EXAMPLE

Using Sylvester’s theorem show that 3 tan A  (tan 3) A

if A   1 4
2 1

 0    1 4    1  4 
Solution:- Here [I  A]       
 0    2 1    2   1

Namrata Gore
Characteristic equation is given by I  A  0
i.e. λ2 – ( sum of the diagonal elements)λ+|A|=0
λ2 – (0) λ + ( – 9) = 0
λ2 – 9 = 0
λ = 3, – 3 , (Let λ1 = 3 and λ2 = – 3 )
Further ф (λ) = λ2 – 9
ф’ (λ) = 2 λ
  1 4  8
adj [I  A]   
 2   1
EXAMPLE
  1 4 
 adj [I  A]   2   1 ………(1)
Z ( )    
  ' ( )  2

Let P(A) = 3 tanA

By Sylvester’s theorem

Namrata Gore
P ( A)  P (1 ) Z (1 )  P (2 ) Z (2 ) ..…….(2)
Substituting λ1 and λ2 in equation (1) we get

3  1 4 
 2  
 3 1 1 2 4 1 1 2
Z (1 )  Z (3)     
23 6 2 4 3 1 2


 3  1 4 
 2 
  3  1 1   4 4  1  2  2 9
Z (2 )  Z (3)    
2  (3)  6  2  2 3  1 1 
 
EXAMPLE
Equation (2) becomes
1 1 2 1  2  2
3 tan A  3 tan 3     3 tan(3)  
3 1 2 3  1 1 
1 2 2  2
 tan 3   tan 3 

Namrata Gore
 
1 2  1 1 

1 2  2  2 
 tan 3     
1 2   1 1 

  1 4
 3 tan A  tan 3    (tan 3) A
 2 1 10