RESTORATION OF

BUILDINGS

DR/ MOHAMED KAMAL

NAME/ Fares Ashraf Ellaban

ID/ 1181185

1
 RESTORATION

Introduction :
Restoration of a building adds jobs to the economy. Just some of
the professionals needed will be architects, skilled construction,
real estate, banking, and perhaps even a historian. Purchasing
the necessary restoration materials locally (if possible), adds
even more dollars to the local economy. Other economic growth
factors reach as far as grocers and restaurants; someone has to
feed the restoration.

1
ABSTRACT :
Each restoration and conservation of a historic building
must be subordinated to the general idea of preserving the
architectural monument and its inherent unique features,
which may relate to construction, construction techniques
or external appearance and historical significance. The joint
task of architects, historians and practitioners is to
determine to what extent each element is preserved and to
what extent it is recreated. Is it necessary to preserve,
preventing destruction, or make anew using restoration
techniques and materials of the past, or perhaps to replace
them with modern products?
The restoration of historic buildings involves a selection of
proven conservation and restoration techniques:

CLEANING:
As a rule, they make the destruction of the material faster,
even if it is not visible from the outside at first. So there is
a need for cleaning:
Eliminate risk factors such as the salt build-up and slow
drying
Preparation of the base for subsequent conservation work,
restoration of capillary absorbency
Removal of contaminations that ruins the appearance.

DESALINATION:
The process of removing salts from the surface of a
structure, which helps to wash out salts from the body of
the structure in the treated areas. Binding of salts in the
body of the structure and thus preventing further salt
formation on the surface.

2
STONE STRENTHENING :
Weathering of a mineral building material is always
accompanied by a weakening of its structure. This
weakening is caused by the expansion of the
original pore space, and sometimes by the loss of
the original binder. The main task of strengthening
is the targeted filling of new pore spaces formed as
a result of weathering. This is done by introducing
an additional binder identical to the natural one. In
addition, clay minerals are neutralized to reduce
their expansion.

Cleaning and filling joints:

Joints perform various functions in a building structure,
to meet the requirements, they must have a wide
variety of properties. This applies not only to visual but
also to physical, mechanical and especially moisture-
technical parameters. The impeccable condition of the
joints is the guarantee of the resistance of the facade
to precipitation. If moisture gets inside, it leads to an
increased load from frost and a decrease in thermal
protection – both should not be allowed. In addition,
facade materials can begin to deteriorate from
accumulated moisture.
Hydrophobization :
In addition to the main function – protection from •
moisture, hydrophobizators significantly improve
other characteristics of surfaces. Due to the
application of the compositions, the surfaces become
less prone to contamination with dust and soot, which
is especially important in a megalopolis. The use of
impregnations reduces the need for paints and
varnishes, preserves the original appearance of the
object, eliminates the destructive effect of the
external environment and reduces the risk of mould.
3
Filling cracks and consolidating masonry :
In most cases, voids and cracks inside the masonry •
reduce its load-bearing capacity. Filling such voids is
one of the necessary measures when restoring
masonry. The mortars used for filling and pressing
should be selected based primarily on the strength,
water absorption capacity and compatibility of the
binders

Antibiotic treatment :
A treatment process to kill and prevent the growth of
fungi and microorganisms on stone, concrete and
plaster surfaces.

Additional layout, restoration of the stone surface:

To restore the surface of the stone, the method of
filling the loss with compositions similar to the original
material is used. At the same time, the surface of the
stone is restored to a depth of 3-5 cm. In the case of
deeper damage, stone carving is used.

4
Plaster:
Previously, plaster was used as weather protection,
which also made it possible to hide different materials
and create a uniform appearance. Later, plasters began
to be used due to the possibility of their modification
and numerous applications. Restoration of plaster is a
process of partial replacement and replenishment of
damage with compositions similar to historical ones.
Architectural décor:
The work includes modelling, mould making and
moulding of stucco decoration elements. The
reconstruction of the plaster decor is carried out by
historical compositions according to templates taken
from the historical decor.
The restoration, conservation and adaptation of historic
buildings to modern use require a careful approach and
the right choice of methods and techniques.

5
EXAMPLE OF RESTORATION OF BUILDINGS
1. Villa Heike, Berlin
Located next to a prison, on the outskirts of Berlin, this structure •
had been abandoned since 1990. The villa was constructed in 1910
and belonged to Richard Heike, an affluent industrialist who grew
his business by selling meat and sausage making machines. Soon
after the death of Heike as a result of the Soviet invasion, the villa
was used by Stasi or the German security service, during the Cold
War.
The abandoned structure was restored and redesigned by architect •
Christoph Schubert in 2019, who transformed this space into an
office and showroom that hosts artist’s works.

6
CLEANING AND PLASTRING

7
FINISHING