Professional Documents
Culture Documents
ON
NUTRACEUTICALS
Submitted
In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
For the Degree of
BACHLEOR OF PHARMACY
By
MOHMMAD IMRAN MIR
To the
Faculty of Pharmacy
DR. A.P.J. ABDUL KALAM TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY
UTTAR PRADESH, LUCKNOW
2022-2023
DECLERATION
I hereby declare that the project report entitled “Practice School” was empirical finding and
this report is based on information collection collected and earned by me I did not copy
anything’s from the reports earlier.
All information’s in this report is given by me by the different sections. Which is included in
this report sections.
Date: Signature of
student : Mohmmad Imran Mir
Signature:
Signature:
Assistant Professor
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
“The expression of words loses its significance when we are searching for an
appealing sentence of gratitude and obligation. Since acknowledgement is the only part
of the report which lacks guidance.”
Everybody is a genius. But if you judge a fish by its ability to climb a tree, it will live
its whole life believing that it is stupid.
Albert Einstein
Education is not the amount of inspiration that is put into brain and runs riots there,
undigested, all your life. Therefore, we must have life building, man making, character
building, and assimilation of ideas.
Swami
Vivekananda
It is a matter of extreme pleasure and pride for me in submitting my “Practice School
Report” for Bachelor of Pharmacy in Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University
Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh.
I wish to express my sincere thanks with deep sense of gratitude, to supervisor Mr.
Amit Kumar Bhatt, Assistant professor, KNIMT, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sultanpur. For his
guidance, support and providing great opportunity with all facility to all related my project
Report.
CONTENTS
There are several plants and herbs like tulsi, turmeric, papaya, berries, grapes, amaranth
leaves, spirulina, and some marines which are good source of nutrients which helps in
prevention of disease like CVS, GIT problems, kidney dysfunction and liver and disorders .
These have least side effects, are locally available and economic. Nutraceutical have higher
efficacy.
Introduction
The word "Nutraceuticals" is coined from two word Nutra (which means the food which provides
nourishment) and pharmaceutical(which means medicinal property)[1] . Many dietary compounds are
present in nutraceuticals which balances the anabolism and catabolism occurring in the body. In the
past two years (2019-2021),COVID-19 has caused a severe health issue to the millions of peoples
worldwide and it has mainly resulted in weakening of the immune system.[2]
It regulates the homeostasis functions and boost the metabolism in the body which is required for
proper functioning of the organs. It helps in prevention of osteoarthritis(a degenerative disease) which
results in stiffness, swelling in the synovium joint.[3]
It is not just the source of tremendous energy but also has several medicinal and therapeutic benefits.
The aim of nutritional therapy is to replace the supplementary therapy with nutraceuticals. it improves
the digestion and also has the capability of detoxification and a good dietary fibre. [4]
Nutraceuticals are natural biologically active compounds which apart from having nutritional role,
promotes health and possess curing and prevention features. It contains essential nutrients like
proteins, minerals, carbohydrates, vitamins and many more.[5]
Investigational report confirms that nutraceuticals are effective in treatment chronic diseases such as
cancer, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. [6]
the study performed an experiment also called as discrete choice experiment to examine the customers
priorities for the will to pay because while choosing any product people generally prefer the brand
having least chemicals and more natural or herbal ingredients. [7]
according to international lipid expert panel (LEP), these aids in the prevention of cardiovascular
disease and focus on lowering the bad cholesterol that is low density lipoprotein(LDL).[8]
in short we can say that nutraceuticals the food or products which are obtained from the herbal and
medicinal plant sources and helps in human wellbeing and prevention of chronic disease like anaemia,
calcium deficiency, osteoporosis, psoriasis, etc.[8]
Classification
b-Dietary supplements
c-Herbs
1-CAROTENOIDS
2-DIETARY FIBRES
3-POLYPHENOLIC COMPONDS
a) Flavanones-citrus fruits
f) Curcumin-turmeric root
4-FATTY ACIDS
5-ISOTHIOCYANATES
6-phenols
Caffeic acid and ferulic acid-apples, pears, citrus fruits, vegetables
7-PLANT STANOLS/STEROLS
11-ALKALOIDS
a) Quinine-chinchona
c) Morphine-opium poppy
d) Ergot alkaloids-fungus
e) Vincristine-periwinkle
f) Vinblastine-periwinkle
g) Coumarin-fenugreek
h) Scopoletin-fenugreek
i) Trigonelline-fenugreek
12-NON-CAROTENOID TERPENOIDS
c) Terpinol-pulse crops
d) Terpene limonoids
13-ANTHRAQUINONES
b) Barbaloin-aloe
d) Capsaicin-hot peppers
a) Menthol-mint family
b) Borneol-pine oil
c) Santonin-wormwood[12]
The choice of food we produce and eat has a notable impact on our health, environment, and society.
From the perspective of health, the utmost important concern for an individual, what we eat has a
direct effect on the healthiness of our gut. Several diseases of the gut are manifestations of our diet;
irritable bowel syndrome, ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s disease, and gluten therapy[13]
1-TURMERIC (curcumin)
[14]
Turmeric is also called as haldi is known for its herbal property since ancient age.it is one of the
polyphenol which is found naturally in the rhizomes of turmeric or curcuma longa and its other
species.it is used as herbal medicine or medicinal herb for many purpose.
Chemical constituent-curcumin
Antioxidant property
Anti-microbial property
Anti-inflammatory property
Anti-cancerous property
Antimutagenic property
Anti-allergic[15]
2-CLOVE
[16]
Clove also called as laung in our native india is used for curing many diseases and its preventin.it
contains eugenol as a main constituent which is responsible for its activity. eugenol is also found in
many medicinal plants. Eugenol is obtained from the buds and leaves of Eugenia caryophyllus. It has
broad range of biological, pharmacological and functional properties.
Chemical constituent-eugenol
Anti-cancerous property
Anaesthetic property
Ant-oxidant property
Anti-microbial property
Hypolipidemic property
Anti-diabetic property
3-COCONUT
[16]
Coconut or coconut nucifera is also called shrifal in our Vedic culture is planted over a large scale to
meet the needs of people for the products having medicinal and nutritional values. Its oil contains
medium chain fatty acid which have the ability to convert into fatty acids by being easily absorbed
and getting metabolised in the liver. Ketone bodies are known to be useful in memory impairment (in
Alzheimer`s disease) and can be used as an alternative source of energy in brain.[18]
White part or remnants of coconut is mechanically squeezed to produce a coconut milk.it contains
abundant amount of cellulose (carboxy methyl cellulose) and carbohydrates and crude fibres. It
contains 72.6% of total dietary fibre and its water contains 72.3% of TDF. Hence, it is known as drug
reducing substance or agent. It is also used as refreshing drink or energy drink for pregnant women’s.
Plasma replacement
As probiotics
Anti-oxidant property
Throat infection
Influenza
Bronchitis
Digestive problems
Gonorrhoea
Lice
Giardia
Anti-fungal property
Anti-viral property
Anti-bacterial property
Anti-parasitic property
Diabetes, etc..[20]
4-MARINE MOLLUSKS
[16]
Marine molluscs traditionally used as medication in different regions of world. it`s different parts
such as shells, mucilage, basal parts, entire organism, soft tissues are taken into use for nutraceutical
benefits.
Use-
Dotage
Cancer
inflammation.[13]
5-GRAPES
[16]
Grapes, also known as anguur contains polyphenolic compounds which is beneficial for
cardiovascular disease.it has a main chemical constituent known as resveratrol, aids in many health
and skin problems.
Chemical constituent-resveratrol
Uses:
Antioxidant
Heart disease
6-GINGKO BILOBA
[16]
It is also known as maidenhair tree is native to china. It is the most studied herb in the current
scenario with respect to memory and brain performance. The efficacy of gingko was compared to
tacrine, rivastigmine donepezil and was found effective.
Uses:
Dementia, etc..
7-PINUS
[16]
Pinus is known widely for have been used as nutrient supplements and in various health benefits. Its
bark also called as pycnogenol is used in treating or prevention of many diseases. It has many benefits
such as by increasing capillary permeability it enhances microcirculation, against the free radicals and
the nitrogen species it has scavenging activity in which it protects endogenous species from
undergoing oxidative stress.
Uses:
Anti-inflammatory
Anti-oxidant
Anti-mutagenic
In cancer
Venous disorders
Diabetes
Allergy
Asthma
Menstrual disorders…[23]
8-BIFIDOBACTERIUM LONGUM
[24]
it is an probiotic that can be found in products such as fermented milk . it is very useful nutraceutical
which maintains the health of gut. It is good source of vitamin B12.
Uses:
Vitamin B 12
In hypercholesteremia
In diabetes, etc..[25]
9-ALOVERA
[26]
Alovera, also known as ghrit kumari is derived from alloeh(arabic word) and vera(latin word) is a
succulent plant which belongs to the Liliaceae family. Its stems are thick and fleshy which of great
medicinal use.
It is mainly used in the formulation of cosmetic products such as skin lotion, in ointments beverages,
aloe gel, face cream.it is grown in small pots as an ornamental plant.it is grown in dry places of Asia,
Europe, America and found abundantly in India.[27]
Chemical constituents- emodin, alovin, amino acids ,anthraquinones, enzymes , minerals, hormones,
salicylic acid, saponins, etc..[27]
Uses:
Analgesic
Anti-fungal
Anti-viral
anti-microbial
in wound healing
anti-inflammatory
antiseptic
cleansing purpose
10-AMARANTH LEAVES
[29]
Amaranth are dark green leafy vegetables, is a fast growing plant and cheap in cultivating.it belongs
to the amaranthaceae family.it is everlasting and unwitting plant.[30]
Chemical constituents-
- Betaxanthins
-Chlorophylls
-Carotenoids
-Beta-carotene
- Flavonoids
-Phenolics[31]
Uses:
Hypoglycaemic
Cardioprotective
Anti-diabetic
Anti-hypercholesterolemia
Ant-neoplastic
Anti-fungal
Anti-bacterial
Anti-hyperlipidaemic[32]
11-AVOCADO
[33]
Avocado which is also known as alligator pear or butter fruit is a tropical fruit which is grown in the
regions of america.it is of highest nutritious and medicinal value and has good therapeutic property.
the parts of avocado such as seed, fruit, oil, pulp are used in various ways for many purposes.[34]
Chemical constituents- phenolic acid, hydroxycinnamic acid, hydroxy benzoic acid, flavonoids,
procynidins, etc..[35]
Uses:
Anti-microbial
Anti-oxidant
Anti-aging
Cancer
Arthritis
Inflammation
Periodontal disease..[36]
12-BERRIES
[37]
Berries are the group of fruits which involves blackberries ,blueberries, lingonberries, strawberries
and many more.it possesses many phytochemicals which is of multiple benefits. these are used to
make many health supplements and also eaten as it as to obtain the maximum benefits.in all these
berries, gooseberries is enriched in vitamin-c.
Berries are sweet and tangy flavours so they are employed in making jams, jellies, salsa, salads,
beverages, etc.. it is also used in cosmetics such as face creams, ointments, etc.
Uses:
Anti-inflammation
Anti-microbial
Anti-obesity
Prebiotic
Anti-oxidant
Neuroprotective
Cardioprotective, etc..[38]
13-BROCCOLI
[39]
Broccoli belongs to the family of cauliflower, cabbage and mustard that is Brassicaceae. It has flower
head, fleshy stem and roots. It has great nutritious value. Earlier it was cultivated in America and
Europe countries but now it is common in many countries. Its flower is used for eating purpose and
its seed is used to extract oil.[40](131)
Chemical constituents- vitamins, poly phenols, glucosinolates, niacin, folates, pantothenic acid,
cholin, betaine.[41]
Uses:
Anti-inflammatory
Anti-oxidant
Anti-cancerous
Type 2 diabetes
Obesity
Cardiovascular disease
Anti-bacterial[42]
14-DATES
[43]
Dates or khajoor is fruit that is grown in hot and dry areas of the world such as Saudi Arabia, Abu
Dhabi, etc.. flesh of dates fruit is rich source of iron and minerals, calcium and its seed have numerous
medicinal properties. It is used as dry fruits in many dishes like kheer, halwa etc.
Uses:
Anti-oxidant
Anti-microbial
Anti-cancer
Anti-diabetic
Reduces oxidative stress [44]
15-GARLIC
[45]
Garlic or allium sativum which is known for its medicinal values since ancient times is native to
Asian countries. Garlic is included in almost every spicy food. The pulp of garlic has anti-tumour
properties which helps in reducing breast and other cancers.
Because of its pungent smell some people are not able to it so to overcome this problem it has been
formulated in capsule form to fulfil this supplement. Garlic contains more than 200 compounds.[46]
(138)
Uses:
Hypertension
Diabetes
Hyperlipidaemia
Thrombosis
Cardiovascular disease
Atherosclerosis
Anti-oxidant
Anti-microbial
Anti-cancer
Anti-fungal[47]
16-GINGER
[48]
Ginger is also known as adrak is rhizome from zinziberaceae family. It is maily grown in south east
Asia region. It is used in nausea and vomiting in pregnancy. It has many medicinal values.it is used as
home remedy for getting relief from cold and cough.[49]
In traditional medicinal system ,the ginger in its dried form was used for treating common symptoms
such as heartburn, indigestion, loss of appetite, diabetes, stomach cramps, etc.[50]
Use
Anti-cancer
Gastric
Anti-oxidant
Analgesic
Anti-inflammatory
Skin disease[52]
17-GREEN TEA
[53]
Green tea (camellia sinensis) is obtained from camellia sinensis plant. It is generally grown in China
and Asia region.it contain various types of biologically active phytoconstituents such as caffeine,
polyphenols.
Green tea used as a stimulant and different types of diseases like- osteoarthritis, auto-immune disease.
Green tea used as a stimulant and different types of diseases like- osteoarthritis, auto-immune disease.
[54]
Uses:
Anti inflammatory
Antitumorigenic
Anticancer
Antioxidants
18- MULBERRY
[56]
Mulberry is a woody plant belongs to the family of moraceae. Blueberry originated from the China
and Japan region.it has different medicinal uses like lower the blood pressure, laxatives etc.it is used
as a fruit as well as herbal medicine.
It has generally two types black and red mulberry. Although other different varieties of mulberry plant
used in Ayurveda, Chinese and Unani system of medicine as a medicinal plant.[57]
Chemical constituents- carotenoids, anthocyanins, essential oil, phenolics, flavonoids, sugar, etc.
Use:
Anaemia
Dizziness
Constipation
Sore throat
UTI infection
Fever
Weakness
Kidney treatment[58]
19-OKRA
[59]
Okra/lady finger is also called bhindi is a annual shrub of malvaceae family. It is mostly cultivated in
tropical and subtropical regions. It is eaten as vegetable and the extract of its pods is used as
thickening agent in soups and sauces. it has many health benefits which includes- in memory, and is
good for eye sight.[60]
Uses:
Anti-diabetic
Anti-Ulcer
Gastroprotective
As diuretic
Anti-oxidant
Anti-bacterial
Atherosclerosis[62]
20-PAPAYA
[63]
Carica papaya is a succulent fruit which has umbrella like canopy. It is used fruit as well as
phytotheraputic agent. It is grown in countries of India, Asia, and Africa.it is melon like fleshy fruit
which is sweet in taste. due to injury, the papaya tree sometimes gets branched. It produces white
latex.
Chemical constituents- carotenes, flavonoids, pantothenic acid, fibres, vitamin-B, potassium, folate,
minerals.[64]
Uses-
Anti-inflammatory
Anti-platelets
In hypercholesteremia
Trauma
Allergies
Lesions
Anti-viral
Anti-fungal
Anti-bacterial
Anti-diabetic
In dengue
Thrombogenesis[65]
21-PEAS
[66]
Pisum sativum or peas is legume which is grown in more than 90 countries. Its production is
estimated to be 13.5 million metric tones.it us rich source of protein. Its nutritional value is high as
compared to soyabean protein. It is eaten as vegetables and pulses and sometimes added in soups.[67]
Use;
Cardiovascular disease
Weight management
Anti-oxidant
Gastrointestinal disease
Hypertension[68]
22-PUMPKIN
[69]
Pumpkin is one of the famous nutraceutical with many health benefits.it belongs to Cucurbitaceae
family and contains about 12 different species. pumpkin oil is used as edible oil. It can be grown
easily anywhere.[70]
Chemical constituents- vanillic acid, ferulic acid, tocopherol, tocotrienol, stigmasterol, p-
hydroxybenzoic acid, protocatechuic acid.[71]
Uses:
Anti-diabetic
Anti-inflammatory
hypolipidemic
Anti-oxidant
Anti-bacterial
Anti-fungal[72]
23-SPIRULINA
[73]
Chemical constituents- phycocyanin, fatty acids, allophycocyanin, phycoerythrin, linoleic acid, alpha-
linoleic acid, arachidonic acid, docosahexaenoic acid.[75]
Uses:
Anticancer
Antihyperlipidemic
Anti-oxidant
Malnutrition
Antiaging
Gastric ulcer
Pre-menstrual syndrome
Anti-diabetic
Anaemia
Cardiac[76]
24-TOMATO
[77]
Tomato is juicy and fleshy red colour vegetable is a member of Solanaceae family. It is used in
making sauces, soups, pastes and in salads.[78] It is enriched with anti-oxidants which has many
health benefits. It is cultivated in European and Asian countries. It can be grown easily with least
efforts. it is red in colour due to presence of lycopene.[79]
Chemical constituent- lycopene, catechin, resveratrol, luteolin, cinnamic acid, vanillic acid.[79]
Use:
Cancer
Cardiovascular disease
Diabetes
Constipation
Anaemia
Anti-inflammatory
Scurvy
Eye disease
Liver disease
Detoxification
25-TURNIP
[81]
Turnip is oldest grown vegetables since the ancient times in the regions of European countries. It is
grown in winter season. It is also known as brassica rapa in scientific language. It is white flesh
vegetable grown beneath light green thin leaves. Its edible part is used for making energy soups,
boiled vegetables, stews. [82]
Use:
Anti-microbial
Anti-oxidant
Anti-tumor
Analgesic
Hepatoprotective
Anti-diabetic
Antihyperlipidemic
Cardioprotective
Obesity
Nephroprotective[84]
The market of global nutraceutical is believed to be USD 117 billion (INR 5148 billion).
1-CALCIROL-D
-Calcium supplement
2-GRD
-Nutritional supplement
Manufacturer-zydus cadila
3-PROTEINEX
-Protein supplement
Manufacturer- pfizer
4-CORAL CALCIUM
- Calcium supplement
Manufacturer-natures answer
5-CHYAWANPRASH
-Immune booster
6- OMEGA WOMEN
-Immune supplement
Manufacturer-wassen, surrey, UK
-immune booster
8-AMIRIPRASH(GOLD)
Conclusion:
The information present in this article for various types of herbal nutraceutical plants and their
medicinal and therapeutic uses. In this article, studies of numerous nutraceutical herbal plants such as-
turmeric, papaya, tomato blueberry etc. These herbal plants (nutraceuticals) provide health benefits as
well as prevention of certain chronic diseases like cancer, cardiac disease, diabetes etc. Certain
evidences of nutraceuticals gives information to prevention and treatment of chemotherapy which
induced peripheral neuropathy therefore future clinical trials gives investigational reports that natural
compound (nutraceutical) used as neuroprotective agents.
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