Mini Project Report

On
UNIVERSAL MILLING MACHINE FOR LATHE

Under guidance of
Prof. Shalini Keshri

Submitted By
SATENDRA SINGH, Roll No.(19549)
B.Tech In Mechanical Engineering (3rd Year)
Kamla Nehru Institute Of Technology ,Sultanpur
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
My training big or small is successful largely due to the effort of a number of wonderful people who
have always given their valuable advice or lent a helping hand. I sincerely appreciate the inspiration;
support and guidance of all those people who have been instrumental in making this training success.
I want to thank The Almighty God, in words for his blessing who gave me the opportunity and
strength to carry out this work. I also take this opportunity to express a deep sense of gratitude to
Prof. S. P. Kutar, Prof. Shalini keshri and all faculty members of this institute for their cordial
support, valuable information and guidance, which helped me in completing this task through
various stages. I will be failing in duty if I don’t acknowledge with grateful thanks to the authors of
the references and other literatures referred to in this training.

SATENDRA SINGH
B.TECH – 3rd YEAR
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
ROLL NO-19549
 UNIVERSAL MILLING MACHINE FOR LATHE

SYNOPSIS

Universal Milling Machine for lathe is attachable to an existing lathe so as to eliminate the
need for an operator owning both a milling machine and a lathe. It is designed to be mounted to the
tool post of the lathe machine and to be used without disturbing a setup in the associated vise.

The attachment is also designed to be mounted to the front of a lathe and allows the
programming of the very point of single point tool contact so as to follow whatever contour or steps
are desired. This type of cutting is not possible on a lathe with guaranteed accuracy, while on a
milling a hacked lathe machine it is quite feasible.
 INTRODUCTION

A new and improved milling machine attachment which facilitates the use of said milling
machine lathe as a, said attachment including:
-mounting means for facilitating an attachment to said milling machine.
 NEED FOR ATTACHMENT

In recent years, new fabrication techniques have been developed to satisfy the technological
demands. Moreover, emphasis is trussed on attachments. Attachments are used in various fields and
machines depending upon the needs to be fulfilled and mode of operation.

An attachment eliminates the purchasing of a new unit which serves the same purpose. For
example, a lathe occupies a place opposite to that of a milling machine, the ten machines mainly
used to produce cylindrical and plain surfaces resp ectively. By implementing an attachment to a unit,
the capacity of the unit can be increased which is very economical.
 Uses of Lathe Machines

The lathe is a machine tool used principally for shaping articles of metal, wood, or other material.
All lathes, except the vertical turret type, have one thing in common for all usual machining
operations; the work piece is held and rotated around a horizontal axis while being formed to size
and shape by a cutting tool. The cutter bit is held either by hand or by a mechanical holder, and then
applied to the work piece. Principal capabilities of the lathe are forming straight, tapered, or
irregularly out lined cylinders, facing or radial turning cylindrical sections, cutting screw threads,
and boring or enlarging internal diameters. The typical lathe provides a variety of rotating speeds
and suitable manual and automatic controls for moving the cutting tool.
 General Purpose Lathe Machines

General purpose lathe machine are also called engine lathe machine and is the usual lathe found in
the machine shop. The engine lathe may be bench or floor mounted; it may be referred to as a tool
room-type lathe, or a sliding-gap or extension-type lathe. Generally, the size of general purpose lathe
machine is determined by the following measurements The diameter of the work piece will swing
over the bed. It will swing over the cross-slide. The length of the bed. The maximum distance
between centers.

Turret Lathe Machine

The turret lathe is a lathe used extensively for the high speed production of duplicate parts. The
turret lathe is so named because it has a hexagonal turret, or multiple tool holder, in place of the tail
stock found on the engine lathe. Most turret lathes are equipped with a pump and basin for the
automatic application of a coolant or cutting oil to the work piece
 CNC Lathe Machine

Computer numerical controlled (CNC) lathes are also called CNC turning machines. These are
rapidly replacing the older production lathes due to their ease of setting, operation, repeatability and
accuracy. They are designed to use modern carbide tooling and fully use modern processe
 Uses of Milling Machines

Milling is a cutting process that uses a milling cutter to remove material from the surface of a work
piece. The milling cutter is a rotary cutting tool, often with multiple cutting points. As opposed
to drilling, where the tool is advanced along its rotation axis, the cutter in milling is usually moved
perpendicular to its axis so that cutting occurs on the circumference of the cutter. As the milling
cutter enters the work piece, the cutting edges (flutes or teeth) of the tool repeatedly cut into and exit
from the material, shaving off chips (swarf) from the work piece with each pass. The cutting action
is shear deformation; material is pushed off the work piece in tiny clumps that hang together to a
greater or lesser extent (depending on the material) to form chips. This makes metal cutting
somewhat different (in its mechanics) from slicing softer materials with a blade.
The milling process removes material by performing many separate, small cuts. This is
accomplished by using a cutter with many teeth, spinning the cutter at high speed, or advancing the
material through the cutter slowly; most often it is some combination of these three
approaches. The speeds and feeds used are varied to suit a combination of variables. The speed at
which the piece advances through the cutter is called feed rate, or just feed; it is most often
measured as distance per time (inches per minute [in/min or ipm] or millimeters per minute
[mm/min]), although distance per revolution or per cutter tooth are also sometimes used.
There are two major classes of milling process:
 In face milling, the cutting action occurs primarily at the end corners of the milling cutter.
Face milling is used to cut flat surfaces (faces) into the work piece, or to cut flat-bottomed
cavities.
 In peripheral milling, the cutting action occurs primarily along the circumference of the
cutter, so that the cross section of the milled surface ends up receiving the shape of the cutter. In
this case the blades of the cutter can be seen as scooping out material from the work piece.
Peripheral milling is well suited to the cutting of deep slots, threads, and gear teeth.

Types of Milling Cutters

In vertical mills, milling cutters with solid shafts are usually used. Milling cutters with keyed holes
are predominantly for use in horizontal mills. End mills are designed for cutting slots, keyways and
pockets. Two fluted end mills can be used to plunge into work like a drill. End mills with more than
two flutes should not be plunged into the work. Ball end mills can produce a fillet. Formed milling
cutters can be used to produce a variety of features including round edges.
 Removing and Installing Milling Cutters

End mills can be held by the spindle in several ways; a few of the ways are shown in the figure
below. On most machines, a draw bar is used to pull a spring collet into a taper in the spind le .

Spring Collet

To remove a tool, move the quill to the highest position and lock it in place. Then, engage the brake
while loosening the draw bar with a wrench. Ensure that the draw bar's threads are still engaged in
the collet. Tap on the end of the draw bar to release the collet from the spindle. If the threads of the
draw bar are not engaged, the milling cutter will fall, and could be damaged. Finally, unscrew the
 drawbar from the collet. To install a tool, place the desired milling cutter in a collet that fits the
shank of the cutter. Insert the collet into the spindle.

Ensure that the key way on the collet mates properly with the key in the spindle. While holding the
tool with one hand, start the threads of the draw bar into the collet by hand. Use a wrench to tighten
the drawbar down with one hand while holding the brake.

Climb vs. Conventional Milling

When milling, one should be aware of the difference between conventional, and climb milling. In
conventional milling, the workpiece is fed into the rotation of the cutter. This type of cut requires
lower forces and is preferred for roughing cuts. In climb milling, the work moves with the rotation of
the cutter. This produces a better finish. It is not recommended if the workpiece cannot be held
securely or cannot support high forces.
 WORKING PRINCIPLE

The sliding bed is rotated with the help of a screw rod. In that sliding bed the vice is fixed. The
vice is used to hold the work piece. The milling cutter is fixed to the lathe chuck. The exciting tool
post is replaced so that to fix the attachment here by suitable arrangement. By changing the milling
cutter, the required shape is obtained in the work piece.

Holding Work pieces in the Vise

AS previously mentioned, five types of vises are manufactured in various sizes for holding
milling machine workplaces. These vises have locating keys or tongues on the underside of their
bases so they may be located correctly in relation to the T-slots on the milling machine table.
 The plain vise similar to the machine table vise is fastened to the milling machine table.
Alignment with the milling machine table is provided by two slots at right angles to each other on
the underside of the vise. These slots are fitted with removable keys that align the vise with the table
T-slots either parallel to the machine arbor or perpendicular to the arbor.

The swivel vise can be rotated and contains a scale graduated in degrees at its base which is
fastened to the milling machine table and located by means of keys placed in the T-slots. By
loosening the bolts which clamp the vise to its graduated base, the vise may be moved to hold the
work piece at any angle in a horizontal plane. To set a swivel vise accurately with the machine
spindle, a test indicator should be clamped to the machine arbor and a check made to determine the
setting by moving either the transverse or the longitudinal feeds, depending upon the position of the
vise jaws.

Any deviation as shown by the test indicator should be corrected by swiveling the vise on its
base. The universal vise is used for work involving compound angles, either horizontally or
vertically. The base of the vise contains a scale graduated in degrees and can rotate 360° in the
horizontal plane and 90° in the vertical plane. Due to the flexibility of this vise, it is not adaptable for
heavy milling.

ADVANTAGES:

The unit is compact in size.

Less maintenance is essential
The unit gives long life with proper alignment of gears.
Jobs can be easily handled in this unit.

APPLICATIONS:

Desired milling cutting can be easily turned.