You are on page 1of 44

Sekizinci Ulusal Deprem Mühendisliği Konferansı, 11 Mayıs-15 Mayıs, 2015, İstanbul

Eighth National Conference on Earthquake Engineering, 11May-15 May 2015, Istanbul, Turkey

%ø1$/$5'$<$3,6$/6$ö/,.7$.ø%øødø1(1675h0$17$6<21
<g17(0/(5ø
0(7+2'2/2*<2),167580(17$7,21)256758&785$/+($/7+
021,725,1*2)%8,/',1*6

6DUS'ø1d(5 1(UHQ$<',1 2 YH+LPPHW*(1&(5 3

g=(7

%LQDODUGD\DSÕVDOVD÷OÕNWDNLELoRN\HQLELUWHNQLNGH÷LOGLU'Q\D|OoH÷LQGH\\LoLQGHHQVWUPDQWHHGLOPLú
YHL]OHQPLúSHNoRN|UQHNELQDYDUGÕU$QFDN\\EDúODUÕ\ODELUOLNWHEXNRQX\ODLOJLOLFLKD]ODUGDVHQV|UOHUGH
YH ELOJLVD\DU WHNQRORMLOHULQGH \DúDQDQ JHOLúPHOHU \DSÕVDO VD÷OÕN WDNLEL LOH LOJLOL JHUoHN GQ\D X\JXODPDODUÕQÕQ
KHP LoHUL÷LQGH KHP GH VD\ÕVÕQGD E\N ELU LOHUOHPH\H QHGHQ ROPXúWXU %X LOHUOHPH, \DSÕVDO VD÷OÕN WDNLELQL
GLQDPLN \DSÕ GDYUDQÕúÕ DUDúWÕUPDODUÕ LoLQ HQ JHUoHNoL \|QWHP KDOLQH JHWLUPLú LQúDDW PKHQGLVOL÷L
ODERUDWXYDUODUÕQÕJHUoHNGQ\D\DWDúÕPÕúWÕU%|\OHOLNOHúLGGHWOLGHSUHPOHUVRQXFXQGDNL\ÕNÕPODUDNDUúÕ|QOHPOHU
DOPD YH KDVDU DQDOL] oDOÕúPDODUÕQÕQ |QQGH \HQL XIXNODU DoPÕúWÕU %X JHOLúPHOHUH SDUDOHO RODUDN SHN oRN \HQL
FLKD] VHQV|U \D]ÕOÕP RODQDNODUÕ YH NRPELQDV\RQODUÕ EHOLUPHVL DUDúWÕUPDFÕODUÕ ELQD VDKLSOHULQL YH RWRULWHOHUL
EXQODUÕQLoLQGHQHQX\JXQ\|QWHPLVHoPHNRQXVXQGD]RUODPD\DEDúODPÕúWÕU
%X oDOÕúPDGD IDUNOÕ JQFHO HQVWUPDQWDV\RQ RODQDNODUÕ GHWD\OÕ RODUDN LQFHOHQPLúWLU 6HQV|UVD\ÕVDOODúWÕUÕFÕ
VHoLPL NDEOROXNDEORVX] o|]POHU NDEORVX] JSV VHQNURQL]DV\RQX YH YHUL DNWDUÕPÕ X]DNWDQ JHUoHN ]DPDQOÕ
L]OHPH\D]ÕOÕPRODQDNODUÕQÕQWDPDPÕEXoDOÕúPD\DGDKLOGLU6HQV|U\HUOHúLPLPRQWDMWHNQLNOHULGHLQFHOHQPLúWLU
*HUoHN]DPDQOÕYHVRQUDGDQDQDOL]\D]ÕOÕPODUÕGDoDOÕúPD\DGDKLOHGLOPLúWLU2UWDPWLWUHúLPL]RUODQPÕúWLWUHúLP
WHVW WHNQLNOHUL LOJLOL WDPDPOD\ÕFÕ HNLSPDQ YH DNWYDW|UOHU GH oDOÕúPDQÕQ LoLQGHGLU <|QWHPOHU NDUúÕODúWÕUÕOPÕú
DYDQWDMODUÕ GH]DYDQWDMODUÕ WDUWÕúÕOPÕúWÕU 8\JXODPD WUQH J|UH X\JXQ VHoLP \|QWHPOHUL JHOLúWLULOPLúWLU 6RQ
RODUDNELU VDKDoDOÕúPDVÕQÕQVRQXoODUÕSD\ODúÕOPÕúWÕU%X oDOÕúPDGDKHPPDM|UKHPGHPLQ|U KDVDUOÕYHKDVDUVÕ]
LNL ELQDQÕQLYPH|OoHUOHULOHRUWDPWLWUHúLPLDOWÕQGDKDNLPSHUL\RWNDUúÕODúWÕUPDVÕ\DSÕOPÕúWÕU

$QDKWDU.HOLPHOHU 2UWDP7LWUHúLPi, <DSÕVDO6D÷OÕN7DNLEL 24-%LW6D\ÕVDOODúWÕUFÕ'úN*UOWOøYPH|OoHU


$%675$&7

6WUXFWXUDOKHDOWKPRQLWRULQJRIEXLOGLQJVLVQRWDEUDQGQHZWHFKQLTXH7KHUHDUHPDQ\H[DPSOHVRIPRQLWRUHG
DQG LQVWUXPHQWHG EXLOGLQJV LQ WK FHQWXU\ +RZHYHU E\ WKH VWDUW RI WKH VW FHQWXU\ WKH WHFKQRORJLFDO
GHYHORSPHQWVLQWKHLQVWUXPHQWVDQGWKHFRPSXWHUWHFKQRORJLHVFDXVHGDQHYROXWLRQERWKDWWKHQXPEHUDQGWKH
VFRSHRIWKHUHDO-ZRUOGDSSOLFDWLRQV7KLVGHYHORSPHQWDOVRSDYHGWKHZD\IRUVWUXFWXUDOKHDOWKPRQLWRULQJWREH
RQH RI WKH PRVW UHDOLVWLF WHFKQLTXHV IRU VWXG\LQJ WKH G\QDPLF EXLOGLQJ EHKDYLRU PRYLQJ WKH FLYLO HQJLQHHULQJ
ODERUDWRULHV WR UHDO-ZRUOG FDUU\LQJ RXW GDPDJH GHWHFWLRQ DQDO\VLV DQG WDNLQJ SUHFDXWLRQV DQG SUHYHQWLQJ WKH
IDLOXUHVDJDLQVWVHYHUHHDUWKTXDNHV,QSDUDOOHOWRWKHVHGHYHORSPHQWVDQXPEHURILQVWUXPHQWDWLRQSRVVLELOLWLHV
DQG FRPELQDWLRQV HQWHUHG LQWR WKH SLFWXUH ZKLFK IRUFHV WKH UHVHDUFKHUV EXLOGLQJ RZQHUV DQG DXWKRULWLHV WR
FKRRVHWKHEHVWILWWLQJPHWKRGRORJ\
,Q WKLV VWXG\ GLIIHUHQW UHFHQW LQVWUXPHQWDWLRQ SRVVLELOLWLHV DUH FRYHUHG LQ GHWDLO 6HOHFWLRQ RI WKH VHQVRUV WKH
GLJLWL]HUV ZLUHOHVVFDEOHG VROXWLRQV ZLUHOHVV JSV V\QFKURQL]DWLRQ DQG GDWD WUDQVIHU UHPRWH UHDO-WLPH
PRQLWRULQJVRIWZDUHUHTXLUHPHQWVDUHDOOLQFOXGHGWRWKLVVWXG\6HQVRUORFDWLRQVDQGLQVWDOODWLRQWHFKQLTXHVDUH
DOVR GLVFXVVHG 5HDO-WLPH DQG SRVW DQDO\VLV VRIWZDUH DUH IXUWKHU LQFOXGHG LQWR GLVFXVVLRQ $PELHQW DQG IRUFHG
YLEUDWLRQ WHVWLQJ WHFKQLTXHV UHODWHG LQVWUXPHQWV DQG DFWXDWRUV DUH DOVR FRYHUHG 0HWKRGRORJLHV DUH FRPSDUHG
SURV DQG FRQV DUH HYDOXDWHG VHOHFWLRQ JXLGHV DUH GHYHORSHG DFFRUGLQJ WR WKH W\SH RI WKH DSSOLFDWLRQ )LQDOO\
UHVXOWVRIDFDVHVWXG\ DUH VKDUHGLQYROYLQJ WKHQDWXUDOIUHTXHQF\FRPSDULVRQRIWKH XQGDPDJHGDQGGDPDJHG
LGHQWLFDOEXLOGLQJVERWKZLWKPDMRUDQGPLQRUGDPDJHV

.H\ZRUGV $PELHQW9LEUDWLRQ6WUXFWXUDO+HDOWK0RQLWRULQJ24-%LW'LJLWL]HUV/RZ-1RLVH$FFHOHURPHWHU

1
øQúDDW<0KHQGLVL7HNQLN'HVWHN*UXEX%LOLPVHOgOoPH6LV/WG$QNDUDGLQFHU#WHNQLNGHVWHNFRPWU
2
0DWHPDWLNoL<D]ÕOÕPFÕ, 7HNQLN'HVWHN*UXEX%LOLPVHOgOoPH6LV/WG$QNDUDHUHQ#WHNQLNGHVWHNFRPWU
3
<D]ÕOÕP0KHQGLVL, 7HNQLN'HVWHN*UXEX%LOLPVHO gOoPH6LV/WG$QNDUDKLPPHW#WHNQLNGHVWHNFRPWU


*ø5øù

7P øQúDDW 0KHQGLVOL÷L \DSÕODUÕQÕQ EHOLUOL ELU |PU YDUGÕU 0KHQGLVOLN ELOLPL \DSÕP DúDPDVÕQGD
WDVDUÕP SDUDPHWUHOHULQH J|UH HQ X\JXQ YH HQ HNRQRPLN o|]P EXOXU YHX\JXODU <DúDQDQ ELU DúÕUÕ
\NOHPH |UQHNGHSUHPVHOSDWODPDGHULQND]ÕYE \DGDD\QÕ\NQWHNUDUOÕX\JXODQPDVÕ\RUXOPD
\DGDWDKPLQLRSHUDV\RQHO|PUQGROPDVÕJLELGXUXPODUVRQXFXQGD\DSÕ\ÕNÕODFDNWÕU
%XVRQXFDJLGHUNHQ o\ROGDQELULDUDVÕQGDVHoLP\DSPDNJHUHNLU
L \D\DSÕQÕQ|PUGROPDGDQYHQHWELUELOJLROPDNVÕ]ÕQRQGDQYD]JHoPHN\DGD\ÕNPDN
LL \D\DSÕQÕQNHQGLVHoWL÷L]DPDQGD\ÕNÕOPDVÕQÕEHNOHPHN
LLL \D GD \DSÕGDNL GH÷LúLNOLNOHUL L]OH\HUHN \ÕNÕODFD÷Õ ]DPDQÕ HQ \DNÕQ úHNLOGH WDKPLQ HWPHN
PPNQVH \ÕNÕOPDGDQ JHUHNOL RQDUÕP YH JoOHQGLUPH\L \DSDUDN GHYDPÕQÕ VD÷ODPDN YH\D GR÷UX
]DPDQODPDLOH\ÕNDUDN\HQLVLQL\DSPDN
%LULQFL\|QWHPE\NHNRQRPLNND\EDQHGHQROXU
øNLQFL\|QWHPGDKDGDE\NHNRQRPLNND\EDYHKDWWDFDQND\EÕQDQHGHQROXU
hoQF\|QWHPLVHHQHNRQRPLNo|]PUHWLUYHFDQND\EÕQÕHQJHOOHUNÕVDFD<DSÕVDO6D÷OÕN
7DNLELRODUDNLVLPOHQGLULOLU
%X oDOÕúPDQÕQ NDSVDPÕ SHN oRN IDUNOÕ LQúDDW PKHQGLVOL÷L \DSÕVÕ DUDVÕQGD |]HOOLNOH ELQDODUGD
\DSÕVDO VD÷OÕN WDNLEL LoLQ NXOODQÕODQ HQVWUPDQWDV\RQ \|QWHPOHUL FLKD]ODU VHQV|UOHU HOHNWURQLN
VLVWHPOHU\D]ÕOÕPODUYHEXQODUÕQX\JXODQPDWHNQLNOHUL]HULQHGLU
g]HOOLNOH GHSUHP ULVNLQLQ \R÷XQ ROGX÷X E|OJHOHUGH VLVPLN HQVWUPDQWDV\RQXQ |QHPL ELU NDW
GDKD DUWPDNWDGÕU dHOHEL   86*6 %LUOHúLN $PHULND -HRORMLN $UDúWÕUPDODU .XUXPX   LoLQ
KD]ÕUODGÕ÷Õ UDSRUGD VLVPLN HQVWUPDQWDV\RQXQ YH ELQDODUGD LYPH|OoHUOHU LOH \DSÕODFDN L]OHPH
oDOÕúPDODUÕQÕQ|QHPLQLVD÷OD\DFD÷Õ NDWNÕODUÕYHX\JXODQPDúHNLOOHULQLD\UÕQWÕOÕRODUDNDQODWPÕúWÕU%X
UDSRU$PHULND%LUOHúLN'HYOHWOHUL¶QGHNDPXELQDODUÕQGDVLVPLNL]OHPHQLQVÕNOÕNODX\JXODQPDVÕQDGDLU
ELU WDYVL\H GRNPDQÕ QLWHOL÷LQGHGLU  6LVPLN HQVWUPDQWDV\RQXQ \DSÕ PHNDQL÷L ODERUDWXYDU
oDOÕúPDODUÕQÕQ JHUoHN GQ\D \]H\LQL ELU ODERUDWXYDUD G|QúWUHFH÷L EHOLUWLOPLúWLU %X oDOÕúPaODU
VRQXFXQGD HOGH HGLOHFHN ELOJLOHULQ GHSUHPH \|QHOLN WDVDUÕP YH oDOÕúPDODU SUDWL÷LQGH HúVL] ELU ELOJL
ELULNLPLYHYHULWDEDQÕROXúWXUDFD÷ÕQÕYXUJXODPÕúWÕU
*HUoHN =DPDQOÕ <DSÕVDO 6D÷OÕN 7DNLEL EX NRQXGD HQ JQFHO YH HúVL] VRQXoODU UHWHQ
WHNQRORMLOHUGHQ ELULGLU %LQDODUGD \DSÕVDO VD÷OÕN WDNLEL \\¶GDQ EX \DQD NXOODQÕODQ ELU WHNQLN
ROPXúWXU $QFDN WHNQRORMLQLQ |]HOOLNOH ¶OL \ÕOODUGDQ VRQUD JHOGL÷L QRNWDGD \DSÕVDO VD÷OÕN WDNLEL
X\JXQPDOL\HWOHUOHHULúLOHELOLUKDOHJHOPLúWLUYHKÕ]OD\D\JÕQODúPD\DEDúODPÕúWÕU 6DQ)UDQFLVFRøQúDDW
<|QHWPHOL÷L   YH /RV $QJHOHV <NVHN <DSÕODU .RQVH\L¶QLQ NRQVHQVV GRNPDQÕQGD  
VLVPLN HQVWUPDQWDV\RQ YH \NVHN \DSÕODUGD LYPH|OoHUOHULQ NXOODQÕPÕ LOH LOJLOL WDQÕPODPDODU YH
\|QHUJHOHUPHYFXWWXU

'LQDPLN.LPOLNOHQGLUPH

<DSÕVDOVD÷OÕNWDNLELWHPHORODUDNELU\DSÕQÕQJ|VWHUJHQLWHOL÷LQGHNL|QHPOLSDUDPHWUHOHULQLQVUHNOL\D
GDEHOOLDUDOÕNODUODWDNLELYHDQDOL]LDQODPÕQDJHOLU%XSDUDPHWUHOHULQLoLQH oDWODNVWUDLQWLOW H÷LNOLN
JLEL ED]Õ VWDWLN GH÷LúNHQOHU GDKLOVH GH DVÕO RODUDN GLQDPLN ELU WDNLS DQDOL] YH NLPOLNOHQGLUPH
DPDoODQÕU ùDIDN   \DSÕVDO VD÷OÕN WDNLELQGH GLQDPLN DQDOL]LQ QDVÕO \DSÕODFD÷ÕQÕ YH WDNLS
HGLOHELOHFHN SDUDPHWUHOHUL YH EXQXQ WHNQLN \|QWHPOHULQL DQODWPÕúWÕU *HQHOGH \DSÕ\D \HUOHúWLULOHQ
LYPH|OoHUOHU LOH \DSÕQÕQ oRN |]HO ELU NDUDNWHULVWL÷L QLWHOL÷LQGHNL GLQDPLN GDYUDQÕúÕQÕ JHUoHN ]DPDQOÕ
o|]PHN PPNQ ROXU +DNLP SHUL\RW V|QP RUDQODUÕ PRGDO IUHNDQVODU PRG úHNLOOHUL NDWODU DUDVÕ
|WHOHPH RUDQODUÕ EX DQDOL]H GDKLOGLU <DSÕQÕQ GLQDPLN NLPOLNOHQGLUPH oDOÕúPDODUÕQGD PRGDO DQDOL]
\|QWHPOHULNXOODQÕOÕU

0RGDO$QDOL]7UOHUL (WNL-7HSNL6DGHFH7HSNL-2SHUDV\RQHO0RGDO$QDOL])

<DSÕODUÕQ JHUoHN GLQDPLN DQDOL]LQL VDKDGD GHQH\VHO \|QWHPOHUOH JHUoHNOHúWLUPHN PRGDO DQDOL]
\|QWHPOHULLOHPPNQROXU%XPRGDODQDOL]oDOÕúPDODUÕIDUNOÕúHNLOGHJHUoHNOHúWLULOHELOLU%LQDQÕQ
VWQGH WDQÕPOÕ YH NXYYHWOL WLWUHúLP \DUDWDUDN (WNL-7HSNL LoHUHQ PRGDO DQDOL] \|QWHPL EXQODUGDQ
ELULQFLVLGLU øNLQFLVL LVH J|UHFH GDKD \HQL ELU \|QWHP RODQ VDGHFH WHSNLQLQ DQDOL]L ]HULQGHQ \ROD
oÕNÕODQ RSHUDV\RQHO PRGDO DQDOL] \|QWHPLGLU 'LQDPLN NLPOLNOHQGLUPH YH \DSÕVDO VD÷OÕN WDNLEL


oDOÕúPDODUÕQÕQ HWNL-WHSNL LoHULNOL WHVWOHUGHQ JQP]GH \R÷XQ RODUDN VDGHFH WHSNL |OoPQ LoHUHQ
RSHUDV\RQHOPRGDODQDOL]\|QWHPLQHGR÷UXHYULPLÈOYDUR&XQKDYG  WDUDIÕQGDQD\UÕQWÕOÕRODUDN
LQFHOHQPLúWLU

2UWDP7LWUHúLPL7HVWOHULYH2SHUDV\RQHO0RGDO$QDOL]
.ODVLN PRGDO DQDOL] ELOLQHQ JLUGL YH |OoOHQ WHSNLOHU LOH JHUoHNOHúWLULOLU $QFDN LQúDDW PKHQGLVOL÷L
\DSÕODUÕQD GÕúDUÕGDQ ELOLQHQ ELU \NOHPH X\JXODPD\D oDOÕúPDN KHP ]RU KHP PDOL\HWOL KHP GH
ULVNOLGLU%XQHGHQOH|]HOOLNOHLQúDDWPKHQGLVOL÷L\DSÕODUÕLoLQoRNSUDWLNYHJHoHUOLELU\|QWHPRODQ
RSHUDV\RQHO PRGDO DQDOL] WHNQL÷L JHOLúPLúWLU 2SHUDV\RQHO PRGDO DQDOL]LQ WHRULVL GHWD\D YH
PDWHPDWLNVHOPRGHOLQD\UÕQWÕODUÕQDJLUPHNVL]LQDQDKDWODUÕ\ODEXE|OPGH|]HWOHQPLúWLU

ùHNLO1%H\D]*DXVV*UOWV– =DPDQ)UHNDQVNPHOHULYHKLVWRJUDPÕLOH%LUOHúLNRUWDPWLWUHúLPLVLVWHPL
NDYUDPVDOúHPDVÕ
2SHUDV\RQHOPRGDODQDOL]GHVDGHFHWHSNLOHULQ|OoPQHGD\DOÕELUPRGDODQDOL]oDOÕúPDVÕKHGHIOHQLU
%XúHNLOGHELUPRGDODQDOL]HRUWDPWLWUHúLPLDOWÕQGDPRGDODQDOL]\DGDVDGHFH-WHSNL|OoP\OHPRGDO
DQDOL] DGODUÕ GD YHULOLU %X úHNLOGH \DSÕQÕQ NHQGL RSHUDV\RQHO VLVWHPDWL÷L LoLQGH NDOÕQÕU YH ]HULQGH
HNVWUD \NOHPHOHU \DUDWPDN JHUHNPH] <DSÕ\D GÕúDUÕGDQ HWNL HGHQ YH ELOHúNHVLQGH %H\D] *DXVV
*UOWV¶QH \DNODúDQ GÕú NXYYHWOHU ROGX÷X NDEXO HGLOLU (WUDIWDNL WUDILN YH U]JDU \NOHUL NoN
WHNWRQLN VDUVÕQWÕODU EX JUXED GDKLOGLU *HQHOGH EX J|UHFH NoN NXYYHWOHULQ KHU IUHNDQVWD JDXVV
GD÷ÕOÕPÕQDEHQ]HUELUELOHúHQLoHUGL÷LYDUVD\ÕOÕU6UHNOLVÕIÕURUWDODPDOÕEH\D]JDXVVJUOWVROGX÷X
YDUVD\ÕODQNoNJHQOLNWHNLNXYYHWOHULQNDUúÕOÕ÷ÕQGD|OoOHFHNWHSNLOHUGHQELUPRGDODQDOL]oDOÕúPDVÕ
\DSPDN PPNQGU $QFDN EXQXQ LoLQ |QHPOL ELU ]RUOX÷XQ DúÕOPDVÕ JHUHNLU %X ]RUOXN ELQDQÕQ
]HULQGHROXúDQoRNNoNJHQOLNOHUGHNLWHSNLWLWUHúLPOHULQLQ YHVDOÕQÕPODUÕQ |OoHELOPHVLGLU <DSÕQÕQ
ULMLWOL÷LQHJ|UHGH÷LúPHNOHELUOLNWHELQDWU\DSÕODUGDJHQHOGHPLNUR-JVHYL\HVLQGHRODQEXWLWUHúLPOHUL
|OoS D\ÕUW HGHELOPHN LoLQ XOWUD-GúN JUOW VHYL\HVLQGH YH \NVHN KDVVDVL\HWWH LYPH|OoHUOHUH
LKWL\Do GX\XOXU %X oDOÕúPDGD \HU DODQ 6HQV|U 6HoLPL E|OPQGH EX LYPH|OoHUOHULQ VDKLS ROPDVÕ
JHUHNHQWHNQLNSDUDPHWUHOHUD\UÕQWÕOÕRODUDNDoÕNODQPÕúWÕU
*HUHNOL |OoPOHU \DSÕOGÕNWDQ VRQUD PRGDO DQDOL]LQ JHUoHNOHúWLULOPHVL DúDPDVÕQD JHOLQLU %X
DúDPD\ODLOJLOLWHSHOHULQVHoLPL SHDNSLFNLQJ JLELEDVLW\|QWHPOHULQ\DQÕQGDGDKDLOHULVHYL\H]DPDQ
\D GD IUHNDQV NPHVL WDEDQOÕ \|QWHPOHU GH |QHULOPLúWLU )UHNDQV E|OJHVLQGH a\UÕúWÕUPD )UHTXHQF\
'RPDLQ'HFRPSRVLWLRQ-)'' IUHNDQVNPHVLQGH HQ\D\JÕQRODUDNWHUFLKHGLOHQ\|QWHPOHUGHQELULGLU
%ULQFNHU YG  =DPDQ NPHVLQGH LVH 6WRFKDVWLF 6XEVSDFH ,GHQWLILFDWLRQ 66,  WHUFLK HGLOHQ
\|QWHPOHUGHQGLU 3HHWHUVYH'H5RHFN 
%X oDOÕúPDGDNL <DSÕVDO 6D÷OÕN 7DNLEL |QHUL YH \|QWHPOHULQLQ E\N E|OP GH RSHUDV\RQHO
PRGDODQDOL]WHNQLNOHULQHGD\DQPDNWDGÕU


0RGDO$QDOL]GH(WNL-7HSNL<|QWHPL
7HNQRORMLYH|OoPKDVVDVL\HWOHULKHQ]JQP]GHNLG]H\LQHHULúPHGHQ|QFHELQDWLSLQGHNL
ULMLW\DSÕODUGDQDQODPOÕYHD\ÕUGHGLOHELOLUELUVDOÕQÕPYHWLWUHúLPWHSNLVL|OoHELOPHNLoLQPXWODND\DSÕ
]HULQGH J|UHFH NXYYHWOL ELU HWNL \DUDWPD\D JHUHN GX\XOPXúWXU =RUODQPÕú WLWUHúLP WHVWOHUL DGÕ GD
YHULOHQ EX \|QWHP ELQDQÕQ EHOLUOL ELU NDWÕQD JHQHOGH HNVDQWULN NWOHOL VDUVÕFÕ LQJ HFFHQWULF PDVV
VKDNHU DGÕYHULOHQELUWLWUHúLPHWNLROXúWXUPDPDNLQHVL\HUOHúWLULOHUHNX\JXODQÕUùHNLO-2¶GHELU|UQH÷L
J|VWHULOHQEXVDUVÕFÕPDNLQHELQD]HULQGHNRQWUROHGLOHELOLUHNVHQYHIUHNDQVWDELUWLWUHúLP\DUDWÕU%X
WLWUHúLPLQNXYYHWJHQOL÷LGHPDNLQH\HHNOHQLSoÕNDUWÕODELOLU NWOHOHUDUDFÕOÕ÷Õ\ODD\DUODQÕU0DNLQHQLQ
NRQWURO KDVVDVL\HWLQLQ HOYHUGL÷L NDSVDPGD - +]¶OLN IUHNDQV DWODPDODUÕ LOH \DSÕ ]HULQGH ELU
IUHNDQV WDUDPDVÕ JHUoHNOHúWLULOLU $\QÕ DQGD Hú ]DPDQOÕ RODUDN ELQDQÕQ YHUGL÷L WLWUHúLP WHSNLOHUL
LYPH|OoHUOHU DUDFÕOÕ÷Õ\OD ND\GHGLOLU %X \|QWHP VRQXFXQGD KHP YHULOHQ HWNL KHP GH DOÕQDQ WHSNLOHU
ND\ÕWDOWÕQDDOÕQGÕ÷ÕQGDQ)UHNDQV7HSNL)RQNLV\RQX )5) ¶QDHULúPHNPPNQROXU

ùHNLO2ø7høQúDDW0KHQGLVOL÷L%|OP¶QQ \ÕOÕQGDJHUoHNOHúWLUGL÷L0HYFXW%LQDODUGD 7DPgOoHNOL


'HQH\OHUOH'HSUHP3HUIRUPDQVÕQÕQ6DSWDQPDVÕ3URMHVLQGHNXOODQÕODQ7(67%2;70-6+$.(56DUVÕFÕVÕ

*(5d(.=$0$1/,<$3,6$/6$ö/,.7$.ø%ø1ø18<*8/$10$6,

<DSÕVDO 6D÷OÕN 7DNLEL¶QL JHUoHN-]DPDQOÕ RODUDN X\JXOD\DELOPHN LoLQ JHUHNOL EDQW JHQLúOL÷LQH VDKLS
LOHWLúLP DOW\DSÕODUÕQD DQDOL]OHULQ ELU NÕVPÕQÕ YHUL DNÕúÕ LOH D\QÕ KÕ]GD JHUoHN ]DPDQOÕ \UWHELOHFHN
ELOJLVD\DU LúOHPFL JFQH EXQD X\JXQ JHOLúWLULOPLú FLKD] YH \D]ÕOÕPODUD LKWL\Do YDUGÕU *QP]
WHNQRORMLVLQLQ JHWLUGL÷L RODQDNODUOD <DSÕVDO 6D÷OÕN 7DNLEL JHUoHN-]DPDQOÕ RODUDN X\JXODQDELOLU KDOH
JHOPLúWLU
%|\OHOLNOH \DSÕ ELU GHSUHP JHoLUGL÷LQGH \D GD IDUNOÕ ELU ]D\ÕIODWÕFÕ HWNHQH PDUX] NDOGÕ÷ÕQGD
GDNLNDODUPHUWHEHVLQGHNLELUVUHGH\DSÕQÕQWDúÕ\ÕFÕVLVWHPLQGHNLGH÷LúLPOHULQJ|VWHUJHVLQLWHOL÷LQGHNL
GLQDPLNSDUDPHWUHOHUGHELUGH÷LúLP\DúDQÕS\DúDQPDGÕ÷ÕQÕIDUNHWPHNPPNQRODELOLU%XQGDQVRQUD
DUWÕN PKHQGLV YH NDUDU YHULFLOHULQ HOLQH ELQDGDNL RODVÕ JL]OL \D GD DoÕN KDVDUODUÕ o|]POHPHOHULQH
\DUD\DFDN HQ |QHPOL DUDo VXQXOPXú ROXU *HUoHN ]DPDQOÕ \DSÕVDO VD÷OÕN WDNLEL JQP]GH JHOGL÷L
QRNWDGDoRN|QHPOLELUNDUDUGHVWHNVLVWHPLJ|UHYLJ|UPHNWHGLU$QFDNNDUDUYHULFLOHULQQHWVRQXoYH
NDUDUODUD XODúDELOPHVL LoLQ X]PDQODUÕQ SRVW-DQDOL]OHUL\OH GH GHVWHNOHQPHVL YH HN LQFHOHPHOHU
JHUHNHELOPHNWHGLU <LQH GH VDKDGD RUWDP WLWUHúLPL DOWÕQGD XODúÕODQ EX YHULOHU ELQDQÕQ \DSÕVDO
IUHNDQVODUÕKDNNÕQGDVXQGX÷XELOJLOHUOHHúVL]ELUND\QDNROXúWXUXU

6HQV|U<HUOHúLPOHULYH7DNLS(GLOHQ3DUDPHWUHOHU

0RGDODQDOL]YH\DSÕVDOVD÷OÕNWDNLELoDOÕúPDVÕQÕQGR÷UX\DSÕODELOPHVLLoLQVHQV|U\HUOHúLPOHULE\N
|QHP WDúÕPDNWDGÕU 6HQV|U \HUOHúLPOHULQLQ QDVÕO \DSÕOPDVÕ JHUHNWL÷L YH QHGHQOHUL dHOHEL  ¶QLQ
86*6 %LUOHúLN $PHULND -HRORMLN $UDúWÕUPDODU .XUXPX   LoLQ KD]ÕUODGÕ÷Õ UDSRUGD GHWD\OÕ RODUDN
DoÕNODQPÕúWÕU6HQV|U\HUOHúLPOHULLOHLOJLOLDoÕNODPDODUùHNLO-3¶WHVXQXOPXúWXUùHNLO-3¶Q D NÕVPÕQGD
\HUDODQ$%'8%& 8QLIRUP%XLOGLQJ&RGH \|QHWPHOL÷LQGHNLHVNL\DNODúÕP, HQD]ÕQGDQELQDQÕQHQ
DOWÕQD HQ VWQH YH RUWD NDWÕQD ¶HU HNVHQOL ELUHU LYPH|OoHU \HUOHúWLULOPHVL \|QQGHGLU $QFDN EX
\DNODúÕP, JQP]NRúXOODUÕQGD\HWHUOLROPDGÕ÷ÕQGDQJHOLúWLULOPLúWLU
6HQV|U \HUOHúLPOHULQLQ GR÷UX \DSDELOPHVL DVOÕQGD KDQJL SDUDPHWUHOHULQ |OoOPHN YH WDNLS
HGLOPHN LVWHGL÷L LOH LOJLOLGLU 7HPHO RODUDN WDNLS HGLOHFHN SDUDPHWUHOHU \DWD\ [ \|QQGHNL |WHOHPH
PRGODUÕ, \DWD\ \ \|QQGHNL |WHOHPH PRGODUÕ, EXUXOPD PRGODUÕ GúH\ HNVHQ HWUDIÕQGD  WHPHO


HWUDIÕQGDNLULMLW\DSÕG|QPHOHUL– [YH\HNVHQLHWUDIÕQGD , \DSÕ]HPLQHWNLOHúLPL\DGDVLVPLNL]RODW|U
SHUIRUPDQVÕWHSHGHSODVPDQÕNDWGHSODVPDQODUÕNDWODUDUDVÕ|WHOHPHRUDQODUÕRODUDNOLVWHOHQHELOLU

ùHNLO3%LQDODUGDLYPH|OoHU\HUOHúLPLdHOHEL  ¶QLQ86*6 %LUOHúLN$PHULND-HRORMLN$UDúWÕUPDODU


.XUXPX LoLQKD]ÕUODGÕ÷ÕUDSRUGDQ7UNoHOHúWLULOHUHNDOÕQWÕODQPÕúWÕU

ho(NVHQOLøYPH|OoHUOHUGHQ7HNøNLho(NVHQOLøYPH|OoHUOHUH*HoLú=RUXQOXOX÷X
+HUQHNDGDUHVNL\DNODúÕPODEHOLUOLNDWODUDo-HNVHQOLLYPH|OoHUOHU\HUOHúWLUPHNKHPSODQODPDKHPGH
PRQWDM DoÕODUÕQGDQ GDKD SUDWLN JLEL J|UQVH GH GDKD oRN DQODPOÕ SDUDPHWUH\L WDNLS HGHELOPHN LoLQ
KHP WHN KHP LNL KHP GH o HNVHQOL LYPH|OoHUOHUGHQ ID\GDODQPDN ELU ]RUXQOXOXN KDOLQH JHOPLúWLU
gUQHNRODUDNEXUXOPDPRGXWHPHORODUDNELUG|QPHKDUHNHWLQHGD\DQPDNWDGÕU%XQHGHQOHD\QÕNDWWD
|OoPDOÕQDFDNLNLVHQV|UDUDVÕQGDELUPRPHQWNROXDoÕNOÕ÷ÕROXúWXUPDNJHUHNOLGLU$\QÕNDWWD[\DGD
\\|QQGHDQODPOÕELUDUDOÕNOD\HUOHúWLULOHFHNIDUNOÕ VHQV|UHLKWL\DoGX\XOXU7HNHNVHQOLVHQV|UOHUEX
DoÕGDQKHPGDKDYHULPOLKHPGHGDKDSUDWLNELU\DNODúÕP VXQDUODU7HNYHLNLHNVHQOLLYPH|OoHUOHULQ
|OoP HQVWUPDQODUÕ LoLQGH \HU DOPDVÕ |OoOHFHN SDUDPHWUH\H J|UH LYPH|OoHU VHoHQH÷L VXQDU 7P
LYPH|OoHUOHULQ o-HNVHQOL ROPDVÕ GXUXPXQGD SHN oRN HNVHQGHQ JHOHQ LYPH ELOJLVL ID]ODGDQ JHUHNOL
ROPD\DQELOJLYHHNPDOL\HWDQODPÕQDJHOPHNWHGLU

7HPHO6HQV|U<HUOHúLP.XUDOODUÕ
6HQV|UOHULQ\HUOHúLPLLOHLOJLOLKHUDUDúWÕUPDFÕQÕQIDUNOÕELUWHUFLKLRODELOLUDQFDN|QHULDPDFÕ\OD
DúD÷ÕGDELUDNÕúVXQXOPXúWXU*HUHNOL SDUDPHWUHOHULQWDNLELLoLQJHQHONXUDOODUúXúHNLOGH|]HWOHQHELOLU
 (QVWNDWDPXWODNDLYPH|OoHUOHU\HUOHúWLULOLU7HSHQRNWDGDNLGHSODVPDQODU|]HOOLNOH\NVHN
GHUHFHOLPRGODUDNDWNÕVÕQHGHQL\OHPRGDODQDOL]LoLQNULWLN|QHPWDúÕPDNWDGÕU
 .ULWLN RODUDN EHOLUOHQHQ |]HOOLNOH \NVHN GHUHFHOLPRGODUD GDKD oRN NDWNÕVÕRODQ YH ULMLWOL÷LQ
GH÷LúWL÷L DUDNDWODUDLYPH|OoHUOHU\HUOHúWLULOLU
3 6HQV|UOHULQEXOXQGX÷XKHUNDWWD[YH\\|QQGHNL\DWD\PRGDOIUHNDQVODUÕQHOGHHGLOHELOPHVL
LoLQPXWODNDLOJLOLNDWODUD[YH\\|QQGH|OoPDODQ LYPH|OoHUOHU\HUOHúWLULOPHOiGLU
 6HQV|UOHULQ EXOXQGX÷X KHU NDWWD EXUXOPD PRGXQXQ VDSWDQDELOPHVL LoLQ D\QÕ \|QGH SDUDOHO
RODUDNDQODPOÕELUDUDOÕNOD\HUOHúWLULOHFHNIDUNOÕVHQV|UHLKWL\DoGX\XOXU
 øON  PDGGHGHQ oÕNÕúOD HQ VW NDWWD YH VHQV|U EXOXQPDVÕQD NDUDU YHULOHQ DUD NDWODUGD HQ
RSWLPXP\DNODúÕP, ELUQRNWD\DWHN-HNVHQOLELUVHQV|U\HUOHúWLUPHNEHOLUOLELUDoÕNOÕNEÕUDNDUDNLNLQFL
ELUQRNWD\DGD-HNVHQOLELULYPH|OoHU\HUOHúWLUPHNWLU%|\OHOLNOHLOJLOLNDWÕQKHP[-|WHOHPHKHP \-
|WHOHPHKHPGHEXUXOPDPRGODUÕQDNDWNÕVÕ|OoOHELOLU
 7HPHOHWUDIÕQGDNLULMLW\DSÕG|QPHOHULQLQWDNLSHGLOHELOPHVLLoLQERGUXPNDWDGúH\HNVHQHGH
VDKLSVHQV|UOHU\HUOHúWLULOPHOLGLU7HPHOHWUDIÕQGDKHP[KHPGH\HNVHQLHWUDIÕQGDNLG|QPHOHULQWDNLS
HGLOHELOPHVLLoLQELUELULQGHQDUDOÕNOÕQRNWDGDQGúH\LYPHWDNLEL\DSPDNJHUHNOLGLU
 0DGGH¶GDNLWHPHOHWUDIÕQGDNLULMLWG|QPHOHULQWDNLELLOHLOJLOLJHUHNOLOLNGL÷HULONPDGGHGH
XODúÕODQ|WHOHPHYHEXUXOPDPRGODUÕQÕQVDSWDQPDVÕQD\|QHOLNJHUHNOLOLNOHUOHELUOHúWLULOGL÷LQGH]HPLQ


\DGDERGUXPNDWLoLQùHNLO-3-E¶GHoL]LOHQRSWLPXPVRQXFDXODúÕOÕU%XQDJ|UHELUELULQGHQDUDOÕNOÕ
QRNWD\DVHQV|UNRQXU
 <DSÕ]HPLQHWNLOHúLPLQLQWHVSLWLDPDFÕ\ODELQDQÕQ|WHVLQGHX\JXQELUDoÕNDODQD]HPLQ]HULQH
HNVHQOLELUVHQV|U\HUOHúWLULOLU%XUDGDDPDoROXúDQELUVDUVÕQWÕGD]HPLQGHQDOÕQDQLYPHOHULOHEXQXQ
ELQD]HULQGHNLER\XWXYHHWNLVLDUDVÕQGDELUNDUúÕODúWÕUPD\DSDELOPHNWLU
 (÷HU ELQDQÕQ WHPHOLQGH VLVPLN L]RODW|UOHU NXOODQÕOÕ\RUVD VLVPLN L]RODW|UOHULQ SHUIRUPDQVÕQÕQ
YH QH NDGDU ELU V|QPOHPH JHUoHNOHúWLUGL÷LQLQ WDNLEL LoLQGH D\UÕFD VHQV|UH LKWL\Do GX\XOXU SLVPLN
L]RODW|UOHULQKHPHQDOWÕQDYHKHPHQVWQHVHQV|UOHU\HUOHúWLULOLU
<XNDUÕGDNL VHQV|U \HUOHúWLUPH DNÕúÕ WDNLS HGLOGL÷LQGH WHN ELU DUD NDWÕQ WDNLS LoLQ VHoLOGL÷L
GXUXPGD ELU ELQDQÕQ WDNLEL LoLQ PLQLPXP  HNVHQGH LYPH |OoP JHUHNLU <DSÕ ]HPLQ HWNLOHúLPL
EXQDNDWÕOÕUVDPLQLPXPHNVHQVD\ÕVÕROXU(÷HUNULWLNDUDNDWVD\ÕVÕDUWWÕUÕOÕUVDKHUNDWLoLQVLVWHPH
HNVHQGDKDHNOHPHNJHUHNLU%XWHUFLKOHUGHPDOL\HWHDQDHWNHQVHQV|UVD\ÕVÕGH÷LOHNVHQVD\ÕVÕGÕU

6LVWHPLQ%LOHúHQOHUL

%LQDODUGD NXOODQÕODFDN ELU \DSÕVDO VD÷OÕN WDNLEL VLVWHPLQLQ ELOHúHQOHUL úX úHNLOGH OLVWHOHQHELOLU L)
'LQDPLNVHQV|UOHU øYPH|OoHUOHU-HNVHQOL , LL 6WDWLNVHQV|UOHU JHUHNOL\VH7LOW-H÷LNOLN|OoHUOHU,
oDWODN|OoHUOHU ELULPGHIRUPDV\RQ|OoHUOHU LQJ6WUDLQJDXJH oHYUHVHOVHQV|UOHU-VÕFDNOÕNU]JDUQHP
YE , LLL 9HUL 7RSODPD 6LVWHPL 6D\ÕVDOODúWÕUÕFÕ LY)DQDORJ VHQV|U NDEORODUÕ JHUHNOL\VH ,
Y 7DPDPOD\ÕFÕ (NLSPDQ YH $÷ &LKD]ODUÕ JHUHNOL\VH ORNDO ELOJLVD\DU NDEOROX \D GD NDEORVX]
(WKHUQHW D÷Õ $'6/* 0RGHP-X]D÷D YHUL WUDQVIHUL LoLQ , YL <D]ÕOÕPODU *HUoHN =DPDQOÕ 9HUL
7RSODPD*|UQWOHPH.D\ÕW$QDOL]<D]ÕOÕPÕ YH3RVW-$QDOL]<D]ÕOÕPÕ

<$3,6$/6$ö/,.7$.ø%øødø18<*81(1675h0$1/$5,16(dø0ø

7LSLNELUELQDGDWDNLSHGLOHELOHFHNSDUDPHWUHOHUYHVHQV|UOHULQ\HUOHúLPLùHNLO-4¶WH|]HWOHQPLúWLU%X
WDNLELQJHUoHNOHúWLULOPHVLLoLQKDQJLVHoHQHNOHULQROGX÷XJoOYH]D\ÕI\|QOHULDúD÷ÕGDDQODWÕOPÕúWÕU

6HQV|UOHU
(VDVRODUDNDPDoGLQDPLNNLPOLNOHQGLUPHYHPRGDODQDOL]ROGX÷XQGDQDVOÕQGD\DSÕGDJHUoHN-]DPDQOÕ
ROXúDQGHSODVPDQODUÕQ |WHOHPHOHU |OoPQHLKWL\DoGX\XOXU$QFDNGR÷UXGDQGHSODVPDQ|OoPELU
UHIHUDQVROPDNVÕ]ÕQoRNJoROGX÷XQGDQoRNGDKDNROD\NXOODQÕPRODQDNODUÕVXQDQLYPH|OoHUOHUWHUFLK
HGLOLU
0RGDO DQDOL] oDOÕúPDODUÕQGD LYPH GH÷HULQLQ oLIW LQWHJUDOL LOH SR]LV\RQ GH÷HULQH XODúPDN
PPNQ ROXU %X DúDPDGD HQ E\N ]RUOXN LYPH VHQV|UQGHQ JHOHQ YHULGH EXOXQDQ WDQÕPVÕ] ELU
HOHNWURQLNJUOWGHQND\QDNODQÕU+HULYPHVHQV|UQGHQJHOHQVLQ\DOEHOOLELUPLNWDUGDJUOW\GH
LoLQGH EDUÕQGÕUÕU 6LQ\DOLQ EX JUOWGHQ DUÕQGÕUÕOPDVÕ LoLQ oHúLWOL VLQ\DO WHPL]OHPH DúDPDODUÕQGDQ
VRQUD VLQ\DOLQ WHVSLW HGLOHQ PRGDO IUHNDQVODU HWUDIÕQGD EDQW JHoLUHQ ILOWUHOHU LOH ILOWUHOHQPHVL
WHNQLNOHULQHEDúYXUPDNJHUHNLU

ùHNLO4%LQDODUGD<DSÕVDO6D÷OÕN7DNLEL - 3DUDPHWUHOHUYHHQVWUPDQ\HUOHúLP|]HWL


$QFDNWPEXQODUÕQ|QFHVLQGHVHQV|UVHoLPLDúDPDVÕQGDPPNQROGX÷XQFDGúNJUOW
VHYL\HVLQGHVHQV|UQVHoLPLoRNNULWLNWLU%LQDODUJHQHOGHGL÷HULQúDDWPKHQGLVOL÷L\DSÕODUÕQDRUDQOD
GDKDULMLWROGX÷XQGDQRUWDPWLWUHúLPLDOWÕQGDDQODPOÕD\ÕUWHGLOHELOLUVLQ\DOOHUHXODúPDNLoLQ PLNUR-
J.|N-+] WHUFLKDQ  QDQR-J.|N-+] VHYL\HVLQLQ DOWÕQGD ELU JUOW \R÷XQOX÷XQD VDKLS VHQV|UOHU
WHUFLKHGLOPHOLGLU6HQV|UVHoLPLQGHGLNNDWHGLOPHVLJHUHNHQSDUDPHWUHOHU7DEOR-¶GHVXQXOPXúWXU

7DEORøYPH|OoHU6HoLPLQGH'LNNDW(GLOHFHN7HNQLNg]HOOLNOHU
7HNQLNg]HOOLN 'H÷HU
gOoP$UDOÕ÷Õ “– “J
506*UOW < 1—J¥+]– QDQR-J¥+]
'LQDPLN$UDOÕN 11– G%
)UHNDQV7HSNLVL \DGD- 1+]
%HVOHPH9ROWDMÕYH6HQV|U7LSL 9HUL7RSODPD6LVWHPLLOH8\XPOX
6ÕFDNOÕNLOH'H÷LúLP 0DNXOVÕQÕUODULoLQGHNDOPDOÕ

%XQXQ GÕúÕQGD VHQV|U VHoLPLQGH VHQV|UQ WLSL GH KHP WHNQLN |]HOOLNOHU KHP GH PDOL\HW DoÕVÕQGDQ
|QHPOLGLU%XNRQXGDGH÷HUOHQGLULOHELOHFHNWLSLYPH|OoHUPHYFXWWXU
 .RQYDQVL\RQHO .XYYHW 'HQJHOL LQJ)RUFH %DODQFH øYPH|OoHU )%$  – .XYYHW
JHULEHVOHPHOL8]XQSHUL\RWOXVLQ\DOOHULQ|OoPQGH 
 0(06 øYPH|OoHU – .XYYHW JHULEHVOHPHOi  +]-4 +] DUDVÕ oRN L\L SHUIRUPDQV-Si-
)OH[70 WLSL LYPH|OoHUOHULQ UHWLPLQLQ GXUGXUXOPDVÕQGDQ VRQUD JQFHO GXUXPGD ELQDODUÕQ RUWDP
WLWUHúLPLWHVWOHULLoLQ\HWHUOLQLWHOLNWHELU0(06LYPH|OoHUVXQXODPDPDNWDGÕU
 )%$-0(7 øYPH|OoHU– .XYYHW'HQJHOL .XYYHWJHULEHVOHPHOL +]-12+]DUDVÕoRNL\L
SHUIRUPDQV
 3LH]RøYPH|OoHU– ,&3,(3( <NVHNIUHNDQVODUÕQ|OoPQGHPDNLQHPKHQGLVOL÷LQGH
$\UÕFD ùHNLO-¶WH PDOL\HW YH SHUIRUPDQV NDUúÕODúWÕUPDVÕ DPDFÕ\OD PHYFXW  WLS LoLQ  
JUDILNVHOELUDQDOL]VXQXOPXúWXU

ùHNLOøYPH|OoHUWLSOHULQHJ|UHSHUIRUPDQVPDOL\HWNDUúÕODúWÕUPDVÕ

9HUL7RSODPD6LVWHPL 6D\ÕVDOODúWÕUÕFÕ 

<DSÕVDO 6D÷OÕN 7DNLEL¶QGH HQ D] VHQV|U VHoLPL NDGDU |QHPOL RODQ ELU EDúND XQVXU GD YHUL WRSODPD
VLVWHPLQLQ VHoLPLGLU 9HUL 7RSODPD 6LVWHPL¶QH NLPL ]DPDQ VD\ÕVDOODúWÕUÕFÕ GD GHQLU 7HPHO J|UHYL
ELUGHQ oRN VHQV|UGHQ JHOHQ DQDORJ VLQ\DOOHUL Hú ]DPDQOÕ YH \NVHN KDVVDVL\HWOL RODUDN GLMLWDO YHUL\H
oHYLULS ND\GHWPHN ELOJLVD\DUD DNWDUPDN \D GD GLMLWDO KDWODU ]HULQGHQ WUDQVIHU HWPHNWLU %X NULWLN
ELOHúHQLQVHoLPLQHJHoPHGHQ|QFHED]ÕWHPHONDYUDPODUÕQELOLQPHVLJHUHNLU

d|]QUON- (WNLOLd|]QUON (12% – 6LQ\DO*UOW2UDQÕ 615 - 'LQDPLN$UDOÕN '5


%XQODUGDQ ELULQFLVL |OoP KDVVDVL\HWLGLU d|]QUON 5  HWNLOL o|]QUON (12%  VLQ\DO
JUOWRUDQÕ 615 YHGLQDPLN DUDOÕNJLELNDYUDPODUODLIDGHHGLOLU%LQDODUGD\DSÕVDOVD÷OÕNWDNLELQGH
NXOODQÕODQ VD\ÕVDOODúWÕUÕFÕODU -%LW ROPDOÕGÕU d|]QUO÷  ELW RODQ ELU VD\ÕVDOODúWÕUÕFÕ 1  VLQ\DOL
WRSODP 24 WRSODP |OoP DGÕPÕQD 7g$   E|OHUHN VD\ÕVDOODúWÕUÕU gUQHN RODUDN |OoHELOGL÷L VLQ\DO


DUDOÕ÷ÕQÕQ JHQLúOL÷L *   YROW LVH EX DUDOÕ÷Õ WHRULN VÕQÕU RODUDN  QDQR-9ROW¶OXN   DGÕPODUOD
|UQHNOH\HELOLU
ܴ = ݊ ‫ = ݊( ݐ݅ܤ‬24) 1

ܶÖ‫ = ܣ‬224 = 16777216 2

Ö‫ܶ ÷ ܩ = )ݐ݈݋ܸ(ܣ‬Ö‫ = ܣ‬10 ܸ‫ ÷ ݐ݈݋‬16777216 = 596 ݊ܽ݊‫ݐ݈݋ܸ݋‬ 3

$QFDN o|]QUO÷ -%LW RODQ VD\ÕVDOODúWÕUÕFÕODUÕQ HWNLOL o|]QUO÷ EXQXQ DOWÕQGD ROXU
$UDúWÕUPDFÕ\ÕGDKDoRNLOJLOHQGLUHQHWNLOLo|]QUONWU%LUEDúNDGH\LúOH-%LWLoLQGHQQHNDGDUÕQÕQ
DQODPLIDGHHGHQVHYL\HGHROGX÷XGXU
'LQDPLNDUDOÕN YH6LQ\DO*UOW2UDQÕELUELULQHoRN\DNÕQ NDYUDPODUGÕU6LQ\DOJUOWRUDQÕ
|OoOHELOHQ HQ \NVHN GH÷HULQ FLKD]GD NDoÕQÕOPD] RODQ DUND SODQ JUOWVQH RUDQÕQÕ LIDGH HGHU
'LQDPLN $UDOÕN '5  GD G% GHVLEHO  FLQVLQGHQ LIDGH HGLOHQ VD\ÕVDOODúWÕUÕFÕQÕQ |OoHELOGL÷L HQ \NVHN
VLQ\DOLQHQNoNVLQ\DOH RUDQÕJ|VWHUHQELUGH÷HUGLU%D]ÕGXUXPODUGDEXGH÷HUD\QÕNDEXOHGLOHELOLU
615 \D GD '5 QH NDGDU E\N LVH o|]QUON YH |OoP NDELOL\HWLQLQ R NDGDU \NVHN ROGX÷XQX
EHOLUWLU 615 LOH (12% DUDVÕQGDNL LOLúNL 4 ¶WH YHULOPLúWLU gUQH÷LQ  G%¶OLN ELU FLKD]ÕQ HWNLOL
o|]QUO÷-ELW¶WLU<DSÕVDO6D÷OÕN7DNLELoDOÕúPDODUÕQGDJHQHOGH-G%DUDVÕFLKD]ODUWHUFLK
HGLOLU, DQFDNWHNEDúÕQDEXGH÷HUDQODPOÕGH÷LOGLUdQN|OoPKÕ]ÕQDJ|UHD\QÕFLKD]LoLQEXGH÷HU
GH÷LúHELOLURQHGHQOHKDQJL|OoPKÕ]ÕQGDEXGH÷HULQYHULOGL÷LQi GHNRQWUROHWPHNJHUHNLU
%XDúDPDGDID]ODGDQYHUL|UQHNOHPH RYHUVDPSOLQJ YHYHULD]DWOÕPÕ GRZQVDPSOLQJ WHNQLNOHUL
GHYUH\HJLUHU%LUVLQ\DO]HULQGHQID]ODGDQYHULDOÕQÕSEXYHULD]DOWÕOGÕ÷ÕQGDHWNLOLo|]QUONDUWDUYH
GLQDPLN DUDOÕN JHQLúOHU +HU  ELW o|]QUON DUWÕúÕ LoLQ VLQ\DO ¶Q R NDGDU NXYYHWL NDGDU ID]OD
|UQHNOHQPHOLGLU %X LOLúNL Z-LVWHQLOHQ ELW DUWÕúÕ IRV-ID]OD |UQHNOHPH IUHNDQVÕ IV GDKD \NVHN
o|]QUONOHOGHHGLOHQ|UQHNOHPHIUHNDQVÕROPDN]HUH  ¶WH YHULOPLúWLU

ܴܵܰ(݀‫( = )ܤ‬6.02 × ‫ )ܤܱܰܧ‬+ 1.76 4


݂‫ = ݏ݋‬4‫ ݓ‬. ݂‫ݏ‬ 

(WNLOL o|]QUON DUWÕúÕ GLQDPLN DUDOÕN DUWÕúÕ YH ID]ODGDQ |UQHNOHPH 26  DUDVÕQGDNL JHQHO NXUDO
EDVLWOHúWLULOHUHNùHNLO-¶Ga VXQXOPXúWXU

ùHNLO(WNLOLo|]QUONDUWÕúÕGLQDPLNDUDOÕNDUWÕúÕYHID]ODGDQ|UQHNOHPH 26 DUDVÕQGDNLJHQHONXUDO


9HUL7RSODPD6LVWHPLQLQ 6D\ÕVDOODúWÕUFÕ 6HoLPL
<XNDUÕGD DQODWÕODQ NDYUDPODUÕ J|] |QQGH EXOXQGXUDUDN ELU VD\ÕVDOODúWÕUÕFÕQÕQ VHoLPL LoLQ 
|QHPOLQRNWDúXúHNLOGH|]HWOHQHELOLU L 6HQV|UGHQGDKDL\LSHUIRUPDQVDVDKLSROPDOÕ LL Hú-]DPDQOÕ
|UQHNOHPH \HWHQH÷LQH VDKLS ROPDOÕ LLL  DQDORJ DQWL-DOLDVLQJ ILOWUHOHUH VDKLS ROPDOÕ <DSÕVDO VD÷OÕN
WDNLELQGH 7DEOR-¶GH EHOLUWLOGL÷L JLEL VHQV|UOHULQ JHQHOGH - G% SHUIRUPDQVD VDKLS RODFD÷Õ YH
|UQHNOHPHIUHNDQVODUÕQÕQGD-+]VHYL\HVLQGHRODFD÷ÕJ|]|QQGHEXOXQGXUXOXUVDJHQHOGH-
 +]¶GH - G%¶OLN GLQDPLN DUDOÕ÷D VDKLS ELU VD\ÕVDOODúWÕUÕFÕ WHUFLK HGLOHELOLU (ú ]DPDQOÕ
|UQHNOHPH PRGDO DQDOL] LoLQ NDoÕQÕOPD] ELU WHUFLKWLU *HQHOGH  PLNUR-VDQL\H YH DOWÕQGD VHQNURQL]H
|UQHN WRSOD\DELOHQ VLVWHPOHU VHoLOLU $QDORJ DQWL-DOLDVLQJ ILOWUHOHU \NVHN IUHNDQVODUGDQ GúN
IUHNDQVODUD \DQÕOWÕFÕ IUHNDQV ELOHúHQOHULQLQ \DQVÕPDPDVÕQÕ VD÷ODPDNWDGÕU 7(67%2;ŒH-48$.(Œ
VHULVLFLKD]ODU7HNQLN'HVWHN*UXEXWDUDIÕQGDQ\XNDUÕGDEDKVLJHoHQ|]HOOLNOHUHJ|UHJHOLúWLULOPLúWLU

 


*366HQNURQL]DV\RQX

%LU|QFHNLE|OPGHGHEHOLUWLOGL÷LJLELPRGDODQDOL]HX\JXQELUYHULWRSODQDELOPHVLLoLQELQDGDIDUNOÕ
ORNDV\RQODUGDEXOXQDQVD\ÕVDOODúWÕUÕFÕODUÕQDUDVÕQGD]DPDQVHQNURQL]DV\RQXLoLQELU\|QWHPROPDOÕGÕU
%XHú]DPDQOÕOÕ÷ÕVD÷ODPDQÕQELU\ROXKHUVD\ÕVDOODúWÕUFÕGDELU*36PRGONXOODQPDNWÕU%XúHNLOGH
WPVD\ÕVDOODúWÕUÕFÕODUED÷ÕPVÕ]RODUDNDQDORJ-GLMLWDOoHYULPLúOHPLQL87&¶\HJ|UHPLNUR-VDQL\H\D
GD GDKD L\L ELU VHQNURQL]DV\RQOD JHUoHNOHúWLULUOHU 7HNQLN 'HVWHN *UXEX WDUDIÕQGDQ JHOLúWLULOPLú
7(67%2;ŒH-48$.(Œ VHULVL FLKD]ODUGD NXOODQÕODQ |]HO \|QWHP ùHNLO-¶GH VXQXOPXúWXU %X
o|]P IDUNOÕODúWÕUDQ YH Hú-]DPDQOÕOÕ÷Õ HQ L\L QRNWD\D WDúÕ\DQ HQ |QHPOL QRNWD X\GXGDQ JHOHQ
]DPDQODPD VLQ\DOLQLQ GR÷UXGDQ $QDORJ-VD\ÕVDO oHYLULFLOHUL VU\RU ROPDVÕGÕU 7P ED÷ÕPVÕ]
VD\ÕVDOODúWÕUÕFÕODUÕ D\QÕ DQGD EDúODWPDN PPNQ RODPD\DFD÷ÕQGDQ DUDGD ROXúDQ ]DPDQ IDUNÕ LVH KHU
YHULQLQ|QQHX\GXGDQDOÕQPÕúJOREDO]DPDQHWLNHWLHNOH\HUHNo|]OPHNWHGLU


ùHNLO77(67%2;ŒH-48$.(ŒVHULVLFLKD]ODUGDNDEORVX]*36VHQNURQL]DV\RQX
.DEOROXd|]POHU.DEORVX]d|]POHU
.DEORoHNPHQLQPPNQROGX÷XGXUXPODUGD, |]HOOLNOHELQDODUGDNDEOROXVLWHPOHU, WDNLSLoLQ HQ
VWDELO YH HQ GúN PDOL\HWOL o|]POHUL UHWLU %XQODU ELU DOW EDúOÕNWD PHUNH]L \D GD KLEULW VLVWHPOHU
RODUDN GD DQÕOPDNWDGÕU 'DKD NÕVD VUHOL |OoP LKWL\DoODUÕ LoLQ \D GD NDEOR oHNPHQLQ ]RU ROGX÷X
GXUXPODUGDNDEORVX]o|]POHUGHNXOODQÕODELOLU
.DEORVX]OXN ]DPDQ ]DPDQ NDYUDP NDUJDúDVÕQD QHGHQ ROPDNWDGÕU .DEORVX] o|]POHULQ YHUL
LOHWLúLPLYHHOHNWULNED÷ODQWÕVÕGDGDKLOWDPDPHQNDEORVX]RODELOHFH÷LGúQOPHNWHGLU2\VD\DSÕVDO
VD÷OÕN WDNLEL oDOÕúPDODUÕQGD HQ oRN ]RUOXN oÕNDUDQ NDEORODU VD\ÕVDOODúWÕUÕFÕGDQ VHQV|UH JLGHQ DQDORJ,
NDOÕQ YH EDúWDQ G|úHQPHVL JHUHNHQ NDEORODUGÕU %X NDEORODUÕQ HOLPLQH HGLOHELOPHVL LoLQ ELU VW
PDGGHGHEDKVLJHoHQNDEORVX]RODUDN*36GHVWH÷LLOHX\GX]HULQGHQHú-]DPDQOÕOÕNVD÷OD\DQ VLVWHPOHU
L\L ELU o|]P UHWLU +HU VHQV|U NHQGL VD\ÕVDOODúWÕUÕFÕVÕQDVDKLS ROGX÷XQGDQ ID]ODGDQ DQDORJ NDEOR\D
LKWL\Do NDOPD]  aúDPDGD YHUL LOHWLúLPL GH NDEORVX] HWKHUQHW Zi-IL  JLEL \|QWHPOHUOH RUWDGDQ
NDOGÕUÕODELOLU$QFDNHWKHUQHWNDEORODUÕ]DWHQoR÷XELQDGDKD]ÕURODQ\DGDoHNLOPHVLoRNNROD\GLMLWDO
KDWODU ROGX÷XQGDQ NDEORVX] HWKHUQHW |]HO GXUXPODU GÕúÕQGD WHUFLK HGLOPH\HELOLU %LOLQGL÷L JLEL
NDEORVX] YHUL LOHWLúLPLQLQ NHVLQWLOHU \DúDPDVÕ PXKWHPHOGLU %XQD NDUúÕQ \XNDUÕGD DQODWÕOPÕú RODQ H-
48$.(70-$&&WUQGHVLVWHPOHUVDGHFHNHQGL]HULQHND\ÕWDOVDGDKLEXND\ÕWODU*36GHVWH÷LLOH-
PLNURVDQL\HGHQGDKDL\LVHQNURQL]HROGX÷XQGDQ\D]ÕOÕPVDORODUDNNROD\OÕNODELUOHúWLULSPRGDODQDOL]H
KD]ÕUKDOHJHOLUOHU

8\JXODPDQÕQ3URMHOHQGLULOPHVL-0HUNH]L6LVWHPOHU'D÷ÕWÕOPÕú6LVWHPOHU+LEULW6LVWHPOHU

0HUNH]L6LVWHPOHU
g]HOOLNOH  \DSÕVDO VD÷OÕN WDNLEL LoLQ H÷HU NDEOR oHNLOPHVLQGH ELU ]RUOXN \RNVD ùHNLO-¶GH
J|VWHULOHQPHUNH]LVLVWHPOHUWHUFLKHGLOLU


øYPH|OoHUOHU
Q DGHW $QDORJ dRN.DQDOOÕ
.DEORODPD 0HUNH]L9HUL 0RGHP øQWHUQHW
7RSODPD6LVWHPL
6WDWLN6HQV|UOHU 8]DN9HUL7DNLSø]OHPH
m DGHW YH$QDOL]0HUNH]L
<D]ÕOÕPODU

/RNDO7DNLS%LOJLVD\DUÕ
*HUHNOL\VH

ùHNLO0HUNH]L6LVWHPùHPDVÕ-
LVWHPùHPDVÕ- <DSÕVDO6D÷OÕN7DNLEL
<
+LEULW<DUÕ-0HUNH]L<DUÕ'D÷ÕWÕOPÕú6LVWHPOHU
<DSÕQÕQE\NO÷\DGD|OoOPHNLVWHQLOHQSDUDPHWUHOHULQoHúLWOLOL÷LHNVHQVD\ÕVÕQÕQID]ODOÕ÷Õ
\DGDSURMHQLQGDKDJHQLúELUDODQD\D\ÕOGÕ÷ÕGXUXPODUGDùHNLO-¶GDJ|VWHULOHQ\DUÕGD÷ÕWÕOPÕúVLVWHPOHU
oRNGDKDHWNLQELUo|]PUHWLU

*36
øYPH|OoHUOHU 6HQN
Q DGHW
$QDORJ dRN.DQDOOÕ
.DEORODPD <DUÕ-0HUNH]L9HUL
7RSODPD6LVWHPL
6WDWLN6HQV|UOHU
m DGHW

6ZLWFK
(WKHUQHW 0RGHP øQWHUQHW
øYPH|OoHUOHU .DEORODPD
i DGHW 8]DN9HUL7DNLSø]OHPH
YH$QDOL]0HUNH]L
$QDORJ dRN.DQDOOÕ
.DEORODPD /RNDO7DNLS%LOJLVD\DUÕ <D]ÕOÕPODU
<DUÕ-0HUNH]L9HUL *HUHNOL\VH
7RSODPD6LVWHPL
6WDWLN6HQV|UOHU
j DGHW
*36
6HQN

ùHNLO+LEULW<DUÕ-0HUNH]L<DUÕ'D÷ÕWÕOPÕú6LVWHPùHPDVÕ- <DSÕVDO6D÷OÕN7DNLEL
'D÷ÕWÕOPÕú6LVWHPOHU
g]HOOLNOHGDKDNÕVDVUHOL|OoPSURMHOHULQGH\DGDNDEORoHNPHQLQoRN]RUROGX÷XGXUXPODUGD
ùHNLO-¶GDJ|VWHULOHQWHUFLKHGLOLU
'LMLWDO(NV 'LMLWDO(NV 'LMLWDO(NV 'LMLWDO(NV 'LMLWDO (NV
øYPH|OoHU1RGX øYPH|OoHU1RGX øYPH|OoHU1RGX øYPH|OoHU1RGX øYPH|OoHU1RGX

*36 *36 *36 *36 *36


6HQN 6HQN 6HQN 6HQN 6HQN 1DGHWQRG
-
6D\ÕVDOODúWÕUFÕ 6D\ÕVDOODúWÕUFÕ 6D\ÕVDOODúWÕUFÕ 6D\ÕVDOODúWÕUFÕ 6D\ÕVDOODúWÕUFÕ

.DEOROX.DEORVX]
(WKHUQHW$÷Õ

/RNDO7DNLS%LOJLVD\DUÕ 8]DN9HUL7DNLSø]OHPH
6ZLWFK YH$QDOL]0HUNH]L
*HUHNOL\VH 0RGHP øQWHUQHW
<D]ÕOÕPODU

ùHNLO'D÷ÕWÕOPÕú6LVWHPùHPDVÕ-
HNLO  'D÷ÕWÕOP <DSÕVDO6D÷OÕN7DNLEL


%ø5<,.,0$/$1,1'$+$6$5/,9(+$6$56,=%ø1$h=(5ø1'(+$.ø0
3(5ø<27'(öøùø0$1$/ø=ø

<XNDUÕGD EDKVHGLOHQ7(67%2;ŒH-48$.(ŒVHULVL FLKD]ODUOD \UWOHQ ELU VDKD oDOÕúPDVÕQGD ELU


\ÕNÕP DODQÕQGD D\QÕ PLPDUL\H VDKLS  NDWOÕ, ELUL ]D\ÕIODWÕOPÕú GL÷HUL LVH ]D\ÕIODWÕOPDPÕú LNL Hú
DSDUWPDQGDRUWDPWLWUHúLPLDOWÕQGD\DSÕODQWHVWOHUVRQXFXQGDKHPPDM|UKHPGHPLQ|UULMLWOLNND\ÕSODUÕ
EDúDUÕ LOH VDSWDQPÕúWÕU 5() ELQDVÕ RULMLQDO GXUXPXQGD\NHQ 7(67 ELQDVÕ \ÕNÕP |QFHVL 'R÷X-%DWÕ
GR÷UXOWXVXQGD \DNODúÕN  RUDQÕQGD ]D\ÕIODWÕOPÕú \ÕNÕPÕQ LVWHQLOHQ GR÷UXOWXGD JHUoHNOHúPHVL LoLQ
.X]H\-*QH\\|QQGHLVHPLQLPDO]D\ÕIODWÕOPD\DSÕOPÕúWÕU+DNLPSHUL\RW]HULQGHQ|OoOHQGH÷HUOHU
WHRULN]D\ÕIODWPDKHVDSODUÕ\ODX\XPOXoÕNPÕúWÕU

ùHNLO11+DVDUOÕYHKDVDUVÕ]ELQDODU]HULQGHRUWDPWLWUHúLPLDOWÕQGDNDUúÕODúWÕUPDOÕKDNLP-SHUL\RWDQDOL]L

6218d

%X oDOÕúPDGD ELQD WUQGHNL \DSÕODUGD \DSÕVDO VD÷OÕN WDNLEL LoLQ JQFHO HQVWUPDQWDV\RQ RODQDNODUÕ
D\UÕQWÕOÕRODUDNLQFHOHQPLúWLU
g]HOOLNOH ¶OL \ÕOODUGDQ VRQUD HQVWUPDQWDV\RQ RODQDNODUÕQGDNL DQDOL] \|QWHPOHULQGHNL
JHOLúPHOHUYHPDOL\HWOHULQGúPHVLQHGHQL\OHGHSUHPYHGL÷HUULVNHWNHQOHULQHNDUúÕELQDODUGD\DSÕVDO
VD÷OÕN WDNLEL JLGHUHN DUWDQ ELU KÕ]OD \D\JÕQODúPDNWDGÕU 2SHUDV\RQHO PRGDO DQDOL] YH LYPH|OoHUOHU
\DUGÕPÕ\ODRUWDPWLWUHúLPLDOWÕQGDVDGHFHoÕNWÕ\DGD\DOÕELUGLQDPLNNLPOLNOHQGLUPHELQDODUGD\DSÕVDO
VD÷OÕNWDNLELQLQHQ|QHPOLo|]PQRNWDVÕQÕROXúWXUPDNWDGÕUøOHWLúLPEDQWJHQLúOLNOHULQLQYHELOJLVD\DU
LúOHPFL JoOHULQLQ \NVHOPHVL LOH DQDOL] NÕVPÕQÕQ \D]ÕOÕPVDO RODUDN JHUoHNOHúWLULOGL÷L JHUoHN-]DPDQOÕ
\DSÕVDO VD÷OÕN WDNLEL PPNQ KDOH JHOPLúWLU %X JHUoHN-]DPDQOÕ L]OHPH X]PDQODU DUDúWÕUPDFÕODU
PKHQGLVOHUYHNDUDUYHULFLOHULoLQHúVL]ELUNDUDUGHVWHNVLVWHPLKDOLQHJHOPLúWLU
%LQDODUGD\DSÕVDOVD÷OÕNWDNLELLoLQVHQV|UYHVD\ÕVDOODúWÕUÕFÕVHoLPLHQNULWLNLNLQRNWDGÕU6HQV|U
\HUOHúLPOHUL NRQXVXQGD JQFHO \DNODúÕPODU RUWD\D oÕNPÕú WLWUHúLP WDNLEL SURMHOHUL -HNVHQOL
LYPH|OoHUOHUGHQ, GDKD HVQHN RODQDNODU VXQDQ  YH  HNVHQOL LYPH|OoHUOHUH GR÷UX HYULOPLúWLU 2UWDP
WLWUHúLPLDOWÕQGDPRGDOIUHNDQVODUÕQWHVSLWLLoLQLYPH|OoHUOHULQ-+]DUDOÕ÷ÕQGD—J- QDQR-J
N|N-+]VHYL\HVLQLQDOWÕQGDELULoJUOWVHYL\HVLQH VDKLSROPDODUÕJHUHNLU6D\ÕVDOODúWÕUÕFÕODULVH-
ELWWH HQ D] - G% GLQDPLN DUDOÕ÷D VDKLS ROPDOÕ Hú-]DPDQOÕ |UQHNOHPH \DSDELOPHOL YH DQDORJ
DQWL-DOLDVLQJ ILOWUHOHUL ROPDOÕGÕU 6HQNURQL]DV\RQ VHYL\HVL —-VDQL\H VHYL\HVLQGH ROPDOÕGÕU


6D\ÕVDOODúWÕUÕFÕODUÕQ ELUELULQGHQ X]DN QRNWDODUD NRQXPODQGÕUÕOPDVÕ JHUHNWL÷LQGH*36 GHVWH÷L LOH X\GX
]HULQGHQVHQNURQL]DV\RQHQJHoHUOLYHHWNLOL\|QWHPGLU*HOLúHQRODQDNODUODGR÷UXVHoLPOHU\DSDUDN
PHUNH]L\DGDGD÷ÕWÕOPÕúNDEOROX\DGDNDEORVX]o|]POHUROXúWXUPDNPPNQGU7PWDNLSLúOHPL
LQWHUQHW $'6/* GHVWH÷LLOHX]DNELUORNDV\RQGDQVUGUOHELOLU
*HUHNGL÷HUDUDúWÕUPDFÕODUÕQoDOÕúPDODUÕQGDJHUHNVHEXoDOÕúPDGD|]HWOHQHQVDKDoDOÕúPDVÕQGD
\DSÕVDO VLVWHPGHNL ELU GH÷LúLP \D GD KDVDUÕQ KDNLP SHUL\RW YH GR÷DO IUHNDQVODUGD KÕ]OÕFD WHVSLW
HGLOHELOHQEHOOLELUGH÷LúLPH\RODoWÕ÷ÕJ|UOPúWU%XGH÷LúLPOHULQGDKDL\L\RUXPODQPDVÕYHKDVDU
WHVSLWJLELDúDPDODULoLQKHUQHNDGDUoRNGDKDID]ODGHQH\VHOoDOÕúPD\DLKWL\DoROVDGDEDKVLJHoHQ
PHWRGRORML\DSÕVD÷OÕ÷ÕQÕQKÕ]OÕYHKDVDUVÕ]WHVSLWLLoLQHQ|QHPOLo|]PQLWHOL÷LQGHGLU

.$<1$./$5

%ULQFNHU5 =KDQJ /$QGHUVHQ3  0RGDOLGHQWLILFDWLRQRIRXWSXW-RQO\V\VWHPVXVLQJIUHTXHQF\GRPDLQ


GHFRPSRVLWLRQ 6PDUW0DWHULDOVDQG6WUXFWXUHV  
&XQKD $&DHWDQR (0DJDOKmHV )0RXWLQKR &  ³)URP,QSXW-2XWSXWWR2XWSXW-2QO\0RGDO,GHQWLILFDWLRQ
RI&LYLO(QJLQHHULQJ6WUXFWXUHV´6$0&2)LQDO5HSRUW)6HOHFWHG3DSHUV
dHOHEL 0   ³6HLVPLF ,QVWUXPHQWDWLRQ RI %XLOGLQJV ZLWK (PSKDVLV RQ )HGHUDO %XLOGLQJV - 6SHFLDO
*6$86*63URMHFW–86*63URMHFW1R---*6$3URMHFWQR=&$
/RV$QJHOHV7DOO%XLOGLQJV6WUXFWXUDO'HVLJQ&RXQFLO  ³$Q$OWHUQDWLYH3URFHGXUHIRU6HLVPLF$QDO\VLV
DQG'HVLJQRI7DOO%XLOGLQJV/RFDWHGLQWKH/RV$QJHOHV5HJLRQ´
3HHWHUV % 5RHFN *   ³5HIHUHQFH-%DVHG 6WRFKDVWLF 6XEVSDFH ,GHQWLILFDWLRQ IRU 2XWSXW-2QO\ 0RGDO
$QDO\VLV´0HFKDQLFDO6\VWHPVDQG6LJQDO3URFHVVLQJ    `
6DQ )UDQFLVFR %XLOGLQJ &RGH   $% ³%XLOGLQJ 6HLVPLF ,QVWUXPHQWDWLRQ- 3URFHGXUHV IRU 6HLVPLF
,QVWUXPHQWDWLRQRI1HZ%XLOGLQJV´
ùDIDN(  ³<DSÕ7LWLUHúLPOHULQLQø]OHQPHVL1HGLU1HGHQ<DSÕOÕU1DVÕO<DSÕOÕUYH1H(OGH(GLOLU"´$OWÕQFÕ
8OXVDO'HSUHP0KHQGLVOL÷L.RQIHUDQVÕ-(NLPøVWDQEXO


Sekizinci Ulusal Deprem Mühendisliği Konferansı, 11 Mayıs-15 Mayıs, 2015, İstanbul
Eighth National Conference on Earthquake Engineering, 11May-15 May 2015, Istanbul, Turkey

YÜKSEK KATLI %ø5%ø1$1,1*(5d(.=$0$1/,<$3,6$ö/,ö,


ø=/(0(6ø1('$<$/, 6ø60ø.3(5)250$16'(ö(5/(1'ø50(6ø
9(*h9(1ø/ø5/ø. 7$+0ø1ø

6(,60,&3(5)250$1&($66(660(17$1'5(/,$%,/,7<(67,0$7,212)
$7$//%8,/',1*%$6('215($/-7,0(021,725,1*

Korkut .D\QDUGD÷1 ve Serdar Soyöz2

g=(7

'HSUHPOHUGHQVRQUDELQDODUÕQKDVDUGXUXPODUÕQÕELOPHNVUGUOHELOLU\DúDPDODQODUÕROXúWXUXOPDVÕEDNÕPÕQdan
E\N |QHP WDúÕPDNWDGÕU %XQXQ LoLQ GHSUHP LVWHPLQH J|UH ELQDQÕQ EHOLUOL ELU KDVDU VÕQÕUÕQÕ DúPD RODVÕOÕ÷ÕQÕ
J|VWHUHQJYHQLOLUOLNGH÷HUOHUL NXOODQÕODELOLU%XH÷ULOHU Sonlu Elemanlar Yöntemi LOH\DSÕODQELUden fazla analiz
sonucuna ba÷OÕ RODUDN  EHOLUOHQHELOLU )DNDW 6RQOX (OHPDQODU 0RGHOleri’QGH \DSÕODQ YDUVD\ÕPODU \]QGHQ
\DSÕODUÕQ JHUoHN GLQDPLN SDUDPHWUHOHUL elde edilemeyebilir %X VHEHSWHQ GROD\Õ VLVWHP WDQÕPODPD WHNQLNOHUL
NXOODQÕODUDN\DSÕODUÕQJHUoHNGLQDPLN|]HOOLNOHULnin belirlenmesi önemlidir
%XoDOÕúPDGD\XNDUÕGDEHOLUWLOHQVRUXQODUÕDUDúWÕUPDNLoLQøVWDQEXO¶GDEXOXQDQ\LUPLDOWÕNDWOÕoHNLUGHNGXYDUOÕ
\NVHNELUELQD RQoLYPH|OoHUYHND\ÕWFLKD]ÕLOHLQVWUXPHQWHHGLOPLúWLU%LQDGDn ND\GHGLOHQWLWUHúLPGDWDODUÕQÕ
J|VWHUHQ ³*HUoHN =DPDQOÕ ø]OHPH´ PRGO ROXúWXUXOPXúWXU <DSÕQÕQ 6RQOX (OHPDQODU 0RGHOL GL]D\Q
oL]LPOHULQH J|UH ROXúWXUXOPXúWXU 6LVWHP WDQÕPODPD VRQXoODUÕQGDQ ELQDQÕQ JHUoHN PRGODUÕQ IUHNDQV GH÷HUOHUL
úHNLOOHULYHV|QPOHQPHRUDQODUÕHOGHHGLOPLúWLU%XGLQDPLNSDUDPHWOHUHJ|UHELQDQÕQ6RQOX(OHPDQODU0RGHOL
\DSÕQÕQ JHQHO ULMLWOLN GH÷HUOHUL YH ]HPLQ \DWDN NDWVD\ÕODUÕ GH÷HUOHUL 0DWODE NRGX DUDFÕOÕ÷Õ GH÷LúWLULOHUHN
JQFHOOHQPLúWLU *QFHOOHQHQ PRGHO WDQÕPODQDQ V|QPOHQPH RUDQÕ ) ve yönetmeliklerin |QHUGL÷L
V|QPOHQPHRUDQÕ  NXOODQÕODUDN]DPDQWDQÕPDODQÕQGDGR÷UXVDOROPD\DQKHVDS\|QWHPOHUL\OHIDUNOÕGHSUHP
JLUGLOHUL DOWÕQGD DQDOL] HGLOPLúWLU 8\JXODQDQ GHSUHPOHU øVWDQEXO¶GD EHNOHQHQ GHSUHPLQ NDUDNWHULVWLN
|]HOOLNOHULQH ELQDQÕQ EXOXQGX÷X VDKDQÕQ NRúXOODUÕQD YH ELQDQÕQ V|QPOHQPH RUDQÕQD J|UH VHoLOPLúWLU 6RQ
DúDPDGDELQD\DDLWKDVDUJ|UPHRODVÕOÕ÷ÕGD÷ÕOÕPÕ HOGHHGLOPLúWLU
Anahtar Kelimeler: <DSÕVDO'HSUHP0KHQGLVOL÷L

$%675$&7

(VWLPDWLQJ WKH GDPDJH VWDWHV RI VWUXFWXUHV DIWHU VHLVPLF HYHQWV SOD\V D FUXFLDO UROH for UHVLOLHQW FRPPXQLWLHV
Along WKLV OLQH SUREDELOLW\ of exceeding a prescribed damage state PD\ EH HVWDEOLVKHG Probability density
IXQFWLRQVIRUIDLOXUHSUREDELOLWLHV PD\EHHVWDEOLVKHGE\UXQQLQJDVHWRI)LQLWH(OHPHQW0RGHOV 2QWKHRWKHU
KDQG WKH UHDO G\QDPLF FKDUDFWHULVWLFV RI VWUXFWXUHV DUH QRW UHSUHVHQWHG LQ )LQLWH (OHPHQW 0RGHOV GXH WR
modelling assumptioQV 7KHUHIRUH it is important to obtain WKH DFWXDO G\QDPLF FKDUDFWHULVWLFV E\ V\VWHP
LGHQWLILFDWLRQWHFKQLTXHV
,QWKLVVWXG\LQRUGHUWRH[DPLQHIHDVLEOHVROXWLRQVWRSUREOHPVPHQWLRQHGDERYHDWZHQW\-VL[VWRU\FRUH-ZDOO
tall building in ,VWDQEXOZDVLQVWUXPHQWHGZLWK accelerometers and a GDWDUHFRUGHU A real-time monitoring ZHE-
EDVHG VRIWZDUH LV GHYHORSHG 7KLV VRIWZDUH GLVSOD\V WKH YLEUDWLRQ data recorded from WKH EXLOGLQJ is
JHQHUDWHG7KH finite element PRGHORIWKH tall building is constructed EDVHGWKHGHVLJQGUDZLQJV7KHPRGDO
IUHTXHQFLHV VKDSHV DQG GDPSLQJ UDWLRV RI WKH VWUXFWXUH DUH REWDLQHG WKURXJK V\VWHP LGHQWLILFDWLRQ UHVXOWV
$FFRUGLQJWRWKHVHG\QDPLFSURSHUWLHVWKHILQLWHHOHPHQWPRGHOLVXSGDWHGYLD0DWODEE\FKDQJLQJWKHIOH[XUDO
ULJLGLW\RIWKHVWUXFWXUHDQGVRLOVWLIIQHVV7KHXSGDWHGPRGHOZLWKWZRGLIIHUHQWYLVFRXVGDPSLQJUDWLRQDPHO\
WKHLGHQWLILHGGDPSLQJUDWLRRI DQGWKHcode based damping ratio of  is analyzed under different ground
PRWLRQVE\QRQOLQHDUWLPHKLVWRU\VLPXODWLRQV7KHJURXQGPRWLRQVDUHVHOHFWHGDFFRUGLQJWRWKHFKDUDFWHULVWLFV
RIWKHH[SHFWHGHDUWKTXDNHLQ,VWDQEXOWKHVLWHFRQGLWLRQVDQGWKHGDPSLQJUDWLRRIWKHVWUXFWXUH,QWKHODVWVWHS
SUREDELOLW\GHQVLW\IXQFWLRQRIIDLOXUHSUREDELOLWLHVDUHHVWDEOLVKHG
Keywords: 6WUXFWXUDO(DUWKTXDNH(QJLQHHULQJ

1
%R÷D]LoLhQLYHUVLWHVLøQúDDW)DNOWHVLøVWDQEXONRUNXWND\QDUGDJ#ERXQHGXWU
2
%R÷D]LoLhQLYHUVLWHVLøQúDDW)DNOWHVLøVWDQEXOVHUGDUVR\R]#ERXQHGXWU


*ø5øù

6RQ \ÕOODUGD \NVHN ELQDODU HNRQRPLQLQ YH SRSODV\RQXQ KÕ]OD DUWWÕ÷Õ \HUOHUGH VD÷ODGÕNODUÕ JHQLú
NRQDNODPD YH Lú \HUL DODQODUÕQGDQ GROD\Õ WHUFLK HGLOPHNWHGLUOHU 1RUPDO ELQDODUD NÕ\DVOD EX \DSÕODU
GDKD \R÷XQ RODUDN NXOODQÕOPDNWD YH EXQXQ VRQXFXQGD HNRQRPLN \|QGHQ GDKD ID]OD |QHP WHúNLO
HWPHNWHGLUOHU%X\]GHQ6DQ)UDQFLVFR7RN\RYH,VWDQEXOJLELsismik olarak aktif bölgelerde bu tarz
\DSÕODUÕQJYHQLOLUOL÷L depremlerden önce bLOLQPHOLGHSUHPVRQUDVÕKDVDUGXUXPODUÕ LVHKHPHQWHVSLW
HGLOHELOPHOLGLU %X JHUHNOLOLNOHUL VD÷ODPDN DPÕFÕ\OD ³7DOO %XLOGLQJ ,QLWLDWLYHV´ Sonlu Elemanlar
0RGHOOHULQGH 6(0  NXOODQÕODFDN GHSUHP ND\ÕWODUÕQÕQ PRGHOOHnPH \DNODúÕPODUÕQÕQ YH SHUIRUPDQV
kriterlHULQLQEHOOLUOHQPHVLLoLQWDVODNODUROXúWXUPD\DEDúODPÕúWÕU 0RHKOH 
<DSÕ6D÷OÕ÷Õø]OHPHWeknikleri WLWUHúLPGDWDODUÕQÕ]DPDQYH\DIUHNDQVX]D\ÕQGDDQDOL]HGLOPHVL
ile \DSÕODUÕQ GR÷DO WLWUHúLPOHU DOWÕQGD YH\D KHUKDQJL ELU GHSUHP VÕUDVÕQGD JHUoHN GLQDPLN
GDYUDQÕúODUÕQÕQ WDQÕPODQPDVÕQÕ VD÷ODU %|\OHFH EX WHNQLNOHU GL]D\Q YD\VD\ÕPODUÕQÕQ RQD\ODQPDVÕna
YH\D JHOLúWLULOPHVLne GL]D\Q DúDPDVÕQGD GDKD JYHQLOLU VRQXoODU YHUHELOHFHN RODQ 6(0¶OHULQ
ROXúWXUXOPDVÕna YHGHSUHPVRQUDVÕROXúDQKDVDUODUÕQEHOLUOHQPHVLQH|QHPOLNDWNÕODUVD÷ODPDNWDGÕU
dDOÕúPDODU J|VWHUPLúWLU NL 6(0¶OHUGHQ HOGH HGLOHQ GLQDPLN |]HOOLNOHU LOH WLWUHúLP GDWDODUÕQGDQ
HOGH HGLOHQ GLQDPLN |]HOOLNOHU IDUNOÕOÕNODU J|VWHUPHNWHGLU %X IDUNOÕOÕNODUÕQ WHPHO VHEHEL 6(0¶OHUGH
\DSÕODQ YDUVD\ÕPODUGÕU %X YDUVD\ÕPODU \DSÕODUGDNL EHOLUVL]OLNOHUGHQ ND\QDNODQPDNWDGÕU 6(0
*QFHOOHPH3URVHGUOHULVD\HVLQGHEXIDUNOÕOÕNODUPLQXPXPDLQGLULOHUELOLUYH\DSÕODUÕQGDKDJYHQLOLU
sismik SHUIRUPDQV GH÷HUOHQGLUPHOHUL GL]D\Q DúDPDVÕQGD PPNQ RODELOLU 6NROQLN HW DO  
6NROQLN HW DO   %URZQMRKQ HW DO ) 6(0¶OHULQ KDVDU J|UPú ELQDODUGDQ HOGH HGLOHQ
WLWUHúLP|OoPOHULQLQVRQXoODUÕLOHED÷GDúWÕUÕODUDNJQFHOOHQPHVLile bu SURVHGUOHUKDVDUWHVSLWLLoLQ de
NXOODQÕODELOLUOHU
%LQDODUÕQVLVPLNROD\ODUDWHSNLVLGH\DSÕVD÷OÕ÷ÕL]OHPHWHNQLNOHULLOHLQFHOHQHELOLU'DKD|QFHNL
oDOÕúPDODUGD GHSUHPOHU VÕUDVÕQGD ELQDODUGDQ WRSODQDQ LYPH GDWDODUÕ VRQXoODUÕQÕQ DQDOL] HGLOPHVL LOH
zemin-yDSÕ HWNLOHúLPL \DSÕQÕQ QRQ-lineeU GDYUDQÕúODUÕ \NVHN PRGODUÕQ WHWLNOHQPHVL YH \DSÕVDO
olmayan HOHPDQODUÕQ\DSÕVDOHOHPDQODUODHWNLOHúLPOHULKDNNÕQGD|QHPOL ELOJLOHUHOGHHGLOPLúWLU dHOHEL
HWDO  dHOHEL  .RKOHUHWDO  $\UÕFD\DSÕODUÕQVLVPLNSHUIRUPDQVGH÷HUOHQGLUPHOHUL
kat ötelenmesi oranlDUÕJ|]OHPOHQHUHNGH\DSÕOPÕúWÕU 1DHLP  dHOHELHWDO 
<DSÕ6D÷OÕ÷Õø]OHPHWHNQLNOHULQLQELUGL÷HU|QHPOLNDWNÕVÕ LVHELQDODUÕQVLVPLNWHSNLVLQH|QHPOi
ELU HWNLVL RODQ V|QPOHQPH RUDQODUÕQÕQ EXOXQPDVÕQÕ VD÷ODPDVÕGÕU 6RQ ]DPDQODUGD \NVHN \DSÕODUÕQ
SHUIRUPDQVÕQÕ EHOLUOHPHGH OLQHHU ROPD\DQ DQDOL]OHU NXOODQÕOPDNWDGÕU %X DQDOL]OHUGH HQHUMLnin bir
NÕVPÕ HOHPDQODUÕQ OLQHHU ROPD\DQ GDYUDQÕúODUÕ VÕUDVÕQGD ROXúDQ KLVWHUHWLN G|QJOHU VRQXFX
V|QPOHQPHNWH GL÷HU NÕVPÕ da viskoz söQPOHQPH VD\HVLQGH WNHWLOPHNWHGLU %X \]GHQ YLVNR]
V|QPOHQPH RUDQÕQÕQJHUoHNoLELUGH÷HULOH6(0¶GHWHPVLOHGLOPHVL|QHPOLGLU%XRUDQJHQHOOLNOH
VLVPLN NRGODUGDQ YH\D KD]ÕUODQDQ NODYX]ODUGDQ VHoLOLU )DNDW \DSÕODQ ELU oRN oDOÕúPD viskoz
V|QPOHQPHQLQ 6(0¶OHUGH QDVÕO PRGHOOHQPHVL JHUHNWL÷LQL DUDúWÕUPÕúNHQ YLVNR] V|QPOHQPH
RUDQÕQÕQVHoLOPHVL]HULQHID]ODoDOÕúPD\RNWXU *RHODWDO  6PLWKDWDO  YH7DPXUDDW
DO   WDUDIÕQGDQ JHUoHNOHúWLULOHQ DUDúWÕUPDODUGD oRN VD\ÕGD ELQDGDQ WRSODQDQ WLWUHúLP GDWDODUÕ
LúOHQHUHNEXELQDODUÕQV|QPOHQPHRUDQODUÕHOGHHGLOPLúWLU%LQDQÕQ\NVHOL÷LQHED÷OÕRODUDNGH÷LúHQ
V|QPOHQPHRUDQÕQÕJ|VWHUPHNLoLQ HOGHHGLOHQVRQXoODUDHQX\JXQH÷LOLPoL]JLOHUL\HUOHúWLULOPLúWLU

%XoDOÕúPDGDWDQÕPODQDQV|QPRUDQÕQÕQELQDQÕQSHUIRUPDQVÕQDHWNLVLQLLQFHOHPHNLoLQ\LUPL
DOWÕNDWOÕSHUGHGXYDUOÕELU\NVHN\DSÕLYPH|OoHUler YHGDWDWRSODPDFLKD]ÕLOHLQVWUPHQWHHGLOPLúWLU
%LQDQÕQ PRGDO |]HOOLNOHULQLQ WDQÕnlanPDVÕ )UHNDQV 8]D\ÕQD $\UÕúWÕUPD )8$  PHWRGX LOH
JHUoHNOHúWLULOPLúWLU %ULQFNHU HW DO  (OGH HGLOHQ PRGDO IUHNDQVODU YH úHNLOOHU GR÷UXOWXVXQGD
\DSÕQÕQ 6(0¶L JQFHOOHQPLúWLU 7DQÕPODQDQ YLVNR] V|QPOHQPH RUDQÕ ) ve yönetmeliklerin
|QHUGL÷L  V|QPOHQPH RUDQODUÕ NXOODQÕODUDN ROXúWXUXODQ JQFHOOHQPLú 6(0¶OHU ,VWDQEXO¶GD
EHNOHQHQ RODVÕ GHSUHPLQ |]HOOLNOHULQH J|UH VHoLOPLú GHSUHP ND\ÕWODUÕ NXOODQÕODUDN ]DPDQ WDQÕP
DUDOÕ÷ÕQGD GR÷UXVDO ROPD\DQ KHVDS \|QWHPOHUL LOH DQDOL] HGLOPLúWLU $QDOL]OHU VRQXFXQGD ELQDQÕn
JYHQLOLUOL÷L KHVDSODQPÕúWÕU 6RQXoODU J|VWHUPLúWLU NL \NVHN ELQDODUÕQ VLVPLN SHUIRUPDQV
GH÷HUOHQGLUPHOHULQGHYLVNR]V|QPOHQPHRUDQÕQÕQGR÷UXWHPVLOHGLOPHVL|QHPOLGLU


%ø1$%ø/*ø6ø

%X oDOÕúPDGD LQFHOHQ \DSÕ øVWDQEXO¶XQ ILQDQVDO PHUNH]LQGH \HU DODQ ELU NRPSOHNVLQ G|UW \NVHN
ELQDVÕQGDQ ELULGLU øQFHOHQHQ \DSÕ LON NDWODUÕQGD E\N ELU DOÕúYHULú PHUNH]L YH RWRSDUN DODQODUÕ LOH
oHYUHOHQPLúWLU %X \]GHQ \DSÕ ]HPLQ DOÕúYHULú PHUNH]L YH NRQXW DODQÕ NÕVÕPODUÕ RODUDN o E|OPH
D\UÕOPDNWDGÕU .RQXW DODQODUÕ DOÕúYHULú PHUNH]L NÕVPÕQGDQ VRQUDNL NDWODUÕ NDSVDPDNWDGÕU <NVHN
ELQDQÕQ \DSÕ VLVWHPL EHWRUQHUPH ROXS PHUNH]LQGH LNL WDQH SHUGH GXYDU YH oHYUHVLQGH GH NRORQODU
EXOXQGXUPDNWDGÕU <DSÕQÕQ SODQÕ YH NDWODUÕQ \NVHNOL÷L NRQXW DODQÕ NÕVPÕQGD D\QÕGÕU IDNDW DOÕúYHULú
PHUNH]LYH]HPLQNDWODUÕQGDIDUNOÕOÕNODUJ|VWHUPHNWHGLU
6RQOX(OHPDQODU0RGHOL¶QLQ ve bLQDQGDQJHoLFLRODUDNWRSODQDQWLWUHúLPND\ÕWODUÕQÕQVRQXoODUÕQD
göre \DSÕODQ analizlerden sonra -¶LQFL ’LQFL ¶LQFL ¶LQFL ¶LQFL YH ¶ÕQFÕ NDWODUD Vensörlerin
\HUOHúWLULOPHVLQH NDUDU YHULOPLúWLU 6HQV|UOHU KHU NDWD \DQDO \HU GH÷LúWLUPH\L |OoPHN LoLQ [ YH \
GR÷UXOWXODUÕQGD \DSÕQÕQ PHUNH]LQH \DNÕQ NRQXPODUD \HUOHúWLULOPLúWLU (Q VW NDWWD ELQDQÕQ ENOPH
PRGXQX J|]OHPOHPHN LoLQ \DNODúÕN RODUDN PHUNH]GHQ  PHWUH X]DNOÕNWD \ \|QQGH ELU VHQV|U GDKD
\HUOHúWLULOPLúWLUResim 1 ELQDQÕQ NDWSODQODUÕQÕYHVHQV|UOHULQNRQXPODUÕQÕJ|VWHUPHNWHGLU

Resim 16HQV|USODQÕ
6ø67(07$1,0/$10$6,

%XoDOÕúPDGDPRGDOIUHNDQVODUÕQYHúHNLOOHULQWDQÕPODQPDVÕLoLQ]DPDQX]D\ÕQGDNLWLWUHúLPGDWDVÕQÕ
IUHNDQVX]D\ÕQDG|QúWUHQ)UHNDQV8]D\ÕQD$\UÕúWÕUPD )8$ PHWRGXNXOODQÕOPÕúWÕU%XPHWRGinput
JHUHNWLUPHGL÷LQGHQ YH ELUELULQH \DNÕQ PRGODUÕ WDQÕPOD\DODELOGL÷LQGHQ VLVWHP WDQÕPODPD
oDOÕúPDODUÕQGDNXOODQÕODQSRSXOHUELUPHWRWGXU
Resim 2 ]DPDQWDQÕPDUDOÕ÷ÕQGDELQDQÕQ¶LQFLYH¶ÕQFÕNDWODUÕQGDQD\QÕDQGDDOÕQDQWLWUHúLP
GDWDVÕQÕJ|VWHULUNHQ 5HVLPLVHVSHFWUDOJo\R÷XQOX÷X-frekans gUDIL÷LQLJ|VWHUPHNWHGLU5HVLP’te
EXOXQDQJUDILNWHNLWHSHOHUELQDQÕQPRGODUÕQÕJ|VWHUPHNWHGLU%LQDQÕQLONG|UWPRGX[GR÷UXOWXGDVÕUDVÕ
LOHYH+]RODUDNWDQÕPODQPÕúWÕU


Resim 2¶LQFLYH¶ÕQFÕNDWWDQD\QÕDQGDDOÕQDQ]DPDQX]D\ÕQGDNLWLWUHúLPGDWDODUÕ

Resim 37DQÕPODQDQPRGDOIUHNDQVODU

6SHFWUDO Jo \R÷XQOX÷X-IUHNDQV JUDIL÷L HOGH HGLOGLNWHQ VRQUD ELQDQÕQ V|QPOHQPH RUDQÕQÕQ
WDQÕPODQPDVÕ JHUoHNOHúWLULOPLúWLU %XQXQLoLQimpals \DQÕWÕIRNVL\RQX ELQDQÕQLON PRGXQXQ IUHNDQV
X]D\ÕQGDNL WHSNLVLQL ]DPDQ X]D\ÕQD oHYLUHUHN ROXúWXUXOPXúWXU %X IRNVL\RQXQ VWVHO GúúQQ
VHYL\HVL\DSÕQÕQV|QPOHQPHRUDQÕQÕYHUPHNWHGLU

621/8(/(0$1/$502'(/ø

<DSÕQÕQ 6RQOX (ODPDQODU 0RGHO¶L 6(0  GL]D\Q oL]LPOHUL NXOODQÕODUDN 6$3 SURJUDPÕQGD
KD]ÕUODQPÕúWÕU %LQD oHYUHVLQGH EXOXQDQ NRPSOLNH \DSÕ\OD ELUOLNWH PRGHOOHQPLúWLU .RORQODU SHUGH
GXYDUODUNLULúOHUoXEXNHOHPDQNXOODQÕODUDNG|úHPHOHULVHNDEXNHOHPDQNXOODQÕODUDNPRGHOOHQPLúWLU
Perde duvar – oHUoHYH\DSÕQÕQHNWLOHúLPLQLQER]XOPDPDVÕLoLQGL\DIUDPODUNXOODQÕOPDPÕúWÕU%LQDQÕQ
ELU N|úHVLQGH EXOXQDQ WRSUDN SHUGH YH GL÷HU N|úHOHULQGH EXOXQDQ GHU]OHU PRGHOOHQPLúWLU =HPLQLQ
WRSUDN SHUGH DUDFÕOÕ÷Õ LOH VD÷ODGÕ÷Õ ULMLWOL÷L PRGHOGH WHPVLO HWPHN LoLQ \D\ODU NXOODQÕOPÕúWÕU $\UÕFD
temel-]HPLQ ED÷ODQWÕVÕQÕ GD WHPVLO HWPHN LoLQ \LQH \D\ODU NXOODQÕOPÕúWÕU %X \D\ODUÕQ GH÷HUOHUL
%RXVVLQHVT 7HRUHPL LOH KHVDSODQPÕúWÕU <DSÕGD NXOODQÕODQ & EHWRQXQXQ HODVWLVH PRGO LVH 7UN
'HSUHP<|QHWPHOL÷L¶QH 7'< J|UHKHVDSODQPÕúWÕU5HVLP ELQDQÕQ6(0¶LQLJ|VWHUPHNWHGLU


Resim Sonlu elemanlar PRGHOL

621/8(/(0$1/$502'(/ø1ø1*h1&(//(10(6ø

6RQOX(OHPDQODU0RGHOLWDQÕPODQDQve analitik modelden elde edilen modal GH÷HUOHUDUDVÕQGDNLIDUNÕ


PLQLPL]HHWPHNLoLQROXúWXUXOPXúWXU%XPLQLPizasyonu JHUoHNOHúWLUPHNLoLQ LONROXúWXUXODQ6RQOX
(OHPDQODU 0RGHOL’nin belirlenen \DSÕVDO |]HOOLNOHULni SDUDPHWUHOHULni  GH÷LúWLUHUHN RWRPDWLN RODUDN
JQFHOOH\HFHNYHROXúDQKer yeni modelin PRGDOGH÷HUOHULQLYHUHFHNELU0$7/$%NRGX\D]ÕOPÕúWÕU
%XQXnOD EHUDEHU EX NRG GH÷LúWLULOHQ SDUDPHWUHOHULQ HQ L\L NRPELQDV\RQX EXOPDN LoLQ 6RQOX
(OHPDQODU0RGHOLLOHHOGHHGLOHQPRGDOGH÷HUOHULWDQÕPODQDQ PRGDOGH÷HUOHULOHELUKDWDIRQNViyonu
kullanarak NÕ\DVODU %X oDOÕúPD LoLQ o IDUNOÕ JQFHOOHPH SDUDPHWUHVL YH EX o SDUDPHWUHQLQ 
IDUNOÕNRPELQDV\RQXNXOODQÕOGÕ+HUELU  IDUNOÕkombinasyonXQPRGDOGH÷HUOHULWDQÕPODQDQPRGDl
GH÷HUOHU ile NDUúÕODúWÕUÕOGÕ %DúND bir GH\LúOH \DSÕQÕQ 6(0¶LQH VLVWHP WDQÕPODPD VRQXFXQGD elde
HGLOHQ PRGDO úHNLOOHUL YH IUHNDQVODUÕ HQ L\L úHNLOGH WHPVLO HWPHVL DPDFÕ\OD 6RQOX (OHPDQODU 0RGHOL
*QFHOOHúWLUPH3URVHGUX\JXODQGÕ%XDPDoLoLQ VLPODV\RQYHVLVWHPWDQÕPODPD VLVWHPVRQXoODUÕ
DUDVÕQGDNLKDWD\Õ |OoHQDenklem 1 JHOLúWLULOPLúWLU

2
൫݂݅‫ כ‬െ݂ ݅ ൯
‫ = ܧ‬σ ቆ݇݅ ή ൤ ݂݅‫כ‬
൨ + ݄݅ ή [1 െ ‫] ݅ܥܣܯ‬2 ቇ 

LPRGQXPDUDVÕ
݇݅ : ݅ ‫ ݄ݐ‬PRGDOIUHNDQVLoLQWDUWPDNDWVD\ÕVÕ
݄݅ : ݅ ‫ ݄ݐ‬PRGDOJYHQFHLoLQWDUWPDNDWVD\ÕVÕ
‫כ‬
݂݅ : ݅ ‫ ݄ݐ‬PRGXQ|OoOPúPRGDNIUHNDQVÕ
݂݅ : ݅ ‫ ݄ݐ‬PRGXQVLPOHHGLOPLúPRGDOIUHNDQVÕ
‫ ݅ܥܣܯ‬: ݅ ‫ ݄ݐ‬PRGDOúHNLOLoLQPRGJYHQFHNULWHUL


%X KDWD IRQNVL\RQX fDUNOÕ PRGODUÕQ NDWNÕVÕQÕ o moda denk gelen uygun bir D÷ÕUOÕN NDWVD\ÕVÕ LOH
KHVDEDNDWDU%LUEDúNDGH\LúOHLONPRGODU\DSÕQÕQGLQDPLNGDYUDQÕúÕQGDGDKDE\NELUHWNL\HVDKLS
ROGXNODUÕQGDQGROD\Õ EXPRGODUÕX\JXQELUúHNLOGHJQFHOOHPHSURVHGUQGHWHPVil etmek önemlidir
%XQD NDUúÕOÕN \NVHN PRGODUÕQ \NVHN ELQDODUÕQ GLQDPLN NDUDNWHULVWLNOHUL ]HULQGH LKPDO
HGLOHPH\HFHNHWNLOHULROGX÷XELOLQHQELUJHUoHNWLU6LVWHPWDQÕPODPDGDQHOGHHGLOHQPRGúHNLOOHULLOH
VLPODV\RQGDQHOGHHGLOHQOHUDUDVÕQGDNLLOLúNi ise PRGJYHQFHNULWHUL PRGDODVVXUDQFHFULWHULD0$&
) elde ediOHUHNEXOXQDELOLU6RQXoRODUDNKDWDIRQNVL\RQXELULQFLLNLQFLYHoQFPRGIUHNDQVODUÕYH
úHNLOOHULLoLQVÕUDVÕ\ODNDWVD\ÕODUÕLOHJHOLúWLULOPLúWLU%XNDWVD\ÕODUWHPVLOHWWLNOHUL
PRGODUÕQ6(0¶GHQHOGHHGLOHQNDWNÕIDNW|UQHJ|UHEHOLUOHQPLúWLU
S(0¶GH GH÷LúHFHN SDUDPHWUHOHU ERGUXP SHUGHGH EXOXQDQ \DWD\ \D\ODU ]HPLQGH EXOXQDQ GúH\
\D\ODU YH ELQDQÕQ ULMLWOL÷LQL WHPVLO HGHQ H÷LOPH ULMLWOL÷L RODUDN EHOLUOHQPLúWLU <D\ODU ]HPLQLQ
ULMLWOL÷LQGHNLEHOLUVL]OL÷L WHPVLOHGL\RUNHQH÷LOPH ULMLWOL÷LLVHELQDQÕQJHQHOULMLWOL÷LQLWHPVLOHWPHNWHGLU
%LQDQÕQ JHQHO ULMLWOL÷L ELQDQÕQ NWOHVLQGHNL EHWRQXQ HODVWLVLWH PGOQGHNL HOHPDQ ED÷ODQWÕ
QRNWDODUÕQÕQ ULMLWOLNOHULQGHNL YH \DSÕVDO ROPD\DQ HOHPDQODUÕQ \DSÕVDO HOHPDQODUOD HWNLOHúLPLPGHNL
EHOLUVL]OLNOHU\]QGHQNHVLQRODUDNKHVDSODQDPDGÕ÷ÕQGDQ\DSÕODUÕQ6(0¶OHULQGHJYHQLOLUELUúHNLOGH
WHPVLOHGLOHPHPHNWHGLU%X\]GHQELQDQÕQULMLWOL÷LJQFHOOHQHQELUSDUDPHWUHRODUDNVHoLOPLúWLU
0DWODE NRGX NXOODQÕODUDN \DSÕODQ JQFHOOHPH VRQXFX \DWD\ YH GúH\ RODUDN EXOXQDQ \D\ODU ve
ELQDQÕQ H÷LOPH ULMLWOL÷L VÕUDVÕ LOH    NDWÕQD oÕNDUÕOPÕúWÕU %X RUDQODU J|VWHUL\RU NL ]HPLQLQ
VD÷ODGÕ÷ÕULMLtlik ve binanÕQJHQHOULMLWOL÷L JHUoHNWHKHVDSODQDQGH÷HUOHUGHQGDKDID]ODGÕU
7DEOR  WDQÕPODQDQ PRGDO IUHNDQVODU LOH JQFHOOHQPLú YH JQFHOOHQPHPLú 6(0¶OHULQ PRGDO
IUHNDQVODUÕQÕ J|VWHUPHNWHGLU 5HVLP  LVH WDQÕPODQDQ PRGDO úHNLOOHU LOH JQFHOOHQPLú YH
JQFHOOHQPHPLú6(0¶OHULQPRGDOúHNLOOHULQLJ|VWHUPHNWHGLU*|UOG÷JLELJQFHOOHPHVRQXFXHOGH
HGLOHQPRGDOSDUDPHWUHOHUJHUoHNGH÷HUOHULQH\DNODúPÕúODUGÕU

7DEOR7DQÕPODQDQJQFHOOHQPLúYHJQFHOOHQPHPLú6(0¶HULQPRGDOIUHNDQVODUÕ

0RG )UHNDQVODU
1XPDUDVÕ 6LVWHP7DQÕPODPD *QFHOOHQPLú6(0 *QFHOOHQPHPLú6(0
1   
2   
3   


Resim  TDQÕPODQDQPRGDOúHNLOOHULOHJQFHOOHQPLúYHJQFHOOHQPHPLú6(0¶OHULQPRGDOúHNLOOHUL

'(35(0.$<',6(dø/0(6ø9('2ö586$/2/0$<$1 621/8(/(0$1/$5
02'(/ø

=DPDQWDQÕPDUDOÕ÷ÕQGD GR÷UXVDOROPD\DQ DQDOL]OHUVRQXFXELQDQÕQSHUIRUPDQVÕQÕEHOLUOHPHNLoLQRQ


WDQHGHSUHPND\GÕLNL\|QOELUOHúHQOHULLOHELUOLNWHVHoLOPLúWLU'HSUHPOHULQKHGHIVSHNWUXPXøVWDQEXO
%\NúHKLU %HOHGL\HVL WDUDIÕQGDQ KD]ÕUODQDQ YH øVWDQEXO¶XQ E|OJHOHULQGH  VDQL\H YH  VDQL\H
spekWUDOSHUL\RGDGHQNJHOHQVSHFWUDOLYPHOHULQGH÷HUOHULNXOODQÕODUDNROXúWXUXODQ$6&(-13 Dizayn
7DEDQOÕ 'H÷LúPH\HQ 5LVN 6SHFWUXPX LOH KD]ÕUODQPÕúWÕU 6HoLOHQ GHSUHPOHULQ VSHFWUXPODUÕQÕQ
RUWDODPDVÕ ELQDQÕQ WHPHO SHUL\RGXQXQ  YH  NDWODUÕ DUDVÕQGDNL GH÷HUOHULQGH KD]ÕUODQDQ KHGHI
VSHFWUXPXQ ]HULQGH NDODFDN úHNLOGH VHoLOPLúWLU 5HVLP  GHSUHPOHULQ VSHFWUXPODUÕQÕ RQODUÕQ
RUWDODPDODUÕQÕ YH KHGHI VSHFWUXPX J|VWHUPHNWHGLU 6HoLOHQ GHSUHPOHULQ NDUDNWHULVWLN |]HOOLNOHUL LVH
øVWDQEXO¶GDEHNOHQHQGHSUHPLQNDUDNWHULVWLN|]HOOLNOHULQHJ|UHVHoLOPLúWLU%X |]HOOLNOHUID\GDQ-
kilometre uzaklÕN yanal aWÕPOÕ ID\ PHNDQL]PDVÕ YH - 0RPHQW E\NO÷ olarak önceki
oDOÕúPDODUGD KHVDSODQPÕúWÕU 5HVLP  ELQDQÕQ NRQXPXQX YH .X]H\ $QDGROX )D\ +DWWÕ¶QÕQ0DUPDUD
NROXQXJ|VWHUPHNWHGLU7DEORLVHVHoLOHQGHSUHPOHUKDNNÕQGDGHWD\OÕELOJLYHUPHNWHGLU

5HVLP6HoLOHQGHSUHPOHULQVSHNWUXPODUÕRQODUÕQRUWDODPDODUÕQÕYHKHGHIVSHNWUXP

5HVLP%LQDQÕQYHID\KDWWÕQÕQORNDV\RQODUÕ


7DEOR 6HoLOHQGHSUHPND\ÕWODUÕQÕQ|]HOOLNOHUL
,' øVLPøVWDV\RQ<ÕO 0HVDIH 3*$ 0RPHQW gOoHN 0HNDQL]PD
NP %\NON 2UDQÕ
1 +HFWRU0LQH$PER\     <DQDODWÕPOÕ
2 /DQGHUV  ,QGLR - Jackson Road    2 <DQDODWÕPOÕ

3 (O0D\RU(O&HQWUR- Imperial &     <DQDODWÕPOÕ
5RVV
 'X]FH%ROX  1  1 <DQDODWÕPOÕ
 .RFDHOL'X]FH    1 <DQDODWÕPOÕ
 1RUWKULGJH  &DVWDLF-Old Ridge    1 7HUVDWÕPOÕ
5RXWH
 'DUILHOG 1HZ =HDODQG  .DLDSRL     <DQDODWÕPOÕ
1RUWK6FKRRO
 'DUILHOG 1HZ =HDODQG  3DJHV     <DQDODWÕPOÕ
5RDG3XPSLQJ6WDWLRQ
9 'DUILHOG 1HZ =HDODQG      <DQDODWÕPOÕ
&KULVWFKXUFK5HVWKDYHQ
 'DUILHOG63)6     <DQDODWÕPOÕ

6ø60ø.3(5)250$16'(ö(5/(1'ø50(6ø9(*h9(1ø/ø5/ø.7$+0ø1ø

7DQÕPODQDQ V|QPOHPH RUDQÕQÕQ ELQDQÕQ SHUIRUPDQVÕQD HNWLVLQL J|VWHUHELOPHN LoLQ D\QÕ V|QP
RUDQÕQD   VDKLS JQFHOOHQPLú YH JQFHOOHQPHPLú 6RQOX (OHPDQODU 0RGHO¶OHULnin ]DPDQ WDQÕP
DODQÕQGDGR÷UXVDOROPD\DQ analizleri JHUoHNOHúWLULOPLúWLU$QDOL]OHUVRQXFX YH V|QPOHQPH
RUDQODUÕQDVDKLS6(0¶OHULQRUWDODPDNDW|WHOHQPHOHULHOGHHGLOPLúWLU .DW|WHOHQPHOHULELQDODUÕQKDVDU
GH÷HUOHULQLEHOLUOH\HQHQL\LJ|VWHUJHOHUGHQGLU Resim  gösteriyor NL VLVWHPWDQÕPODmadan elde edilen
V|QP RUDQÕ NXOODQÕODUDN ROXúWXUXODQ JQFHOOHQPLú PRGHOLQ RUWDODPD NDW |WHOHQPHOHULQLQ GH÷HUOHUL
yönetmeliklerce önerilen V|QPOHQPH RUDQÕ  NXOODQÕODUDN ROXúWXUXODQ JQFHOOHQPLú PRGHOGHQ
ID]ODGÕU 5HVLP 9  YH viskoz V|QPOHQPH RUDQÕ NXOODQÕODUDN ROXúWXUXODQ JQFHOOHQPLú 6RQOX
(OHPDQODU 0RGHO¶OHULQLQ KHU ELU GHSUHP VLPODV\RQX VRQXFX HOGH HGLOHQ NDW |WHOHQPHOHUL LoLQ
ROXúWXUXOPXúRODVÕOÕNGD÷ÕOÕPÕQÕJ|VWHUPHNWHGLUNDW|WHOHQPHVLQLQ YLVNR]V|QPRUDQÕQDVDKLS
PRGHOGH DúÕOPD RODVÕOÕ÷Õ  LNHQ   YLVNR] V|QP RUDQÕQD VDKLS PRGHOGH DúÕOPD RODVÕOÕ÷Õ
¶GXU  NDW |WHOHQPHVL 7UN 'HSUHP <|QHWPHOL÷LQGH 0LQLPXP +DVDU %|OJHVL LOH %HOLUJLQ
+DVDU %|OJHVL DUDVÕQGDNL VÕQÕU GH÷HUGLU  %X RUDQÕQ DúÕOPDVÕ EX ELQD LoLQ GúNWU )DNDW \NVHN
ELQDODUGD KDVDU VÕQÕUODUÕ PLQLPXP G]H\GH WXWXOPDN LVWHQPHNWHGLU %LQD VDKLEL \DSÕVÕQÕQ GHSUHP
VRQUDVÕ KHPHQ NXOODQÕODELOLUOL÷L  YH \DSÕVDO ROPD\DQ HOHPDQODUGDQ ND\QDNODQDQKDVDUÕQGD PLQXPXP
ROPDVÕQÕWDOHSHGHELOLU'úNKDVDUVÕQÕUODUÕQGDNLRODVÕOÕ÷ÕNÕ\DVODPDNLoLQ NDW|WHOHQPHVLQHúLN
GH÷HU RODUDN DOÕQPÕúWÕU %X GH÷HULQ  YLVNR] V|QPOHQPH RUDQÕQD VDKLS PRGHOGH DúÕOPD RODVÕOÕ÷Õ
LNHQ YLVNR]V|QPOHQPHRUDQÕQDVDKLSPRGHOGHDúÕúPDRODVÕOÕ÷Õ µWU5HVLP ise 9
QROX GHSUHP DOWÕQ D  YH  YL]NR] V|QPOHQPH RUDQODUÕQD VDKLS JQFHOOHQPLú 6RQOX (OHPDQODU
0RGHO¶OHULQLQKDVDUGXUXPODUÕQÕJ|VWHUPHNWHGLU


5HVLPYH viskoz V|QPRUDQÕQDVDKLSJQFHOOHQHQ6RQOX(OHPDQODU0RGHO¶OHULQLQRUWDODPD
kat ötelenmeleri

5HVLPYHYLVNR] V|QPRUDQÕQDVDKLSJQFHOOHQHQ6RQOX(OHPDQODU0RGHO¶OHULNXOODQÕODUDN
ROXúWXUXODQ*YHQLOLUOLN(÷ULOHUL

5HVLPQROXGHSUHPDOWÕQGDYH V|QPRUDQÕQDVDKLSJQFHOOHQHQ6RQOX(OHPDQODU
0RGHO¶OHULQLQKDVDUGXUXPODUÕ


6ø60ø.3(5)250$16'(ö(5/(1'ø50(6ø9(*h9(1ø/ø5/ø.7$+0ø1ø

6RQXoODUJ|VWHUPLúWLUNL\NVHNELQDODULoLQYLVNR] V|QPOHPHRUDQÕQÕQGR÷UXúHNLOGHWDQÕPODQPDVÕ
YH 6RQOX (OHPDQODU 0RGHO¶OHULQGH NXOODQÕOPDVÕ  EX \DSÕODUÕQ GHSUHP DOWÕQGD SHUIRUPDQVODUÕQÕQ YH
GROD\ÕVÕ\OD GD JYHQLOHELOLUOLNOHULQLQ GDKD JHUoHNoL ELU úHNLOGH EHOLUOHQPHVLQH |QHPNL NDWNÕ
VD÷ODPDNWDGÕU

&A1/,'$7$ø=/(0(02'h/h

'DWDODUÕ FDQOÕ RODUDN J|]OHPOHPHN DPDFÕ LOH ELQDGDQ DOÕQDQ WLWUHúLP GDWDODUÕQÕ J|VWHUHQ PRGO
DUDúWÕUPD JUXEXQXQ LQWHUQHW VLWHVLQH ZZZVKPFHERXQHGXWU  \HUOHúWLULOPLúWLU  %X PRGO 3+3 YH
-DYDVFULSWGLOOHULNXOODQÕODUDOROXúWXUuOPXúWXU5HVLPEXPRGOQUHVPLQLJ|VWHUPHNWHGLU

Resim 12&DQOÕWLWUHúLPGDWDVÕL]OHPH0RGO

7(ù(..h5

%X SURMH %R÷D]LoL 8QLYHUVLWHVL %LOLPVHO $UDúWÕUPD 3RMHOHUL 0DOL .RRUGLQDW|UO÷ WDUDIÕQGDQ
GHVWHNOHQPLúWLU %$3 


.$<1$./$5

0RHKOH -3  7KH7DOO%XLOGLQJ,QLWLDWLYH)RU$OWHUQDWLYH6HLVPLF'HVLJQ The Structural Design Of Tall


And Special Buildings-
'RHEOLQJ6:)DUUDU&53ULPH0%DQG6KHYLW]':  “'DPDJH,GHQWLILFDWLRQ$QG+HDOWK0RQLWRULQJ
Of Structural $QG0HFKDQLFDO6\VWHPV)URP&KDQJHV,Q7KHLU9LEUDWLRQ&KDUDFWHULVWLFV$/LWHUDWXUH5HYLHZ
/RV$ODPRV1DWLRQDO/DERUDWRU\5HSRUW´/D--0V
6RKQ + )DUUDU & 5  +HPH] ) 0  6KXQN ' 6WLQHPDWHV ' : 1DGOHU % 5 &]DUQHFNL -   “$ 5HYLHZ
Structural +HDOWK0RQLWRULQJ/LWHUDWXUH-/RV$ODPRV1DWLRQDO/DERUDWRU\5HSRUW´/D--0V
%HFN-/$QG-HQQLQJV3&  “6WUXFWXUDO,GHQWLILFDWLRQ8VLQJ/LQHDU0RGHOV$QG
*KDQHP 5 $QG 6KLQR]XND 0   “Structural System Identification´ Journal of Mechanics    -

&HOHEL06DQOL$6LQFODLU0*DOODQW6$QG5DGXOHVFX'  “Real-7LPH6HLVPLF0RQLWRULQJ1HHGV2I$
%XLOGLQJ2ZQHU$QG7KH6ROXWLRQ$&RRSHUDWLYH(IIRUW´(DUWKTXDNH6SHFWUD   : 333-
1DHLP )   “3HUIRUPDQFH RI  ([WHQVLYHO\-,QVWUXPHQWHG %XLOGLQJV GXULQJ WKH  1RUWKULGJH
(DUWKTXDNH´The Structural Design Of Tall Buildings-
6NROQLN'/HL<<X($QG:DOODFH-:  “,GHQWLILFDWLRQ0RGHO8SGDWLQJ$QG5HVSRQVH3UHGLFWLRQ2I
An ,QVWUXPHQWHG-Story Steel-)UDPH%XLOGLQJ´Earthquake Spectra  –

0RDYHQL%&RQWH-3$QG+HPH])0  “8QFHUWDLQW\$QG6HQVLWLYLW\$QDO\VLV2I'DPDJH,GHQWLILFDWLRQ


5HVXOWV 2EWDLQHG 8VLQJ )LQLWH (OHPHQW 0RGHO 8SGDWLQJ´ Computer-Aided Civil And Infrastructure
Engineering-
%URZQMRKQ - 0 : 3DQ 7 & $QG 'HQJ ; <   “&RUUHODWLQJ '\QDPLF &KDUDFWHULVWLFV )URP )LHOG
0HDVXUHPHQWV $QG 1XPHULFDO $QDO\VLV 2I $ +LJK-5LVH %XLOGLQJ´ Earthquake Engineering And Structural
Dynamics-
%ULQFNHU 5 =KDQJ / DQG $QGHUVHQ 3   “0RGDO ,GHQWLILFDWLRQ 2I 2XWSXW-2QO\ 6\VWHPV 8VLQJ
5HKDELOLWDWLRQ2I&LYLO6WUXFWXUHV´6HSWHPEHU-,VWDQEXO7XUNH\
3HHU$WF-7DVN5HSRUWIRUWKH7DOO%XLOGLQJV,QLWLDWLYH0RGHOOLQJ $QG$FFHSWDQFH&ULWHULD)RU6HLVPLF
'HVLJQ$QG$QDO\VLV2I7DOO%XLOGLQJV&DOLIRUQLD86$
6PLWK 5 0HUHOOR 5 DQG :LOOIRUG 0   “,QWULQVLF $QG 6XSSOHPHQWDU\ 'DPSLQJ ,Q 7DOO %XLOGLQJV´
Structures And Buildings-
+DOO - )   “PrREOHPV (QFRXQWHUHG )URP WKH 8VH 2U 0LVXVH  2I 5D\OHLJK 'DPSLQJ´ Earthquake
Engineering and Structural Dynamics  -
6WDNH16XGD.$UDNDZD76DVDNL$DQG7DPXUD<  “'DPSLQJ(YDOXDWLRQ8VLQJ)XOO-Scale Data of
%XLOGLQJVLQ-DSDQ´Journal of Structural Engineering  -
3HHU6WURQJ0RWLRQ'DWDEDVH:HE$SSOLFDWLRQ1JD-:HVW3URMHFW  7KH3DFLILF(DUWKTXDNH(QJLQHHULQJ
5HVHDUFK&HQWHU$QG7KH8QLYHUVLW\2I&DOLIRUQLD
$VFH6HL -13 “Seismic Evaluation and Retrofit oI ([LVWLQJ %XLOGLQJV´ -  American Society Of Civil
Engineers
,VWDQEXO 0HWURSROLWDQ 0XQLFLSDOLW\ :HEVLWH +WWS:ZZ,EE*RY7U 7U6XEVLWHV
'HSUHPVLWH3DJHV$YUXSD\DNDVLJXQH\LPLNUREROJHOHPHSURMHVL$VS[
7UN'HSUHP<|QHWPHOL÷L$QNDUD



Sekizinci Ulusal Deprem Mühendisliği Konferansı, 11 Mayıs-15 Mayıs, 2015, İstanbul
Eighth National Conference on Earthquake Engineering, 11May-15 May 2015, Istanbul, Turkey

<h.6(.%ø1$/$5'$8=$.'(35(0/(5'(1$/,1$17ø75(ùø0
.$<,7/$5,9(g=(//ø./(5ø
(UGDOùDIDN 1

g=(7
'HSUHPGDOJDODUÕQÕQJHQOLNOHULX]DNOÕNODWHUVRUDQWÕOÕRODUDND]DOÕU*HQHORODUDNVWDQGDUWELU\DSÕGD |UQH÷LQ-
NDWOÕDSDUWPDQELQDVÕ -NPX]DNOÕNWDNLELUGHSUHPLQHWNLVLoRNKLVVHGLOPH])DNDWEXGXUXP\NVHN
\DSÕODU LoLQ JHoHUOL GH÷LOGLU 6RQ \ÕOODUGD J|NGHOHQ WLSL ELQDODUGDQ DOÕQDQ GDWDODU EX WLS ELQDODUÕQ oRN X]DNWDNL
GHSUHPOHUGHQGHHWNLOHQHELOHFH÷LQLJ|VWHUPLúWLU%XQXQVHEHELX]XQSHUL\RWOXGHSUHP GDOJDODUÕID]OD V|QPH
X÷UDPDGDQ oRN X]DN PHVDIHOHUH JLGHELOLU YH X]XQ SHUL\RWOX \DSÕODUGD UH]RQDQV WLWUHúLPOHUH VHEHS RODELOLU
0HYFXWúDUWQDPHOHUGHNL\HUKDUHNHWLELOJLOHULYHSUDWLNWHNXOODQÕODQD]DOÕPLOLúNLOHULX]XQSHUL\RWODULoLQJYHQLOLU
GH÷LOGLU%XPDNDOHGHX]DNWDNLGHSUHPOHULQ\NVHNNDWOÕELQDODUGD\DUDWWÕ÷ÕWLWUHúLPOHULoLQLNL|UQHNYHULOPLúWLU
øON|UQHNWH$EX'KDEL¶GHNLNDWOÕELU\NVHN\DSÕYH\DSÕQÕQNPX]DNOÕNWDYHE\NO÷QGHNLELU
GHSUHPGHQDOÕQDQND\ÕWODUÕLQFHOHQPLúWLUøNLQFL|UQHNWHLVHøVWDQEXO¶GDNLNDWOÕELU\NVHN\DSÕYH\DSÕQÕQ
NPX]DNOÕNWDYHE\NO÷QGHNLELUGHSUHPGHQDOÕQDQND\ÕWODUÕLQFHOHQPLúWLU.D\ÕWODUÕQHQE\N|]HOOL÷L
KHULNLELQDGDGDGHSUHPGHQROXúDQWLWUHúLPOHULQoRNX]XQVUH GDNLNDGDQID]OD GHYDPHWPHVLGLU7LWUHúLP
ND\ÕWODUÕ KHU LNL ELQDGD GD V|QP RUDQODUÕQÕQ oRN GúN ROGX÷XQX  LQ DOWÕQGD  J|VWHUPLúWLU +HU QH NDGDU
GHSUHPOHULQROXúWXUGX÷X\NYHGHSODVPDQODU\DSÕODUÕQJYHQOL÷LDoÕVÕQGDQWHKOLNHOLGH÷LOGL\VHGHVDOÕQÕPODUÕQ
oRNX]XQVUPHVLELQDRWXUDQODUÕDUDVÕQGDSDQLN\DUDWPÕúYH\DUDODQPDODUDVHEHSROPXúWXU

$QDKWDUNHOLPHOHU<NVHN\DSÕODUX]XQSHUL\RWODUGHSUHPGDOJDODUÕ

$%675$&7
7KH DPSOLWXGHV RI VHLVPLF ZDYHV GHFUHDVH LQYHUVHO\ SURSRUWLRQDO WR GLVWDQFH ,Q JHQHUDO VWDQGDUG DSDUWPHQW
EXLOGLQJV HJ-VWRU\EXLOGLQJV GRQRWIHHOHDUWKTXDNHVWKDWDUH-NPDZD\+RZHYHUWKLVLVQRWWKH
FDVH IRU WDOO EXLOGLQJV 'DWD FROOHFWHG LQ UHFHQW \HDUV IURP WDOO EXLOGLQJV VKRZ WKDW WKH\ FDQ EH DIIHFWHG IURP
GLVWDQW HDUWKTXDNHV 7KH UHDVRQ IRU WKLV LV WKDW ORQJ-SHULRG VHLVPLF ZDYHV FDQ WUDYHO YHU\ IDU ZLWKRXW PXFK
DWWHQXDWLRQ DQG FUHDWH UHVRQDQFH YLEUDWLRQV LQ WDOO EXLOGLQJV  *URXQG PRWLRQ GHVFULSWLRQV JLYHQ E\ FXUUHQW
VHLVPLF FRGHV DQG DWWHQXDWLRQ HTXDWLRQV DUH QRW UHOLDEOH IRU ORQJ SHULRGV ,Q WKLV DUWLFOH WZR H[DPSOHV DUH
SUHVHQWHGIRUWKHUHFRUGHGUHVSRQVHRIWDOOEXLOGLQJVWRGLVWDQWHDUWKTXDNHV)LUVWH[DPSOHLVWKHUHFRUGVIURPD
 VWRU\ WDOO EXLOGLQJ LQ $EX 'KDEL FROOHFWHG GXULQJ D PDJQLWXGH  HDUWKTXDNH WKDW ZDV  NP DZD\ 7KH
VHFRQG H[DPSOH LV WKH UHFRUGV IURP D  VWRU\ WDOO EXLOGLQJ LQ ,VWDQEXO FROOHFWHG GXULQJ D PDJQLWXGH 
HDUWKTXDNHWKDWZDVNPDZD\7KHNH\FKDUDFWHULVWLFRIWKHUHFRUGVLVWKDWWKHYLEUDWLRQVRIERWKEXLOGLQJV
ODVWHGYHU\ORQJWLPH PRUHWKDQPLQXWHV 7KHUHFRUGVDOVRVKRZHGWKDWWKHGDPSLQJUDWLRVLQERWKEXLOGLQJV
ZHUHYHU\ORZ OHVVWKDQ $OWKRXJKWKHORDGVDQGGHIRUPDWLRQVLQGXFHGE\WKHHDUWKTXDNHVZHUHORZDQG
QRWFULWLFDOLQWHUPVRIVWUXFWXUDOVDIHW\WKHYHU\ORQJGXUDWLRQRIEXLOGLQJV¶YLEUDWLRQVFDXVHGSDQLFDPRQJWKH
RFFXSDQWV DQGFDXVHGVRPHLQMXULHV

.H\ZRUGV 7DOOEXLOGLQJVORQJSHULRGVVHLVPLFZDYHV

1
ŽŒĂnjŝĕŝmŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚĞƐŝ͕<ĂŶĚŝůůŝZĂƐĂƚŚĂŶĞƐŝǀĞĞƉƌĞŵƌĂƔƚŦƌŵĂŶƐƚŝƚƺƐƺ͕7ƐƚĂŶďƵů͕ĞƌĚĂů͘ƐĂĨĂŬΛďŽƵŶ͘ĞĚƵ͘ƚƌ


*ø5øù

'HSUHP GDOJDODUÕQÕQ JHQOLNOHUL X]DNOÕNOD WHUV RUDQWÕOÕ RODUDN D]DOÕU *HQHO RODUDN VWDQGDUW ELU \DSÕGD
|UQH÷LQ-NDWOÕDSDUWPDQELQDVÕ -NPX]DNOÕNWDNLELUGHSUHPLQHWNLVLoRNKLVVHGLOPH]
3UDWLNWHNXOODQÕODQGHSUHPKDUHNHWLD]DOÕPLOLúNLOHULGHNP¶QLQ|WHVLQGHNLGHSUHPOHUL NDSVDPD]
6RQ\ÕOODUGDJ|NGHOHQWLSLELQDODUGDQDOÕQDQGDWDODUEXGXUXPXQ\NVHN\DSÕODULoLQJHoHUOLROPDGÕ÷ÕQÕ
J|VWHUPLúWLU 8]XQ SHUL\RWOX HVQHN \DSÕODU oRN X]DNWDNL GHSUHPOHUGHQ GH HWNLOHQHELOLUOHU %XQXQ
VHEHELGHSUHPLQ ROXúWXUGX÷X X]XQ SHUL\RWOX GDOJDODU ID]OD V|QPH X÷UDPDGDQ oRN X]DN PHVDIHOHUH
NDGDU JLGHELOLU YH HVQHN \DSÕODUGD UH]RQDQV WLWUHúLPOHUH VHEHS RODELOLU ùDIDN DEF 
DepremlerGHROXúDQX]XQSHUL\RWOXGDOJDODUJHQHOGH\]H\GDOJDODUÕGÕU 5D\OHLJKYH /RYHGDOJDODUÕ 
<]H\ GDOJDODUÕ \D GHULQ DOXYL\DO EDVHQOHULQ ROGX÷X E|OJHOHUGH \D GD ID\ NÕUÕOPDVÕQÕQ oRN X]XQ
ROGX÷XE\NGHSUHPOHUGH ROXúXU<]H\GDOJDODUÕQÕQKÕ]ÕGL÷HUGDOJDODUDJ|UHGDKD\DYDú ROGX÷XLoLQ
EHOOL ELU QRNWD\D 6 GDOJDODUÕQGDQ oRN VRQUD XODúÕU $\UÕFD EX GDOJDODU LYPH ND\ÕWODUÕQGD GH÷LO
GHSODVPDQODUGD oRN GDKD EHOLUJLQGLU 3UDWLNWH NXOODQÕODQ GHSUHP úDUWQDPHOHUL YH D]DOÕP LOLúNLOHUL
oR÷XQOXNODtrigger WHWLNOHPH  PRGXQGD oDOÕúDQ GHSUHP L]OHPH VLVWHPOHUL WDrDIÕQGDQDOÕQDQ ND\ÕWODUD
GD\DQPDNWDGÕU%XVLVWHPOHUGHLYPHGH÷HULEHOOLELUGH÷HULDúWÕ÷ÕQGDND\GDEDúODQÕUYHLYPHGH÷HUL
EHOOL ELU GH÷HULQ DOWÕQD GúW÷QGH ND\ÕW GXUGXUXOXU Y]H\ GDOJDODUÕ LYPHOHUL HWNLOHPHGL÷L LoLQ
JHQHOGH ND\ÕW VLVWHPL GDKD \]H\ GDOJDODUÕ JHOPHGHQ NDSDWÕOÕU YH WULJJHU-PRG¶GD DOÕQDQ ND\ÕWODUÕQ
oR÷X\]H\GDOJDVÕELOJLVLLoHUPH]'ROD\ÕVÕ\ODPHYFXWúDUWQDPHOHUGHYHULOHQ\HUKDUHNHWLELOJLOHULYH
SUDWLNWHNXOODQÕODQD]DOÕPLOLúNLOHUL\]H\GDOJDODUÕQÕ NDSVDPD\DQYHULWDEDQODUÕQGDQJHOLúWLULOGL÷LLoLQ
X]XQSHUL\RWOX\HUKDUHNHWLYH\DSÕGDYUDQÕúÕNRQXVXQGDJYHQLOLUELOJLOHUYHUPH]

%X PDNDOHGH X]DNWDNL GHSUHPOHULQ \NVHN NDWOÕ ELQDODUGD \DUDWWÕ÷Õ WLWUHúLPOHU LoLQ LNL |UQHN
YHULOPLúWLUøON|UQHNWH$EX'KDEL¶GHNLNDWOÕELU\NVHN\DSÕYH\DSÕQÕQNPX]DNOÕNWDYH
E\NO÷QGHNLELUGHSUHPGHQDOÕQDQND\ÕWODUÕLQFHOHQPLúWLUøNLQFL|UQHNWHLVHøVWDQEXO¶GDNLNDWOÕ
ELU \NVHN \DSÕ YH \DSÕQÕQ  NP X]DNOÕNWD YH  E\NO÷QGHNL ELU GHSUHPGHQ DOÕQDQ ND\ÕWODUÕ
LQFHOHQPLúWLU.D\ÕWODUÕQHQE\N|]HOOL÷LKHULNLELQDGDGDGHSUHPGHQROXúDQWLWUHúLPOHULQoRNX]XQ
VUH 10-GDNLND GHYDPHWPHVLGLU7LWUHúLPND\ÕWODUÕKHULNLELQDGDGDV|QPRUDQODUÕQÕQoRNGúN
ROGX÷XQX LQDOWÕQGD J|VWHUPLúWLU+HUQHNDGDULNLdepremde de ELQDODUGDNL \NYHGHSODVPDQODU
\DSÕODUÕQ JYHQOL÷L DoÕVÕQGDQ WHKOLNHOL GH÷LOGL\VH GH VDOÕQÕPODUÕQ oRN X]XQ VUPHVL ELQD RWXUDQODUÕ
DUDVÕQGD SDQLN \DUDWPÕú YH KHUNHVLQ D\QÕ DQGD PHUGLYHQOHUH KFXP HWPHVL QHGHQL\OH \DUDODQPDODUD
VHEHSROPXúWXU

g51(.

øON |UQHN %LUOHúLN $UDS (PLUOLNOHUL $EX 'KDEL¶GH 310 P \NVHNOL÷LQGH HOLSV NHVLWOL  NDWOÕ
EHWRQDUPHELUELQDGÕU\ÕOÕQGDELQDGD.DQGLOOL'HSUHP0KHQGLVOL÷L$QDELOLP'DOÕ¶QÕQGDRUWDN
ROGX÷XELUSURMHNDSVDPÕQGDVUHNOLRODUDNGDWDWRSOD\DQYHNDQDOLYPH|OoHUYHELUDGHWU]JDU
VHQV|UQGHQROXúDQELU<DSÕ6D÷OÕ÷Õø]OHPH6LVWHPLNXUXOPXúWXU%LQD YHVHQV|UOHULQ\HUYH\|QOHUL
ùHNLOGHJ|VWHULOPLúWLUø]OHPHVLVWHPL NXUXOGXNWDQKHPHQVRQUD1LVDQ¶GH NPX]DNWD
øUDQ-3DNLVWDQVÕQÕUÕQD \DNÕQELUE|OJHGHE\NO÷QGHELUGHSUHPLND\GHWPLúWLU'HSUHPLQ\HULYH
$EX 'KDEL¶\H X]DNOÕ÷Õ ùHNLO ¶GHNL KDULWDGD J|VWHULOPLúWLU 'HSUHP 2UWD 'R÷X ONHOHULQLQ KHPHQ
KHSVLQGHKLVVHGLOPLú YH\NVHNELQDODUGDE\NSDQL÷HQHGHQROPXúWXU

%XGHSUHPVÕUDVÕQGDELQDQÕQERGUXPYHoDWÕNDWODUÕQGDQ DOÕQDQLYPHND\ÕWODUÕYHEXQODUGDQKHVDSODQDQ
GHSODVPDQODUELQDQÕQX]XQYHNÕVD\|QOHULLoLQùHNLOD-d GHJ|VWHULOPLúWLUùHNLOOHUGHQGHJ|UOHFH÷L
JLEL GHSUHPLQ ROXúWXUGX÷X \HU KDUHNHWL ERGUXP NDW ND\ÕWODUÕ  oRN GúN ROPDVÕQD UD÷PHQ ELQD
WHSHVLQLQKDUHNHWL|]HOOLNOHNÕVD\|QGHoRNE\NYHoRNX]XQVUHOLGLU .ÕVD\|QGH]HPLQGHQoDWÕ\D
E\WPH RUDQODUÕ PDNVLPXP LYPHOHU LoLQ \DNODúÕN  PDNVLPXP GHSODVPDQODULoLQ \DNODúÕN ¶GXU
8]XQ\|QGHEX RUDQODUYHFLYDUÕQGDGÕU

8]XQ YH NÕVD \|QOHUGHNLELQD ND\ÕWODUÕQGDQ 6LVWHP 7DQÕPODPD System Identification  \|QWHPOHUL\OH


EXOXQDQ PRG úHNLOOHUL YH IUHNDQVSHUL\RWODU 7DEOR  GH |]HWOHQPLúWLU ùDIDN DE ùDIDN HW DO
   .D\ÕW \DSÕODQ NDWODUGDNL PDNVLPXP GHSODVPDQODU 7DEOR  GH YHULOPLúWLU 0DNVLPXP


GHSODVPDQGH÷HUOHULNoNROXS oDWÕGDFP ELQDQÕQ\DSÕVDOJYHQOL÷LDoÕVÕQGDQELUSUREOHPWHúNLO
HWPHPHNWHGLU gOoOHQ KDUHNHWLQ HQ |QHPOL |]HOOL÷L E\N JHQOLNOL  GHSODVPDQODUÕQ |]HOOLNOH NÕVD
\|QGH oRNX]XQVUH GDNLNDGDQ ID]OD GHYDPHWPHVLGLU

ùHNLONDWOÕ$EX'KDELELQDVÕYHVHQV|UORNDV\RQODUÕ

M=7.8; 16 April

γ900 km

ùHNLO0 1LVDQøUDQ-3DNLVWDQVÕQÕUÕGHSUHPLQLQ$EX'KDEL¶\HX]DNOÕ÷Õ


ùHNLOD8]XQ\|QGH ;\|Q ERGUXPNDWÕQGD|OoOHQLYPHOHUYHNDUúÕJHOHQGHSODVPDQODU

ùHNLOE8]XQ\|QGH ;\|Q oDWÕNDWÕQGD|OoOHQLYPHOHUYHNDUúÕJHOHQGHSODVPDQODU



ùHNLOF.ÕVD\|QGH <\|Q ERGUXPNDWÕQGD|OoOHQLYPHOHUYHNDUúÕJHOHQGHSODVPDQODU

ùHNLOG.ÕVD\|QGH <\|Q oDWÕNDWÕQGD|OoOHQLYPHOHUYHNDUúÕJHOHQGHSODVPDQODU


7DEOR.D\GHGLOHQLYPHOHUGHQKHVDSODQDQPDNVLPXPGHSODVPDQODU

g51(.

øNLQFL|UQHNøVWDQEXO¶GDP\NVHNOL÷LQGHLQFHGLNG|UWJHQNHVLWOL NDWOÕEHWRQDUPHELUELQDGÕU
 \ÕOÕQGD ELQD\D .DQGLOOL 'HSUHP 0KHQGLVOL÷L $QDELOLP 'DOÕ WDUDIÕQGDQ VUHNOL RODUDN ND\ÕW
\DSDQYHNDQDOLYPH|OoHUYHELUDGHWU]JDUVHQV|UQGHQROXúDQELU<DSÕ6D÷OÕ÷Õø]OHPHVLVWHPL
NXUXOPXúWXU %LQD YH VHQV|UOHULQ \HU YH \|QOHUL ùHNLO  GH J|VWHULOPLúWLU ø]OHPH VLVWHPL WDUDIÕQGDQ
ND\GHGLOHQ |QHPOL GHSUHPOHUGHQ ELULVL  E\NO÷QGHNL  0D\ÕV  *|NoHDGD GHSUHPLGLU
ùHNLO¶WHNLKDULWDGDGDJ|VWHULOGL÷LJLELGeprem ELQDGDQ\DNODúÕNNPX]DNOÕNWDGÕU

%XGHSUHPVÕUDVÕQGDELQDQÕQ|OoP\DSÕODQNDWODUÕQGD ELQDQÕQX]XQ NX]H\-JQH\ YHNÕVD GR÷X-EDWÕ 


\|QOHULQGHND\GHGLOHQLYPHOHUYH EXQODUD NDUúÕJHOHQGHSODVPDQODU ùHNLODYHEGHJ|VWHULOPLúWLU
ùHNLOOHUGHQ GH J|UOHFH÷L JLEL GHSUHPLQ ROXúWXUGX÷X \HU KDUHNHWL ERGUXP NDW ND\ÕWODUÕ  oRN GúN
ROPDVÕQDUD÷PHQELQDWHSHVLQLQKDUHNHWL|]HOOLNOHNÕVD\|QGHoRNE\NYHoRNX]XQVUHOLGLU.ÕVD
\|QGH E\N JHQOLNOL UH]RQDQV WLWUHúLPOHU GHSUHP GXUGXNWDQ VRQUD GD  GDNLND\D \DNÕQ GHYDP
HWPHNWHGLU8]XQ\|QGHNLWLWUHúLPOHULQVUHVLGDKDNÕVDGÕUøNL\|QGHGHPDNVLPXPoDWÕGHSODVPDQODUÕ
FPFLYDUÕQGDGÕU%XGH÷HU\DSÕVDOJYHQOLNDoÕVÕQGDQELUWHKOLNHWHúNLOHWPHVHGHWLWUHúLPOHULQX]XQ
VUPHVLELQD \DúD\DQLQVDQODUDUDVÕQGDSDQL÷HVHEHSROPXúWXU

.D\ÕWODUÕQ)RXULHUJHQOLNVSHNWUXPODUÕùHNLO GHJ|VWHULOPLúWLU%LQDQÕQKDUHNHWLYH
VDQL\H SHUL\RWOX VÕUDVÕ\ODGR÷X-EDWÕNX]H\-JQH\YHEXUXOPD\|QOHULQGHNLoPRG WDUDIÕQGDQNRQWURO
HGLlPHNWHGLU

<]H\ GDOJDODUÕQÕQ \DQÕ VÕUD ELQD WLWUHúLPOHULQLQ X]XQ VUPHVLQLQ ELU QHGHQL GH ELQDGDNL V|QP
RUDQÕQÕQ oRN GúN ROPDVÕGÕU ùHNLO  GD J|VWHULOGL÷L JLEL LON o PRG LoLQ GHSUHP VRQUDVÕ VHUEHVW
WLWUHúLPGHSODVPDQODUÕQD]DOÕPRUDQODUÕQGDQKHVDSODQDQV|QPRUDQODUÕYHGLU


Istanbul

у300 km
M=6.5; 24 May 2014

ùHNLO0 0D\ÕVGHSUHPLQLQ\HULYHøVWDQEXO¶DX]DNOÕ÷Õ

>ĞǀĞůƐ͗ B-G

>ĞǀĞů͗

ùHNLONDWOÕøVWDQEXOELQDVÕYHVHQV|UORNDV\RQODUÕ


<hz-'mEzzPEmEP>m>E7sD>Zs,^W>EEW>^DE>Z
7DEOR7DQÕPODQDQPRGHúHNLOOHULYHPRGDOIUHNDQVSHUL\RWODU

ùHNLOD%LQDQÕQX]XQ\|QQGH NX]H\-JQH\ |OoOHQLYPHOHUYHNDUúÕJHOHQGHSODVPDQODU

K)h-d/zPEmEP>m>E7sD>Zs,^W>EEW>^DE>Z

ùHNLOE%LQDQÕQNÕVD\|QQGH GR÷X-EDWÕ |OoOHQLYPHOHUYHNDUúÕJHOHQGHSODVPDQODU



K)h-d/zPEmE<77sD>Z7E&KhZ/Z'E>7<^W<dZhDh

<hz-'mEzzPEmE<77sD>Z7E&KhZ/Z'E>7<^W<dZhDh

ùHNLO'R÷X-EDWÕYHNX]H\-JQH\\|QQGHNLLYPHOHULQ)RXULHUJHQOLNVSHNWUXPODUÕYHWDELLIUHNDQVODU

<hzdZ&d, K)h-d/zPEmEϭ͘DKhEW>^DE>Z/

ȟ1 

<hzdZ&d, <hz-GÜNEY YÖNÜNDE 2͘DKhEW>^DE>Z/

ȟ2 

<hzdZ&d͕ϯ͘DKhE;hZh>DDKhͿ W>^DE>Z/

ȟ3 

ùHNLOøONoPRGLoLQVHUEHVWWLWUHúLPJHQOLNOHULQLQD]DOÕPLOLúNLVLQGHQWD\LQHGLOHQV|QPRUDQODUÕ

6218d

%\N GHSUHPOHU X]DNWD GD ROVD \NVHN ELQDODU JLEL X]XQ SHUL\RWOX \DSÕODUGDUH]RQDQVWLWUHúLPOHUH
VHEHSRODELOLU%XQXQHQ|QHPOLQHGHQLEXWLSGHSUHPOHULQ\DUDWWÕ÷ÕX]XQSHUL\RWOX\]H\GDOJDODUÕGÕU
%X GDOJDODU oRN X]DN PHVDIHOHUH JHQOLNOHULQGH |QHPOL ELU D]DOPD ROPDGDQ XODúDELOLUOHU YH KDNLP
SHUL\RWODUÕ HVQHN \DSÕODUÕQ \NVHN ELQDODU JLEL SHUL\RWODUÕQD \DNÕQ PHUWHEHOHUGHGLU  ø]OHPH VLVWHPL
RODQELQDODUGDQDOÕQDQND\ÕWODUEXWLSGDOJDODUÕQ\NVHNELQDODUGDE\NJHQOLNOLYHoRNX]XQVUHOL
- GDNLND JLEL  WLWUHúLPOHU \DUDWWÕ÷ÕQÕ J|VWHUPHNWHGLU 7LWUHúLPOHULQ X]XQ VUHOL ROPDVÕQÕQ ELU
QHGHQLGH\NVHNELQDODUGDNLV|QPRUDQODUÕQÕQoRNGúNROPDVÕGÕU GHQGDKDD] 

*HQHOGH X]DN GHSUHPOHULQ \NVHN ELQDODUGD ROXúWXUGX÷X EX WLS WLWUHúLPOHU oHOLN ELQDODU KDULo
ELQDQÕQ \DSÕVDO JYHQOL÷L DoÕVÕQGDQ WHKOLNHOL GH÷LOGLU dHOLN ELQDODUGD X]XQ VUHOL WLWUHúLPOHU oRN
VD\ÕGD oHYULPVHO \N GH÷LúLPOHUL \DUDWDFD÷Õ LoLQ \DSÕGD \RUXOPD oDWODNODUÕQD QHGHQ RODELOLU
7LWUHúLPOHULQ - GDNLND JLEL oRN X]XQ VUPHVL ELQDGD \DúD\DQODU DUDVÕQGD SDQL÷H VHEHS
ROPDNWDGÕU $\UÕFD EX WLS GHSUHPOHULQ  ELQD LoLQGH GH \DSÕVDO ROPD\DQ KDVDUODUD QHGHQ ROGX÷X GD
J|]OHPOHQPLúWLU +LVDGDHWDO 

8]XQ SHUL\RWOX \]H\ GDOJDODUÕ LYPHGH GH÷LO GHSODVPDQGD NHQGLQL J|VWHUGL÷L LoLQ JHQHOGH LYPH\H
ED÷OÕ trigger WHWLNOHPH  WLSL oDOÕúDQ \HU KDUHNHWL L]OHPH VLVWHPOHUL WDUDIÕQGDQ ND\GHGLOPH] dQN
ND\ÕW VLVWHPL GDKD \]H\ GDOJDODUÕ JHOPHGHQ LYPHOHU oRN GúN ROGX÷X LoLQ NDSDWÕOÕU %X QHGHQOH
PHYFXW GHSUHP úDUWQDPHOHULQGH YHULOHQ YH EX WLS ND\ÕWODUÕQ HJHPHQ ROGX÷X YHUL WDEDQODUÕQGDQ
JHOLúWLULOHQ \HU KDUHNHWL ELOJLOHUL YH GHSUHP KDUHNHWL D]DOÕP LOLúNLOHUL X]XQ SHUL\RWODU LoLQ JHoHUOL
GH÷LOGLU

.$<1$./$5

+LVDGD<<DPDVKLWD70XUDNDPL0.XER7$UDWD76KLQGR-$L]DZD.  6HLVPLF5HVSRQVH


DQG 'DPDJH RI +LJK-5LVH %XLOGLQJV LQ 7RN\R -DSDQ GXULQJ WKH  7RKRNX (DUWKTXDNH
Proceedings of the 1 5 th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering/LVERD3RUWXJDO-
6HSWHPEHU

ùDIDN( D $GDSWLYHPRGHOLQJLGHQWLILFDWLRQDQGFRQWURORIG\QDPLFVWUXFWXUDOV\VWHPV3DUW,- 7KHRU\


Journal of Engineering Mechanics$6&(9RO1R1RYHPEHUSS-

ùDIDN ( E  $GDSWLYH PRGHOLQJ LGHQWLILFDWLRQ DQG FRQWURO RI G\QDPLF VWUXFWXUDO V\VWHPV 3DUW ,,-
$SSOLFDWLRQV Journal of Engineering Mechanics $6&( 9RO 1R 1RYHPEHU  SS-


ùDIDN E D  6XUIDFe ZaYeV aQd VHLVmLF UHVSRQVe RI lRQg pHULRd VWUXFWXUHV Proceedings WK
,QWHUQDWLRQal &RQIHUHQFe RQ EDUWKTXaNe *eRWHFKQLFDl (QJLQHHULQJ 7KHVVDORQLNL *UHHFH -
-XQe 

ùDIDN( E ,PSRUWDQFHRIVXUIDFHZDYHVIRUWDOOEXLOGLQJV-RXUQDORI(QJLQHHULQJ $SSOLHG


6FLHQFHV9RO1RSS-

ùDIDN( F ,PSRUWDQFHRIVXUIDFHZDYHVRQEDVH-LVRODWHGVWUXFWXUHV3URFHHGLQJVWK :RUOG&RQIHUHQFH


RQ6HLVPLF,VRODWLRQ(QHUJ\'LVVLSDWLRQDQG$FWLYH9LEUDWLRQV&RQWURORI6WUXFWXUHV,VWDQEXO7XUNH\
0D\-

ùDIDN(.D\D<6NROQLN'&LXGDG-5HDO0$O0XOOD+0HJDKHG$  5HFRUGHGUHVSRQVHRID


WDOO EXLOGLQJ LQ $EX 'KDEL IURP D GLVWDQW ODUJH HDUWKTXDNH Proceedings of the 1 0 th U.S. National
Conference on Earthquake Engineering (DUWKTXDNH (QJLQHHULQJ 5HVHDUFK ,QVWLWXWH
$QFKRUDJH$ODVND--XO\


Sekizinci Ulusal Deprem Mühendisliği Konferansı, 11 Mayıs-15 Mayıs, 2015, İstanbul
Eighth National Conference on Earthquake Engineering, 11May-15 May 2015, Istanbul, Turkey

%ø1$7ø75(ùø0'$7$/$5,1,1$1$/ø=ø9(02'(/
.$/ø%5$6<2181'$75$16)(50$75ø6ø<g17(0ø
(UGDOùDIDN 16HGHI.RFDNDSODQ 2<DYX].D\D3

g=(7

7UDQVIHU0DWULVL\|QWHPLoRNNDWOÕELQDODUJLEL]LQFLU-WLSL\DSÕODUÕQGLQDPLNGDYUDQÕúÕQÕQIRUPODV\RQXQGDoRN
ID]OD NXOODQÕOPD\DQ IDNDW |QHPOL NROD\OÕNODU VD÷OD\DQ EDVLW ELU \|QWHPGLU %X \|QWHPLQ HVDVÕ ELWLúLN LNL NDWÕQ
NXYYHW YH GHSODVPDQODUÕ DUDVÕQGDNL LOLúNL\L WDQÕPOD\DQ WUDQVIHU PDWULVOHULQH GD\DQÕU 'HSUHP HWNLVLQH PDUX]
\DSÕODUGD KHU NDWWD GHSUHPGHQ ROXúDQ \N YH GHSODVPDQODU  HQ DOW NDWWDQ \XNDUÕ\D GR÷UX WUDQVIHU PDWULVOHUL
\DUGÕPÕ\OD EWQ NDWODU LoLQ KHVDSODQDELOLU 7UDQVIHU PDWULVL IRUPODV\RQX WLWUHúLP GDWDODUÕQGDQ ELQD
|]HOOLNOHULQLQEHOLUOHQPHVLQGH System Identification E\NNROD\OÕNVD÷ODU%LUNDWÕQDOWÕQGDYHVWQGH|OoOHQ
LYPHOHULQLQ VSHNWUDO RUDQÕ VDGHFH EX NDW YH GDKD VWWHNL NDWODUÕQ |]HOOLNOHULQH ED÷OÕGÕU $OW NDWODUÕQ \DSÕVDO
|]HOOLNOHULQGHNL ULMLWOLN V|QP JLEL  GH÷LúLPOHU VW NDWODU LoLQ EXOXQDQ VSHNWUDO RUDQODUÕQÕ HWNLOHPH]  %X
QHGHQOH HQ VW NDWWDQ EDúODPDN úDUWÕ\OD NDWODUÕQ VSHNWUDO RUDQODUÕQGDQ NDW |]HOOLNOHULQL ED÷ÕPVÕ] RODUDN HOGH
HWPHN PPNQGU %X PHWRW LoLQ JHUHNOL ELU úDUW LYPHOHULQ ELQDQÕQ WP NDWODUÕQGD |OoOPú ROPDVÕGÕU
(NRQRPLN QHGHQOHUOH HQVWUPDQWH HGLOHQ ELQDODUGD VHQV|UOHU VDGHFH ELU NDo NDWD \HUOHúWLULOLU 'L÷HU NDWODUGDNL
LYPHOHULQ VHQV|U RODQ NDWODUGDNL |OoPOHUGHQ WDKPLQ HGLOPHVL JHUHNLU %XQXQ LoLQ JHQHOGH OLQHHU YH\D NELN
HQWHUSRODV\RQ \DNODúÕPODUÕ NXOODQÕOÕU  %X WLS HQWHUSRODV\RQODUÕQ GR÷UXOX÷X VHQV|UOHULQ KDQJL NDWODUGD
EXOXQGX÷XQDoRNED÷OÕGÕU%XPDNDOHGHVHQV|UROPD\DQNDWODUGDNLLYPHOHULQWD\LQLLoLQGDKDJYHQLOLU\HQLELU
\|QWHPJHOLúWLULOPLúWLU

$QDKWDUNHOLPHOHU 7UDQVIHUPDWULVLVLVWHPWDQÕPODPDVÕGDWDDQDOL]LPRGHONDOLEUDV\RQX

$%675$&7

7UDQVIHU0DWUL[IRUPXODWLRQLVDVLPSOHEXWQRWZLGHO\XVHGPHWKRGWRIRUPXODWHG\QDPLFEHKDYLRU RIFKDLQ-
OLNHVWUXFWXUHV7KHHVVHQFHRIWKHIRUPXODWLRQLVWKHPDWULFHVWKDWVKRZWKHUHODWLRQVKLSEHWZHHQWKHIRUFHVDQG
GHIRUPDWLRQVRIWZRDGMDFHQWIORRUV)RUEXLOGLQJVVXEMHFWHGWRHDUWKTXDNHVWKHIRUFHVDQGGHIRUPDWLRQVDWHDFK
VWRU\ FDQ EH FDOFXODWHG XVLQJ WUDQVIHU PDWULFHV VWDUWLQJ IURP WKH ORZHVW IORRU 7UDQVIHU 0DWULFHV IRUPXODWLRQ
SURYLGHV DVLPSOHWRROWRLGHQWLI\VWUXFWXUDOFKDUDFWHULVWLFV LH6\VWHP,GHQWLILFDWLRQ IURPYLEUDWLRQGDWD,WFDQ
EHVKRZQWKDWWKHWRS-WR-ERWWRPVSHFWUDOUDWLRRIDFFHOHUDWLRQVUHFRUGHGDWWKHWRSDQGERWWRPRIDVWRU\LVRQO\
GHSHQGHQWRQWKHSURSHUWLHVRI WKDWVWRU\DQGWKHVWRULHVDERYH$Q\FKDQJHVLQWKHG\QDPLFFKDUDFWHULVWLFRIWKH
VWRULHVEHORZGRQRWHIIHFWWKHVSHFWUDOUDWLRVDERYH7KHUHIRUHWKHSURSHUWLHVRIHDFK VWRU\ FDQEHLGHQWLILHG
VHSDUDWHO\IURPWKHVSHFWUDOUDWLRVSURYLGHGWKDWZHVWDUWIURPWKHWRSVWRU\$UHTXLUHPHQWIRUWKLVDSSURDFKLV
WKDWZHQHHGDFFHOHUDWLRQUHFRUGVIURPHYHU\VWRU\'XHWRHFRQRPLFDQGORJLVWLFDOUHDVRQVWKLVLVXVXDOO\QRWWKH
FDVH 7KXV WKH DFFHOHUDWLRQV DW QRQ-LQVWUXPHQWHG IORRUV VKRXOG EH HVWLPDWHG IURP WKRVH RI WKH LQVWUXPHQWHG
IORRUV,QJHQHUDOOLQHDURUFXELFLQWHUSRODWLRQWHFKQLTXHVDUHXVHGIRUWKLVSXUSRVH+RZHYHUWKHLQWHUSRODWLRQ
DSSURDFKLVYHU\VHQVLWLYHWRWKHORFDWLRQRILQVWUXPHQWHGIORRUV,QWKLVSDSHUDQHZDQGPRUHUHOLDEOHDSSURDFK
LVLQWURGXFHGWRHVWLPDWHWKHDFFHOHUDWLRQVDWWKHQRQ-LQVWUXPHQWHGIORRUV

.H\ZRUGV 7UDQVIHUPDWUL[V\VWHPLGHQWLILFDWLRQGDWDDQDO\VLVPRGHOFDOLEUDWLRQ



 

1
%R÷D]LoLhQLYHUVLWHVL.DQGLOOL5DVDWKDQHVLYH'HSUHP$UDúWÕUPD(QVWLWVøVWDQEXOHUGDOVDIDN#ERXQHGXWU
2 8QLYHUVLW\RI7H[DV'HSDUWPHQWRI&LYLO(QJLQHHULQJ$XVWLQ7H[DVVHGHINRFDNDSODQ#XWH[DVHGX
8QLYHUVLW\RI%ULWLVK&ROXPELD'HSDUWPHQWRI&LYLO(QJLQHHULQJ&DQDGDND\D\D#PDLOXEFFD


*ø5øù

7UDQVIHU 0DWULVL \|QWHPL ]LQFLU-WLSL chain-like) \DSÕODUÕQ GLQDPLN GDYUDQÕúÕQÕQ IRUPODV\RQX LoLQ
JHOLúWLULOPLúEDVLWELU\|QWHPGLU 7KRPVRQ 1971)dRNNDWOÕ\NVHNELQDODU]LQFLU-WLSL\DSÕODU LoLQWLSLN
ELU |UQHNWLU 7UDQVIHU PDWULVOHUL ELWLúLN LNL NDWWDNL NXYYHW YH GHSODVPDQODU DUDVÕQGDNL ED÷ODQWÕ\Õ WDULI
HGHQ PDWULVOHUGLU 'HSUHP HWNLVLQH PDUX] \DSÕODUGD ]HPLQGHQ EDúOD\DUDN KHU NDWWDNL \N YH
GHSODVPDQODUEXPDWULVOHU\DUGÕPÕ\ODKHVDSODQDELOLU

7UDQVIHU PDWULVL IRUPODV\RQX WLWUHúLP GDWDODUÕQGDQ ELQD |]HOOLNOHULQLQ EHOLUOHQPHVLQGH GH System
Identification E\NNROD\OÕNVD÷ODUgUQH÷LQGHSUHPOHUGHQROXúDQWLWUHúLPGDWDODUÕQÕQDQDOL]LQGHHQ
VW NDWWDQ EDúOD\DUDN WUDQVIHU PDWULVL \|QWHPL\OH NDW |]HOOLNOHULQLWD\LQ HWPHN PPNQGU 7UDQVIHU
PDWULVOHULQLNXOODQDUDNELUNDWÕQDOWÕQGDYHVWQGH|OoOHQLYPHOHULQLQVSHNWUDORUDQÕQÕQ VDGHFHEXNDW
YH GDKD VW NDWODUÕQ |]HOOLNOHULQH ED÷OÕ ROGX÷XQX J|VWHUPHN PPNQGU $OW NDWODUÕQ \DSÕVDO
|]HOOLNOHULQGHNL ULMLWOLNV|QPJLEL GH÷LúLPOHUVWNDWODULoLQEXOXQDQVSHNWUDORUDQODUÕHWNLOHPH]

%X PHWRW LoLQ JHUHNOL ELU úDUW LYPHOHULQ ELQDQÕQ WP NDWODUÕQGD |OoOPú ROPDVÕGÕU (NRQRPLN
QHGHQOHUOH HQVWUPDQWH HGLOHQ ELQDODUGD VHQV|UOHU VDGHFH ELU NDo NDWD \HUOHúWLULOLU 'L÷HU NDWODUGDNL
LYPHOHULQVHQV|URODQNDWODUGDNL|OoPOHUGHQWDKPLQHGLOPHVLJHUHNLU%XQXQLoLQJHQHOGHOLQHHUYH\D
NELN HQWHUSRODV\RQ \DNODúÕPODUÕ NXOODQÕOÕU  %X WLS HQWHUSRODV\RQODUÕQ GR÷UXOX÷X VHQV|UOHULQ KDQJL
NDWODUGDEXOXQGX÷XQDoRNED÷OÕGÕUøODYHELUoDOÕúPDRODUDNEXPDNDOHGHVHQV|UROPD\DQNDWODUGDNL
ND\ÕWODUÕQWDKPLQLLoLQHQWHUSRODV\RQ\|QWHPLQGHQ GDKDJYHQLOLU\HQLELU\|QWHPde JHOLúWLULOPLúWLU

75$16)(50$75ø6ø<g17(0ø

6DGHFHND\PDGHIRUPDV\RQODUÕQDPDUX]ELU\NVHN\DSÕGDKHUKDQJLELUNDWÕQ NDWi+1 DOWYHVWQQ


PDUX]NDOGÕ÷ÕGHSODVPDQODUYHHWNL\HQ\NOHUDúD÷ÕGDNLúHNLOGHJ|VWHULOPLúWLU


ùHNLO'HSUHPHWNLVLDOWÕQGDNLoRNNDWOÕELUELQDQÕQLNLELWLúLNNDWÕQD HWNL\HQ\NYHGHSODVPDQODU





%XUDGD

xg  'HSUHPGHQROXúDQ\HUKDUHNHWLQLQGHSODVPDQÕQÕ
yi , yi+1  i ve i+1 NDWODUÕQÕQ\HUHJ|UHU|ODWLIGHSODVPDQÕQÕ
xi , xi+1 i ve i+1 NDWODUÕQÕQWRSODPGHSODVPDQÕQÕ x=xg+y)
mi , mi+1  i ve i+1 NDWODUÕQÕQNWOHVLQL
ki+1  i ve i+1 NDWODUÕQÕELUELULQHED÷OD\DQNÕVPÕQ ULMLWOL÷LQL
fi , fi+1 mi ve mi+1 NWOHOHULQH GHSUHPLYPHVLQHGHQL\OHHWNL\HQDWDOHWNXYYHWOHULQL
Fi , )¶i  mi NWOHVLQLQVWYHDOWÕQDHWNL\HQNHVPHNXYYHWOHULQL
Fi+1 , )¶i+1  mi+1 NWOHVLQLQVWYHDOWÕQDHWNL\HQNHVPHNXYYHWOHULQLJ|VWHULU

'HQNOHPOHULEDVLWOHúWLUPHNLoLQV|QPNXYYHWOHULúLPGLOLNJ|]|QQHDOÕQPD\DFDNWÕU

mi+1 NWOHVLQHHWNL\HQNXYYHWOHULoLQGHQJHGHQNOHPLúXúHNLOGH\D]ÕODELOLU

%XUDGDVWLNLQRNWDGH÷LúNHQLQ]DPDQDJ|UHLNLQFLWUHYLQL LYPH\L J|VWHULU ݉݅+1 LQ KHPHQDOWÕYH


KHPHQVWQGHNLWRSODP ]HPLQ\DSÕ GHSODVPDQODUÕ ‫݅ݔ‬+1 ‫ݔ ݁ݒ‬Ԣ݅+1 LOHJ|VWHULUVHNYHEXQODUÕQD\QÕ
ROGX÷XQXJ|]|QQHDOÕUVDN

‫݅ݔ‬+1 = ‫ݔ‬Ԣ݅+1 (2)

$\UÕFDIUHNDQVÕȦRODQ KDUPRQLNELU\HUKDUHNHWLLoLQ

‫ݔ‬ሷ ݅+1 = െ߱2 ‫݅ݔ‬+1 

<XNDUÕGDNLGHQNOHPOHULPDWULVIRUPXQGDELUDUD\DNR\DUVDN

‫݅ݔ‬+1 1 0 ‫ݔ‬Ԣ݅+1
ቂ‫ ܨ‬ቃ = ൤ 2 ൨൤ ൨ 
݅+1 െ߱ ݉݅+1 1 ‫ܨ‬Ԣ݅+1

%XGHQNOHPi+1 NWOHVLLoLQQRNWDPDWULVL point matrix RODUDNLVLPOHQGLULOLU

%HQ]HU úHNLOGH \XNDUÕGDNL úHNLOGHQ i ve i+1 NDWODUÕDUDVÕQGDNL NÕVPD HWNL\HQ NXYYHWOHULQ GHQJHVLQL
J|VWHUHQ DúD÷ÕGDNLGHQNOHPOHUL\D]DELOLUL]
‫ܨ‬Ԣ݅+1 = ‫݅ܨ‬ D
‫ܨ‬Ԣ݅+1 = ݇݅+1 (‫ ݔ‬Ԣ ݅+1 െ ‫) ݅ݔ‬ E

%XLNLGHQNOHPLGHPDWULVIRUPXQDNR\DUVDN field matrix 

‫ݔ‬Ԣ 1 1/݇݅+1 ‫݅ݔ‬


൤ ݅+1 ൨ = ቂ ቃ ቂ‫ ܨ‬ቃ 
‫ܨ‬Ԣ݅+1 0 1 ݅


%X LIDGH\L QRNWD PDWULVL GHQNOHPLQGH \HULQH NR\DUDN i ve i+1 NDWODUÕ DUDVÕQGDNL GHSODVPDQODU YH
NHVPHNXYYHWOHULDUDVÕQGDNLED÷ÕQWÕ\Õ Transfer Matrisini) DúD÷ÕGDNLúHNLOGHEXODELOLUL]

‫݅ݔ‬+1 1 0 1 1/݇݅+1 ‫݅ݔ‬


ቂ‫ ܨ‬ቃ = ൤ ൨ቂ ቃ ቂ‫ ܨ‬ቃ D
݅+1 െ߱2 ݉݅+1 1 0 1 ݅

‫݅ݔ‬+1 1 1/݇݅+1 ‫݅ݔ‬


ቂ‫ ܨ‬ቃ = ൤ 2 2 2 ൨ ቂ‫ ܨ‬ቃ E
݅+1 െ߱ ݉݅+1 1 െ ߱ /߱݅+1 ݅

‫݅ݔ‬+1 ‫݅ݔ‬
ቂ‫ ܨ‬ቃ = [ܶ݅+1 ] ቂ‫ ܨ‬ቃ F
݅+1 ݅

%XUDGD Ti+1 i+1 NDWÕQDDLWWUDQVIHUPDWULVLQLJ|VWHULU

1 1/݇݅+1 2
[ܶ݅+1 ] = ൤ 2 2 ൨ ‫݅߱ ݁ݒ‬+1 = ݇݅+1 /݉݅+1 
െ߱ ݉݅+1 1 െ ߱2 /߱݅+1

'HQNOHPGHQGHJ|UOHFH÷L]HUHTi+1 VDGHFHi ve i+1 NDWODUÕDUDVÕQGDNLNÕVPÕQ ULMLWOL÷LQe ki+1) ve


VWWHNLNDWNWOHVLQe mi+1) ED÷OÕGÕU 

6ø67(07$1,0/$10$6,

<XNDUÕGD|]HWOHQHQ7UDQVIHU0DWULVLIRUPODV\RQX WLWUHúLPGDWDODUÕQGDQ\DSÕQÕQGLQDPLN|]HOOLNOHULQL
WD\LQ HWPHGH NXOODQÕODELOLU %XQXQ LoLQ \DSÕQÕQ oRN NDWOÕ ELU ELQD ROGX÷XQX YH úLPGLOLN \DSÕQÕQ KHU
NDWÕQGDQLYPHND\GÕDOÕQGÕ÷ÕQÕNDEXOHGHFH÷L] ND\ÕWDOÕQPD\DQNDWODUGDNLLYPHOHULQQDVÕOEXOXQDFD÷Õ
daKDVRQUDWDUWÕúÕODFDN 

%LQDQÕQHQVWNDWÕQGDNL .DW-N NHVPHNXYYHWLQLQVÕIÕUROGX÷XQXJ|]|QQHDOÕUVDN FN= \XNDUÕGD


YHULOHQ'HQN E GHQELQDQÕQHQVWNDWÕLoLQúXLNLGHQNOHPL\D]DELOLUL]

‫ ܰܨ‬െ1
‫ܰݔ = ܰݔ‬െ1 + ݇ܰ
(9. ܽ)

߱2
0 = (െ߱ 2 ݉ܰ ‫ܰݔ‬െ1 ) + (1 െ )‫ܨ‬ (9. ܾ)
߱ܰ2 ܰെ1


<XNDUÕGDNLLNLGHQNOHPGHQFN-1’LHOLPLQHHGHUHNDúD÷ÕGDNLED÷ODQWÕ\ÕEXODELOLUL]

‫ܰݔ‬ ߱ܰ2
= 2 (10)
‫ܰݔ‬െ1 ߱ܰ െ ߱ 2


7RSODPGHSODVPDQODULoLQ\D]ÕODQEXRUDQWRSODPKÕ]YHLYPHRUDQODUÕLoLQYHD\QÕ]DPDQGDRQODUÕQ
)RXULHUVSHNWUXPODUÕQÕQRUDQODUÕLoLQGHJHoHUOLGLUgUQH÷LQN ve N-1 NDWODUÕQGDNLWRSODPLYPHOHULQ
|OoOHQLYPHOHUWRSODPLYPHOHUGLU )RXULHUJHQOLNVSHNWUXPODUÕQÕQRUDQÕRN Ȧ 

หܺሷܰ (߱)ห 2
߱ܰ
ܴܰ (߱) = = 2 (11)
หܺሷܰെ1 (߱)ห ߱ܰ െ ߱ 2

%X GHQNOHPGHQ GH J|UOHFH÷L ]HUH, Ȧ ȦN ROGX÷XQGD SD\GD VÕIÕU ROGX÷XQGD VSHNWUDO RUDQ RN Ȧ
PDNVLPXPRODFDNWÕU. 'L÷HUELUGH\LúOHVSHNWUDORUDQÕQPDNVLPXPROGX÷XIUHNDQVVWNDWÕQIUHNDQVÕQÕ
Ȧ2N = kN / mN YHUHFHNWLU

<XNDUÕGDNLIRUPODV\RQDNDWWDNLV|QPQ ȟN GHNDWDUVDNVSHNWUDORUDQDúD÷ÕGDNLIRUPXDOÕU ùDIDN


 

4
߱ܰ + (2ߦܰ ߱ܰ ߱)2
[ܴܰ (߱)]2 = (12)
(߱ܰ2 െ ߱ 2 )2 + (2ߦܰ ߱ܰ ߱)2

%X LIDGHQLQ Ȧ¶\D J|UH WUHYLQL VÕIÕUD HúLWOH\HUHN RN Ȧ QLQ PDNVLPXP ROGX÷X IUHNDQVÕ, Ȧmax’Õ
DúD÷ÕGDNLGHQNOHPGHQKHVDSOD\DELOLUL] ùDIDN 

1/2
ቂെ1 + ඥ1 + 8ߦܰ2 ቃ
߱݉ܽ‫= ݔ‬ ߱ܰ (13)
2ߦܰ

dRN \NVHN ROPD\DQ V|QP RUDQODUÕ LoLQ  ȟN    GHQNOHPLQ VD÷ WDUDIÕQGD  ȦN QLQ |QQGHNL
oDUSDQÕQ ¶HoRN\DNÕQELUGH÷HUROGX÷XJ|UOHELOLUYHSUDWLNWHNLX\JXODPDODUGDȦmax Ȧ DOÕQDELOLU
'ROD\ÕVÕ\OD V|QPO GXUXPGD GD VSHNWUDO RUDQÕQ PDNVLPXP ROGX÷X IUHNDQV VW NDWÕQ IUHNDQVÕQÕ
J|VWHUHFHNWLU

3UDWLNWHmN GH÷HULQLWDKPLQHWPHN WDVDUÕPSURMHOHULQLNXOODQDUDN kN¶\LWDKPLQHJ|UHoRNGDKDNROD\


YH GR÷UX RODUDN \DSÕODELOLU 7DKPLQ HGLOHQ mN GH÷HULQL YH EXOXQDQ NDW IUHNDQVÕQÕ NXOODQDUDN NDW
ULMLWOL÷LkN=mN Ȧ2N úHNOLQGHKHVDSOD\DELOLUL]

%HQ]HU úHNLOGH .DW N-1 ve N-2 GHNLWRSODP LYPHOHULQLQ RUDQÕQÕ J|VWHUHQ GHQNOHPOHUL, 'HQN E¶de
i=N-1 NR\DUDN DúD÷ÕGDNLúHNLOGHEXODELOLUL]

‫ܰܨ‬െ2
‫ܰݔ‬െ1 = ‫ܰݔ‬െ2 + (14. ܽ)
݇ܰെ1
߱2
‫ܰܨ‬െ1 = െ߱2 ݉ܰെ1 ‫ܰݔ‬െ2 + (1 െ 2 )‫ܰܨ‬െ2 (14. ܾ)
߱ ܰ െ1


%XUDGDRN-1 Ȧ RUDQÕQÕEXODELOPHNLoLQ|QFHFN-1 GH÷HULELUVWNDWÕQGHQNOHPOHULQGHQ 'HQNYH
  EXOXQDUDN E GH \HULQH NRQXOXU GDKD VRQUD GD D YH E DUDVÕQGD FN-2 HOLPLQH HGLOLU %X
NRQXGD GDKD ID]OD GHWD\ .RFDNDSODQ  ¶GH EXOXQDELOLU N-1 NDWÕ LoLQ EXOXQDQ RUDQ VDGHFH
2 2
߱ܰ = ݇ܰ /݉ܰ , ߱ܰെ1 = ݇ܰെ1 /݉ܰെ1 , ve ݉ܰ /݉ܰെ1 GH÷HUOHULQLQIRQNVL\RQXGXU<DQLRUDQVDGHFHR
NDW YH VWQGHNL NDWODUÕQ IL]LNVHO |]HOOLNOHULQH ED÷OÕGÕU $OWWDNL NDWODUGD RODQ GH÷LúLNOLNOHU EX RUDQÕ
HWNLOHPH] 'ROD\ÕVÕ\OD HQ VW NDWWDQ EDúODPDN úDUWÕ\OD VSHNWUDO RUDQODUÕ NXOODQDUDN NDW IUHNDQV YH
ULMLWOLNOHULQL KHU NDW LoLQ |]JQ RODUDN EXOPDN PPNQGU $OW NDWODUÕQ IL]LNVHO |]HOOLNOHULQGHNL
GH÷LúLNOLNOHUEXRUDQODUÕYHEXOXQDQVWNDWIUHNDQVODUÕQÕHWNLOHPH\HFHNWLU

<XNDUÕGD YHULOHQ PHWRGXQ X\JXODPDVÕQD |UQHN RODUDN  NDWOÕ PRGHO ELU ELQDQÕQ  $÷XVWRV 
.RFDHOL GHSUHPL  ND\ÕWODUGDQ ELULVL DOWÕQGDNL KDUHNHWL J|] |QQH DOÕQGÕ  %LQDQÕQ NDWODUÕQD JHOHQ
WRSODP LYPHOHULQ]DPDQODGH÷LúLPL |QFHRUMLQDOULMLWOLNOHUL NXOODQDUDN KDVDUJ|UPHPLúGXUXP VRQUD
GD.DWULMLWOL÷LQLD]DOWDUDN KDVDUOÕGXUXP KHVDSODQGÕøNLGXUXPDNDUúÕJHOHQPRGDOIUHNDQVODU
YHDUDGDNLIDUNDúD÷ÕGD7DEOR¶GHYHULOPLúWLU7DEORGDGLNNDWLoHNHQELUQRNWDELUNDWÕQULMLWOL÷L
D]DOGÕ÷ÕKDOGHPRGDOIUHNDQVODUGDRODQGH÷LúLNOLNHQID]OD PRGGD ROPDNWDGÕU%XGDPRGDO
IUHNDQVODUÕQKDVDUWHVELWLLoLQJYHQLOLUELUSDUDPHWUHROPDGÕ÷ÕQÕJ|VWHUPHNWHGLU

7DEOR
NDWOÕELQDQÕQKDVDUVÕ]YHKDVDUOÕ .DWWDULMLWOLND]DOPDVÕ GXUXPGDNLIUHNDQVODUÕ
0RGDO)UHNDQV
0RG1R +DVDUVÕ] +DVDUOÕ )DUN
+] +] 
1   
2   1
3   7
   -
   7
   1
7   2
   27
9   11
10   2

ùHNLO¶GHKDVDUVÕ] PDYLoL]JL\OH YHKDVDUOÕ NÕUPÕ]ÕoL]JL\OH GXUXPODUGDWRSODPLYPHOHULQNDWODU


DUDVÕ)RXULHUJHQOLNVSHNWUXPODUÕQÕQ RUDQÕJ|VWHULOPHNWHGLUùHNLOGHQ GHDoÕNRODUDNJ|UOG÷ JLEL
VSHNWUDO RUDQODU KDVDUOÕ NDWÕQ VWQGH D\QÕ NDOPDNWD  NDWWDNL  KDVDU VDGHFH KDVDUOÕ NDW YH
DOWÕQGDNLNDWODUÕQ VSHNWUDORUDQODUÕQÕ GH÷LúWLUPHNWHGLU



ùHNLO+DVDUVÕ] PDYLoL]JL YHKDVDUOÕ NÕUPÕ]ÕoL]JL GXUXPODULoLQKHVDSODQDQNDWODUDUDVÕVSHNWUDORUDQODU
$/(72/0$<$1.$7/$5'$.øø90(/(5ø17$+0ø1ø

<XNDUÕGD |]HWOHQHQ 7UDQVIHU 0DWULVL IRUPODV\RQX LYPH ND\ÕWODUÕQÕQ KHU NDWWD PHYFXW ROGX÷X
NDEXOQH GD\DQPDNWDGÕU 3UDWLNWH HNRQRPLN YH ORMLVWLN QHGHQOHUOH EX \DSÕOPD]  TLWUHúLP ND\ÕWODUÕ
JHQHOGHERGUXP]HPLQYHoDWÕNDWODUÕ\ODELUNDoDUDNDWWDDOÕQÕUgOoP\DSÕOPD\DQNDWODUGDNLLYPH
GDWDODUÕ |OoP \DSÕODQ NDWODUGDNL GDWDODUGDQ WDKPLQ HGLOHELOLU *HQHOGH EXQXQ LoLQ HQWHUSRODV\RQ
WHNQLNOHUL OLQHHUNELNVSOLQHYE1DLP*RHO NXOODQÕOÕU EQWHUSRODV\RQ\DNODúÕPÕQÕQ
GR÷UXOX÷X DOHWNRQXODQDUDNDWODUÕQKDQJLOHULROGX÷XQDYHLNLQFLYHGDKD\NVHNPRGODUÕQGDYUDQÕúD
QHNDGDUNDWNÕVD÷ODGÕ÷ÕQDoRNED÷OÕGÕU .RFDNDSODQ *HQHOGHLNLQFLYHGDKD\NVHNPRGODUÕQ
GDKDUHNHWHNDWNÕVD÷ODGÕ÷ÕGXUXPODUGDHQWHUSRODV\RQ\|QWHPL\DQOÕúVRQXoODUYHULU

gOoP \DSÕOPD\DQ NDWODUGDNL LYPHOHULQ WDKPLQL LoLQ GDKD L\L ELU \|QWHP .RFDNDSODQ  ¶GH
YHULOPLúWLU%X\|QWHPGHELQDQÕQPRGúHNLOOHULQLQD\QÕPRGDNDUúÕJHOHQND\PDYHH÷LOPHNLULúOHULQLQ
PRGúHNLOOHULQLQOLQHHUELUNRPELQDV\RQXRODFD÷ÕNDEXO HGLOPLúWLU/LQHHUNRPELQDV\RQXQoDUSDQODUÕ
ND\PD YH H÷LOPH NLULúL PRG úHNLOOHULQH X\JXODQDFDN D÷ÕUOÕN IDNW|UOHUL  NRPELQH PRG úHNOLQLQLQ
|OoP\DSÕODQQRNWDODUGDNLGH÷HUOHUL\OH |OoOHQGH÷HUOHUOHDUDODUÕQGDNLIDUNÕPLQLPL]HHGHUHN least-
squares approximation) EXOXQur%X\|QWHPLQJHoHUOLOL÷LKHUNDWÕQGDND\ÕWRODQLNLoRNNDWOÕELQDGD
WHVWHGLOPLúWLU$UDNDWODUGDNLND\ÕWODUÕQELUoR÷XQXQROPDGÕ÷ÕNDEXOHGLOPLúYHEXUDODUGDKHVDSODQDQ
LYPH GH÷HUOHUL |OoOHQ JHUoHN GH÷HUOHUOH NDUúÕODúWÕUÕOPÕúWÕU  6RQXoODU ND\PDH÷LOPH NLULúL
NRPELQDV\RQX \DNODúÕPÕQÕQ |]HOOLNOH \NVHN PRGODUGD HQWHUSRODV\RQ \|QWHPOHULQH J|UH oRN GDKD
GR÷UXROGX÷XQXJ|VWHUPLúWLU%XNRQXGDGDKDGHWD\OÕELOJL.RFDNDSODQ  ¶GHYHULOPLúWLU

%X\|QWHPVD\HVLQGHEWQNDWODUGDNLLYPHGH÷HUOHUL]DPDQWDQÕPDODQÕQGDELOLQLUKDOHJHOHFH÷LQGHQ
\XNDUÕGD |]HWOHQHQ VSHNWUDO RUDQODUD GD\DOÕ VLVWHP WDQÕPODPD \|QWHPLQL X\JXODPDN PPNQ
RODFDNWÕU %X \|QWHP D\UÕFD DQDOLWLN PRGHOOHULQ NDW ED]ÕQGD NDOLEUDV\RQX LoLQ GH E\N NROD\OÕN
VD÷ODU .DW ED]ÕQGD NDOLEUDV\RQ PRG ED]ÕQGD NDOLEUDV\RQD J|UH GDWD\OD oRN GDKD X\XPOX PRGHO
JHOLúWLULOPHVLQHLPNDQYHULU

6218d

7UDQVIHU 0DWULVL \|QWHPL ]LQFLU-WLSL  \DSÕODUÕQ |UQH÷LQ, oRN NDWOÕ ELQDODU GLQDPLN GDYUDQÕúÕQÕQ
IRUPODV\RQX LoLQ JHOLúWLULOPLú EDVLW ELU \|QWHPGLU 7UDQVIHU PDWULVOHUL ELWLúLN LNL NDWWDNL NXYYHW YH
GHSODVPDQODUDUDVÕQGDNLED÷ODQWÕ\ÕWDULIHGHr7UDQVIHUPDWULVLIRUPODV\RQXWLWUHúLPGDWDODUÕQGDQELQD
|]HOOLNOHULQLQ EHOLUOHQPHVLQGH System Identification  E\N NROD\OÕN VD÷ODU  7UDQVIHU PDWULVOHULQL
NXOODQDUDNELUNDWÕQDOWÕQGDYHVWQGH|OoOHQLYPHOHULQLQVSHNWUDORUDQÕQÕQVDGHFHEXNDWYHGDKDVW
NDWODUÕQ |]HOOLNOHULQH ED÷OÕ ROGX÷XQX J|VWHUPHN PPNQGU $OW NDWODUÕQ \DSÕVDO |]HOOLNOHULQGHNL
ULMLWOLNV|QPJLEL GH÷LúLPOHUVWNDWODULoLQEXOXQDQVSHNWUDORUDQODUÕHWNLOHPH]'ROD\ÕVÕ\ODHQVW
NDWWDQEDúODPDNúDUWÕ\OD VSHNWUDORUDQODUÕNXOODQDUDNNDWIUHNDQVYHULMLWOLNOHULQL|]JQRODUDNEXOPDN
PPNQGU $OW NDWODUÕQ IL]LNVHO |]HOOLNOHULQGHNL GH÷LúLNOLNOHU EX RUDQODUÕ YH EXOXQDQ VW NDW
IUHNDQVODUÕQÕHWNLOHPH\HFHNWLU

%X PHWRW LoLQ JHUHNOL ELU úDUW LYPHOHULQ ELQDQÕQ WP NDWODUÕQGD |OoOPú ROPDVÕGÕU (NRQRPLN
QHGHQOHUOH HQVWUPDQWH HGLOHQ ELQDODUGD VHQV|UOHU VDGHFH ELU NDo NDWD \HUOHúWLULOLU %X oDOÕúPDGD
|OoP\DSÕOPD\DQNDWODUGDNL LYPHOHULQ|OoP\DSÕODQ NDWODUGDNLLYPHOHUGHQ WDKPLQHGLOPHVLLoLQ\HQL
ELU\|QWHPGHJHOLúWLULOPLúWLU%X\|QWHPELQDQÕQPRGúHNLOOHULQLQD\QÕPRGDNDUúÕJHOHQND\PD YH
H÷LOPH NLULúOHULQLQ PRG úHNLOOHULQLQ OLQHHU ELU NRPELQDV\RQX RODFD÷Õ NDEXOQH GD\DQÕU YH \D\JÕQ
RODUDNNXOODQÕODQHQWHUSRODV\RQ\|QWHPOHULQHJ|UHoRNGDKDGR÷XGH÷HUOHUYHULU


.$<1$./$5

*RHO+5.³0RGH-%DVHG3URFHGXUHWR,QWHUSRODWH6WURQJ0RWLRQ5HFRUGVRI,QVWUXPHQWHG
%XLOGLQJV´ISET Journal of Earthquake Technology, 9RO1R-SS-

.RFDNDSODQ6  $PHWKRGWRFDOLEUDWHDQDO\WLFDOPRGHOV RIPXOWL-VWRU\EXLOGLQJVIURPHDUWKTXDNH


5HFRUGVM.S. Thesis%R÷D]LoL8QLYHUVLW\.DQGLOOL2EVHUYDWRU\DQG(DUWKTXDNH5HVHDUFK
,QVWLWXWH*UDGXDWH3URJUDPLQ(DUWKTXDNH(QJLQHHULQJ'HFHPEHU

1DHLP)³3HUIRUPDQFHRI([WHQVLYHO\,QVWUXPHQWHG%XLOGLQJVGXULQJWKH-DQXDU\1RUWKULGJH
(DUWKTXDNH$Q,QWHUDFWLYH,QIRUPDWLRQ6\VWHP´Jama Report 97-7530.68, John A. Martin and
Associates/RV$QJHOHV86$

ùDIDN(  'HWHFWLRQDQG,GHQWLILFDWLRQRI6RLO-6WUXFWXUH,QWHUDFWLRQLQ%XLOGLQJVIURP9LEUDWLRQ


5HFRUGLQJV´ASCE, Journal of Structural Engineering9ROSS-

7KRPVRQ:7  7UDQVIHUPDWUL[UHODWLRQVKLSVIRUUHSHDWHGVWUXFWXUHVInternational Journal of


Mechanical Sciences, 9ROXPH,VVXH$XJXVW3DJHV–




You might also like