DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE

KULIYYAH OF ARCHITECTURE AND ENVIRONMENT DESIGN

INTERNATIONAL ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY MALAYSIA

ASSIGNMENT 3

MAAR 7190 – ARCHITECTURAL TECHNOLOGY

NAME: MUBARAKAH BINTI JAILANI

MATRIC NO: G2115252

SESSION: SEMESTER 1 2021/2022

LECTURER: AR. ADLI HADI BIN ABDUL HADI

 TABLE OF CONTENT

Acknowledgement 1

1.0 Introduction 2

2.0 Design Development and Building Strategies 3

2.1 Site Plan 4

2.1 Cool Pavement 5

2.2 Green Roof 6

2.2 Alfresco Dining 7

2.2 Terrace Garden 8

2.2 Terrace Garden 9

2.2 Terrace Garden 10

2.2 Terrace Garden 11

3.0 Conclusion 12
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Praise be to Allah the God Almighty; for the bestowed upon us, the strength, peace of mind and good health in order to
complete this report. First and foremost, I humbly express my deep gratitude to the lecturer, Ar. Adli Hadi Abdul Hadi for
guiding me this semester. Similarly, I express my humble thanks to other educators, Prof. Dato’ Sri Ar. Dr. Asiah Abdul Rahim,
Asst. Prof. Ar. Dr. Srazali Aripin, Prof. Ar. Dr. Abdul Razak Sapian and Assoc. Prof. LAr. Dr Mohd Ramzi Mohd Hussain for
sharing their profound wisdom and expertise. Besides, I would like to mention the knowledge presented by you in aiding us in
our studies. In addition, I would like to extend my sincere thanks to all the individuals for their input, kind support and help in
many ways for me to complete of this report.

I would like to express my gratitude towards my family for the support, encouragement and consideration which helps me
in completing this report despite the circumstances. I highly indebted to the Postgraduate Division, Kulliyyah of Architecture
and Environmental Design (KAED), International Islamic University Malaysia for their guidance and constant supervision as
well as for providing necessary information regarding this report and for their support in completing this endeavour. My thanks
and appreciation go to our colleagues and people who have willingly helped us out with their abilities in these challenging times.

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1.0 INTRODUCTION

According to Murphy, A. (2019), innovative design is a process to identify, pinpoint and understand the needs of occupants, thus designing
the solutions to cater to these needs or issues. Inclusivity is the most important element in the definition of innovative design. The design should be
fair to all occupants despite their abilities and that it should be fair and practical in terms of accessibility and functionality. Furthermore, innovative
design strives to analyze as many practical solutions to as many different issues as possible so that more occupants can engage into the building or
the public space. Back to the brief of this assignment, the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) has highlighted 17 goals and six (6) of them are
deeply related to the industry of architecture and urban design.

These goals are, SDG 3: Good Health and Well-Being, SDG 6: Clean Water and Sanitation, SDG 7: Affordable and Clean Energy,
SDG 9: Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure, SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities and lastly, SDG 13: Climate Action. The
vitality of incorporating SDG into innovative design is unquestionable in order to provide a better living environment for all inhabitants. In
focusing to SDG 13: Climate Action, this goal aims to resolve the global warming issues as well as minimizing the Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect
to the environment in order to ensure occupant’s indoor and outdoor thermal comfort.

There are a lot of applications and installations that have been introduced that contributes to urban cooling and mitigating the UHI effect
such as solar panel, cooling and permeable paving, green walls and evaporative cooling system. As for the proposed typology which is Taiping
Lake Garden Clubhouse, the objective is to design the building strategies that caters for both indoor spaces and outdoor areas.

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2.0 DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

The masterplan is derived from Taiping Heritage City where the southeast is chosen for Zone D as part of the Trail of Time concept. Taiping
Lake Garden Clubhouse proposal intention is a public space that brings several community and neighbourhood groups together to offer a range of
activities, programs and services. Taiping Lake Garden is well known as the National Heritage and have a unique historical and landscape roles in the
city. Besides its Heritage Trees, the Lake Garden have functioned as recreational area for Taiping community for a long time now. The proposal of
community clubhouse is geared towards socializing, recreation and spending time engaging in a variety of activities together.

GRID IRON
CONNECTION

The gridiron layouts inspired

by Taiping town center with Creating visual linkages from
the rectilinear road system Pagoda Cina which has been the
are feasible to the physical referral point, connecting to
movement and visual residential area at Jalan Kg
legibility Maharaja Lela

EXTENDED NEW C O U R T YA R D
PLAZA

Connected to pedestrian and Allows airflow which

built a visible referral and provides ventilation for
meeting point cooling and hygienic
environment

(Figure 2.0: Design development of the Clubhouse

Source: Mubarakah Jailani) 3
2.1 SITE PLAN

The masterplan is derived from Taiping Heritage City where the southeast is chosen for Zone D as part of the Trail of Time concept. Taiping
Lake Garden Clubhouse proposal intention is a public space that brings several community and neighbourhood groups together to offer a range of
activities, programs and services. Taiping Lake Garden is well known as the National Heritage and have a unique historical and landscape roles in
the city. Besides its Heritage Trees, the Lake Garden have functioned as recreational area for Taiping community for a long time now. The proposal
of clubhouse is geared towards socializing, recreation and spending time engaging in a variety of activities together.

The orientation of the Clubhouse building is

positioned in relation to the sun's paths, as well as to
prevailing wind patterns. Form and orientation
applied constitute two of the most important passive
design strategies for reducing energy consumption
and improving thermal comfort for occupants of the
Clubhouse. It affects the amount of sun falling on
surfaces, daylighting and direction of winds. Thus,
they play a vital role in the Clubhouse design
approach as these strategies interventions are giving
the benefit back to the building. Site orientation
drastically increases the energy efficiency while
decreasing the effect of the Clubhouse on the natural
environment. It affects the heating and cooling of the
Clubhouse and help to maintain an optimal
temperature in the living environment.
(Figure 2.2: Site Plan of proposed clubhouse
Source: Mubarakah Jailani)

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2.2 COOL PAVEMENT

The existing heritage building of Pagoda Cina located on the bridge in middle of Taiping Lake Garden (Figure 2.2a) are incorporated as the
direct axis towards the entrance and drop off area of the Clubhouse. Furthermore, living street of woonerf design were applied where the street is
shared among pedestrians, bicyclists, and motor vehicles. However, pedestrians have priority over cars. The street is designed without a clear
division between pedestrian and auto space such as continuous curb, in result, motorists are forced to slow down and travel with caution. Hence,
the character of the area is built beautifully with considerations towards visual appropriateness and the richness of the city that integrated into the
existing urban form and the natural and built environments.

Implementation of cool pavements are being used at the entrance coming from the axis of pedestrian from Pagoda Cina towards the drop off
area (Figure 2.2b) of the Clubhouse is mainly to reduce the Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect. The review found that reflective pavements can reduce
temperatures by up to 20°C and are more durable than evaporative pavements, which are less effective at temperature reduction but may have
other benefits, such as reducing runoff (Qin Ying, 2015). Cool paving materials at the entrance and drop off area are impermeable, hard, thick and
heavy. The material used are asphalt, concrete and compound paving.

(Figure 2.2a: The existing site context of Heritage (Figure 2.2: Entrance and drop off area of the Clubhouse
building of Gazebo Pagoda Cina Source: Mubarakah Jailani)
Source: Google Image) 5
2.3 GREEN ROOF

Green roofs have been proven to help reduce Urban Heat Island (UHI). A green rooftop garden (Figure 2.3a) were designed connected to
the restaurant on level 1 and accessible through outdoor area from the common area acting as lobby of the Clubhouse coming from drop off area
(Figure 2.3b). It is a vegetative layer grown on a rooftop. The green roofs provide shade, remove heat from the air, and reduce temperatures of the
roof surface and surrounding air. Using green roofs in cities with limited vegetation can moderate the heat island effect, particularly during the day.
Green roof temperatures can be 1-5°C lower than those of conventional roofs (United States Environmental Protection Agency, 2021) and can
reduce city-wide ambient temperatures . In addition, green roofs can reduce building energy use by 0.7% compared to conventional roofs, reducing
peak electricity demand and leading to an annual savings (United States Environmental Protection Agency, 2021). These temperature reduction and
energy efficiency benefits are a key contributor to the growing popularity of green roofs.

(Figure 2.3a: Green roof of the Clubhouse (Figure 2.3b: Stairs to green roof through outdoor
Source: Mubarakah Jailani) Source: Mubarakah Jailani)

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2.4 SHADING DEVICE

Shading in nature is generated by terrain features and vegetation and in settlements shade is also cast by buildings and shading devices. While there are several
examples of vernacular settlements in dry-hot climates where a compact building layout maximizes shade, cities cannot rely on the shade cast by buildings alone to cool
themselves. This is because city centers, being vastly different in scale, geometry and materials from vernacular settlements are susceptible to the UHI phenomenon. For
this reason, an efficient shading strategy were designed as the façade to utilized both vegetation and shading devices to maximize the thermal comfort.

(Figure 2.4: Perspective of the Clubhouse showing the shading device as facade
Source: Mubarakah Jailani)

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2.5 WATER BODIES

The urban heat island (UHI) effect caused by

urbanization is a major environmental concern. Utilizing
cooling effects by having water bodies as one type of
ecosystem service is an important way to mitigate UHI in
the Clubhouse area during the daytime. Application of water
bodies has thermal effect on the Clubhouse surroundings
through the cooling effects via the water, which is in
accordance with the micrometeorological theory on the
development of internal boundary layers. This is equally
true for possible warming effects, implying that night-time
warming by urban water bodies.

Although the cooling effects are not maximal, the

expected broad implementation will eventually lead to
considerable accumulated biometeorological effects. The
landscape of water bodies and vegetation shading are giving
cooling effects particularly from water itself. This implies
bringing different spatial elements together, among which (Figure 2.5: Perspective of the Clubhouse showing the landscape plaza and water
the water body, as to enable optimal cooling effects and to bodies around the Clubhouse
Source: Mubarakah Jailani)
create more livable cooler urban spaces around water.

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2.6 PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEM

Passive Solar design refers to the use of the sun’s energy for the heating and cooling of living spaces. In this approach, the Clubhouse itself, or some element of it,
takes advantage of natural properties of materials and air created by exposure to the sun. Solar Photovoltaic (PV) cells generate electricity by absorbing sunlight and using
that light energy to create an electrical current. There are many PV cells within a single solar panel, and the current created by all of the cells together adds up to enough
electricity to help power the Clubhouse building. Ideally, for optimal performance, the Clubhouse building oriented, so the longest dimension faces north and south. This
puts the greatest amount of exterior surface in the path of the sun. After the solar radiation passes through the glazing, it capture with a thermal storage medium and use
this energy within the facility. To prevent all that sunshine from overheating the interior, shading devices were added and landscape features like plants and building
features like curtain walls, overhangs, awnings and horizontal shades.

(Figure 2.6: Perspective of the Clubhouse showing the proposed Solar panel on the roof
Source: Mubarakah Jailani)

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2.7 OVERHANG

Proper window shading will allow optimal solar heat gain during daytime, while limiting unwanted solar heat gain during the maximum daylight. The correctly
sized of roof overhang design will completely shade the window at solar noon when the sun is at it's highest. Figure 2.7 illustrates, the basic concept of overhang that is
positioned to totally allow indirect light in the entire window while completely shading the entire window from direct sunlight. These are placed horizontally in front of the
window. The shape, type, depth and height all considering of the sun directions. The window overhang was designed in both horizontal and vertical surface that juts out
over a window to shade it from the sun. This is desirable in order to reduce glare or solar heat gain.

(Figure 2.7: Perspective of the Clubhouse showing the overhang

Source: Mubarakah Jailani)

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2.8 ALFRESCO DINING

The café located at the ground floor providing snack and coffee bar is extended to alfresco dining to take advantage of the outdoor scenery which is the lake
promenade of Taiping Lake Garden. Plants are included as the landscape to improve air quality and scenery. By having the alfresco dining as a sustainable outside
dining giving a chance to get outdoors, reconnect with the natural world and share some delicious food with friends and family. Whether you’re off to a festival, sailing
the Atlantic, gathering friends and family in your garden or gearing up for an earth conscious adventure, eating and drinking outdoors is always good for the soul.

(Figure 2.8: Perspective of the Alfresco Dining of the Clubhouse fronting the lake promenade
Source: Mubarakah Jailani)

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 8.0 CONCLUSION

Protecting the environment and prioritizing the thermal comfort of occupants should be the main considerations in designing a
building and in general, a space. Thorough attention and study in innovative design that have regards to fix global warming and also reducing
Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect caused by installing unsuitable materials and insufficient urban vegetation or landscape. Therefore, Taiping
Lake Clubhouse is designed to be inclusive with respect to the mother nature, the energy building performance and the comfortability of the
occupants whether they are indoor or outdoor. The building strategies mentioned in the previous chapter will ensure the overall efficiency of
the building with its public spaces which is the landscape plaza and the lake promenade.

Planning and designing for sustainable future should consider measures on current needs and changes in technology in order to accomplish
the sustainable landscape principles. It is hoped that practitioners' designers especially the architects, urban designers as well as landscape
architects to apply sustainable landscape design approach to provide an environmentally-responsive residence. In conclusion, this report
explores the sustainable landscape design approaches and principles in designing Clubhouse to become more conducive and livable. The
incorporation of sustainable landscape design approach in Clubhouse development will not only provide the conducive and livable living
environment, but also contributes to improve the aesthetical and property value. In addition, the incorporation of sustainable landscape design
principles were also contributed to protect biodiversity and ecological elements. This will help to prevent flood, drought reduction, wind and
temperature control, and promote outdoor thermal comfort to the residential community. Hence, this provides the residential community with
the social contact, sense of place and favorable living environment.

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8.0 REFERRENCE

Sailor, D.J., T.B. Elley, and M. Gibson. 2011. “Exploring the building energy impacts of green roof design decisions – A modeling study of buildings in four distinct
climatesEXITEXIT EPA WEBSITE,” Journal of Building Physics 35(4):372–391.

Sproul, J., M.P. Wan, B.H. Mandel, and A.H. Rosenfeld. 2014. “Economic comparison of white, green, and black flat roofs in the United StatesEXITEXIT EPA
WEBSITE.” Energy and Buildings 71:20–27.

A., Grosa,b, E., Bozonneta, C., Inarda, 2014 Cool materials impact at district scale—Coupling building energy and microclimate models.

Broadbent, A.M., Coutts, A.M., Tapper, N.J., Demuzere, M., Beringer, J., 2017. The microscale cooling effects of water sensitive urban design and irrigation in asuburban
environment. Theor. Appl. Climatol (1) (PDF) Are urban water bodies really cooling?

Santamouris, M. 2014. “Cooling the cities – A review of reflective and green roof mitigation technologies to fight heat island and improve comfort in urban environments,” Solar
Energy 103:682–703.

Green Roofs for Healthy Cities. 2017. “2016 Annual Green Roof Industry Survey: Executive Summary.”

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