= gu/ ljsf; P]gsf] bkmf !@=!=@ adf]lhd s'g} 7fpFdf hUuf
PsLs/0f sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug{ of]hgf If]qsf slDtdf %)Ü
hUufwgL tyf df]xLx¿sf] ;xdlt h'6fO{ pkef]Qmf ;ldlt u7g u/L
;f] ;ldltsf] ;xof]u lnO{ hUuf PsLs/0f sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug{
;lsG5 .
@= hUuf PsLs/0f sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug{] lg0f{o u/L ;f] If]qsf
hUufx¿sf] lsQfsf6 ug{ / ;f] If]qleq s'g} klg lgdf{0f sfo{ ug{
gu/ ljsf; P]gsf] bkmf * n] lbPsf] clwsf/ k|of]u u/L cg';"rL (
cg';f/sf] ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf k|sfzg u/L /f]Ssf /flvg] ul/G5 .
#= ;/hldgdf of]hgf If]qsf] ;LdfÍg / cfjZos k/] of]hgf If]qsf]
hUuf gfk gS;f u/L, u/fO{ If]qkmn osLg u/L lsQf gfkL
gS;fnfO{ cBfjlws agfO{ cfwf/ gS;f tof/ ul/G5 .
$= cfof]hgf If]qsf] If]qkmn osLg ePkl5 ;f] If]qdf rflxg] af6f]3f6f],
9n, v'nf If]q, ;fd'bflos ;]jf If]q cflbsf] nflu cfjZos hUuf
5'§ofO{ ;fljssf hUufwgLx¿nfO{ lkmtf{lbg] hUufnfO{ AnsAnsdf
5'§ofO{ cjwf/0ff of]hgfsf] vfsf tof/ ug]{ ul/G5 . ;fljssf]
- 49 -
hUufwgLn] ;dfg'kflts ¿kdf of]ubfg ug'{kg]{ hUuf s6fO{ lkmtf{
kfpg] hUufsf] Kn6 / If]qkmn s'g xf] ;f] ;d]tsf] nfut /
rSnfaGbL gS;f tof/ kfg{ pkef]Qmf ;ldlt;Fu cGt/lqmof u/L
k|f/lDes rSnfaGbL gS;f tof/ kfl/G5 . o:tf] rSnfaGbL
gS;fnfO{ ;fj{hlgs ;"rgfsf] dfWodaf6 ;DalGwt hUufwgL /
df]xLx¿sf] aLrdf k|:t't u/L /fo;'emfj tyf k|ltlqmof ;Íng Ps
r/0faf6 ul/G5 . tt\kZrft\ rSnfaGbL gS;fdf cfjZos k/]df
yk ;'wf/ ;d]t ul/G5 .
%= o;/L Ps r/0faf6 tof/ kfl/Psf] rSnfaGbL gS;f pkef]Qmf
;ldltdf k'gM 5nkmn u/L ;ldltsf] l;kmfl/;;lxt cfof]hgf
Joj:yfkg pk;ldltaf6 kfl/t u/fOG5 . of] cjwf/0ff of]hgf
gu/ ljsf; P]gsf] bkmf # adf]lhd zx/L ljsf; dGqfno dfkm{t
g]kfn ;/sf/sf] :jLs[lt k|fKt ug'{kb{5 .
^= g]kfn ;/sf/df gu/ ljsf; P]gsf] bkmf # adf]lhd :jLs[t x'g
k]z ubf{ lgDg ljj/0fx¿ ;+nUg x'g'kb{5 M !_ cfof]hgf If]qsf]
rf/lsNnf @_ cfof]hgf If]qsf] s'n If]qkmn #_ lsQf ;ª\Vof $_
ef}lts k"jf{wf/ ljsf;sf gSzf %_ of]hgfaf6 pknAw u/fpg]
k"jf{wf/x¿sf] ljj/0f -nDafO, rf}8fO, If]qkmn / :t/;d]t_ ^_
k"jf{wf/ ljsf;sf nflu rflxg] hUuf / ljsf; lgdf{0fsf] nflu
nufgL ug'{kg]{ s'n vr{sf] cg'dfg &_ ;f] vr{ pknAw x'g] ;|f]t *_
hUuf of]ubfg k|ltztsf] lgwf{/0f l;4fGt (_ hUuf lkmtf{ ug]{ gLlt
/ !)_ g]kfn ;/sf/, :yfgLo lgsfo ;DalGwt nfOg Ph]G;Lx¿sf]
e"ldsf .
&= :yfgLo lgsfo jf u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf jf /lhi68{ sDkgLaf6 ul/g]
hUuf PsLs/0f sfo{qmdsf] of]hgf gu/ ljsf; ;ldlt ePsf]
7fpFdf ;f] ;ldltsf] / gePsf] 7fpFdf gu/ ljsf; lhNnf ;dGjo
;ldltsf] / ;f] ;ldlt klg gePdf 7fpFdf gu/ ljsf; s]Gb|Lo
;dGjo ;ldltsf] l;kmfl/;df g]kfn ;/sf/af6 :jLs[t
u/fpg'kb{5 .
- 50 -
*= g]kfn ;/sf/af6 of]hgf :jLs[t ePkl5 ;j{ ;fwf/0fsf]
hfgsf/Lsf] nflu /fh–kqdf ;"rgf k|sflzt ug'{ kb{5 .
gu/kflnsf jf cGo ;+3;+:yfn] ;~rfng ug]{ of]hgfsf] xsdf
g]kfn ;/sf/af6 :jLs[t ePsf] ;"rgf cg';"rL !% /fli6«o b}lgs
klqsf dfkm{t\ ;"rgf hf/L ug'{ kb{5 .
(= :jLs[t hUuf PsLs/0f cfof]hgfsf] nflu cfjZos kg]{ hUuf gu/
ljsf; P]g, @)$% sf] bkmf !@ jf !^ / hUuf k|flKt Pg], @)#$
adf]lhd k|fKt ug{ ;lsG5 .
!)= g]kfn ;/sf/af6 :jLs[t ePsf] cjwf/0ff of]hgfsf] clwgdf /xL
hUufwgLx¿nfO{ lkmtf{ lbg] hUufx¿ 5'l§g] u/L rSnfjGbL gS;f
tof/ kfl/G5 . o:tf] gS;f pkef]Qmf ;ldltdf 5nkmn u/fO{
;ldltsf] l;kmfl/;;lxt :jLs[ltsf] nflu cfof]hgf Joj:yfkg
pk;ldltdf k]z ul/G5 . cfof]hgf Aoj:yfkg ;ldltaf6 :jLs[t
ePkl5 ToxL gS;fnfO{ g} lsQf gfkL gS;fdf kl/0ft ul/G5 .
!!= :jLs[t ePsf] hUuf PsLs/0f cfof]hgf sfof{Gjog ug{ cfof]hgfn]
cfof]hgf If]qsf] hUuf k|fKt ug'{ kg]{ x'G5 . To;sf] nflu hUuf
k|flKt P]g, @)#$ adf]lhd cfof]hgf If]qsf] rf/lsNnf vf]nL
cfof]hgf If]qsf] hUuf k|flKt ug{ / ;f] k|of]hgsf] k|f/lDes
clwsf/L tf]Sg] Joj:yf;d]t x'g, zx/L ljsf; dGqfno dfkm{t
g]kfn ;/sf/df lg0f{ofy{ l6Kk0fL k]z ug'{ k5{ . g]kfn ;/sf/n]
;fwf/0ftof cfof]hgf k|d'v jf clws[t:t/sf] of]hgfsf]
sd{rf/LnfO{ k|f/lDes clwsf/L tf]Sg] ub{5 . o;/L tf]lsPsf]
k|f/lDes clwsf/Ln] hUuf k|flKt P]g, @)#$ adf]lhd cfjZos
hUufsf] gfkhfFr u/L ;DalGwt ;a}sf] hfgsf/Lsf]nflu cg';"rL
!^ cg'¿ksf] ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf k|sfzg u/L b]xfo adf]lhdsf]
ljj/0f ;lxt g]kfn ;/sf/sf] hUuf k|fKt ug]{ lg0f{o ;+nUg /fvL
!% lbgleq ;DalGwt lhNnfsf k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L;dIf k]z ug'{
kb{5 .
- 51 -
s_ hUuf PsLs/0f cfof]hgfsf] nflu s'g 7fpFsf] s], slt hUuf
k|fKt u/L lng' kg]{ xf] ;f] ljj/0f,
v_ hUuf PsLs/0f sfo{qmd ;~rfngaf6 s], slt 38]/L pknAw
eO{ slt kl/jf/sf] nflu a;f]af;sf] cfjZostf kl/k'lt{ x'g]
xf] ;f] sf] ljj/0f,
u_ k|fKt ug'{ kg]{ hUufsf] lsQf gDa/, If]qkmn / rf/ lsNnf
k|i6 x'g] /]vflÍt lsQf gfkL gSzf,
3_ hUufwgL;Fu cfk;L ;dembf/Ldf jftf{åf/f hUuf lng ;lsg]
jf g;lsg], osLg eP To;sf] ljj/0f,
ª_ k|fKt ul/g] hUufjfkt lbOg] Ifltk"lt{ xf] jf ljsl;t 38]/L
xf], :ki6 ljj/0f,
r_ Ifltk"lt{ jfkt ljsl;t 38]/L g} lkmtf{ lbg] u/L hUuf k|fKt
ubf{ afx]s cGo cj:yfdf Ifltk"lt{sf] nflu rflxg] /sdsf]
Joj:yf ug]{ ;|f]t / o; ;DaGwL ljj/0f,
pko'Qm cg';f/sf] ljj/0f;lxt :jLs[t hUuf lbg] u/L hUuf
cfof]hgfsf] nflu hUuf k|fKt ug]{ ;DaGwdf ;"rgf k|sflzt ug]{ dfu
eO{ cfPkl5 k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/Ln] ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf k|sfzg u/L
hUuf k|fKt ul/lbg] Joj:yf ub{5g\ . o;/L k|fKt ul/g] hUufsf
hUufwgLx¿nfO{ cfof]hgf If]qaf6 lj:yflkt gx'g] Joj:yf ldnfpg'
kb{5 .
hUuf PsLs/0f cfof]hgfdf ;fljs hUufjfnfnfO{ hUuf pknAw
u/fPafkt ;]jf;'ljwfo'Qm ljsl;t 38]/L hUufwgL tyf df]xLnfO{ lbO{
cfof]hgf If]qsf hUufwgL tyf df]xLnfO{ lj:yflkt gx'g] Joj:yf ul/G5 .
- 52 -
!!= hUuf lkmtf{ lbg ckgfOg] gLlt
hUuf lkmtf{ lbg ckgfOg] gLltx¿ cfof]hgf If]qsf] pkef]Qmf
;ldlt;Fu lj:t[t 5nkmn u/L tof/ kfl/G5 / cfof]hgf Joj:yfkg
pk;ldltaf6 :jLs[t ePkl5 pQm gLlt nfu" u/L hUuf lkmtf{ lbOG5 .
hUuf Knl6Ë ug{ -rSnfaGbL gS;f tof/ kfg{ jf hUuf lkmtf{ lbg_
ckgfOg] gLlt lgDg cg';f/ x'g /fd|f] x'G5 .
!= s'g} klg lsQfnfO{ ;s];Dd klxn]s} :yfg jf ;f] sf] cf;kf;df
;xof]u ;ldltsf] lg0f{o cg';f/ qmdzM lkmtf{ lbg] Joj:yf
ldnfpg] .
@= k|:tfljt e"–pkof]u juL{s/0f cg';f/ lsQfsf] Go"gtd If]qkmn
sfod ul/G5 . lsQfsf] Go"gtd If]qkmn *) j=dL= x'g'kb{5 .
#= k|:tfljt e"pkof]u juL{s/0f cg';f/ lsQfsf] Go"gtd df]x8f
sfod ul/G5 . Go"gtd df]x8f ^ dL= x'g'kb{5 .
$= lkmtf{ lbOg] lsQfsf] If]qkmn *) j=dL= eGbf ;fgf] x'g] ePdf
cfof]hgfn] tf]s]sf] d"No lnO{ gk'u hUuf yk u/L ;DalGwt
hUufwgLnfO{ lkmtf{ lbg'kb{5 .
%= ;DalGwt hUufwgLn] To;/L hUuf yk u/L lng gdfg]df
cfof]hgfsf] d"No cg';f/ ;f] hUuf cfof]hgfn] g} vl/b u/L lng
;lsG5 .
^= lkmtf{ lbOg] lsQfsf] If]qkmn *) j=dL= eGbf ;fgf] jf df]x8f ^
dL= eGbf sd x'g] cj:yfdf @ jf @ eGbf a9L hUufwgLx¿
ldnL Pp6} hUuf lkmtf{ lng rfx]df ;+o'Qm¿kdf lkmtf{ lbOg]5 .
&= Go"gtd If]qkmn k'¥ofpg hUuf yk ug'{ kg]{ cj:yfdf Psd'i7
/sd a'emfpg g;Sg] egL dfu e} cfPdf :yfgLo ;xof]u
- 53 -
;ldltn] lgj]bgsf] dfu l7s nfu]df Joj:yfkg pk–;ldltdf
;j{;Ddt lg0f{o u/L l;kmfl/; k7fpg ;Sg]5 . o;/L k7fPsf]
l;kmfl/; Joj:yfkg pk–;ldltsf] lg0f{on] cfof]hgfsf] afFsL
sfd ;DkGg ug]{ cg'dfg u/L ;f] cjlwleq r'Qmf ug]{ u/L
ef]urng ug{ lbg] / ;Dk"0f{ /sd r'Qmf eP kZrft\ hUufwgL
k|df0f k'hf{ pknAw u/fOg]5 .
*= b'O{ af6f]df df]xbf ePsf] lsQfsf] ;DaGwdf ;f] hUufsf] df]x8f
7"nf] af6f]tkm{ sfod u/L of]ubfg (Contribution) tflnsfsf]
d2taf6 7"nf] af6f]sf] lgldQ rflxg] hUuf s§f ul/G5 / b'O{tkm{
df]x8f ePsf k|To]s lsQf afkt yk hUuf of]ubfg lnOG5 .
cg';"rL –^ ;xof]uL x'G5 .
(= Corner Plot Plotting ubf{ ;fljs Corner df g} /x]sf] Kn6nfO{
klxnf] k|fyldstf lbO{ Plotting ul/G5 . To;/L Plotting ubf{
;fljs hUufwgLn] Corner Plot lng grfx]df glhs /x]sf] 7"nf]
lsQfnfO{ lbOG5 . Plotting ubf{ To;/L 7"nf] lsQf /fVg gldNg]
ePdf Sales Plot sf] ¿kdf /flvg] ul/G5 .
!)= s'g} sg{/ Kn6df kg]{ hUufsf] cfjZos of]ubfg Contributiion
s6fO{ afFsL hUufsf] If]qkmn Go"gtd eGbf 36L ePsf] cj:yfdf
;f]xL 7fpFdf g} hUufwgLn] hUuf lkmtf{ lng rfx]df cfof]hgfn]
tf]s]sf] d"No lt/L hUuf yk ug'{kg]{ x'G5 .
!!= s'g} ;fljs Kn6af6 b'O{ j6f jf ;f] eGbf a9L af6f]x¿ k|:tfljt
eO{ ;f] lsQf Ps j6f eGbf a9L sg{/ Kn6df ljeflht x'g]
cj:yf cfPdf ;fwf/0ftof ;a}eGbf a9L If]qkmn ePsf]
s/g/df Ps dfq lsQf lbOg] ul/G5 .
!@= 3/ ePsf] hUufsf] lsQfsf6 ubf{ ‰ofn 9f]sf ePsf] tkm{
sDtLdf !=% dL Set Back hUuf /fvL lsQf tof/ ul/G5 . t/,
af6f]tkm{ eg] sDtLdf ! dL Set BAck /flvG5 .
!#= !=% dL= eGbf a9L rf}8f af6f];Fu hf]l8Psf lsQfx¿sf]
;DaGwdf Ps lsQfsf] ulx/fO{ ;DdnfO{ ;fljs af6f]sf]
- 54 -
!!= hUuf lkmtf{ lbg ckgfOg] gLlt
rf}8fOsf] cfwf/df of]ubfg (contribution) s6fOG5 / ;f] eGbf
k5fl8sf] hUufnfO{ uf]/]6f] af6f];Fu hf]l8Psf] lsQfnfO{ nfUg]
of]ubfg cg';f/sf] hUuf s§f ul/G5 .
!$= uf]/]6f] / vf]N;f] s'nf];Fu hf]l8Psf] lsQfx¿sf] xsdf klxnf] Plot
Depth ;DdnfO{ uf]/]6f] af6f] -! ld= rf}8faf6f]_ sf] ;'ljwf lbO{
cfjZos of]ubfg s6fOG5 / ;f] eGbf k5fl8sf] hUufnfO{ af6f]
gePsf] hUufsf] ¿kdf lnOG5 .
!%= !* dL= ulx/fO ;Ddsf] hUufnfO{ klxnf] lsQf ulx/fO dflgG5 .
!^= s'g} lsQfsf] k"/f efu cfof]hgf If]qleq gk/L s]xL efudfq
cfof]hgf If]qleq k/]sf]df k/]sf] efunfO{ dfq 5'§} lsQfsf] ¿kdf
lnOG5 . t/, af6f]sf] ;'ljwfsf] xsdf !! / !@ df g} pNn]v eP
cg';f/ af6f]sf] ;'ljwf lbOG5 . ;fy} Ps} JolQmsf]
cfof]hgfaflx/ kg]{ lsQfsf] af6f]nfO{ 5f]Psf] Joj:yfdf klg !!
/ !@ df pNn]v eP cg';f/ g} af6f]sf] ;'ljwf lbg] ul/G5 .
!&= s'g} ;+3;+:yfsf] nflu hUuf lbg k|:tfljt u/]sf] 7fpF lbg' kbf{
pQm 7fpFdf klxnf] r/0fdf ;fljssf hUufx¿nfO{ g} lsQfsf6
ul/G5 / kl5 tL hUufwgLx¿NffO{ Sales Plot x¿af6 5gf}6 ug{
nufO{ ;f] hUuf pQm ;+3;+:yfnfO{ lbg 5'§ofOG5 .
!*= ;fwf/0ftof ;fljsdf @)) ju{ dL6/;Dd If]qkmn ePsf] Ps}
JolQmsf] Ps jf Ps eGbf a9L lsQfx¿nfO{ ;dfof]hg
(Accumulation) u/L Plot lkmtf{ lbOG5 .
h:t}, s'g} Ps JolQmsf] ^) ju{ dL6/, !%) ju{ dL6/ tyf @%) ju{
dL6/ u/L tLg 7fpFdf hUuf ePsf] cj:yfdf ^) ju{ dL6/ /
!%) ju{ dL6/nfO{ Psd"i6 Ps lsQf tyf @%) ju{ dL6/nfO{
5§} lsQfsf hUuf lkmtf{ lbOG5 . !%) ju{ dL6/ eGbf a9L
If]qkmn ePsf lsQfx¿nfO{ klg Ps} 7fpFdf lkmtf{ kfpgsf]
lgldQ dfu eO{ cfPdf ;fljs;Fu}sf] lkmtf{ lbg] 7fpFsf] lsQfaf6
lj/f]w gePdf Ps} 7fpFdf hDdf lkmtf{ lbg' pko'Qm x'G5 .
!(= lkmN8 / gfkL gS;fdf af6f]sf] rf}8fO km/s ePsf] cj:yfdf jf
gofF af6f] vf]n]sf] cj:yfdf gS;f cg';f/ lsQfaf6 s§f ug]{
u/L of]ubfgsf] lx;fa ul/G5 .
- 55 -
@)= v'nf If]q;Fu} k/]sf] hUufn] yk ! k|ltzt hUuf of]ubfg ug'{ kg]{
x'G5 . ;fy} v'nf If]qsf] ;Ldfgf af6f] ePdf ;Fu} /x]sf] v'nf
If]qsf] cufl8sf] hUufn] )=%) k|ltzt dfq of]ubfg u/] k'U5 .
of] Joj:yf * dL= eGbf a9L rf}8f af6f]sf] xsdf eg] nfu" x'Fb}g .
@!= s'nf]sf] bfofF afofF k|:tfljt %÷% dL= sf] af6f]nfO{ ;'ljwfsf]
cfwf/df ^÷^ dL= af6f] dflgG5 .
@@= ljsl;t 38]/LnfO{ cfof]hgfn] tf]s]sf] If]qkmn tyf df]x8f eGbf
sd x'g] u/L lsQf sf6 ug{ kfOFb}g .
@#= cfof]hgfleq k/]sf] ljsl;t hUufaf6 cfof]hgf;Fu}sf] t/
cfof]hgf aflx/sf] hUufnfO{ af6f]sf] ¿kdf k|of]u ug{ lbg
kfOFb}g . ljsl;t 38]/LnfO{ lsQfsf6 u/]/ cfof]hgf aflx/sf]
hUufnfO{ af6f], 9nsf] ;'ljwf lbFbf eljiodf af6f]3f6f] / 9n
ck'u x'g hfG5 .
- 56 -
!@= x:tfGt/0f, cg'udg / d"Nof°g
!= x:tfGt/0f
hUuf PsLs/0f cfof]hgf ;DkGg eP kl5 ToxfF ljsl;t
38]/Lx¿ JolQmsf gfddf sfod x'g] x'gfn] ltgLx¿sf] x:tfGt/0f /
x:tfGt/0fkl5sf] :jfldTj, pkef]u / JoJ:yfkg ljifodf s'g} ;d:of
x'Fb}g . t/, cfof]hgf If]qdf lgdf{0f x'g] ;8s, 9n lgsf;, vfg]kfgL /
lah'nL ljt/0f k|0ffnL nufotsf k"jf{wf/ ;+/rgfsf] :jfldTj, dd{t
;Def/, cfof]hgf If]qleq sfod ul/Psf ;fd'bflos k|of]hgsf
ejg:yn, v'nfIf]q jf xl/ofnL If]qsf] ¿kdf x'g] ;fj{hlgs k|of]hgsf
hUufsf] :jfldTj / k|of]u cflbsf af/]df s] x'g] < s], slt ;]jf;'ljwf
;DalGwt lgsfodf x:tfGt/0f x'g] / s], slt :yfgLo pkef]QmfnfO{
x:tfGt/0f ug]{ < pkef]QmfnfO{ x:tfGt/0f x'g] k"Jff{wf/ jf ;]jf ;'ljwfsf]
;~rfng s;/L ug]{ < ;~rfngsf] ;'k/Lj]If0f, cg'udg s;/L x'g] cflb
ljifodf k|rlnt gu/ ljsf; P]g, @)$% df s'g} :ki6 Joj:yf /x]sf]
5}g . o; ljifodf lgodfjnLsf] th'{df klg gePsf]n] o;af/] :ki6
sfg"gL Joj:yfsf] cefj /x]sf] kfOG5 . t;y{, o;af/]df g]kfn
;/sf/af6 gLltsf] Joj:yf ;Dd ePsf] 5 . tTsfnLg sf7df08f}
pkTosf gu/ ljsf; ;ldltn] x:tfGt/0f gLlt tyf sfo{ljlwsf] nfu"
ub}{ cfPsf] 5 .
of] gLlt tyf sfo{ljlw g]kfn ;/sf/af6 :jLs[t ePsf]n]
glj;x¿n] hUuf PsLs/0f k|lqmof adf]lhd ;~rfng u/]sf] jf ;f] hUuf
ljsf; sfo{qmdleq pknAw u/fOg] ;]jf;'ljwf jf ul/g] lgdf{0f sfo{sf]
nufgLdf :yfgLo hgtfsf] ;xeflutf jf of]ubfg ePsf] cfof]hgfsf]
;DaGwdf nfu" ug{' plrt x'G5 .
- 57 -
!=!= x:tfGt/0f of]Uo cfof]hgf / x:tfGt/0f lg0f{o
s_ hUuf PsLs/0f cfof]hgf ;~rfng x'g] qmddf pQm cfof]hgf
If]qleq h]–hlt ;]jf;'ljwf / k"jf{wf/sf] Joj:yf ug]{ elgPsf]
lyof] ;f] adf]lhdsf] sfd ePkl5 / cfof]hgfleq clwsf+z
hUuf ;DalGw hUufwgLx¿nfO{ lkmtf{ ul/Pkl5 pQm cfof]hgf
x:tfGt/0f ug{ ;lsg]5 .
v_ cfof]hgf x:tfGt/0fsf] nflu ;DalGwt cfof]hgf Joj:yfkg
pk;ldtsf] l;kmfl/; adf]lhd ;DalGwt gu/ ljsf; ;ldltn]
pQm cfof]hgfsf] xsdf b]xfosf ljj/0fx¿ ;+nUg u/L
:jLs[ltsf] lgldQ g]kfn ;/sf/;dIf k]z ug'{ kb{5 .
!_ x:tfGt/0f ul/g] cfof]hgfsf] gfM–
@_ cfof]hgfsf] ;+lIfKt ljj/0fM–
@=!_ cfof]hgfsf] p2]Zo M–
@=@_ cfof]hgf If]qsf] ef}uf]lns tyf k|zf;lgs cjl:ylt
-cfof]hgf If]qsf] 7]ufgf tyf rf/lsNnf, gfkL
gS;fsf] cjl:ylt cflb_M–
@=#_ ;fljsdf /x]sf] cfof]hgf If]qsf] hUufsf] ljj/0fM–
@=$_ s'n If]qkmnM–
@=%_ s'n lsQf ;ª\VofM–
@=^_ hUufwgL jf df]xLsf] ;ª\VofM–
@=&_ ;fljs e"pkof]usf] cj:yf -s[lif, j;f]jf;, v'nfIf]q,
;]jf;'ljwf If]q tyf cGo ;fj{hlgs hUuf cflb_M–
#_ cfof]hgf nfu" ubf{ ckgfOg] gLlt -ljsl;t 38]/L lgdf{0f
ug]{, lkmtf{ ug]{, ;]jf;'ljwf pknAw u/fpg] jf s'g} klg
k|of]hgsf] nflu hUufsf] pkof]u ug]{ ;DaGwdf ckgfOPsf]
d'Vod'Vo gLlt_ ;lxt ;f] ;DaGwdf g]kfn ;/sf/ jf
- 58 -
!@= x:tfGt/0f, cg'udg / d"Nof‚g
cfof]hgf Joj:yfkg pk;ldltaf6 ePsf ;Dk"0f{ ;DalGwt
lg0f{ox¿ .
$_ cfof]hgf ;~rfngsf] Joj:yfksLo kIf / ;DalGwt
;/f]sf/ jfnfx¿sf] ;xeflutfsf] :j¿k -gu/ ljsf;
;ldlt, cfof]hgf Joj:yfkg pk;ldlt, pkef]Qmf ;ldlt,
:yfgLo lgsfo ;a}_ .
%_ cfof]hgfsf] k|zf;lgs Joj:yf -cfof]hgfdf z'¿b]lv
xfn;Dd ;+nUg sd{rf/L, b/aGbLsf] cfwf/ ;d]t .
^_ cfof]hgf x:tfGt/0f ug]{ cjlw;Dddf ePsf] vr{sf] ljj/0f
^=! s'n k|zf;lgs vr{ -cfof]hgf th'{df / Joj:yfkg
vr{_ .
^=@ s'n lgdf{0f vr{ -;]jf;'ljwf pknAw u/fpg] k|of]hgsf]
nflu_ .
^=#_ s'n k"FhLut vr{ / cfof]hgfdf vl/b ePsf vr{ eP/
ghfg] d]lzg/L cflb vr{ .
&_ cfof]hgf If]qdf lgdf{0f ePsf ;8s, 9nlgsf;, vfg]kfgL,
ljB't, 6]lnkmf]g, ;fd'bflos ejg jf o:t} k|s[ltsf
;fd'bflos k|s[ltsf ejg, v'nfIf]q, kfs{, v]nd}bfg cflbsf]
lj:t[t ljj/0f .
*_ cfof]hgf nfut Joxf]g{ h'6fOPsf] ;|f]t, cf/lIft ljsl;t
38]/L laqmLaf6 k|fKt cfDbfgL, g]kfn ;/sf/ jf gu/
ljsf; ;ldltaf6 jf :yfgLo lgsfoaf6 s'g} cg'bfg k|fKt
ePsf] eP To:tf] /sd, C0f lnPsf] eP C0f lnPsf]
;+:yfsf] lgsfout ¿kdf C0fsf] ;fFjf–Jofh r'Qmfsf]
cj:yf ;d]t .
(_ cfof]hgf x:tfGt/0f ug]{ cj:yfsf] ljQLo cj:yf art
/x]sf] jf s'g} :jfldQ afFsL eP ;f];d]tsf] lj:t[t ¿kdf
ljj/0f .
- 59 -
!)_ cfof]hgf If]qsf] xfnsf] cj:yf
!)=! s'n If]qkmn
!)=@ e"–pkof]usf] xfnsf] cj:yf -ljsl;t 38]/L,
;]jf;'ljwf, ;fj{hlgs kfs{, v'nfIf]q cflbn] cf]u6]sf]
If]qkmn 5'§f5'§} b]lvg] ljj/0f_
!!_ cfof]hgfdf ljt/0f ul/Psf ljsl;t 38]/L
!!=! ;fljssf hUufwgLx¿ jf df]xLx¿nfO{ ljt/0f ul/Psf
/ ug{ 5'§ofOPsf lsQf ;ª\Vof / If]qkmn .
!!=@ laqmL ljt/0f ul/Psf lsQf ;ª\Vof / If]qkmn .
!!=# s'g} ;fd'bflos ;+:yf jf lgsfonfO{ lbPsf] eP lsQf
;ª\Vof / If]qkmn .
!!=$ laqmL ug{ afFsL /x]sf ljsl;t 38]/Lx¿sf] lsQf /
If]qkmn
!!=% hUufwgL jf df]xLNffO{ lkmtf{ lbg afFsL ljsl;t
38]/Lx¿sf] lsQf g+= / If]qkmn .
!@_ cfof]hgf If]qsf] xfnsf] ef}lts cj:yf -;]jf ;'ljwfsf]
cj:yf_
!#_ cfof]hgfdf s'g} ;]jf;'ljwf pknAw u/fpg afFsL eP ;f]
sf] ljj/0f, s'g} lgdf{0f ug{ afFsL /x]sf] eP ;f] sf] ljj/0f
/ To;sf nflu nfUg] cg'dflgt nfut, ljQLo ;|f]t .
u_ :yfgLo lgsfo jf ljifout lgsfonfO{ x:tfGt/0f ul/g] k"jf{wf/
;+/rgf
!_ b]xfosf k"jf{wf/ ;+/rgf b]xfo adf]lhdsf :yfgLo
lgsfo jf If]qut lgsfonfO{ x:tfGt/0f ug'{ pko'Qm
x'G5 .
- 60 -
x af6f]3f6f] -;8s ;+hfn_ – gu/kflnsf If]qdf eP

gu/kflnsf / ufpF ljsf; If]qdf eP ;DalGwt
lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt,
x 9nlgsf;– gu/kflnsf If]qdf eP gu/kflnsf /
ufpF ljsf; If]qdf eP ;DalGwt lhNnf ;ldlt
x ljB't\ – g]kfn ljB't\ k|flws/0f,
x vfg]kfgL – g]kfn vfg]kfgL ;+:yfg jf vfg]kfgL
ljefu,
x 6]lnkmf]g – ;Demf}tf ul/Psf b"/;~rf/ sDkgL
x:tfGt/0f ul/g] k"jf{wf/sf] ljj/0f pNn]v u/L x:tfGt/0fsf
nflu k]z ubf{ ;DalGwt lgsfo;Fu To;/L x:tfGt/0f u/L lng d~h'/
u/]sf] Joxf]/fsf] ;dembf/Lkq agfO k]z ug'{ kb{5 . af6f]sf] ljj/0f
pNn]v ubf{ af6f]n] cf]u6]sf] hUuf, nDafO–rf}8fO, lsQf gDa/;d]t
pNn]v ug'{ kb{5 . cfof]hgf x:tfGt/0f ePkl5 pko'{Qm adf]lhdsf
k"jf{wf/n] cf]u6]sf] hUufnfO{ ;DalGwt cfof]hgfsf] gfdaf6 ;fj{hlgs
hUufsf] ¿kdf bflvn–vf/]h ul/G5 . pk/f]Qmfcg';f/ x:tfGt/0f ePsf
k"jf{wf/ ;+/rgfsf] dd{t;Def/ ;DaGwL Joj:yfsf af/]df ;dembf/L kqdf
s'g} Joxf]/f pNn]v ePsf] eP ;f]xL adf]lhd x'g] / To;/L pNn]v gePsf]
eP ;DjlGwt lgsfon] g} ltgsf] dd{t ;Def/ ub{5 .
@_ b]xfosf ;]jf;'ljwf, ;+/rgf tyf cGo ;DklQ :yfgLo pkef]Qmf
;ldltnfO{ x:tfGt/0f ul/g]5 Ù
x ;fd'bflos ejg .
x k':tsfno, jfrgfno, pkrf/ s]Gb| .
x v'nfIf]q, kfs{, v]n d}bfg .
x cGo h'g;'s} k|sf/sf] ;fd'bflos jf ;fdflhs ;+/rgf jf If]q,
;fd'bflos ejg jf cGo s'g} ;fdflhs k"jf{wf/sf ;+/rgf
lgdf{0f ul/Psf] eP tL ;+/rgfx¿sf] k|of]u ug]{, Joj:yf ug]{,
- 61 -
k|of]u u/]jfkt s'g} z'Ns p7fpg] Joj:yf eP ;f] p7fpg],
:yfgLo hgtfsf] pkef]unfO{ c;/ gkg]{ u/L ef8fdf lbg],
dd{t;Def/ ug]{ nufotsf] clwsf/ / bfloTj :yfgLo
pkef]Qmfx¿af6 u7g ul/Psf] pkef]Qmf ;ldltnfO{ x'g' kb{5 .
;fdflhs k"jf{wf/sf] ;+/rgf / ;f] /x]sf] hUufsf]
:jfldTj gu/ ljsf; ;ldltsf] gfddf /xg] tyf pkef]usf]
clwsf/ ;DjlGwt pkef]Qmf ;ldltsf] x'g] ub{5 .
v'nfIf]q, kfs{, v]nd}bfg cflb hUufsf] :jfldTj
cfof]hgfsf] gfdaf6 x6fO pQm hUufnfO{ ;fj{hlgs hUufsf]
¿kdf bflvn–vf/]h ug'{kb{5 . To:tf] hUufdf ag]sf kfs{,
v]nd}bfg cflbsf] pkef]u ;DjGwL Joj:yf ug]{, To;sf] pkef]u
u/]jfkt s'g} k|sf/sf] z'Ns lng], To;sf] dd{t;Def/ ug]{
clwsf/ / bfloTj pkef]Qmf ;ldltnfO{ x'g' kb{5 .
3_ laqmL ug{ afFsL jf lkmtf{ ug{ afFsL ljsl;t 38]/L
laqmL ug{ afFsL ljsl;t 38]/L ;DalGwt gu/ ljsf; ;ldlt jf
cfof]hgf ;~rfng ug]{ lgsfon] k|lt:kwf{Tds tl/sfn] laqmL
ug'{kb{5 . hUufwgL jf df]xLnfO{ lkmtf{ ug{ afFsL ljsl;t 38]/L
cfof]hgf ;~rfng ug]{ lgsfo jf ;DalGwt gu/ ljsf;
;ldltn] k|rlnt sfg"g tyf cfof]hgfsf] :jLs[t gLlt cg';f/
;DalGwt hUufwgL jf df]xLnfO{ lkmtf{ lbg' kb{5 .
ª_ cfof]hgf x:tfGt/0fkl5 x'g] cfDbfgL–vr{ M
cfof]hgf x:tfGt/0fkl5 s'g} cfDbfgL eP ;f]sf] vr{ cfof]hgf
x:tfGt/0f ubf{sf avt ePsf] g]kfn ;/sf/sf] lg0f{o tyf gu/
ljsf; ;ldlt / pkef]Qmf ;ldltaLr ePsf] ;Demf}tfsf]
clwgdf /xL gu/ ljsf; ;ldlt jf cfof]hgf ;~rfng ug]{
lgsfon] b]xfosf] k|fyldstfsf] cfwf/df ug'{, u/fpg' kb{5 .
!_ cfof]hgfsf] C0fsf] ;fFjf–Jofh e'Qmfg ug{ .
- 62 -
@_ cfof]hgfsf] k"j{lg0f{ofg';f/ pknAw u/fpg afFsL /x]sf]
;]jf;'ljwf pknAw u/fpg / lgdf{0f ug{ afFsL /x]sf] lgdf{0f
ug{ .
#_ cfof]hgfdf lgdf{0f ePsf ;]jf;'ljwf jf ;fdflhs
k"jf{wf/x¿ ;DjGwL ;+/rgfx¿sf] dd{t;Def/ ug{ .
@= cg'udg
zx/L ljsf; tyf ejg lgdf{0f ljefun] gu/ ljsf;
;ldltx¿n] k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd g]kfn ;/sf/af6 :jLs[t of]hgfsf
38]/L hUufx¿sf] rSnfjGbL u/L lkmtf{ lbg] gLlt / sfo{ tflnsf cg';f/
sfd u/], gu/]sf], :yfgLo pkef]Qmf, :yfgLo lgsfo / ;/sf/L
lgsfoaLr ;dGjo sfod eP gePsf] Pjd\ :yfgLo hUufwgL tyf
df]xLx¿sf] lxtcg'¿k sfd u/], gu/]sf] ljifo nufot hUuf PsLs/0f
cfof]hgf Joj:yfkg pk;ldlt / cfof]hgf ;~rfng sfo{bnsf]
sfdsf/jfxLdf ;d]t :jR5tf, kf/blz{tf, cfly{s cg'zf;gsf] kfngf
eP, gePsf] ljifodf cg'udg, lg/LIf0f ug]{ ljifo gu/ ljsf; P]g,
@)$% df Joj:yf gePtfklg sfof{Gjog :t/nfO{ lqmofzLn t'NofO{
of]hgfnfO{ nIof]Gd'v agfpg gu/ ljsf; ;ldltsf] cg'/f]wdf o;
;DjGwdf yk Joj:yf ug'{ pko'Qm x'g] b]lvG5 . g]kfn ;/sf/n] gu/
ljsf; ;ldlt, cfof]hgf Joj:yfkg pk;ldltsf] cfof]hgf;Fu ;DalGwt
sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/;Fu ;DalGwt ljifodf / of]hgf :jLs[t x'Fbfsf
jvt tf]s]sf zt{x¿ -s]xL eP_ sf ljifodf cfjZos lgb]{zg lbg
;Qm5 / To:tf] lgb]{zgsf] kfngf ug'{ cfof]hgf Joj:yfkg pk;ldltsf]
st{Jo x'ghfG5 .
#= d"NofÍg
cfof]hgf ;DkGg eO{ x:tfGt/0f ePkl5 hUuf PsLs/0f
cfof]hgf;Fu k|ToIf ;+nUg g/x]sf] ;/sf/L ljz]if 6f]nL jf u}/;/sf/L
;+3;+:yf jf :jtGq k/fdz{ bftfnfO{ cfof]hgfsf] Inception, cfof]hgf
If]q 5gf}6, cfof]hgf th'{df / sfof{Gjogsf ljleGg kIfx¿af/] cWoog
- 63 -
/ ljZn]if0f u/L cfof]hgfsf] /fd|f] kIf, sdhf]/ kIf / ;'wf/ ug'{kg]{
ljifox¿ k|i6;Fu s]nfO{ /fo;'emfj ;lxtsf] cfof]hgf d"NofÍg k|ltj]bg
k]z ug{ zx/L ljsf; tyf ejg lgdf{0f ljefun] cfjZos lgb]{zg lbg
;S5 . cfof]hgf d"NofÍg 6f]nLn] cfof]hgfsf] z'¿b]lv x:tfGt/0f cjlw
/ x:tfGt/0fkl5sf ;d]t ultljlw ;DjGwdf eP u/]sf] k|ltj]bg,
sfdsf/jfxLsf ljj/0fx¿ ;Íng / cfjZos k/] cfof]hgf Joj:yfkg
pk;ldlt, pkef]Qmf ;ldltsf kbflwsf/Lx¿, cfof]hgf ;~rfngdf
;+nUg sd{rf/L / cfof]hgf If]qsf hUufwgL tyf df]xLx¿;Fu ;f]wk'5
u/]/ cfof]hgfsf ;an / sdhf]/ kIfx¿ s], s:tf /x] tL
sdLsdhf]/LnfO{ ;'wf/ ug{ s], s:tf k|of; ug'{ kg]{df sfof{Gjog
lgsfon] s]s] u/], kl5 cfof]hgf ;~rfng ubf{ s'g–s'g ljifodf ljz]if
;ts{tf ckgfpg' kb{5 h:tf ljifox¿df /fo;'emfj ;lxtsf] cfof]hgf
d"NofÍg k|ltj]bgdf cf}+NofPsf lzkmfl/; / lgisif{sf] hfgsf/L cfof]hgf
sfof{Gjog lgsfo tyf Joj:yfkg pk;ldlt / ;DjlGwt gu/ ljsf;
;ldltnfO{ lbO{ sfo{qmddf yk ultzLntf Nofpg' cToGt pko'Qm x'g]
b]lvG5 .
- 64 -
cg';"rL !
cg';"rL !
-ldlt h]7 #! ut] @)%^ sf] /fhkqdf k|sflzt_
/lhi6]«;g b:t'/ 5'6af/] cy{ dGqfnosf] ;"rgf
>L % sf] ;/sf/

cy{ dGqfnosf] ;"rgf
>L % sf] ;/sf/n] cfly{s P]g, @)%% sf] bkmf @$ n] lbPsf]

clwsf/ k|of]u u/L >L % sf] ;/sf/n] :jLs[t of]hgfdf gu/ ljsf;
;ldltx¿af6 hUuf ljsf; sfo{qmd cg';f/ ljsl;t 38]/L laqmL
ljt/0f jf ;DalGwt hUuf wgLnfO{ g} lkmtf{ ubf{ kfl/t ul/g]
lnvtx¿df nfUg] /lhi6«]zg b:t'/ k"0f{¿kdf 5'6 lbg] lg0f{o u/]sf]n] of]
;"rgf k|sfzg ul/Psf] 5 .
cf1fn],
/fd ljgf]b e§/fO{
g]kfn ;/sf/sf] ;lrj
- 65 -
hUuf
cg';"rL @
L @
gofF Kn6 /lhi6/sf] gd"gf

uf=lj=;= sf] gfdM–
cg';"rPsLs/0f
j8f g+=M– gS;f g+=M– kfgf g+=M–

lsQf If]qkmn rf/ lsNnf -l5d]ssf] ls=g+=_ hUufsf] gfkL ;fljs kmf=g+= lbg]sf] lng]sf] lsQfsf6 ug]{ s}lkmot
g+= lsl;d qmd lsQf g+= gfd gfd y/ cldg / r]s
ju{ dL= k"j{ klZrd pQ/ blIf0f v]t÷ ;+Vof / gofF y/ / / jtg ug]{ lg/LIfssf]
kfvf ldlt lsQf g+= jtg gfd / ldlt
- 66 -
cfof]hgf ;~rfng sfo{ljlw
b|i6Jo M– ;fljs lsQf eGgfn] lsQf sf6 x'g] lsQf gDa/nfO{ hgfpF5 .
cg';"rL #
======================== gu/ ljsf; ;ldlt
================== hUuf PsLs/0f cfof]hgf
;fljssf] af6f] ;'ljwf cg';f/sf] hUuf tflnsf
l;=g+= ju{ ljj/0f lsQf g+= If]qkmn
j=dL=
! s ======= dL= rf}8f lkr ;8s;Fu hf]l8Psf] hUuf
@ v s"nf], uf]/]6f] hf]l8Psf] hUuf
# *v ========= dL= ulx/fO{ eGbf a9L eO{ afFsL k5fl8sf]
@=% cfgf jf ;f] eGbf a9L If]qkmn ePsf hUufx¿
$ u af6f] gePsf hUuf
- 67 -
% 3 xf]rf] If]qleqsf hUuf
^ ª ========= dL6/ ;8ssf] If]qflwsf/ (ROW) df k/]sf hUuf
& r ;Dk"0f{ If]=km= af6f] ;/x sfod ePsf JolQmut hUuf
* 5 ktL{ hUufx¿
hDdf
*of] tflnsf k|To]s hUufwgLx¿n] of]ubfg ug'{kg]{ hUufsf] k|ltzt lgwf{/0f ug{ k|of]u ul/G5 . ;aeGbf a9L k|ltzt
xf]rf] e"–efu / xfO6]G;g nfOgd'lgsf] x'G5 eg] kSsL ;8ssf] ;'ljwf ePsf] hUufaf6 sd k|ltzt hUuf s§L u/] k'U5 .
cg';"rL #
hUuf
cg';"rL $
L $
===================== gu/ ljsf; ;ldlt

cg';"rPsLs/0f
============ hUuf PsLs/0f cfof]hgf

;fljssf] If]qkmn cg';f/sf] hUufsf] tflnsf
l;=g+= ljj/0f lsQf If]qkmn
;+Vof ju{ dL= s}lkmot
! @ cfgf;Dd rSnfjGbL
@ @ cfgf eGbf a9L $ cfgf;Dd gS;f tof/ kfg{
# $ cfgf eGbf a9L ^ cfgf;Dd / Kn6sf] df]x8f
$ ^ cfgf eGbf a9L * cfgf;Dd / ulx/fO osLg
- 68 -
% * cfgf eGbf a9L !@ cfgf;Dd ug{ of] tflnsf
^ !@ cfgf eGff eGbf a9L !@ /f]kgL;Dd pkof]uL l;4

& ! /f]kgL eGbf a9L !=% /f]kgL;Dd x'G5 .
* !=% /f]kgL eGbf a9L @ /f]kgL;Dd
( @ /f]kgL eGbf a9L # /f]kgL;Dd
!) # /f]kgL eGbf a9L
hDdf
of] tflnsf of]hgf th'{df ubf{ Go"gtd 38]/Lsf] If]qkmn, af6f]sf] rf}8fO tyf Anssf] ulx/fO lgwf{/0f ug{df k|of]u ul/G5
. ;fgf hUufx¿sf] ;ª\Vof w]/} /x]sf] cj:yfdf af6f]sf] rf}8fO / Anssf] ulx/fO Go"g /fvL of]hgf th'{df ug'{kb{5 .
cg';"rL %
===================== gu/ ljsf; ;ldlt
;fljs / k|:tfljt e"–pkof]u tflnsf
of]hgf cl3 of]hgf kl5
l;= g+= ljj/0f k|ltzt lsQf l;=g+ ljj/0f j= dL= k|ltzt Kn6
j=dL=
;+Vof = ;+Vof
! JolQmut :jfldTjdf /x]sf ! 38]/L
hUufx¿ !=! hUuf wgLx¿sf]
!=! 38]/L lkmtf{ kfpg]
!=@ k;n tyf ;fgf Hof; 38]/Lx¿
!=# s[lif !=@ ljqmL ul/g] 38]/L
- 69 -
!=$ afFemf] hUuf !=# Jofkfl/s Kn6
!=% cGo @= ;fj{hlgs hUufx¿
@ ;fj{hlgs hUufx¿ ;8s
@=! ktL{÷b]j:yn v'nf If]q
@=@ af6f], uf]/]6f] b]j:yn
@=# df]6/ hfg] af6f] cGo
@=$ s'nf], kf]v/L # ;fdflhs k"jf{wf/
@=% cGo #=! ljBfno, :Jff:Yo
rf}sL
#=@ ahf/ If]q
cg';"rL %
hUuf
cg';"rL ^
L ^
===================== gu/ ljsf; ;ldlt

cg';"rPsLs/0f

lkmtf{ lbg] hUufsf] If]qkmn lgsfNg] tflnsf
hUufsf] ljj/0f M–
l;=g+= j8f g+= ;fljs lkmtf{ s§L x'g] s§L x'g] s§L kl5 Go"gtd s}lkmot
lsQf g+= If]qkmn ju{ kfpg] hUufsf] hUufsf] lkmtf{ If]qkm
ju{ dL= 38]/L k|ltzt If]qkmn kfpg] agfpg
hf]l8Psf] j=dL= If]qkmn If]qkmn
- 70 -
;8ssf] ju{ dL= j= dL= Ans Kn6 Ifq]kmn df]x8f ulx/fO
rf}8fO{ dL= g+= g+= j=dL= dL= dL=

! @ # $ % ^ & * ( !) !! !@ !# !$ !% !^
cGo M bf]af6f]sf] sf/0f s§L x'g] hUufsf] k|ltzt
tof/ ug]{ ?h" ug]{ M k|dfl0ft ug]{

cg';"rL &
===================== gu/ ljsf; ;ldlt
hUufwgL c:yfoL k|df0f–kqsf] gd"gf
hUufwgLsf]
gfd, y/M– ========================================= df]lxsf] gfd, y/M– ==============================
7]ufgfM– ============================================ 7]ufgfM– ============================================
afa'sf] gfdM– ===================================== afa'sf] gfdM– =====================================
afh]sf] gfdM– ==================================== afh]sf] gfdM– ====================================
gu/÷ufpmF j8f g+= ;fljs -k'/fgf]_ xfn -gofF_ lkmtf{ kfpg] s}lkmot
- 71 -
lsQf g+= If]qkmn -j=dL=_ If]qkmn -j=dL=_ Kng g+=
k|zf;g Kn6 /]vfÍg ug]{ OlGhlgo/ cfof]hgf k|d'v k|dfl0ft ug]{

=================== =================== =================== ================== =================
b|i6Jo M /Ltk"j{s lsQfsf6 ul/;s]kl5 xfnsf] Kn6 :jtM lsQfdf kl/0ft eO{ ;f] Kn6 g+= sf] ;§f csf]{ ls=g+= sfod
x'g]5 .
cg';"rL &
cg';"rL &
hUuf
===================== gu/ ljsf; ;ldlt

L &

cg';"rPsLs/0f
k"jf{wf/ tyf ;]jf;'ljwf ljsf;sf] nfut cg'dfg

l;=g+= ljj/0f kl/df0f OsfO b/ hDdf Ü s}lkmot
/sd
! ;fljssf] af6f]3f]6f]sf] ;'wf/ a=dL= k|:tfljt l8hfOg / :k]l;lkms];g
cg';f/
@ 9n, k]6L;d]t af6f]df u|fj]n ug]{ sfo{ a=dL=
#= af9L lgoGq0f tyf ;8ssf cGo ls=dL=
:yfgdf 9'Ëfsf] 6]jf kvf{nsf] sfo{
$= ;8s ;LdfÍg tyf hUuf ;LdfÍg ;8s / 38]/Lsf] Psd'i6
- 72 -
sfo{ a=dL=
s_ ;8s ls=dL=
v_ 38]/L uf]6f
% kfs{ lgdf{0f ju{ dL=
hDdf
^ of]hgf Joj:yfkg vr{ -hDdfsf] !)
k|ltzt_
& d"No a[l4 ===== k|ltzt d"No a[l4 cfudfL ===== jif{x¿df
x'g ;Sg] ;DefjgfnfO{ ;d]6]sf]
cg';"rL *
cg';"rL *
lsQfsf6 / lgdf{0f /f]Ssf /fVg]af/]sf] ;fj{hlgs ;"rgfsf] gd"gf
g]kfn ;/sf/
zx/L ljsf; dGqfno
============= gu/ ljsf; ;ldlt cGtu{t ul7t
============= hUuf PsLs/0f cfof]hgf Joj:yfkg pk–;ldlt
========== gu/kflnsf, ========= -:yfg_
;"rgf
================ gu/kflnsf j8f g+= ============= l:yt ================================ If]qsf]

k"Jf{ ============== klZrd ================= pQ/ ====================== blIf0f ======================
olt rf/lsNnfleq PsLs[t hUuf ljsf; of]hgf ;~rfng u/L To; If]qsf] ef}lts
ljsf; of]hgf th'{df ug]{ sfo{df afwf c8\rg gcfj;\ eGg] p2]Zon] ====================
hUuf PsLs/0f cfof]hgf If]qleqsf ;Dk"0f{ hUufsf] lsQfsf6 / lgdf{0f sfo{ ldlt
========================== b]lv ========================== cjlw;Dd ug{ gkfpg] u/L /f]s
nufpg] lg0f{o ============================ gu/ ljsf; ;ldlt cGtu{t ul7t
================== hUuf PsLs/0f cfof]hgf Joj:yfkg pk;ldltsf] ldlt ===================
df ;]sf] a}7saf6 lg0f{o ePsf]n] ;j{;fwf/0fsf] hfgsf/Lsf] nflu of] ;"rgf k|sflzt
ul/Psf] 5 .
- 73 -
hUuf
cg';"rL (
L (
af6f] pknAw u/fpg jf rf}8fO a9fpg ug'{ kg]{ hUuf of]ubfg tflnsf
cg';"rPsLs/0f
-s§f ul/g] hUufsf] k|ltzt Ü_

lkmtf{ lbOg] Kn^sf] 12 dL 14 dL 16 dL 18 dL 20 dL 22 dL 24 dL 26 dL 28 dL 30 dL 32 dL s}lkmot
ulx/fO
af^f]sf] ylkg] rf}*fO

4 dL= 14=3 12=5 11=1 10=0 9=10 8=3 7=7 7=1 6=7 6=2 5=9 bf]af6f] /
5 dL= 17=2 15=1 13=5 12=2 11=1 10=2 9=4 8=8 8=2 7=7 7=3 rf}af6f]sf]
6 dL= 20=0 17=6 15=8 14=3 13=0 12=0 11=1 10=0 9=7 9=1 8=6 3'DtLsf] nflu
7 dL= 22=7 20=0 17=9 16=3 14=9 13=7 12=7 11=9 11=1 10=4 9=8
yk ! Ü
- 74 -
8 dL 25=0 22=2 20=0 18=2 16=7 15=4 14=3 13=3 12=5 11=8 11=1
of]ubfg
ug'{kg]{ .
9 dL= 927=3 24=3 21=9 20=0 18=4 17=0 15=8 14=7 13=8 13=0 12=3
10 dL= 29=4 26=3 23=8 21=7 20=0 18=5 17=2 16=1 15=1 14=3 13=5
11 dL 31=4 28=2 25=6 23=4 21=6 20=0 18=6 17=5 16=4 15=6 14=8
12 dL 33=3 30=0 27=3 25=0 23=1 21=4 20=0 18=7 17=6 16=7 15=8
gf]6 M s§f ul/g] hUuf -Ü_

af6f]sf] yk x'g] rf}8fO{
= X !))
-af6f] yk x'g] rf}8fO{ + @ X lkmtf{ lbg] Kn6sf] ulx/fO{_
cg';"rL !@
cg';"rL !@ -s_
cfof]hgfaf6 38]/L hUuf a'lemlnFbf ul/lbg]
ekf{Osf] gd"gf

============= hUuf PsLs/0f cfof]hgf
==================== gu/kflnsf ====================== ;fljs ===================== l:yt

;~rfng ;fljs If]qkmn ================== ePsf] lsQf g++= ========================== sf]
hUuf afkt d}n] ÷ xfdLn] kfpg'kg]{ ljsl;t 38]/L Kn6 g+= =================== If]qkmn
====================== j=dL= sf] lgDg cg';f/sf] rf/lsNnf / nDafO–rf}8fO ePsf] hUuf
To; cfof]hgfaf6 ;/hldgdf ;LdfÍg u/L a'lemlnof}F lbof}F .
rf/lsNnf a'lemlng]sf] ;xL
k"j{ M–
klZrd M–
pQ/ M–
blIf0f M–
hUufsf] cfsf/
nDafO -ulx/fO_ ================ dL ============= ;]=dL=
rf}8fO -df]x8f_ ================= dL ============= ;]=dL=
- 75 -
cg';"rPsLs/0f
hUuf L !@ cfof]hgf ;~rfng sfo{ljlw
cg';"rL !@ -v_
hUufwgL / cfof]hgfaLr dfkb08 kfngf ug]{ ;Demf}tfsf] gd"gf
============= gu/ kflnsf ÷ uf=lj=;=

============= hUuf PsLs/0f cfof]hgf Joj:yfkg ljsf; pk;ldlt
================ hUuf PsLs/0f cfof]hgf
ljifo M cfof]hgf If]qsf] dfkb08 kfngf ug]{ ;Demf}tf
============== hUuf PsLs/0f cfof]hgfsf] 38]/L ljt/0f ;DaGwdf ===============

gu/ ljsf; of]hgf Joj:yfkg pk;ldlt =============== / Kng g+= ======================
If]qkmn ============ sf hUuf wgL÷df]lx >L ==================== aLr tkl;nsf zt{x¿df
/xg] u/L 38]/L lng] lbg] sfo{sf] ;Demf}tf ;DkGg eof] .
zt{x¿
!= lgdf{0f sfo{ ;DaGwdfM– lgdf{0f sfo{ ubf{ ============== cfof]hgf If]qleqsf]
lgldQ =============== gu/ ljsf; of]hgf Joj:yfkg pk;ldlt ========= åf/f
tof/ kfl/Psf] lgdf{0f ;DaGwL dfkb08 adf]lhd ug]{ u/fpg] / dfkb08
ljk/Lt clgoldt sfo{ u/]df k|rlnt P]g, sfg"g /÷jf ;DalGwt
gu/kflnsfn] Joj:yfkg pk;ldltn] tf]lsP cg';f/sf] ;hfo ug'{
;lsg]5 .
@= Kn6 lsQfsf6 ;DaGwdf M– o; cfof]hgfn] ljt/0f u/]sf 38]/Lx¿nfO{
lsQfsf6 ug'{ k/]df afFsL /xg] jf gofF sfod x'g] lsQfsf] Go"gtd If]qkmn
============== cfgf / Go"gtd df]x8f ============ dL= x'g' kg]{5 .
o; ;Demf}tfdf ;xL5fk ug]{ M–
====== hUuf PsLs/0f cfof]hgf
Joj:yfkg pk;ldltsf] tkm{af6

;fIfLx¿
cfof]hgf ;~rfnssf tkm{af6 =========
hUufwgLsf] tkm{af6 ============
ldlt ================ hUufwgLsf] tkm{af6
- 76 -
cg';"rL !#
cg';"rL !# -v_
hUuf PsLs/0f pkef]Qmf ;ldlt u7g ug]{
af/]sf] ;fj{hlgs ;"rgfsf] gd"gf
g]kfn ;/sf/
zx/L ljsf; dGqfno
============ hUuf PsLs/0f cfof]hgf Joj:yfkg pk–;ldlt
========== uf=lj=;÷ gu/kflnsf, ========== sf]
;"rgf
==============uf=lj=;=÷ gu/kflnsf j8f g+= ============== l:yt ===============

If]qsf] k"j{ ========== klZrd ================= pQ/ =================== blIf0f ===================
olt rf/lsNnfleqsf] zx/L lj:tf/ If]qnfO{ PsLs[t hUuf ljsf; sfo{qmd cGtu{t
kf/L of]hgfa4 cfjf;Lo If]qsf] ¿kdf ljsf; ug{ ====================== gu/ kflnsfaf6
s]xL hUufwgLx¿sf] ;xdlt ;lxt cg'/f]w eO{ cfPsf]df ;f] If]qdf hUuf PsLs/0f
sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog ug{ xfnsf] jftfj/0f ;d]tnfO{ cWoog u/L x]bf{ plrt
7xl/Psf]n] ;f] If]qdf hUuf PsLs/0f cfof]hgf ;~rfng ug{] lg0f{o ePsf] / ;f]
cfof]hgf hgrfxgf cg'¿k ;~rfng ug{ hg;xeflutf kl/rfng u/L ;xof]u k|fKt
ug]{ :yfgLo pkef]Qmf ;ldlt -;xof]u ;ldlt_ u7g ug'{kg]{ ePsf]n] lgDg :yfg /
;dodf ;DalGwt ;a}sf] pkl:yltsf nflu of] ;"rgf k|sflzt ul/Psf] 5 .
:yfg M =====================
ldlt M ======================
;do M =====================
- 77 -
cg';"rL !$
hUuf
laqmL ug{ ;lsg] Kn6x¿sf] ljj/0f / cg'dflgt d"No

========= gu/ ljsf; ;ldlt,
===== hUuf PsLs/0f cfof]hgf
cg';"rPsLs/0f
laqmL ug{ ;lsg] Kn6x¿sf] ljj/0f / cg'dflgt d"No

g=kf=÷uf=lj=;= j8f g+=–
l;=g+= Anssf] gfd Kn6 g+= If]qkmn Kn6 hf]l8Psf] lgwf{l/t k|lt ju{ Kn6sf] d"No s}lkmot
j=dL= af6f]sf] rf}8fO{ dL= d"No
g=kf=÷uf=lj=;=
- 78 -
L !$ cfof]hgf ;~rfng sfo{ljlw
;+st] k|rlnt d"No ju{ If]qkmn

============= dL= ;8sn] 5f]Psf] 38]/L
============= dL= ;8sn] 5f]Psf] 38]/L s'n If]qkmn
============= dL= ;8sn] 5f]Psf] 38]/L
s'n /sd
cg';"rL !%
cg';"rL !%
of]hgf :jLs[t ePsf] ;fj{hlgs ;"rgfsf] gd"gf
g]kfn ;/sf/
zx/L ljsf; dGqfnosf]
;"rgf
g]kfn ;/sf/n] gu/ ljsf; P]g, @)$% sf] bkmf # sf] pkbkmf #=# n]
lbPsf] clwsf/ k|of]u u/L ;f]xL P]g, sf] bkmf !@=!=@ adf]lhd gu/ ljsf; ;ldlt
======== gu/kflnsf÷uf=lj=;= If]qleqsf] j8f g+= ============= sf] tklznsf]
rf/lsNnfleqsf] ======= If]qdf /x]sf] hUufsf] ljleGg lsQfx¿ PsLs/0f u/L gu/
of]hgf cg'¿k ;]jf;'ljwfsf] Joj:yf ug{ / To:tf ;]jf;'ljwfsf] Joj:yf ubf{ nfu]sf]
vr{ ljsl;t 38]/Lx¿ a]rL c;"n ug{ / afFsL ljsl;t 38]/Lx¿ ;fljss} hUufwgL
/ df]xLx¿nfO{ ;dfg'kflts cfwf/df lkmtf{ lbg] u/L hUuf PsLs/0f -Nof08 k'lnª_
sfo{qmd ========= b]lv ;~rfng ug{ g]kfn ;/sf/af6 ldlt ========== df lg0f{o
ePsf]n] ;DalGwt ;a}sf] hfgsf/Lsf] nflu of] ;"rgf k|sflzt ul/Psf] 5 .
tklzn
k"j{ M–
klZrd M–
pQ/ M–
blIf0f M–
cf1fn]
===============
g]kfn ;/sf/sf] ;lrj
- 79 -
hUuf
cg';"rL !^
hUuf PsLs/0f cfof]hgfsf] nflu hUuf k|flKtsf] ;"rgf
g]kfn ;/sf/
cg';"rPsLs/0f
u[x dGqfno
=============== lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no
================= hUuf PsLs/0f cfof]hgfsf] nflu hUuf k|flKtsf] ;"rgf
gu/ ljsf; ;ldlt ============ uf=lj=;=÷gu/kflnsf =============== cfof]hgf If]qdf /x]sf] hUufsf] ljleGg lsQfx¿nfO{ PsLs/0f u/L gu/
of]hgf cg'¿k ;]jf;'ljwfsf] Joj:yf ubf{ nfu]sf] vr{ s]xL ljsl;t 38]/Lx¿ a]rL Joxf]g]{ / afFsL 38]/Lx¿ ;flss} hUufwgL / df]xLx¿nfO{ ;dfg'kflts
cfwf/df lkmtf{ lbg] u/L ===== uf=lj=;=÷gu/kflnsf j8f g++= ========== sf lgDg JolQmsf lgDg hUufx¿ g]kfn ;/sf/, zx/L ljsf; dGqfnosf] ldlt =======
sf] -dGqL :t/Lo_ hUuf k|fKt ug]{ lg0f{o eP adf]lhd gu/ ljsf; P]g, @)$% sf] bkmf !^ / hUuf k|flKt Pg], @)#$ sf] bkmf ( sf] pkbkmf ! sf]
k|of]hgsf] nflu of] ;"rgf k|sflzt ul/Psf] 5 . ;DalGwt hUufwgL / hf]tfxfx¿ ;d]tn] ;"rgf k|sflzt ePsf] ldltn] !% lbgleq cfkm";Fu ePsf] ;j't
k|df0f;lxt o; hUuf PsLs/0f cfof]hgfdf ;Dks{ /fVg cfpg'xf]nf . cGoyf lgodfg';f/ eOhfg] Joxf]/f ;d]t hfgsf/L u/fOG5 .
tkzLn
- 80 -
L !^ cfof]hgf ;~rfng sfo{ljlw
l;=g+= j8f g+= ls=g+= clwu|x0f ul/g] If]qkmn hUufwgLsf] gfd, y/ df]xLsf] gfd, y/ s}lkmot
ju{ dL=
!
@
#
$
%
^
&
*
(
cg';"rL !&
s§L hUufsf] k|ltzt lgwf{/0f tflnsf
=========== gu/ ljsf; ;ldlt
========== hUuf PsLs/0f cfof]hgf
s§L x'g] hUufsf] k|ltzt lgwf{/0f tflnsf
l;=g+= hUufsf] lsl;d ju{ lkmtf{ kfpg] 38]/L hf]l8Psf] ;8ssf] lsl;d
% dL= & dL= ( dL= !) dL= @) dL= sg{/ s}lkmot
! @ dL6/ eGbf a9L rf}8f af6f] ePsf] s
@ s'nf] uf]/]6f] hf]l8Psf hUuf v
# @% dL= ulx/fO{ eGbf a9L eO{ @=% v
cfgf jf ;f] eGbf a9L ePsf
$ af6f] gePsf hUuf u
- 81 -
% 8f]n If]qleq /x]sf hUuf 3
^ xfO6]G;g nfOgd'lg k/]sf hUuf –
gf]6M
cfof]hgfsf] s'n If]qkmn /f]kgL
s§L eO{ cfpg] hDdf If]qkmn /f]kgL
ktL{ hUufsf] If]qkmn /f]kgL
hDDff /f]kgL
cfof]hgfsf] nflu cfjZos If]qkmn /f]kgL

cg';"rL !&
hUuf
cg';"rL !*
=========== gu/ ljsf; ;ldlt
cg';"rPsLs/0f
cfof]hgfsf] e"–pkof]u gd"gf ljj/0f

l;=g+= ljj/0f ;+s]t If]qkmn s}lkmot
j=dL=
! cfof]hgf If]q A
@ cfof]hgf ;DkGg eP kl5 x'g] 38]/Lsf] If]qkmn A(p)
@=! s§L eO{ lkmtf{ x'g] 38]/L A(op)
@=@ of]hgf Joj:yfkg tyf lgdf{0f vr{sf nflu A(sp)
rflxg] hUuf
# cfof]hgfdf k|of]u x'g] hUuf
#=! ef}lts k"jf{wf/sf] nflu A(IS)
- 82 -
L !* cfof]hgf ;~rfng sfo{ljlw
#=!=! ;8s If]q A(IS.1)

#=!=@ v'nf If]q -sDtLdf % k|ltzt_ A(IS.2)
#=!=# a;kfs{ If]q jf ;fd'bflos pkof]u If]q (IS.3)
#=!=$ cGo A(IS.4)
hDdf D
$ s'n hUufsf] of]ubfg b/ M–
$=! ef}lts k"jf{wf/sf] nflu (Ais/A)
$=@ of]hgf Joj:yfkg tyf lgdf{0fsf] nflu (Asp/A)
s'n b/ (Ap/A)
cg';"rL !(
=========== gu/ ljsf; ;ldlt
=========== cfof]hgfsf] gd"gf sfo{tflnsfsf]
l;=g+= sfo{ ;DkGg ug]{ dlxgf ^ !@ !* @$ #) #^
sfo{ ljj/0f
! ;DefJotf cWoog u/L g= lj=;= n] cfof]hgf ;~rfng ug]{ lg0f{o u/L !))Ü
;"rgf k|sfzg ug]{
@ hUufwgL, df]xL / cGo ;/f]sf/jfnf;Fu k/fdz{ u/L lgdf{0f sfo{ / !))Ü
lsQfsf6 /f]s]sf] lg0f{o u/L ;"rgf k|sfzg ug]{
# cfwf/ gS;fdf d:of}bf of]hgf agfO{ hUufwgLn] ug'{ kg]{ of]ubfgsf] !))Ü
cfwf/ / 38]/L lkmtf{ lbg] gLltsf] cfwf/ ;lxt g=lj=;= ÷ g=kf=af6
:jLs[t u/L :jLs[ltsf] nflu g]kfn ;/sf/df k]z ug]{
$ g]kfn ;/sf/sf] :jLs[lt k|fKt ePsf] ;"rgf k|sfzg u/L lj:t[t !))Ü
OlGhlgol/Ë ;e]{If0f ug]{ .
- 83 -
% lj:t[t OlGhlgol/Ë l8hfO{g ug]{ %)Ü @%Ü @%Ü
^ k|To]s hUufwgLn] of]ubfg ug'{ kg]{ hUufsf] k|ltzt / 38]/L lkmtf{ lbg] !))Ü
gLlt lgwf{/0f ug]{
& rfSnfaGbL gS;f clGtd ?klbO{ g=lj=;=af6 kfl/t ug]{ !))Ü
* Ans Layout u/L d'Vo ;8s tyf 9n lgdf{0f ug]{ @%Ü %)Ü @%Ü
( cGo ;8s tyf 9n lgdf{0f ug]{ %)Ü %)Ü
!) Kffs{ lgdf{0f ug]{ %)Ü %)Ü
!! l/Knl6Ë u/L c:yfO{ k'hf{ lbg] %)Ü %)Ü
!@ Kn6 laqmL ug]{ @%Ü @%Ü %)Ü
!# C0f e'QmfgL ug]{ %)Ü %)Ü
!$ :yfoL k'hf{ ljt/0f
!% pkef]Qmf
gf]6 M– @)–#) x]S6/ ;Ddsf] hUuf PsLs/0f cfof]hgf sl/a # jif{df ;DkGg ug{ ;lsg] cg'ejsf] cfwf/df of] tflnsf tof/ ul/Psf] 5 .
cg';"rL !(
cg';"rL @)
hUuf
hUuf PsLs/0f cfof]hgf sfo{bnsf]

;Ë7gfTds ;+/rgfsf] 9fFrf tyf cfjZos hgzlQm
zx/L ljsf; dGqfno
cg';"rPsLs/0f
gu/ ljsf; ;ldlt gu/kflnsf
hUuf PsLs/0f cof]hgf Joj:yfkg pk;ldlt
of]hgf sfo{Gjog PsfO{

pkef]Qmf ;ldlt
cfof]hgf k|d'v
- 84 -
L @) cfof]hgf ;~rfng sfo{ljlw
ef}lts k"jf{wf/ l8hfOg of]hgf th'{df zfvf n]vf zfvf k|zf;g zfvf hg;Dks{ zfvf
tyf lgdf{0f zfvf zfvf clws[t ! hgf
;e]{o/ ! hgf * n]vfkfn ! hgf sfg"g k/fdz{bftf ! hgf hg;+ks{ clws[t !
* OlGhlgo/ @ hgf h'lgo/ ;e]{o/ @ hgf :6f]/lsk/ ! hgf h'lgo/ ;e]{o/ ! hgf hgf
cf]e/l;o/ @ hgf sDKo'6/ ck/]6/ ! hgf gf=;'= ! hgf
8«fOe/ ! hgf
lkog @ hgf
pk/f]Qmg';f/sf] b/aGbL nueu !))) /f]kgL If]qdf hUuf PsLs/0f ug{ cfjZos ePsf] ljutsf cg'jex¿n] b]vfPsf] 5 .
cg';"rL @!
- 85 -
cg';"rPsLs/0f
hUuf L @! cfof]hgf ;~rfng sfo{ljlw
- 86 -
cg';"rL @!
- 87 -
cg';"rPsLs/0f
- 88 -
cg';"rL @!
- 89 -
cg';"rPsLs/0f
- 90 -
cg';"rL @!
- 91 -
cg';"rPsLs/0f
hUuf L @@ cfof]hgf ;~rfng sfo{ljlw
- 92 -
cg';"rL @#
- 93 -
cg';"rPsLs/0f
hUuf L @# cfof]hgf ;~rfng sfo{ljlw
- 94 -
cg';"rL @#
- 95 -
cg';"rPsLs/0f
hUuf L @# cfof]hgf ;~rfng sfo{ljlw
- 96 -
cg';"rL @#
- 97 -
cg';"rPsLs/0f
hUuf L @$ cfof]hgf ;~rfng sfo{ljlw
- 98 -
- 99 -
hUuf PsLs/0f cfof]hgf
;~rfng sfo{ljlw
;Gbe{ k'l:tsf
(Land Pooling Reference Manual)
@)&@
k|sfzsM
zx/L ljsf; dGqfno
zx/L ljsf; tyf ejg lgdf{0f ljefu
k|yd ;+:s/0f – @)^)
k|sfzsý
ef}lts of]hgf tyf lgdf{0f dGqfno
zx/L ljsf; tyf ejg lgdf{0f ljefu tyf
sf7df08f} pkTosf gu/ ljsf; ;ldlt
;+zf]lwt bf];|f] ;+:s/0f – @)&@

k|sfzsý
zx/L ljsf; dGqfno
zx/L ljsf; tyf ejg lgdf{0f ljefu,
aa/dxn, sf7df08f}
;Dkfbs d08n ý
;'o{eQm ;fFuf5]F
lu/Lhf k|;fb uf]/vfnL
s?0ff /Tg zfSo
kl/dflh{t ;+:s/0f @)&@ sf] z'e sfdgf
Jojl:yt zx/L a;f]af; If]q ljsf;sf] dfWodaf6 zx/Ls/0fsf]

k|lqmofdf hUuf PsLs/0f cfof]hgfx¿n] @)## ;fnb]lv k'¥ofO{ cfO/x]sf]
of]ubfg ;j{ljlbt g} 5 . hUuf PsLs/0f cfof]hgfx¿ sfof{Gjog ug]{
ljlwnfO{ :ki6 kfg{ @)^) ;fndf n]lvPsf] ‘‘hUuf PsLs/0f cfof]hgf
;~rfng sfo{ljlwÚÚ n] Ps bzsb]lv 7"nf] ;xof]u k'¥ofO/x]sf] s'/f pQm
sfo{ljlwsf] Jofks k|of]u / nf]slk|otfaf6 k|i6 5 . pQm sfo{ljlwn] xfn klg
cfof]hgf ;+rfng ljlw :ki6 ub}{ ;xof]u k'¥ofO/x]sf]n] k'gM k|sfzg ug'{k/]sf]
cj:yfdf k|yd ;+:s/0fsf n]vsåo k"j{ dxflgb]{zs >L ;"o{eQm ;fFuf5] /
;'=O{= >L lu/Lhf k|;fb uf]vf{nLsf ;fy} Or'ª\u' hUuf PsLs/0f cfof]hgf
k|d'v >L s¿0ff /Tg zfSoHo"n] ;Dkfbg Pjd\ kl/df{hg u/L cem a9L ;do
;fk]If u/L ljefun] k|sfzg ug{ lbg' ePsf]df pxfFx¿nfO{ awfO{ tyf wGojfb
1fkg ug{ rfxG5' .
o; k|sfzg hUuf PsLs/0f cfof]hgf sfof{Gjogdf cema9L
pkof]uL, ;xof]uL / ;Gbe{ ;fdu|Lsf] ¿kdf x'g] s'/fdf d / zx/L ljsf; tyf
ejg lgdf{0f ljefu ljZj:y x'Fb} of] kl/:s[t ;+:s/0f k|sfzgdf ;xof]u
k'¥ofpg' x'g] gofF zx/ cfof]hgf k|d'v Pjd\ ;Dk"0f{ ldqx¿nfO{ wGojfb 1fkg
ub{5' .
O{= zDe' s]=;L=

dxflgb]{zs
aa/dxn,
k|yd ;+:s/0f, @)^) sf] z'e sfdgf
g]kfndf hUuf PsLs/0f cfof]hgfsf] Oltxf; Tolt nfdf geP
klg o; sfo{qmdn] s/La !% jif{cl3 ult lnPsf] ljifo oxfF ;j{ ljlbt} 5 .
;'Jojl:yt a;f]af; If]q ljsf;sf] dfWodaf6 zx/Ls/0fsf] k|lqmofnfO{
;'lgof]lht / lgolGqt¿kdf cufl8 a9fpg ljut !% jif{sf] cGt/fnfdf
sfo{Gjogdf NofPsf hUuf PsLs/0f cfof]hgfx¿n] pNn]Vo e"ldsf
lgjf{x u/]sf] ljifo ljutsf cg'ejx¿n] klg :ki6 kfl/;s]sf 5g\ .
b]zdf gu/ ljsf; ;ldlt P]g, @)$% nfu" eP kZrft\ klg hUuf
PsLs/0f cfof]hgf sfof{Gjog ljlwnfO{ ;':ki6 ult lbg ;Sg] lnlvt
gLlt, lgod tyf lgb]{lzsfsf] cefj xfn;Dd sfod} /x]klg ljutdf
;~rfngdf cfPsf hUuf PsLs/0f cfof]hgfn] zx/L Joj:yfkgdf
kf/]sf] ;sf/fTds k|efjnfO{ sd dxŒjk"0f{ dfGg ;lsb}g . cJojl:yt
a;f]af; / clgolGqt zx/Ls/0fsf] rk]6af6 zx/Ls/0fsf] k|j[lQnfO{
arfpg] / Jojl:yt ug]{ Ps ;zQm kIfsf] ¿kdf hUuf PsLs/0f
k4ltnfO{ :jLsfl/Psf] ljifo jt{dfgn] l;4 ul/;s]sf] 5 . g]kfnsf]
kl/k|]Iodf sf7df8f}+ pkTosfleq tyf aflx/ sfof{Gjogdf NofPsf
cfof]hgfx¿ Jojl:yt a:tL ljsf; / lgolGqt zx/Ls/0fsf cg'kd
pbfx/0fsf ¿kdf /x]sf 5g\ .
lnlvt¿kdf :jLs[t ljlw Pjd\ k|lqmofsf] cefj /xFb} cfP klg
sfof{Gjogqmddf pbfx/0fLo nf]s lk|otf u|x0f ub}{ cfPsf] hUuf
PsLs/0f k2tLsf ;DaGwdf ;/n g]kfnL efiffdf n]lvPsf o; æhUuf
PsLs/0f cfof]hgf ;~rfng sfo{ljlwÆ gfds k':tsn] hUuf PsLs/0f
cfof]hgf sfof{GJog ug]{ qmddf /x]sf c:ki6tf / låljwfnfO{ x6fpg
cjZo klg rflxFbf] ;xof]u k'¥ofpg]5 eGg] d ljZj:t5' . hUuf
PsLs/0f cfof]hgf ;~rfn ljlwleq ljBdfg 1fgsf cefj, lg0f{out
låljwf / sfo{ut c:ki6tf cflb y'k|} ljifonfO{ lr/kmf/ u/L cfof]hgff
sfof{Gjog ljlwsf] ;Ifd ;fdu|Lsf] ¿kdf n]vsåo >L ;"o{eQm ;fFufR5]F
/ >L lu/Lhf k|;fb uf]vf{nLn] n]Vg' ePsf] of] k':ts cToGt ;do;fk]If
/x]sf]n] n]vsåosf] of] k|of; j:t't k|;+zgLo /x]sf 5 . To:t} n]vsåo
leqsf] of]Uotf, cg'ej / sfo{sf}zntfsf] k|:km'/0f u/L k':tssf]¿kdf
hg;dIf Nofpg k|sfzg ;DaGwL sfo{df cfly{s ;xof]u k|bfg ug]{
hfkfg cGt/f{li6«o ;xof]u lgof]u -hfOsf_ / ;f]sf] nflu k|of; ug'{x'g]
>L ldofhfsL gfcf]sfh'nfO{ klg d xflb{s s[t1tf 1fkg ub{5' . cGtdf
o; k':ts k|sfzg sfo{df k|ToIf jf k/f]If¿kdf ;xof]u k'¥ofpg' x'g]
;Dk"0f{ ;xof]uL ldqx¿nfO{ wGojfb lbFb} hUuf PsLs/0f cfof]hgff
sfof{Gjog qmddf of] k':ts ;a} lh1f;'sf nflu ;xof]uL l;4 x'g
;sf];\ eGg] xflb{s sfdgf ub{5' .
wGojfb .
k"0f{ s8l/of
dxflgb]{zs,
aa/dxn, sf7df8f}+ .
k|fSsyg
g]kfnsf] cfw'lgs zx/L ljsf;sf] k|of;df ;fj{hlgs–lghL
;fem]bf/Ldf ;8s vf]Ng lj=;+= @)## ;fndf kf]v/f l:yt lrKn]9'Ëfb]lv
k[YjLrf]s;Ddsf] gofF ;8s If]qdf hUuf PsLs/0f sfo{ ;j{k|yd k|of]u
ePsf] dfGg ;lsG5 . kmf§km'§ ¿kdf c? Ps–b'O{j6f hUuf PsLs/0f
sfo{x¿ ePtfklg lj=;+= @)$% ;fnsf] gu/ ljsf; P]gn] hUuf
PsLs/0f zAbnfO{ klxnf] k6s cf}krfl/s¿kdf k|of]udf NofPsf] kfOG5 .
zx/L ljsf; tyf k"jf{wf/ ljsf;sf] nflu hUuf v/Lb ug{
kof{Kt /sd pknAw geO/x]sf] / hUuf clwu|x0f sfo{ hl6n x'Fb}
uO/x]sf] cj:yfdf hUuf PsLs/0f k4lt dfkm{t\ zx/L k"jf{wf/ ljsf;
Pj+ lj:tf/ ug]{ sfd xfn cltpko'Qm b]lvFb} cfPsf] 5 . gu/ ljsf;
P]g, @)$% nfu" ePkl5 uf]Ëa'F hUuf Psls/0f cfof]hgfb]lv xfn;Dd
ljleGg :yfgdf nfu" eO;s]sf / eO/x]sf hUuf PsLs/0f Hofb}
pkko'Qm tyf nf]slk|o /x]sf] 5 . oL s'/fx¿ sf7df8f}+ pkTosfdf
bzsf}+b]lv ;kmn sfof{Gjog x'g g;s]sf] 8Nn' hUuf ljsf; tyf ;}+j'
hUuf ljsf; sfo{qmddf o;sf] k|of]uaf6 k|fKt ;kmntfn] klg bzf{pF5 .
To:t} xfn hgtfn] hUuf PsLs/0f k4lt cg';f/ hUuf ljsf; ul/lbg
k|fKt cg'/f]wx¿af6 klg k|i6 x'G5 . lj/f6gu/ rqmky lgdf{0fdf k|of]u
ug{ nfluPh:t} sf7df8f}+sf] rqmky tyf dWo kxf8L /fhdfu{sf gofF
zx/x¿sf k"jf{wf/ ljsf; lgdf{0fdf ;d]t k|of]u ug]{ k|of; eO/x]sf] 5 .
o;/L hUuf PsLs/0f ljlwaf6 zx/Ls/0fnfO{ Jojl:yt ug{ 7"nf] ;3fp
k'Ug ;Sg] s'/f k|i6 g} b]lvG5 .
o; kl/l:yltdf hUuf PsLs/0f k4ltnfO{ cem Jofks tyf
Jojl:yt ug{ @)^) ;fndf k|sflzt cfof]hgf ;~rfng sfo{ljlwnfO{
;do;fdlos tyf kl/dfh{gsf] cfjZostf dxz'; u/L sf7df08f}
pkTosf / b]zsf cGo efudf ;~rflnt hUuf PsLs/0f cfof]hgfx¿sf]
cg'ejsf] cfwf/df of] hUuf PsLs/0f ljlw kl/dflh{t ;+:s/0f
nv]sqoaf6 tof/ u/fO{ zx/L ljsf; tyf ejg lgdf{0f ljefun]
k|sfzg u/]sf] xf] . ;/n g]kfnL efiffdf n]lvPsf] o; k'l:tsfdf hUuf
PsLs/0fsf] kl/ro, kl/efiff, cfof]hgf ;~rfngsf k"j{zt{x¿, If]q
5gf]6, ;DefJotf cWoog, lj:t[t of]hgf th'{df ljlw, ;]jf ;'ljwfsf]
:t/ lgwf{/0f, nufgL c;'nL, ljBdfg sfg"gL k|fjwfgx¿, cfof]hgf
sfof{Gjog ljlw, cfof]hgf x:tfGt/0f, cg'udg tyf d"NofÍg cflb
ljifox¿sfaf/] k|i6 j0f{g ul/Psf] 5 .
of] k'l:tsf n]Vg'x'g] zx/L ljsf;sf k"j{ lgb]{zs >L ;"o{eQm
;fFuf5]+, l;+xb/af/ ;lrjfno k'gMlgdf{0f ;ldltsf ;b:o ;lrj >L
lul/hf k|;fb uf]vf{nL tyf sf7df08f} ljsf; k|flws/0fsf jl/i7
OlGhlgo/ >L s?0ff zfSo ljz]if wGojfbsf kfq x'g'x'G5 . To:t}u/L
o; k'l:tsfsf] k|sfzgdf of]ugf ug'{x'g] ;Dk"0f{ dxfg'efjx¿, sDKo'6/
ck/]6/ tyf sDKo'6/ ;]l6+u u/L 5kfO{ sfo{ ug'{x'g] l;=Pg=Pg= lk|lG6Ë
k|]z sDkgL k|lt cfef/ k|s6 ub{5' .
cGtdf, o; k'l:tsfsf] k|sf;gdf ljleGg ;xof]u lbg'x'g] o;
ljefusf dxflgb]{zs O{= zDe" s]=;L=Ho", gofF zx/L cfof]hgfsf
tTsfnLg k|d'v >L /lj zfxHo", xfnsf k|d'v >L /fh'dfg dfgGw/Ho"sf]]
k|]/0ffbfoL e"ldsfk|lt s[t1tf JoQm ub{5f}+ .
– k|sfzs
ljifo–;"rL
qmd ;+= lzif{s k]h g+=
z'e sfdgf
k|fSsyg
!= hUuf PsLs/0fsf] kl/efiff
#= hUuf PsLs/0fsf ;DefJo If]qx?sf] klxrfg
$= hUuf PsLs/0fsf k"j{zt{x¿
%= hUuf PsLs/0f If]q 5gf}6
^= If]q ljZn]if0f
&=! k|f/lDes hfFr
&=@ ;DefJotf cWoog
&=# k|f/lDes of]hgf th'{df, sfof{Gjog / lg0f{o k|lqmof
&=$ k|zf;lgs Joj:yf
&=% lj:t[t of]hgf th'{df tyf sfof{Gjogsf r/0fx¿
&=%=! 38]/L lsQf ljZn]if0f / Ans lgwf{/0f
&=%=@ Ans lgwf{/0f ug]{ cfwf/x¿
&=^ of]ubfg ug'{kg]{ hUufsf] k|ltzt lgwf{/0f ljlw
&=&= hUufwgLx¿;Fu 5nkmn / k/fdz{
*=! ;8ssf] lsl;d / :6]088{ qm; ;]S;g
*=@ ;tx 9n k|0ffnL
*=# kmf]x/kfgLsf] 9n k|0ffnL
*=$ vfg]kfgL ljt/0f k|0ffnL
*=% v'nf If]q ljsf; -kfs{ lgdf{0f_
*=^ ljB't\ ljt/0f k|0ffnL
*=& b"/;~rf/ k|0ffnL
(= nufgL / nfut c;'nL k|lqmof
!! hUuf lkmtf{ lbg ckgfpg] gLlt
!@= x:tfGt/0f, cg'udg / d"Nof°g
!@=! x:tfGt/0f
!@=@ cg'udg
!@=# d"NofÍg
!#= cg';"rL !
! /lhi6]«;g b:t'/ 5'6af/] cy{ dGqfnosf] ;"rgf
@ gofF Kn6 /lhi6/sf] gd"gf
# ;fljssf] af6f] ;'ljwf cg';f/sf] hUuf tflnsf
$ ;fljssf] If]qkmn cg';f/sf] hUuf tflnsf
% ;fljs / k|:tfljt e"–pkof]u ljj/0f tflnsf
^ lkmtf{ lbg] hUufsf] If]qkmn lgsfNg] tflnsf
& hUufwgL c:yfoL k|df0f k'hf{sf] gd"gf
* k"jf{wf/ tyf ;]jf;'ljwf ljsf;sf] nfut cg'dfg kmf/fd
( lsQfsf6 / lgdf{0f /f]Ssf /fVg]af/]sf] ;fj{hlgs ;"rgfsf] gd"gf
!) af6f]sf] nflu of]ubfg ug'{ kg]{ hUufsf] tflnsf
!! ;flas / xfn ePsf] af6f]sf] ;'ljwf cg';f/ s§f ul/g] hUUffsf]
k|ltzt lgwf{/0f tflnsf
!@ cfof]hgfaf6 38]/L hUuf a'lemlnFbf ul/lbg] ekf{Osf] gd"gf
!# hUufwgL / cfof]hgfaLr x'g] ;Demf}tfsf] gd"gf
!$ hUuf PsLs/0f ug{ pkef]Qmf ;ldlt u7g ug]{af/]sf] ;fj{hlgs
;"rgfsf] gd"gf !% laqmL ug{ ;lsg] Kn6x¿sf] ljj/0f
!^ of]hgf :jLs[t ePsf] ;fj{hlgs ;"rgfsf] gd"gf
!& hUuf k|flKtsf] ;"rgfsf] gd"gf
!* s§L x'g] hUufsf] k|ltzt lgwf{/0f tflnsf
!( cfof]hgfsf] e"–pkof]u ljj/0f
@) hUuf PsLs/0f cfof]hgfsf] sfo{tflnsfsf] gd"gf
@! ;Ë7gfTds ;+/rgfsf] 9fFrf tyf cfjZos hgzlQm
@@ ;tx 9nsf] gd"gf gS;f
@# kmf]x/kfgLsf] ansf] gd"gf gS;f
@$ v'Nnf If]qsf] tflnsf
xfd|f] a:tL o:tf] x'g ;Qm}g / <
-km/flsnf af6f, ;'/lIft k}bndfu{, afn pBfg, r§ ldn]sf] 38]/L, ;fd'bflos :yn cflb ;'ljwfx¿ ePsf ¤_
;lhn} x'g ;S5 – hUuf PsLs/0f u/]/ ¤

1
hUuf PsLs/0f kl5sf] a:tL
! hUuf PsLs/0fcl3sf] lsQf gDa/ ! hUuf PsLs/0fkl5sf] lsQf gDa/

2
Tof] s;/L ;Dej eof] /fdaxfb'/sf hUuf x]/f}+ <
v= k|:tfljt ;8s tyf Jojl:yt hUufx¿
3
lgdf{0f sfo{n] ult lnP kl5
4
hUuf PsLs/0f M
kl/efiff M ljleGg JolQm Pjd\ ;ª\3;+:yfx¿sf] :jfldTjdf /x]sf hUuf hUufwgLx¿s} ;lqmo ;xeflutf
tyf yk nfesf] cg'kftdf hUuf of]ubfg lbg] u/L To;af6 af6f]3f6f], v'Nnf tyf cGo ;fd'bflos
:ynx¿ Pjd\ k"jf{wf/x¿ ;d]tsf] Joj:yf ePsf] If]qsf] ¿kdf ljsf; u/L rf/kf6] ldn]sf]
ljsl;t lsQfx?df k'glj{efhg u/L ;fljssf hUuf wgLx¿nfO{ lkmtf{ lbg] sfo{ .
cfwf/e"t l;4fGt M hUufsf] cfsf/ tyf :yfgnfO{ k'glg{df{0f u/L ;fljssf] eGbf a9L pkof]uL x'g] u/L
/fd|f] af6f]3f6f], v'Nnf tyf cGo ;fd'bflos :ynx¿ Pjd\ k"jf{wf/x¿ pknAw ePsf rf/kf6]
ldn]sf lsQfx¿ l;h{gf ug]{ .
!= /fdaxfb'/ t]/f] hUuf @= s] eof] t < 3/};Dd bdsn, PDa'n]G; cfpg
t sd ef] lg ¤ ;Sg] af6f]ý l5d]sdf kfs{, ;fd'bflos ejg eof] . Tolt
dfq x}g 9n, kfgL, lah'nL klg Jojl:yt eof] . x]/g, a:tL g}
slt /fd|f] / /dfOnf] . ;fFw;Ldf klg lvrf]nf] gx'g] u/L k|i6
eof] . d]/f] hUuf t Zofdn] klxn]sf] eGbf tLg u''0ff a9L
d"Nodf lsGg dfUb}5 .
#= d]/f] hUuf t ;a} af6f]df k/L

$= cF d]/f] t ;fgf] hUuf lyof] lj:yflkt xf]OPnf eg]sf] t d}n] klg
t/ ;x'lnot d"Nodf /sd lbP/ #%% hUuf s6fO{ afFsL hUuf oxLF
pko'Qm ;fOhsf] 38]/L kfPF . lkmtf{ kfPF .
5
hUuf PsLs/0fsf ljleGg r/0fx?M
$ of]hgf cjlwsf] nflu hUuf 6'qmofpg tyf
! zx/L of]hgf;Fu ldNg] u/L cfof]hgf :yn ejg lgdf{0f sfo{ /f]Ssf u/L /fo ;'emfj
5gf}6 ug]{ . lng ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf k|sfzg ug]{ .
@ hUufwgLx?;Fu j[xt\ 5nkmn u/L ;dembf/Ldf % df]6fdf]6L sfo{tflnsf ;d]tsf] cfof]hgf

k'Ug] / cfof]hgf If]q lgwf{/0f ug]{ . lrgf/L kq ;fj{hlgs ug]{ .
# pkef]Qmf ;ldlt / cfof]hgf Joj:yfkg ^ k|To]s lsQfsf] If]qkmn kl/l:ylt / hUuf wgL tyf
;ldlt u7g ug]{ . gu/ ljsf; ;ldlt eGbf df]xLx¿sf] nut, ljQLo ;+efJotf ;lxt %)%
c¿ ;ª\3;+:yfn] ug]{ eP pk;ldlt u7g u/L eGbf a9L hUuf wgL df]xLsf] :jLs[ltdf ;/sf/af6
g=lj=;= sf] cg'df]bg lng] . Ans gS;f, hUuf s§L l;4fGt :jLs[t lng] .
6
& ljsf; ug]{ k"jf{wf/ Pjd\ ;]jf ;'ljwfx?sf] :t/, !) hUuf PsLs/0fsf] l8hfOg ug]{ .
nfut hUuf of]ubfg k|ltzt ;d]tsf] vfsf tof/
u/L cfof]hgf Joj:yfkg ;ldltaf6 ;}4flGts
c'gdf]bg lng] .
* hUuf PsLs/0f If]qsf] gfkL gS;f, 6f]kf] gS;f, xjfO{ !! hUufwgL tyf cGo ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿;Fu hUuf
kmf]6f] tyf cGo tYofË ;Ësng ug]{ / cfjZostf PsLs/0f l8hfOgaf/] 5nkmn u/L lnlvt l6sf
cg';f/ gfkL ug]{ . l6Kk0fL lng]
( 6«+s k"jf{wf/x? PnfOgd]06 u/L Ans Knfg l8hfO{g !@ hUufwgL tyf cGo ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿sf] 6Lsf l6Kk0fL
ug]{ . Pjd\ u'gf;fx¿ lg/fs/0f u/L l8hfOg kl/dfh{g ug]{ .
7
!# hUuf PsLs/0fsf] of]hgf :jLs[t u/L ;"rgf !^ af6f]3f6f], v'Nnf tyf cGo ;fd'bflos If]q Pjd\
k|sfzg ug]{ . k"jf{wf/x? lgdf{0f ug]{ .
!$ gofF lsQfsf6 u/L ;f] cg';f/ hldgdf lsnf 7f]Sg] . !& af6f]3f6f], vfg]kfgL, 9n tyf cGo k"jf{wf/x? ljsf;
lgdf{0f vr{ Joxf]g{ a]Rg] hUuf laqmL ug]{ .
!% c:yfoL hUufwgL k"hf{ ljt/0f ug]{ . !* dfnkf]t sfof{noaf6 :yfoL hUuf wgLk"hf{ pknAw
u/fpg] .
8
s]xL ;DkGg hUuf PsLs/0f cfof]hgfx?sf] 5f]6f] emns
e"– pkof]u k|ltzt -%_
hUuf v'Nnf If]qsf]
If]qkmn lsQf lkmtf{ u/]sf] sl§ af6f]n] k"jf{wf/sf]
l;=g+= cfof]hgf :yfg cfof]hgf ;do wgL nflu
-x]S6/_ ;ª\Vof ljsl;t u/]sf] cf]u6]sf] nflu laqmL
;ª\Vof 5'6\ofOPsf]
hUuf hUuf hUuf u/]sf] hUuf
hUuf
! gofF ;8s k[YjLrf]s– lrKn] 9'Íf, kf]v/f @)##–)#% !$=* %) %) #% % !)
@ afUn'Í a; kfs{ e}/j 6f]n, kf]v/f @)#&–)#* sl/j # @% &% ^) -a;kfs{ ;d]t_ sl/j !%
# ;b/ nfOg ahf/ lj:tf/ g]kfnu+h, afFs] @)$*–%* sl/a % *) *! @% &% $) !% @)
$ uf]+ua' sf=d=kf= j8f @(, sf7df08f} * aif{ -@)$$–%@_ !$=$ #&^ $)^ &)=$ @(=^ !&=% %=@ ^=(
% n'e' nlntk', lhNnf # aif{ -@)$(–%@_ !#=% @)& @$# ^*=& #!=# !&=( $=$ (
9
^ sdn ljgfos eQmk'/ g=kf= $ % aif{ -@)$&–%@_ &=# !&) @)% ^&=% #@=% @!=% $=@ ^=*
& afudtL sl/8/ nlntk'/ j8f !) ( aif{ -@)$*–%&_ (=* @#( @%* &*=# @!=& !(
* lnjfnL eQmk'/ g=kf= ! / @ # aif{ -@)$!–%$_ #$ ^^& &&) ^^=% ##=% @#=^ @=* &=!
( ;}+a' nlntk'/ lhNnf !! aif{ -@)$&–%*_ @@=% %#^ &^) $$ %^ @@=* !@=( @)=#
!) 8Nn' sf=d=kf= !% !! aif{ -@)$&–%*_ @) $%% ^(! ^) $) @% & *
!! v'l;a'F klxnf] sf=d=kf= !^ / !& gofF ahf/ & aif{ -@)%!–%*_ $$=@% !#!@ !%^( &) #) @@ $ $
!@ rfjlxn sf=d=g= kf= j8f & & aif{ -@)%!–%*_ !)=( @$@ @(@ ^^=$% ##=%% @@=& #=* &=)%
!# l;gfdÍn sf=d=g=kf= jf8 #% & aif{ -@)%!–%*_ #^ (^$ !)&$ ^&=$) #@=^ @)=# %=# &
;DkGg hUuf PsLs/0f cfof]hgfx? M
!= gofF ;8s, kf]v/f
cfof]hgf cl3 cfof]hgf kl5
cfof]hgf kl/ro M
:yfg M k[YjL rf]saf6 lrKn]9'Íf;Dd, kf]v/f
If]qkmn M !$=* x] -@() /f]=_
af6f] M ##%
lsQf ;ª\Vof M
v'Nnf If]q M
ljsf; lgdf{0f vr{ M
nfeflGjt kl/jf/ ;ª\VofM
ljsf; lgdf{0f vr{ Joxf]g]{ j]lrPsf] If]qM sl/j !)%
cfof]hgf sfo{Gjog cjwL M @)##–#%
10
@= v'l;a'F gofF ahf/ hUuf PsLs/0f
cfof]hgfcl3 cfof]hgf kl/roM

:yfg M
v'l;a'F gofF ahf/, sf7df8f}+
If]qkmn
$$=@% x] -*&) /f]=_
lsQf ;ª\Vof M
!%^(
!#!@
cfof]hgf sfo{Gjog cjwL M
!((%–)@
af6f] M
@@%
v'Nnf If]q M
$%
cGo ;fj{hlgs If]q M
ljsf; lgdf{0f vr{ M
@&,*),)),)))
ljsf; lgdf{0f vr{ Joxf]g]{
a]lrPsf] If]q M
$%
cfof]hgfkl5
11
#= 8Nn' hUuf PsLs/0f

:yfg M
8Nn', sf7df8f}+
If]qkmnM
@) x] -#(# /f]=_
lsQf ;ª\Vof M
^(!
$%%
!((!–@))@
af6f] M
@%%
v'Nnf If]q M
&%
cGo ;fj{hlgs If]q M
ljsf; lgdf{0f vr{ M
!),&%,)),)))
a]lrPsf] If]q M
*%
cfof]hgfkl5
12
$= lnjfnL, eQmk'/ hUuf PsLs/0f

:yfg M
lnjfnL, eQmk'/
If]qkmnM
##=$% x] -^%& /f]=_
lsQf ;ª\Vof M
&&)
^^&
!((%–(*
af6f] M
@#=^%
v'Nnf If]q M
@=*%
cGo ;fj{hlgs If]q M
ljsf; lgdf{0f vr{ M
^,@#,)),)))
a]lrPsf] If]q M
&=!%
cfof]hgfkl5
13
%= sdnljgfos hUuf PsLs/0f
cfof]hgfcl3 cfof]hgfkl5
cfof]hgf kl/ro M
:yfg M sdnljgfos, eQmk'/ af6f] M @!=%%
If]qkmn M &=#@ x] -!$$ /f]=_ v'Nnf If]q M $=@%
lsQf ;ª\Vof M @)% cGo ;fj{hlgs If]qM
nfeflGjt kl/jf/ ;ª\Vof M !&) ljsf; lgdf{0f vr{ M *^,)),)))
cfof]hgf sfo{Gjog cjwL M !((! b]lv !((^ ljsf; lgdf{0f vr{ Joxf]g]{ j]lrPsf] If]q M ^=*%
14
^= uf]+ua' hUuf PsLs/0f
cfof]hgfcl3 cfof]hgfkl5
cfof]hgf kl/ro M
:yfg M uf]+ua', l/ª /f]8, sf7df8f}+ af6f] M !&=%%
If]qkmn M !$=## x] -@*) /f]=_ v'Nnf If]q M %=@%
lsQf ;ª\Vof M $)^ cGo ;fj{hlgs If]qM
nfeflGjt kl/jf/ ;ª\Vof M #&^ ljsf; lgdf{0f vr{ M ^,(*,)),)))
cfof]hgf sfo{Gjog cjwL M !(** b]lv !((^ ljsf; lgdf{0f vr{ Joxf]g]{ j]lrPsf] If]q M ^=(%
15
9n cflb k"jf{wf/x? /fVb}
l;gfdÍn, sf7df08f}
;8s agfpFb} klxsf] v'l;a'F

gofFahf/, sf7df08f} .
af6f]sf] ;fy ;fy} ejgx?

lgdf{0f x'Fb} .
l;gfdÍn,sf7df08f}
16
17
k|sfzs M Published by :
zx/L ljsf; dGqfno Minisry of Urban Development
zx/L ljsf; tyf ejg lgdf{0f ljefu Department of Urban Development
aa/dxn, sf7df08f} and Building Construction
Babarmahal, Kathmandu
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k'gM 5kfO{ @)^) – !))) k|lt Reprint 2003 - 1000 copies
k'gM 5kfO{ @)^! – @))) k|lt Reprint 2005 - 2000 copies
k'gM 5kfO{ @)^* – $))) k|lt Reprint 2012 - 4000 copies
Edited print 2015 -
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lu/Lhf k|;fb uf]vf{nL, zx/L k"jf{wf/ of]hgfsf/ Mr. G.P. Gorkhaly, Urban Infrasturcture Planner
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Land Pooling
(What, Why, Where and How ?)
Published by :
Minisry of Urban Development
Department of Urban Development and Building Construction
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Land Pooling Manual

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