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Quality Levels for Welding are defined

in:

Evaluation and Acceptance of ISO 5817 and ISO 10042

Digital Image Data
Lecture 13 - Basis for Manufacturer and User
Contracts

- Harmonized with European Pressurized

Equipment Directive!
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Digital Radiology
Evaluation Level IIData
of Digital Image Evaluation of Digital Image Data

Quality Levels by ISO EN 5817 Evaluation According to Rules and Standards – ISO 5817
Weld Discontinuities
Title: “Welding — Fusion-welded joints in steel, nickel,
titanium and their alloys (beam welding excluded) — In accordance to ISO 5817, there is a choice of three
Quality levels for imperfections” evaluation groups in dependence of the strain:
• The standard is considered as harmonized with the European Pressurized
Equipment Directive (PED) and EN 13445
Evaluation group D for low strain

Quality Levels by ISO EN 10042 Evaluation group C

for medium strain and
pressurised equipment

Title: “Welding — Arc-welded joints in aluminum and for high strain and
its alloys — Quality levels for imperfections” Evaluation group B pressurised equipment for dynamic
load
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All Relevant Surface Breaking Defects in ISO 5817 for

Evaluation According to Rules and Standards – ISO 5817 Wall Thickness t > 3mm per 100 mm
Level B C D
Crack no no no

Lack of fusion no no Not open

The external characteristics of a weld should be inspected by Undercut (top layer) h < 0,5 mm and h < 0,5 mm and h < 1 mm and
h < 0,05 t h < 0,1 t h < 0,2 t
means of a visual testing with the aid of a measuring gage,
Shrinkage groove (root) h < 0,5 mm and h < 1 mm and h < 2 mm and
if accessible. h < 0,05 t h < 0,1 t h < 0,2 t
Lack of penetration no no h < 2 mm and < 0,2 t
l < 25 mm
Excess penetration/top h < 3/5 mm h < 4/7 mm h < 5/10 mm
… … …
Open pores no no 3 mm

Root concavity h < 0,5 mm and h < 0,05 t h < 1 mm and h < 0,1 t h < 2 mm, and h < 0,2 t
l < 25 mm l < 25 mm l < 25 mm

End crater pipe no h < 1 mm h < 2 mm

5
s,a  t s - nominal butt weld thickness (see also ISO 2553)
6
a - nominal throat thickness of the fillet weld (see also ISO 2553)

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All Relevant Subsurface Defects in ISO 5817 for

Wall Thickness t > 3mm per 100 mm How describes EN ISO 5817 ?
Level B C D Example page

Crack no no no

Lack of fusion no no h < 4 mm and < 0,4 t (a),

l < 25mm
Inclusions, pores, h < 2 mm and h < 0,2 t h < 3 mm and h < 0,3 t, h < 4 mm and h < 0,4 t
elongated cavities l < t and l < 25 mm l < t and l < 50 mm l < t and l < 75 mm

Lack of internal no no h < 2 mm and < 0,2 t

penetration (X-weld) l < 25 mm

Shrinkage cavity no no h > 4 mm and 0,4 t (s)

(Lunker)  l < 25 mm

Porosity single/multi 1/2 % 1,5/3 % 2,5/5 %

Clustered porosity 4% 8% 16 %

Linear porosity 2% 4% 8%

s,a  t s - nominal butt weld thickness (see also ISO 2553)

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a - nominal throat thickness of the fillet weld (see also ISO 2553)

Evaluation of Digital Image Data Evaluation of Digital Image Data

Materials and type of joint Thickness in mm 1)

General Rules for Weld Inspection
ISO 17635: Selection t<8 8 < t < 40 t > 40
of Methods
Ferritic butt-joints RT or (UT) RT or UT UT or (RT)
Ferritic T-joints (UT) or (RT) UT or (RT) UT or (RT)
Austenitic butt-joints RT RT or (UT) RT or (UT)
Austenitic T-joints (UT) or (RT) (UT) and/or (RT) (UT) or (RT)
Aluminium butt-joints RT RT or UT RT or UT
Aluminium T-joints (UT) or (RT) UT or (RT) UT or (RT)
Nickel-and copper-alloys RT RT or (UT) RT or (UT)
butt joints
Nickel-and copper-alloys (UT) or (RT) (UT) or (RT) (UT) or (RT)
T-joints
Titanium butt-joints RT RT or (UT)

Titanium T-joints (UT) or (RT) UT or (RT)

() indicates that the method is applicable with limitations.
1) Thickness, t, is the nominal thickness of the parent material to be welded.
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ANNEX of ISO 17625 10

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General Rules for Weld Inspection

General Rules for Weld Inspection ISO 17635

Quality levels Testing Classes Acceptance levels

ANNEX of ISO 17625 11 12

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General Rules for Weld Inspection ISO 17635 Maximally Permitted Tube Voltage: EN 13068-3
Steel Aluminum or light alloys
Wall thickness in maximally allowed Wall thickness maximum tube
mm tube voltage in kV in mm voltage in kV
1,2-2,0 90 5 45
2,0-3,5 100 10 50
3,5-5,0 110 15 55
5,0-7,0 120 25 65
7,0-10 135 35 75
10-15 160 45 85
15-25 210 55 95
25-32 265 70 110
32-40 315 85 125
40-55 390 100 140
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Capability of the Systems for Metallic Materials Capability of the System for Aluminium
Testing Class SA and SB (not for Aluminium)
Prüfklasse SA SB Prüfklasse Prüfklasse SA SB
Systemklasse SC3 SC2
Systemklasse SC2 SC1 Systemklasse
BPK Drahtsteg Doppeldraht Drahtsteg Doppeldraht
BPK Drahtsteg Doppeldraht Drahtsteg Doppeldraht BPK
Wanddicke [mm] Wanddicke [mm] Wanddicke / mm
1,2-2,0 W17 11D W19 13D -1,5 5 W12 8D W16 10D
2,0-3,5 W16 10D W18 12D 1,5-2,5 10 W11 7D W14 9D
3,5-5,0 W15 9D W17 11D 2,5-4,0 15 W10 7D W13 9D
5,0-7,0 W14 8D W16 10D 4,0-6,0 25 W9 7D W12 9D
7,0-10 W13 7D W15 9D 6,0-8,0 35 W8 7D W10 9D
10-15 W12 7D W14 9D 8,0-12 45 W7 7D W9 9D
15-25 W11 7D W13 9D 12-20 55 W6 7D W9 9D
25-32 W10 7D W12 9D 20-30 70 W5 7D W8 9D
32-40 W9 7D W11 9D 30-35 85 W5 7D W8 9D
40-55 W8 7D W10 9D 35-45 100 W5 7D W8 9D
120 W4 7D W7 9D
EN55-85
13068-3 W7 6D W9 9D 45-65
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Position of the Image Quality Indicator Documentation – Reporting

1. name of the testing facility
EN 13068-3 2. unambiguous report number
3. subject to be tested
4. material
5. manufacturing date
6. nominal thickness
7. radioscopic technology, testing and system class
8. marking systems, if applied
9. radiation source, kind and size of focal spot and instruments used
10. tube voltage and current or activity of the radiation source
11. beam direction (unless perpendicular to the object)
12. filters and collimators applied
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Documentation – Reporting Evaluation According to the Rules and Standards –

13.
ASTM E155, E 2422
integration time, focus-detector distance and geometric
magnification
14. kind and position of the image quality indicator used The E155/E2422 are a standard radiographs of the fifties that
15. information about the image quality indicator and image quality • defines 8 classes of flaws for cast aluminium and 6
value classes of flaws for cast magnesium in addition.
16. specification about the image processing applied, if applicable
• divides the classes of flaws into 8 levels wherein level 1 is
17. data format and file names of stored data the toughest (relating the flaws to the corresponding levels
18. compliance with this standard
has been accomplished by the opinions of numerous
experts by means of radiographic films).
19. deviation from the standard agreed upon
• relates to ¼” as well as to ¾ “ wherein the ¼” is taken for
20. name, certificate and signature of the personnel involved up to ½” and the ¾ “ for anything above (1 inch equals to
21. date of the testing and the reporting
25,4 mm).
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Evaluation According to the Rules and Standards – ASTM Catalogues Evaluation According to the Rules and Standards – ASTM E155, E 2422

Flaw classification according to E155/E2422

ASTM light alloy casting plate

- E155, Film reference catalogue
- E 2422 Digital reference images

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Evaluation According to the Rules and Standards

Al Shrinkage (Sponge)

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Evaluation of Digital Image Data