Environmental Pollution

Environmental pollution is a term that refers to all the ways by which people pollute
their surroundings. People dirty the air with gases and smoke, poison the water with
chemicals and substances, and damage the soil with too many fertilizers and
pesticides. People also pollute their surroundings in various other ways. For example,
they ruin natural beauty by scattering junk and little on the land and in the water. They
operate machines and motor vehicles that fill the air with disturbing noise. Nearly
everyone causes pollution in some way.

Environmental pollution is one of the most serious problems facing humanity today.
Air, water, and soil - all harmed by pollution - are necessary to the survival of all
living things. Badly polluted air can cause illness, and even death. Polluted water kills
fish and other marine life. Pollution of soil reduces the amount of land available for
growing food. Environmental pollution also brings ugliness to our naturally beautiful
world.

Everyone wants to reduce pollution. But the pollution problem is as complicated as it

is serious. It is complicated because much pollution is caused by things that benefits
people. For example, exhaust from automobiles causes a large percentage of all air
pollution. But the automobile provides transportation for millions of people. Factories
discharge much of the material that pollutes air and water, but factories provide jobs
for people. Too much fertilizer and pesticide can ruin soil, but fertilizers and
pesticides are important aids to the growing of crops.

Thus, to end or greatly reduce pollution immediately, people would have to stop using
many things that benefit them. Most people do not want to do that, of course. But
pollution can be gradually reduced in several ways. Scientists and engineers can work
to find ways to lessen the amount of pollution that such things as automobiles and
factories cause. Governments can pass and enforce laws that require businesses and
individuals to stop, or to cut down on, polluting activities. And, perhaps most
importantly, individuals and groups of people can work to persuade their
representatives in government, and also persuade businesses, to take action toward
reducing pollution.
 UNITED NATIONS REPORT ON ENVIRONMENT

The World Health Organization estimates that 23 per cent of all deaths worldwide –
amounting to 12.6 million people in 2012 – are due to environmental risks. Low-
income and middle-income countries bear the brunt of pollution-related illnesses, with
a disproportionate impact on children, women and the most vulnerable. According to
the Lancet Commission on Pollution and Health, the costs of pollution in low- and
middle-income countries amount to 2 per cent of gross domestic product and up to 7
per cent of annual spending in terms of health care costs.

Every year, between 4.8 and 12.7 million tonnes of plastic are leaked into the ocean
due to inadequate waste management. According to the United Nations Environment
Programme (UNEP), marine litter costs $13 billion per year in environmental damage
to marine ecosystems, including financial losses by fisheries and tourism. The latest
Global Environment Outlook, “Healthy Planet, Healthy People”, and the latest Global
Chemicals Outlook also stress pollution as a key issue requiring urgent and coherent
action.

Gender, environment and development are thoroughly enmeshed: pollution not only
has a negative impact on the environment, it also creates unequal pressures and health
consequences for women and men, girls and boys and vulnerable groups to which they
belong. Narrowing down gender gaps through gender-sensitive actions on pollution
would increase society’s productivity and reduce poverty and hunger appreciably.  

Addressing pollution thus reduces the burden of disease, helps the environment,
improves quality of lives, especially of women and children, reduces the impacts on
human health and human capital and avoids income and productivity losses. By acting
to prevent, better manage and reduce pollution at the regional, national and local
levels, governments and stakeholders put themselves on a path to meeting the
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), a prime responsibility of member States. In
addition, acting on pollution constitutes an important contribution to achieving the
SDGs and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.
ENVIRONMENT
Complete the translation below with
appropriate.
Theo đánh giá của Ngân hàng thế giới,
hiện nay có tới 80 quốc gia, chiếm 40%
dân số thế giới đang gặp khó khăn về
nước. Trong khoảng 20-30 năm nữa, số
người không đủ nước ngọt dùng trên thế
giới sẽ lên tới 1,5 tỉ người.
Để đối phó với nạn khát trong tương lai,
VN đã cho ra đời Bộ luật tài nguyên nước
nhằm quản lí, khai thác các nguồn nước
sao cho hợp lí. Đây là một hành lang pháp
lí cơ bản cho vấn đề bảo vệ nguồn nước
hiện có trong tương lai.
Theo đánh giá của các chuyên gia về tài
nguyên, hiện nay ở nước ta có trên 20
thành phố, thị xã khai thác nguồn nước
ngầm. Con số trên phần nào cho thấy vai
trò của nước ngầm trong việc phục vụ
quốc kế dân sinh.
Song điều đáng quan tâm là tình trạng khai
thác bừa bãi các nguồn nước ngầm đã làm
cho các nguồn nước này suy giảm cả về
lượng lẫn chất. Thời gian qua, ở nhiều nơi,
nguồn nước bị sụt giảm đến mức báo
động.
Chẳng hạn như ở Đắc Lắc, diện tích trồng
cà phê tăng vọt đã khiến cho người nông
dân sử dụng đến cạn kiệt các nguồn nước
ngầm trong khi đó diện tích rừng lại suy
giảm nhanh chóng do chiến tranh rồi do
con người tàn phá. Rừng không đủ khả năng
giữ và tích nước.
words/phrases you think they are most
According (1).......... WB (WB), about 80
countries, accounting (2) .......... 40% (3)
.......... the world population are suffering
(4) ......... shortage of fresh water.
(5)..........about 20-30 years, the number of
people who do not have fresh water to use
will reach (6) ......... 1.5 billion.
(7) ...... future shortage of water, Vietnam
has promulgated water resource law
which puts water resources (8) ..........
management and exploitation. This is a
legal framework to protect today’s water
resources (9)…………
Evaluation (10)……. specialists (11)…..
natural resource reveals that more than 20
cities and towns in VN are exploiting
underground water resource. This figure
(12)…. indicates (13) …….. ground water
in the country’s economy and people’s life.
However, it is worth noting that
uncontrolled exploitation has (14)….. a
decrease both (15) ..... and quality.
Recently water sources in many places
have come (16).....an alarming level.
For example in DL, coffee growing area
has increased so fast that water (17) …......
has been overused by farmers (18)....
whereas forest area has been dramatically
reduced not only by the war but also by
people’s destruction. Forest, therefore,
cannot absorb and hold water.
 B¶o vÖ m«i sinh

M«i sinh ®ang ë trong t×nh tr¹ng b¸o ®éng. Nãi mét c¸ch khÈn thiÕt, thiªn nhiªn
®ang kªu cøu. Th¶m ho¹ huû diÖt ®ang ®e do¹ loµi ngêi.

Tõ nh÷ng thËp kØ cuèi cña thÕ kØ 20, sù gia t¨ng d©n sè, viÖc khai th¸c tµi nguyªn
mét c¸ch v« tæ chøc, viÖc t¨ng nhanh qóa tr×nh ®« thÞ ho¸, c«ng nghiÖp ho¸, ho¸ häc
ho¸ n«ng nghiÖp, t¸c ®éng to lín cña con ngêi vµo thiªn nhiªn tõ nhiÒu mÆt mang
tÝnh toµn cÇu, trong ®ã cã vÊn ®Ò chÊt th¶i, ®· ¶nh hëng s©u s¾c ®Õn sinh
quyÓn, ®ông ch¹m ®Õn mäi quèc gia v× qu¶ ®Êt lµ ng«i nhµ chung cña loµi ngêi.

HËu qu¶ lµ từ nöa cuèi thÕ kØ 20, sinh quyÓn ®· trë nªn tåi tÖ râ rÖt. ¥ mét sè níc
vµ mét sè khu vùc réng lín, t×nh tr¹ng « nhiÔm ®· thùc sù lµ mèi hiÓm ho¹. Tr¸ch
nhiÖm nµy thuéc vÒ c¸c níc c«ng nghiÖp ph¸t triÓn: c¸c níc nµy ®· g©y ra 2/3 lîng «
nhiÔm trªn thÕ giíi. Trong sè ®ã, Mü g©y ra 30%, c¸c níc T©y ©u 20%.

VÊn ®Ò m«i sinh cÇn ®îc gi¶i quyÕt ë nh÷ng quy m« kh¸c nhau: trªn quy m« thÕ
giíi, quy m« tõng níc, quy m« tõng ngµnh. VÊn ®Ò nµy mang tÝnh toµn cÇu.

VÊn ®Ò b¶o vÖ sinh th¸i bao gåm nhiÒu mÆt: b¶o vÖ søc khoÎ, ph¸t triÓn kinh tÕ,
gi¸o dôc vµ nhiÒu vÊn ®Ò kh¸c. Híng gi¶i quyÕt cã thÓ nh sau:

- Híng thø nhÊt: thay thÕ c«ng nghÖ s¶n xuÊt cæ truyÒn b»ng c¸c c«ng nghÖ s¹ch
kh«ng cã chÊt ®éc h¹i.

- Híng thø hai: kiÓm so¸t vµ ph©n bæ hîp lý c¸c ngµnh c«ng nghiÖp g©y nhiÔm bÈn
nhÊt ®èi víi m«i sinh.

- Híng thø ba: ph¸t minh c¸c thiÕt bÞ läc vµ t¸i sö dông r¸c c¸c lo¹i.

B¶o vÖ sinh quyÓn tøc lµ b¶o vÖ cuéc sèng cña mçi chóng ta.
- trong tình trạ ng bá o độ ng: in an alarming situation

- mố t cá ch khẩ n thiết: urgently, to put it urgently

- kêu cứ u: call for help, cry for help
- thả m hoạ huỷ diệt: extermination
- v« tæ chøc: uncontrolled
- c«ng nghiÖp ho¸: industrialisation
- ho¸ häc ho¸ n«ng nghiÖp: agricultural chemicalisation
- trë nªn tåi tÖ: deteriorate
- mèi hiÓm ho¹: threat
- quy m«: at levels, on scales
- c«ng nghÖ s¶n xuÊt cæ truyÒn: traditional/outdated tecgnology
- c«ng nghÖ s¹ch kh«ng cã chÊt ®éc h¹i: clean, poison-free technology
- c«ng nghiÖp g©y nhiÔm bÈn: contaminating technology
- thiÕt bÞ läc: filters, filting devices