Date

Expt. No. .
Page No.

koetment-1
Atm
To hnd h e ocal lenah e a coe Miox.tuAina a
Concave Lon

Appanahu and Matexials mequived

Ao opcal bench tsih upida oy hddina lona taiOY and
ho acedeaa hla canen leas,a sonven miovameer
Acali and aApiit leuel

incdole:
The foca lenalh e a comve mlov can be dskeamned
D inteducing a Covex leas bhs ho hieck and hhe.
onven Mioy An imaq Can be obtained i h he help
aConuen leas d e buy aide h he doieck shea
mioy yeleckS he au alana he bample pah
ie, Lshen he_xauA kall nonmalluy oa Yne mito. Then,he
Yadiusor Cunvah.ieRohe aiwo is h distane bha
h e Acreeo and miY
The Cocal Laaan et he coouen Mo iCalcalaed
n a he omnula R12.

ocedun
OLo caeit he ocal Lengn o he ouen hin costacceaah.
kaoa hea appYD uaue or i hcal
lea s nor
shauldbe eshmak.d auk

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Expt. No.
Page No.

PLace he ophcal bench on a iaid tahle n

oo a platham Uina he apiit leue, make it hodiontal
h ha help_ek euelina Cre poui ded aB he bae
abench.
Place he upiona mouned ulh_pin PCoauen lead Land
ConvemairoN M a he hodsatal ophcal bench.
Check hak h lennain and pin Peete land t
onueA e s M ane venicall placed ao he sphcal beach
Alas eu mak he p he pin ophcal ceahe O o he
CoRe leas pala e he conuembor M tie sn.
he Aome haite hoiooral At. ine panellel o ophcad bench.

Place Yhe_eoavm or oM_h cooveM lem a a distance

SghluLen han he oca lenah ot he les

Adut he_p.ohon e e Ltghk

objeck nee.dle l ill he
h Ltght
a y A vellenk d back om hemiroPam
hough he lens
oM a ea qiovenkd ima9e Coincidina uih he
Stankna hon
object pin R h's octuAA hea he vauleaa_AkäKe he
haughhe
he hp s pin fi alkn panina
MioY 0omallu a n e veleckd back
alona heir odginal pah.

hepanalloM b h ah ima obj_pina

ORemoave

he dstan ce bhs Yhe obj pin less Auo

Meaune

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Page No.
Expt. No.

he dshance bh lens s minoYs elord

obsenvahosin heobsenvahoa koble
Kadius e

S.N
Dictbho lens
Oo1 needle
(C
Oist bho lens

-
MiwoN
Dist bha miwoy
needc t Cuwahue CocaRn
engmR
Cm) Kemove hocoave miroy om ik_upioht G ix image
lo 20 to
pin oa itAdjust ho helhl e pin uch lhat
he he e il 1ies ea ha HfAanis he lanss
2 Thal is he hps he pins p s la h e aphcel ceae
Mcan o e he eonvem leas all lie od aAk. hoinpotol n e
S paneilel o he Lenqlh he ophcal bench.

ing he mehod panallan ikut cheagiq he

paihoa_o leasls objech pin adjust Me pesuhaa ck
image plo heolhu de al he leas Ao hal t
coincides i h he eal iavenkd imaqe ok he abjeck
pia omed by eoave ens Nok he posihan ot imagt
pin

Kepeat he eupenimen t by chaaqina he _depencaon bhs

Miro e lens n mis_masaLntakeS bek_ok pbSeAuahons

Obseuphona
Rouah ocal ngh o conueu Lens -

Resulki-
Cocal lengh e Yhe conuen mtox = C

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Expt. No.

PyecauMoni
heupmank upp.oxhna he piu laaA and MiNOY Must he
aidoAd MOunkd NeuR¢allu
heapeioA et_he aven ConveMLeas aad con tn Miwoy
Ahould be malloMuae ho image komed aill be
diskded
Ahould
om
epal &ie An ould be ploed ek about 2ScM di Moe

Opkcal bench hauld be hoontal The hps

e piha cohe
donueMlers pole e he miwov hould
be a t he
Aame honnontal level

qust
Che hp e metnvenlkd imaae e he ooiect_pio houdd
oexlaphis
ouch he ho er he imaqe pkca oad s t not
Ahauld be eadued wbile Yhe paallow.
Yesnaona eue dekeCA Ma make vemaal
o poallow ledious.
Ohste
prekenaloly be ont-(nak d
h e cAMeA Mior hould
Mulhpe reklechonA 00 toNe plate

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Expt. No.

kMpoimenk-1u

M
Leaq h ek
lo adu he elo kon behseen hequeney_an d
o q e 0 ÄM AddLn Condtank Rton ung onomet

Appauahuas
dek eiank huning oxta , Ra hangen
A onone kk a idi Mee
Aesea o KaAlatkd weiahh mubben podipapen

Theon
eibrake d n esonance h c hning
I Ahretched
alao hasAame equenuy
ox e heauenc v men VheAhing o Deaaiky p
Dmakital
heshdna has a lenah dtamehe
velah'on bek»een bequeny-
ond enaib.a T, hen o hudy he
koAE e aatoa tang-
aiven sire un den_cod
MonSMee -1
b e k a e e n e queo c and leaglh er a_
h e velohoa
o ah d onoMelre- 2.
aavea She_ unde Com bant kauiad ung

oe dune hekabl_a hosA

coPlate he on oM elen_sa
bj oi lla
arl he pulleu and Make it bickionlem
haAagn
ut itoble ManMu tweigat ia_he
acooden bmdats P aukLAand ko incdude mai Mum
MoVe
Leaan ek sre (AG)behaeen ham

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Einpt. o .

o.e uin.a ik Least eaenL ob

h et.ife i pona i n _ o ubbn pod b ual2.
ibroe Bsia ha uning ok .2an up qe
Plu hL i ABom ne iddl leoMe i to v
Usen toundpodutd by uning oxk ond Da
uda shich ha i teau 2ao

iS lenqh by ouina h bidoys inusah d heck n

eajLeaoie
a9ain
decveainahe
decyeois lenam AL reaju entae ibrokna
Laie bero.ma eaal b_h e ojuen e h tunin
b in ik
L Rukan hwenkd N hopea dLnR o0 Yhz sire
Middle ibxare e haina oak oad ouch_neosei radd
e handlo- h onomeken baasnd.he e At sibrakA
due o Yesonont _ pope n iden rallA.
helenan e he ire bebaeen he edse b hs
ale
ena h dCreasinaa down
koo bxdau_aad Yecord i k i n
1 na clesen _and hea adiuit h l2ah
he hao bidoe
RHeoy
bu iacve ina
by iWe ku idez rals.
e one i n ord
me eMainina Hue hunina oxks one
ake
S b.
i n r aueny dndepeak ps
Reccad yoLun obeIvako o ven

Obsevaion
-K -
Corstaa kaioa n he i e s 1 e

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Page No.
Expt.No.,

Ac ihl-
Aim
To aermblo e componeak o a oiven elechical cixcuik
Appauahes Requied
A valkmetn and aa ammeken_e oppopr.ale nanatc bak
c meostat ane sau K
Makeuial
Ao uaknon reistance ea eistane cail ConaecHng tsirosA
a piece ek and eapen
Pxnceduw
iConneck meComponeas in Aeties sih each ofhon oA
Ahosa in dtaaoM
Conaect _Cmme.kx in enies volkmeke n poarellel siM
Yno veaistanco o omeakune T AN
ii Conaeck he usttch in benies Laih he batkeu

is_used oY Meaunina uakaosa resistance

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Expt.
No. Page No.

Acth-2
iodt LED
Aim
To deohh adiode a ED ,a btanaihi jaa TCa eaisor and
a Copacio oM mied Lollechon o uch ikm
aiskov
Appanahus Requiedi
Maed callechon el diode,EDhanaikx Ae eaisox,
Lapaci k mulkmehen ekc

CapoclsSN incdle
0Ldenhcahon based upon oUmbex ef kxminalk
, OiodoLED vesiskor aad capadox haveh » oleiminal
haa 8en move exminal minimuM S)
u Taaig o has kxminalsA

Tdenhhcahso based upaa Reaiskanct

esibx ha costant veaiskance hence rosstaat cwnent
Ka shen coanecked o DC
Copacilon inHally honss hyn Caeot tshich eceae o eno

Diode: La kLond bais dbde hos unidiechion.al los o

Cuneat lk Ahos no conduchioa when connecked n veuenae beds

Pocedun
Connec he mulhme keis black pobe o cammeaoad red
pobe ko Plave) cad e ho componenk

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ExptNo.
Page No.

C houscanstank
conatank_delechonshea ed phobe is
ecked o le but Ah.aus no delechon shea lack pobe
ConnecHd o (P)_o heCompaneat is diode
C Ahow contaak delecisa hea he componeak is

h a diede_enik ltohk hen t is LeO.

iv h e mulhrne e Ahau hull bcale deCle choa iniHally Aoon
he deechon belome a hen CoMponenk s capacih

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Expt. No.. Page No.

Achih9-

To obsenve he evachon ondlakenal dauiahon e o beam

o Likpalnghnuan a qlas alah
Appanahur Reauisedi
AAaeek e hie pape ala alah draing piadmekn
Acale +pencil ekc

Padplz
sheaa vaqo liant ig înci deak oa oae ade er poxollel
unkace
edoe qam Alab ik_ecmeraes oM he ohun paxellel
displacement
i nAame decHaa utkina aame lakeal dispenioa
is direcy _pmpoMonal o hickns ot qlom dab
N

Poce dune
dkauinq he nonnal
O on a uhie papen brace _he qlam Alab

DNous put 9 pina at aad M ak S-tocm apank

O Ruk he lab ak 0R o place pias_ak _he paaiian
oimaag opina and manK ik as Lå
ac goin BC
noma at C and measune i e e Nos veleak ha
9Dras
enpesiment by placing he alab breadhusise.

Coacluseas- incidant yau

O\he emAnQpoak vayis panelel ka he im
The lolesal splaceme.at orenenaank xay inceae
incvease ia hlckoem el he Alab
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 Date.

Expt.No. Page No.

is
h e vaho e dl2 Corstanthu laberal displaceMeat
Avecy hapoaol b he hictnem e he aab.

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Acuh-u

a hudy he noune andn o icnaqe esaned atwtn

lens on a btten Dy-usina a candle nd a dleea lor di heneak
dAstanc el ceade honn he ensllton)_

Apeaxahus Requiedi
Conuemleascandle opHcal bendsCandboad Acreen hree
neken_Acall.

sanciole
2F fox o leaa he oxmla Connechaa object dskana ( u -

and he mognikcahoa poduced i Mz -y

o is costanak ond henekove Yke imas

he aiven lonse
distanc (aad magaidcahoa sepeasa upon
he ohjeck lu)
i or image komed by-
la he allsusinq odn ndhune aad
a Coven lan k dneakpehod aie oàea

s d imase
2F SNO Rasihon e oejerh Rohoo ot ioaop Nahunt or ima Mashly siemaithed
Laiadh fLoua) Real &inwened
Leoeen 2Faf Real iavened Sinan yhed
LeyaadF
AF2 R e a invenbed Socall in
Geyond 2f Realsimenked Magniked
Real eutned M.agntuy maqnuhed
A F_ Cslaagd
o0Agme sinP vithal enkck:
Reweeo ke OC
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Expt. No. Page No. .

AcHhS
F Aim
Ta oban Lona cobinak.on h hL peched hoclegh
o h D e e s wom he guenbek o lenses.

Appanaus
LOo.aden lesa hol dunaen lAA halt Meken btde
oXMla
havesha eheckue ocal lenshh

2 z PtP2 Sunik M

Procedune i
h e oug er eadh_o he aiuen is diknnmined by-placing
he lanA a h lens holdun qracing a diskaak obj

2Theoush el he cOmbinahod ev ksae kakin 2ak ahkse-

Aukaminad above

eadibqr_oae obulale d h e elethue etechue

he
heCambinahon eeanes ase venwed oy
_Calculaho

ReultL veiked
The a a d P s h Combinahoa elensea is

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Expl. No..
Page No.

Procauions-
oanaes must be ee oM atbeaion

Cue must b e placed al lecak 2Scm om he bcven

tio
ohtcn is moe nan he Leask_JAstonc d h n c h
Seuos Wwox
Tual O hs l2oaes MA o t be kokan
expoiMant

Dlenaes MAL N o k hOve bome CpenhnL

20

o 6 C. 9 2

Tual Pi(D P, (o) Pass PaiPc

-3 5-61 -

y.13 -6 qa3

3 5-0

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