SHORT-CIRCUIT CALCULATION

INTRODUCTION
Designing an electrical system is easy and simple,
if only the normal operation of the network is
taken into consideration. However, abnormal
conditions which are likely to occur anytime must
be foreseen and should be taken seriously during
the design stage. A good design must not only be
made simple, but most importantly, safe and
reliable. An Electrical system must operate
continuously during normal and healthy overload
situations; its protective device must also trip
expeditiously to isolate the affected parts of the
system during fault conditions.
Short-Circuit Calculation

Why Fault Occur?

Fault in power system occur because of insulation failure in plant
which may be caused by a system over-voltage such as switching
surge or a lightning stroke, or maybe due to broken insulators or
conductors and various causes in the system.

The following table shows approximate percentage wise the

various causes of faults:
(i) Lightning 6%
(ii) Sleet, wind, Mechanical (jumping conductors) 10%
(iii) Apparatus failure 10%
(iv) Switching to a fault 10%
(v) Miscellaneous (tree falling on lines, sabotage) 10%