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F404 Math3 L04
F404 Math3 L04
ﺘﺼﻤﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺱ
a b a+b a b a−b
+ = − = /k ≠ 0
k k k k k k
a b ad + bc a b ad − bc c ≠0
+ = − = / d ≠0
c d cd c d cd
a c ac a c a d ad b ≠0
× = : = × = c ≠ 0/
b d bd b d b c bc
a a×c a a:c
= = / b ≠ 0, c ≠ 0
b b×c b b:c
• اﻟﺠﺬر اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻌﻲ ﻟﻌﺪد ﻡﻮﺝﺐ:
(a n )m = a n × m a an (a.b)n = a n × b n
( )n =
b bn
:• اﻟﺤﺴﺎب اﻟﺤﺮﻓﻲ
. أﻋﺪادk, d, c, b, a
k(a+b) = ka + kb
k(a-b) = ka - kb
(a+b) (c+d) = ac+ ad+ bc + bd
.7ﺍﻟﺯﻭﺍﻴﺎ :
ﺃ( ﺍﻟﺯﻭﺍﻴﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﺒﻤﻴﺘﻘﻴﻤﻴﻥ ﻤﺘﻭﺍﺯﻴﻴﻥ ﻴﻘﻁﻌﻬﻤﺎ ﻤﺴﺘﻘﻴﻡ .
)(d
A 2
1
)'(d 1
2 B
B
ﻤﺤﺎﻭﺭ ﺘﻪ :
A
-ﻤﺤﺎﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺜﻠﺙ ﻫﻲ ﻤﺤﺎﻭﺭ ﺃﻀﻼﻋﻪ
-ﺘﺘﻘﺎﻁﻊ ﻤﺤﺎﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺜﻠﺙ
C O ﻓﻲ ﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺌﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻴﻁﺔ ﺒﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﺜﻠﺙ
B
ﺍﻻﺭﺘﻔﺎﻋﺎﺕ :
A
-ﺍﻻﺭﺘﻔﺎﻉ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺜﻠﺙ ﻫﻭ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ
H ﻴﺸﻤل ﺭﺃﺱ ﻭ ﻴﻌﺎﻤﺩ ﺍﻟﻀﻠﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﺒل
C -ﺍﻻﺭﺘﻔﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺘﺘﻘﺎﻁﻊ ﻓﻲ ﻨﻘﻁﺔ ﻭﺍﺤﺩﺓ.
B
ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁﺎﺕ :
A
ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺜﻠﺙ ﻫﻭ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻴﺸﻤل ﺭﺃﺱ
B
G
ﻭﻤﻨﺘﺼﻑ ﺍﻟﻀﻠﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﺒل ﻟﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺭﺃﺱ.
C
C
ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻭﺴﻁﺎﺕ ﺘﺘﻘﺎﻁﻊ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺭﻜﺯﺍﻟﺜﻘل ﺍﻟﻤﺜﻠﺙ.
A
B
• ﺍﻟﻤﺜﻠﺜﺎﺕ:
B M
C B N
C
ABCDﺭﺒﺎﻋﻲ
A B -ﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻥ ) (DC ) // ( ABﻭ ) (BC ) // ( AD
O ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻟﺭﺒﺎﻋﻲ ABCDﻤﺘﻭﺍﺯﻱ ﺃﻀﻼﻉ
-ﺇﺫﺍ ﺘﻘﺎﻁﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﻁﺭﺍﻥ ][AB
D C
ﻤﻨﺘﺼﻔﻬﻤﺎ
ﻣﺘﻘﺎﻃﻊ→ ] [BDﻓﻲ
رﺑﺎﻋﻲ ﻏﻴﺮ← /ﻭ ABCD
B 'M
A M
ﺑـ -ﺥﻮاص اﻻﻧﺴﺤﺎب :
-اﻻﻧﺴﺤﺎب یﺤﻔﻆ اﻷﻃﻮال ،اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﺎت ،اﻟﺰوایﺎ و اﺱﺘﻘﺎﻣﻴﺔ اﻟﻨﻘﻂ
-ﺑﺎﻧﺴﺤﺎب ﺻﻮرة ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ هﻲ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ یﻮازیﻪ .
-ﺑﺎﻧﺴﺤﺎب ﺻﻮرة ﻗﻄﻌﺔ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ هﻲ ﻗﻄﻌﺔ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺗﻘﺎیﺴﻬﺎ وﺗﻮازیﻪ
-ﺑﺎﻧﺴﺤﺎب ﺻﻮرة داﺋﺮة هﻲ داﺋﺮة ﻟﻬﺎ ﻧﻔﺲ اﻟﻘﻄﺮ.
B M
د -اﻟﻤﻨﺼﻒ واﻟﺸﻌﺎع :
-إذا آﺎﻧﺖ Iﻣﻨﺘﺼﻒ اﻟﻘﻄﻌﺔ ] [ABﻓﺈن AI = IB
-إذا آﺎﻧﺖ AI = IB
ﻓﺎن Iﻣﻨﺘﺼﻒ اﻟﻘﻄﻌﺔ ][AB
B
I
A
• اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﻢ :
b
S = L×l
b
d
h
=S
(d + b ) × h =S
d ×DD
2 2
• اﻟﺤﺠﻮم Vواﻟﻤﺴﺎﺡﺎت : A
l C
L
Bﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ ﻗﺎﻋﺪﺗﻪ
و Pﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﻗﺎﻋﺪﺗﻪ C
h
V = B×h
ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ اﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪة B h ﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﺔ اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻴﺔ A
1 A = p×h
= V B×h
B3
R